CN107015146A - The method for diagnosing magneto air-gap eccentric fault - Google Patents
The method for diagnosing magneto air-gap eccentric fault Download PDFInfo
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- CN107015146A CN107015146A CN201710121366.8A CN201710121366A CN107015146A CN 107015146 A CN107015146 A CN 107015146A CN 201710121366 A CN201710121366 A CN 201710121366A CN 107015146 A CN107015146 A CN 107015146A
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- high frequency
- air
- fault
- magneto
- axle inductances
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
- G01R31/343—Testing dynamo-electric machines in operation
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Abstract
The present invention relates to Diagnosing Faults of Electrical and status monitoring field, a kind of method for diagnosing magneto air-gap eccentric fault is disclosed.Methods described includes, when permanent magnet motor is in operation, d axles by inverter in the rotor coordinate of motor inject high frequency voltage, high frequency d axle inductances are calculated in real time, then the particular harmonic of the high frequency d axle inductances is analyzed, air-gap eccentric fault is diagnosed, and can accurately judge the order of severity of specific air gap eccentric centre.It is an advantage of the invention that：Can be in motor operation course, inline diagnosis and the fault severity level for distinguishing air gap eccentric centre, and do not need extra install sensor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Diagnosing Faults of Electrical and status monitoring field, and in particular to one kind diagnosis magneto air gap eccentric centre
The method of failure.
Background technology
With electrified and electric automobile the popularization of track traffic, the fault diagnosis technology of research traction electric machine has been obtained
It is increasingly increased in industry to pay attention to.Permanent magnet traction motor is simpler than asynchronous machine because of its control mode, and energy conversion efficiency is high, it
It has been the main flow selection in electric automobile field.Meanwhile, develop with the Great span of domestic permanent magnetism high ferro, can be foreseen
It is that substantial amounts of permanent magnet traction motor can be provided at field of track traffic in China in future.Therefore, in time and effectively diagnose
Magneto issuable failure at initial stage reduces manpower maintenance cost to safeguarding whole electrical drive system, it is to avoid occur more
Serious irreversible accident, protects the security of the lives and property of people, has very important significance.
The failure of magneto mainly has four kinds, and interturn in stator windings is short-circuit, bearing fault, permanent magnet demagnetization failure, and air gap
Fault of eccentricity, wherein latter three kinds are the failures for being related to rotor.In the failure of rotor is related to, bearing fault in electricity
The characteristic frequency reflected in electromechanics stream is special, non-integer harmonics, therefore can easily make a definite diagnosis.Air-gap eccentric fault can be
(f is presented in current of electrics±kfr) characteristic frequency.But, after permanent magnet local demagnetization, the remanent magnetism skewness of rotor, partially
Heart magnetic pull occurs, and produces torque ripple, and the torque ripple can also show and air-gap eccentric fault in current of electric
Same or similar fault signature.If according to above-mentioned current of electric characteristic analysis method, can by one this there is permanent magnet
The motor wrong report of local demagnetization is air-gap eccentric fault.Mill is touched in addition, the final accident of air gap eccentric centre is rotor, fire is produced
Flower, inverter excessively stream, over current of motor, it is possible to permanent magnet extra local demagnetization failure is occurred.Therefore we need really
Effectively, it is capable of the air-gap eccentric fault diagnostic method of quantitative measurement, so as to accomplish planned maintenance, reduces maintenance cost.
Although there is offline air-gap eccentric fault diagnostic method at present, this kind of method is needed motor and driver
Structure is disengaged.The permanent magnet traction motor equipped in high ferro and electric automobile be this two classes failure mainly bear object, make wheel hang
Sky, or motor and link gear are disengaged, it is unpractical.Not yet occurring at present can be in motor operation course accurate quantitative analysis
It is diagnosed to be the method for motor gas-gap fault of eccentricity.Therefore, invent a kind of online, accurately, quantitative Diagnosis air gap eccentric centre
The method of failure has important economic value.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention be overcome the deficiencies in the prior art there is provided it is a kind of diagnose magneto air-gap eccentric fault side
Method.
Methods described includes：In the running of the magneto, in the d axles injection high frequency pulsating electricity of rotating coordinate system
Pressure, wherein the d axles and permanent magnet d overlapping of axles of the rotating coordinate system, calculate in real time high frequency d axle inductances and；In a quilt in advance
In the frequency range F of determination, the particular harmonic of the high frequency d axle inductances is recognized, the frequency of the particular harmonic is consistently equal to turn
Handset tool speed；In the frequency range F being determined in advance, the particular harmonic width of the high frequency d axle inductances is determined
Value A1；Compare the particular harmonic amplitude A of the high frequency d axle inductances1With a threshold value A being determined in advance10, determine the permanent magnetism
The air-gap eccentric fault of motor.
It is preferred that, the method for the air-gap eccentric fault for determining magneto is：If the spy of the high frequency d axle inductances
Determine harmonic amplitude A1No more than threshold value A10, then judge that air-gap eccentric fault is not present in the magneto；If the high frequency d axles
The particular harmonic amplitude A of inductance1More than threshold value A10, then judge that the magneto has air-gap eccentric fault.
The amplitude A of the first harmonic of the high frequency d axle inductances1With the air gap eccentric centre order of severity into positive correlation, the height is used
The amplitude A of the first harmonic of frequency d axle inductances1Determine the order of severity of air-gap eccentric fault.
It is an advantage of the invention that：Magneto air-gap eccentric fault can be accurately judged to, can be run in trailer system
During inline diagnosis, i.e., need not be diagnosed in system-down or on the premise of departing from motor and system, not influence system to transport
OK, it is not necessary to additional sensor, and do not need sensor intrusion motor body, can quantify distinguish air-gap eccentric fault it is serious
Degree.
Brief description of the drawings
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are elaborated below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the inventive method in a specific embodiment.
During Fig. 2 is preferred embodiment, the result of spectrum analysis of stator phase currents；Wherein (A) is normal permanent magnetism traction
Motor M1 current spectrum figure, (B) is the current spectrum figure for confirming to exist the permanent magnet traction motor M2 of air-gap eccentric fault, (C)
It is the current spectrum figure for confirming to exist the permanent magnet traction motor M3 of permanent magnet local demagnetization failure.
During Fig. 3 is preferred embodiment, diagnostic result of the inventive method to described M1, M2, M3；Wherein (A) is M2
With M1 high frequency d axle inductance spectral contrasts, (B) is M3 and M1 high frequency d axle inductance spectral contrasts.
Fig. 4 is in multiple preferred embodiments of the invention, the inventive method leads to the permanent magnetism of the eccentric order of severity of different air gap
Draw motor M2 quantitative Diagnosis result.
Embodiment
It should be appreciated that preferred embodiment is only for the explanation present invention, the protection domain being not intended to be limiting of the invention.
In one embodiment, the flow chart of method of the invention is as shown in figure 1, the implementation step is as follows：
1) frequency range F and threshold value A are predefined10；
2) in the running of the magneto, high frequency pulsating voltage is injected in the d axles of rotating coordinate system, wherein described
The d axles and permanent magnet d overlapping of axles of rotating coordinate system, calculate high frequency d axle inductances in real time；
3) in the frequency range being determined an in advance F, the particular harmonic of the high frequency d axle inductances, the spy are recognized
The frequency for determining harmonic wave is consistently equal to the mechanical speed of rotor；In the frequency range F being determined in advance, the height is determined
The particular harmonic amplitude A of frequency d axle inductances1；
4) the particular harmonic amplitude A of relatively more described high frequency d axle inductances1With a threshold value A being determined in advance10, determine institute
State the air-gap eccentric fault of magneto.Wherein, the method for the air-gap eccentric fault for determining magneto is：
If the i. particular harmonic amplitude A of the high frequency d axle inductances1No more than threshold value A10, then the magneto is judged
In the absence of air-gap eccentric fault；
If the ii. particular harmonic amplitude A of the high frequency d axle inductances1More than threshold value A10, then judge that the magneto is deposited
In air-gap eccentric fault.
5) the amplitude A of the particular harmonic of the high frequency d axle inductances1With the air gap eccentric centre order of severity into positive correlation, with described
The amplitude A of the particular harmonic of high frequency d axle inductances1Determine the order of severity of air-gap eccentric fault.
In a preferred embodiment, the same model permanent magnetism traction electricity used for electric vehicle of three different health status is chosen
Machine.The number of pole-pairs p=4 of motor.This three permanent magnet traction motors are represented with M1, M2 and M3 respectively.M1 is normal motor, there is appearance
Intrinsic air gap eccentric centre in poor scope, in the absence of any failure；M2 is faulty motor, and the air gap existed caused by bearing damage is inclined
Heart failure, in the absence of other failures.M3 is faulty motor, there is local permanent magnet demagnetization failure, in the absence of fault of eccentricity.
In one particularly preferred embodiment, based on using DSP28335 and FPGA as the high-power of the control system of core
Frequency converter drives M1, M2 and M3 respectively using rotor flux-oriented control mode.The switching frequency of the big-power transducer is
8kHz, motor speed is gathered by 8192ppr incremental optical-electricity encoders.M1, M2 and M3 operate in 600rpm, with identical negative
Lotus.Understand, the mechanical speed f of rotor of motorrIt is 10Hz, frequency of supply fsIt is 40Hz.Fig. 2 provides M1, and M2, M3's is respective
Current of electric spectrogram, can not accurately reflect air-gap eccentric fault to embody current of electric feature, especially note Fig. 2 (B),
Left sideband frequency at k=12110With right sideband frequency2120The peak amplitude at place is significantly lower than the left sideband frequency at k=22250With right sideband frequency2260The peak amplitude at place, this make it that when selecting suitable current of electric feature difficulty can be met with.
In another specific preferred embodiment, based on the big work(using DSP28335 and FPGA as the control system of core
Rate frequency converter drives M1, M2 and M3 respectively using rotor flux-oriented control mode.The switching frequency of the big-power transducer
It is 8kHz, motor speed is gathered by 8192ppr incremental optical-electricity encoders.M1, M2 and M3 operate in 600rpm, with identical negative
Lotus.Understand, the mechanical speed f of rotor of motorrIt is 10Hz, frequency of supply fsIt is 40Hz.One embodiment of the present invention is such as
Under：
1) frequency range F=[0Hz, 62.5Hz] is predefined, threshold value A might as well be first set10For 0, actual threshold is normal
The amplitude of particular harmonic described in motor high frequency d axle inductances.
2) in the running of the magneto, high frequency pulsating voltage is injected in the d axles of rotating coordinate system, wherein described
The d axles and permanent magnet d overlapping of axles of rotating coordinate system, the amplitude U of the high frequency pulsating voltagei=1V, pulsating frequency fi=500Hz.
High frequency d axle inductances and permanent magnet flux linkage are calculated in real time, and the formula for calculating high frequency d axle inductances is as follows：
Wherein t is the time by setting DSP timer internals to produce, idIt is the d shaft currents of feedback.
3) in the frequency range F=[0Hz, 62.5Hz], the particular harmonic of the high frequency d axle inductances, the spy are recognized
The frequency for determining harmonic wave is consistently equal to the mechanical speed of rotor；In the frequency range F being determined in advance, the height is determined
The particular harmonic amplitude A of frequency d axle inductances1。
4) the particular harmonic amplitude A of relatively more described high frequency d axle inductances1And threshold value A10, determine the air gap of the magneto
Fault of eccentricity.Wherein, the method for the air-gap eccentric fault for determining magneto is：
If the i. particular harmonic amplitude A of the high frequency d axle inductances1No more than threshold value A10, then the magneto is judged
In the absence of air-gap eccentric fault；
If the ii. particular harmonic amplitude A of the high frequency d axle inductances1More than threshold value A10, then judge that the magneto is deposited
In air-gap eccentric fault.
5) the amplitude A of the particular harmonic of the high frequency d axle inductances1With the air gap eccentric centre order of severity into positive correlation, with described
The amplitude A of the particular harmonic of high frequency d axle inductances1Determine the order of severity of air-gap eccentric fault.
More specifically, using the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, M1, M2, M3 high frequency d axle inductance perunit frequency spectrums are in figure
3 show.Wherein, M1 is as normal motor, and its high frequency d axle inductance perunit frequency spectrums are incorporated by reference, and its high frequency d axle inductances are specific
Harmonic amplitude at harmonic frequency 10Hz is as reference value, and the high frequency d axle inductances with faulty motor are in particular harmonic frequency 10Hz
The harmonic amplitude at place compares.If threshold value A10The harmonic amplitude gone out for the high frequency d axle inductances of normal motor in 10Hz.Fig. 3 (A) is M2
With M1 comparison, Fig. 3 (B) is M3 and M1 comparison.At Fig. 3 (A), M2 high frequency d axle inductances are at 10Hz3100Amplitude A1
High frequency d axle inductances far above M1 are at 10Hz3100Amplitude A10, illustrate that M2 has the bias for exceeding well over normal degree, belong to
Air-gap eccentric fault.And at Fig. 3 (B), M3 high frequency d axle inductances are at 10Hz3200Amplitude A1Then closely M1
High frequency d axle inductances are at 10Hz3200Amplitude A10, only it is higher by A10About 2dB, illustrates that M2 eccentric degree belongs to normal, therefore
Air-gap eccentric fault can be excluded, and the possibility of other failures can then be judged by other methods.
In other multiple embodiments, the frequency for keeping high frequency pulsating voltage is 500Hz, changes high frequency pulsating voltage magnitude
Ui, implement the present invention, the first harmonic of the high frequency d axle inductances obtained to there is the M2 motors of different air gap eccentric degree respectively
Amplitude A1With high frequency pulsating voltage magnitude UiVariation tendency be shown in Fig. 4.It can be seen that, the present invention substantially being capable of linear quantitative air gap
The order of severity of eccentric degree, especially in low UiValue can obtain best effect.
In another embodiment, it is allowed if the motor that dispatches from the factory is prescribed containing no more than 15% air gap eccentric centre,
A can then be relaxed10, such as in Fig. 4, if the amplitude U of high frequency pulsating voltagei=1V, can be by A10It is lifted to 0.15 μ H position
Put4000。
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method for diagnosing magneto air-gap eccentric fault, it is characterised in that methods described includes：
A. in the running of the magneto, high frequency pulsating voltage is injected in the d axles of rotating coordinate system, wherein the rotation
The d axles and permanent magnet d overlapping of axles of coordinate system, calculate high frequency d axle inductances in real time；
B. in the frequency range being determined an in advance F, the particular harmonic of the high frequency d axle inductances is recognized, it is described specific humorous
The frequency of ripple is consistently equal to the mechanical speed of rotor；
C. in the frequency range F being determined in advance, the particular harmonic amplitude A of the high frequency d axle inductances is determined1；
D. the particular harmonic amplitude A of the high frequency d axle inductances is compared1With a threshold value A being determined in advance10, diagnosis described in forever
The air-gap eccentric fault of magneto.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the method for the air-gap eccentric fault of the diagnosis magneto
For：
If the particular harmonic amplitude A of the high frequency d axle inductances1No more than threshold value A10, then judge that the magneto is not present
Air-gap eccentric fault；
If the particular harmonic amplitude A of the high frequency d axle inductances1More than threshold value A10, then judge that the magneto has air gap
Fault of eccentricity.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the amplitude A of the particular harmonic of the high frequency d axle inductances1With gas
The gap bias order of severity is into positive correlation, with the amplitude A of the particular harmonic of the high frequency d axle inductances1Determine air-gap eccentric fault
The order of severity.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710121366.8A CN107015146A (en) | 2017-03-02 | 2017-03-02 | The method for diagnosing magneto air-gap eccentric fault |
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| CN201710121366.8A CN107015146A (en) | 2017-03-02 | 2017-03-02 | The method for diagnosing magneto air-gap eccentric fault |
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| CN109814030A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-05-28 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of diagnostic method of synchronous generator rotor air gap dynamic fault of eccentricity |
| CN110501640A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-11-26 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | A method of it is static eccentric directly to test detection magneto based on air-gap field |
| CN114157214A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-03-08 | 华中科技大学 | Eccentric fault detection and air gap flux density compensation method for multi-module synchronous motor |
| CN114460465A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-05-10 | 华中科技大学 | Method and system for judging eccentric fault of permanent magnet motor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109814030A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-05-28 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of diagnostic method of synchronous generator rotor air gap dynamic fault of eccentricity |
| CN110501640A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-11-26 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | A method of it is static eccentric directly to test detection magneto based on air-gap field |
| CN114157214A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-03-08 | 华中科技大学 | Eccentric fault detection and air gap flux density compensation method for multi-module synchronous motor |
| CN114157214B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-10-27 | 华中科技大学 | Eccentric fault detection and air gap flux density compensation method for multi-module synchronous motor |
| CN114460465A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-05-10 | 华中科技大学 | Method and system for judging eccentric fault of permanent magnet motor |
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