CN107009894A - 用于车辆的驱动*** - Google Patents

用于车辆的驱动*** Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107009894A
CN107009894A CN201611010023.6A CN201611010023A CN107009894A CN 107009894 A CN107009894 A CN 107009894A CN 201611010023 A CN201611010023 A CN 201611010023A CN 107009894 A CN107009894 A CN 107009894A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
engine
clutch
torque
power
converters
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN201611010023.6A
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English (en)
Inventor
柳田朋亮
伊藤良雄
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Toyota Motor Corp filed Critical Toyota Motor Corp
Publication of CN107009894A publication Critical patent/CN107009894A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/28—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or type of power take-off
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
    • B60K25/06—Auxiliary drives from the transmission power take-off
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/543—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2054—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed by controlling transmissions or clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B60W10/024—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches including control of torque converters
    • B60W10/026—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches including control of torque converters of lock-up clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18072—Coasting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/06—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H48/10—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion with orbital spur gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K2006/381—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches characterized by driveline brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)
  • Control Of Fluid Gearings (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于车辆的驱动***，该驱动***包括：发动机；变矩器，该变矩器从发动机接收动力；输出轴，该输出轴将从变矩器传输的扭矩传输至驱动轮；电动发电机，该电动发电机能够将动力传输至输出轴；和第一离合器，该第一离合器被设置在发动机与变矩器之间并且被构造成允许或中断发动机与变矩器之间的动力传输。

Description

用于车辆的驱动***
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于车辆的驱动***。
背景技术
日本专利申请公布No.2011-231844(JP 2011-231844 A)描述了其中电动发电机(MG)被设置作为辅助装置的构造。JP 2011-231844 A描述了其中MG起动发动机或MG通过将切换制动器改变至制动状态并且将驱动轮侧离合器改变至接合状态来驱动车辆的构造。
发明内容
当处于停止状态下的发动机由MG的动力驱动时，MG被驱动并且发动机断开离合器在发动机停止的状态下从释放状态改变至半接合状态。然而，在其中变矩器被布置在动力被从MG传输至发动机的路径中的发动机侧上，即，在发动机断开离合器的下游侧上的车辆驱动***中，当处于停止状态的发动机通过MG的动力起动时，MG不仅需要增加发动机的转速而且需要增加变矩器的转速。
在这种情况下，为了改进发动机断开离合器的耐久性，发动机断开离合器的扭矩容量需要增加。也就是说，为了通过改进发动机断开离合器的耐久性来保护发动机断开离合器，离合器的接合元件的数目需要增加或离合器的大小需要增加。
本发明提供了一种用于车辆的驱动***，该驱动***能够减小当发动机通过电动发电机起动时作用于发动机断开离合器上的扭矩，并且能够防止或减小接合元件的数目的增加或发动机断开离合器的大小的增加。
本发明的示例方面提供了一种用于车辆的驱动***，该车辆包括驱动轮。该驱动***包括：发动机；变矩器，该变矩器被构造成从发动机接收动力；输出轴，该输出轴被构造成将从变矩器传输的动力传输至驱动轮；电动发电机，该电动发电机被构造成将动力传输至输出轴；和第一离合器，该第一离合器被设置在发动机与变矩器之间，该第一离合器被构造成允许和中断发动机与变矩器之间的动力传输。
驱动***可以进一步包括第二离合器。该第二离合器可以设置在电动发电机与输出轴之间。该第二离合器可以被构造成允许和中断电动发电机与输出轴之间的动力传输。
利用这种构造，因为电动发电机被允许从输出轴断开，所以可以通过在惯性滑行期间将第二离合器设定在释放状态下来减小输出轴上的负载。
在驱动***中，发动机可以被构造成将动力传输至电动发电机。
利用这种构造，因为可以通过使用发动机的驱动力来驱动电动发电机，所以可以促使电动发电机发电。
驱动***可以进一步包括设置在发动机与电动发电机之间的单向离合器。该单向离合器可以被构造成允许从发动机到电动发电机的动力传输并且阻断从电动发电机到发动机的动力传输。
利用这种构造，因为可以通过使用单向离合器中断从电动发电机到发动机的动力传输，所以可以避免电动发电机到发动机的动力的直接传输。
驱动***可以进一步包括电子控制单元。电子控制单元可以被构造成在车辆在发动机停止并且第一离合器处于释放状态的状态下惯性滑行的同时发动机重新起动时，执行用于通过滑移接合第一离合器并且驱动电动发电机来增加发动机的转速的控制。
利用这种构造，因为在从惯性滑行恢复时再起动发动机时可以将由输出轴的旋转引起的扭矩传输至发动机，所以可以增加发动机的转速。
在驱动***中，变矩器可以包括闭锁离合器。电子控制单元可以被构造成当车辆开始惯性滑行时，执行用于在闭锁离合器处于释放状态时接合闭锁离合器的控制。
利用这种构造，因为通过接合闭锁离合器可以防止或减小泵与变矩器中的涡轮之间的差异旋转的产生，并且在车辆惯性滑行的同时可以促使变矩器旋转，所以在再起动发动机时可以将输出轴的扭矩有效地传输至发动机。
在驱动***中，电子控制单元可以被构造成当发动机的转速变得高于在执行用于增加发动机的转速的控制之后发动机能够自主运转的转速时，执行用于释放第一离合器的控制。
利用这种构造，在发动机能够自主运转之后，可以将电动发电机的扭矩迅速传输至输出轴和驱动轮。
利用驱动***，在将动力从电动发电机传输至发动机的路径中，第一离合器位于变矩器的下游，因此，当通过电动发电机起动发动机时，可以减小作用在所接合的第一离合器上的扭矩，其结果是，可以防止第一离合器的大小的增加。
附图说明
下面将参照附图描述本发明的示例性实施例的特征、优点以及技术和工业意义，其中相似的附图标记表示相似的元件，并且其中：
图1是示出包括根据实施例的车辆驱动***的车辆的构造的概略视图；
图2是示出根据该实施例的用于车辆驱动***的控制方法的流程图；
图3是用于示出根据该实施例的用于车辆驱动***的控制方法的时间图；
图4是示出对应于图1的车辆驱动***的示意构造的视图；
图5是示出根据相当的实施例的车辆驱动***的示意构造的视图；
图6是示出根据该实施例的第一替代实施例的车辆驱动***的示意构造的视图；以及
图7是示出根据该实施例的第二替代实施例的车辆驱动***的示意构造的视图。
具体实施方式
在下文中，将参考附图描述实施例。在该实施例的所有附图中，相似的附图标记指示相同或相应的部分。本公开不受到将在下文中描述的实施例的限制。
将描述包括根据该实施例的车辆驱动***的车辆的构造。图1示出包括根据该实施例的车辆驱动***的车辆的示意构造。
如图1所示，根据该实施例的车辆驱动***1被安装在车辆Ve上。车辆Ve包括驱动机构9、电子控制单元(ECU)10和电动油泵(EOP)18。驱动机构9包括发动机2、第一离合器(发动机断开离合器)3、变矩器4、传动机构5、减速差动机构6、电动发电机(MG)7、第一动力传输单元36(第一动力传输路径)和第二动力传输单元37(第二动力传输路径)。
来自发动机2的动力输出经由第一离合器3和变矩器4被输入至传动机构5，并且从传动机构5经由减速差动机构6被传输至驱动轮20(在图1中未示出)。动力传输路径被设置在发动机2与驱动轮20之间。
发动机2是车辆Ve的动力源，并且能够将燃料的燃烧能量转换成曲轴(输出轴)11的旋转运动，然后输出该旋转运动。当起动发动机2时，发动机2例如通过MG 7发动。
第一离合器3被布置在发动机2与变矩器4之间的动力传输路径中。第一离合器3被构造成能够允许或中断发动机2与变矩器4之间的动力传输。更具体地，第一离合器3被布置在发动机2的曲轴11与变矩器4的输入轴之间。第一离合器3是例如摩擦接合离合器装置。当使第一离合器3处于接合状态下时，发动机2与变矩器4之间的动力传输被允许，因此发动机2被连接到动力传输路径。另一方面，当使第一离合器3处于释放状态下时，发动机2与变矩器4之间的动力传输被中断，因此发动机2从动力传输路径断开。
变矩器4是将从发动机2输出的动力经由液压流体(液压油)传输的流体传动装置。变矩器4被布置在第一离合器3与传动机构5之间的动力传输路径中。变矩器4包括泵叶轮4a、涡轮流槽4b和定子4c。泵叶轮4a被连接到发动机2的曲轴11，并且是来自发动机2的动力被输入到的输入构件。涡轮流槽4b被连接到传动机构5的输入轴12，并且是输出从发动机2输入的动力的输出构件。传动机构5的输入轴12用作输出轴，其将从变矩器4传输的动力传输至驱动轮20。定子4c包括单向离合器，并且具有扭矩放大功能。
变矩器4包括闭锁离合器13。当使闭锁离合器13处于释放状态下时，变矩器4在使用泵叶轮4a和涡轮流槽4b的情况下经由液压油传输动力。泵叶轮4a被连接到发动机2的曲轴11。涡轮流槽4b被连接到传动机构5的输入轴12。另一方面，当使闭锁离合器13处于接合状态下时，泵叶轮4a和涡轮流槽4b被直接联接到彼此，因此变矩器4在使用曲轴11和输入轴12的情况下不经由液压流体直接传输动力。
在对被供应到变矩器4的液压油的液压压力的控制下，闭锁离合器13被接合或被释放。被供应到变矩器4的液压油的液压压力受到锁定控制电路(未示出)的控制。响应于来自ECU 10的控制指令，锁定控制电路能够联接闭锁离合器13。
传动机构5具有经由变矩器4变换从发动机2输出的动力的速度的功能。传动机构5被布置在变矩器4与减速差动机构6之间的动力传输路径中。在该实施例中，传动机构5特别地为带型无级变速器(CVT)。传动机构5包括发动机2侧主滑轮14、驱动轮侧次滑轮15和金属带16。金属带16缠绕主滑轮14和次滑轮15以便横跨在主滑轮14与次滑轮15之间，并且传输动力。传动机构5响应于来自ECU 10的控制指令根据需要控制离合器C1和制动器B1中的每一个的接合/释放状态，并且通过改变主滑轮14的V槽宽度和次滑轮15的V槽宽度来改变金属带16的缠绕直径。因此，传动机构5改变其速度比(档位)。根据所选择的速度比，传动机构5变换输入到输入轴12的动力的速度，并且朝驱动轮20输出动力。
上文描述的第一离合器3、变矩器4的闭锁离合器13和传动机构5(滑轮14、15、离合器C1和制动器B1)的操作受到由液压控制器(未示出)供应的液压油的液压压力的控制。响应于来自ECU 10的控制指令，液压控制器能够通过调节被供应至单元的液压压力来控制接合状态与释放状态之间的改变以及接合状态的程度。
减速差动机构6被布置在传动机构5与驱动轮20之间的动力传输路径中。减速差动机构6包括减速机构6a和差动机构6b，减速机构6a和差动机构6b中的每一个都由齿轮的组合形成。从传动机构5输入的旋转通过减速差动机构6减速，并且进一步被分配到左右驱动轮20。
机械油泵(MOP)17和EOP 18每个都是将液压油的液压压力供应至第一离合器3、变矩器4的闭锁离合器13和传动机构5(滑轮14、15、离合器C1和制动器B1)的液压供应源。MOP17由通过驱动机构9从发动机2或驱动轮20经由MG 7传输的动力驱动。EOP 18是由通过电力运转的诸如马达的动力源驱动的液压泵。
驱动机构9是用于将动力传输到MG 7的装置。驱动机构9包括传动轴31、单向离合器32、滑轮33a、第二离合器(电动发电机断开离合器)33b、第一链轮34、第二链轮35、第一动力传输单元36和第二动力传输单元37。
传动轴31被联接到MG 7的旋转轴以便能一体地旋转。传动轴31能够传输动力至MG7。传动轴31被设置成在轴向方向上延伸跨越MG7的旋转轴的两侧。
单向离合器32被设置在传动轴31的一端处。单向离合器32包括内环32a和外环32b。当内环32a的转速小于外环32b的转速时，内环32a和外环32b一体地旋转。当内环32a的转速高于或等于外环32b的转速时，内环32a和外环32b单独地旋转。单向离合器32的内环32a被固定到传动轴31以便能一体地旋转。
第二离合器33b被设置在传动轴31的另一端处。第二离合器33b通过传动轴31在MG7和传动机构5的输入轴12之间传输或中断动力。也就是，MG 7被构造成能够将动力传输至输入轴12。当使第二离合器33b处于接合状态下时，动力在MG 7和传动机构5的输入轴12之间传输。当使第二离合器33b处于释放状态下时，动力在MG 7和传动机构5的输入轴12之间中断。
第一链轮34被固定到发动机2的曲轴11以便能一体地旋转。也就是说，第一链轮34被布置在发动机2与第一离合器3之间的第一动力传输路径中。
第二链轮35被固定到传动机构5的输入轴12以便能一体地旋转。也就是说，第二链轮35被布置在变矩器4与传动机构5之间的第二动力传输路径中。
第一动力传输单元36在单向离合器32的外环32b与第一链轮34之间传输动力。缠绕单向离合器32的外环32b和第一链轮34的链期望地被应用作为第一动力传输单元36；然而，第一动力传输单元36并不限于链。例如，另外的元件，诸如齿轮系，可以被应用作为第一动力传输单元36。因此，第一动力传输单元36被构造成能够将来自发动机2的动力通过第一动力传输路径经由单向离合器32传输至MG 7。
第二动力传输单元37在第二离合器33b和第二链轮35之间传输动力。缠绕第二链轮35和联接到第二离合器33b的滑轮33a的链期望地被应用作为第二动力传输单元37；然而，第二动力传输单元37并不限于链。例如，另外的元件，诸如齿轮系，可以被应用作为第二动力传输单元37。第二动力传输单元37将来自驱动轮20的动力通过第二动力传输路径经由滑轮33a和接合的第二离合器33b传输至MG 7。因此，MG 7等允许从驱动轮20侧被驱动。
在包括用于MG 7的两个动力传输路径，即，第一动力传输单元36和第二动力传输单元37的所谓的双向机构中，第一动力传输单元36的传动比irf大于第二动力传输单元37的传动比irr。
在驱动机构9中，第一链轮34、第一动力传输单元36和单向离合器32构成第一驱动路径，该第一驱动路径将发动机2的曲轴11与MG 7的传动轴31连接。在该第一驱动路径中，由于单向离合器32的功能，允许从发动机2的曲轴11到MG 7的传动轴31的动力传输，并且从传动轴31到曲轴11的动力传输被阻断(也就是说，单向离合器32空转)。
在驱动机构9中，第二链轮35、第二动力传输单元37、滑轮33a和第二离合器33b构成第二驱动路径，该第二驱动路径将传动机构5的输入轴12与MG 7的传动轴31连接。在该第二驱动路径中，由于第二离合器33b的功能，动力在传动机构5的输入轴12与MG 7的传动轴31之间传输或中断。
充当控制单元的ECU 10在物理上是电子控制单元，其主要由包括中央处理器、随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存贮器(ROM)、接口等的已知的微型计算机形成。通过将保存在ROM中的应用程序加载到RAM上并且在CPU上执行应用程序并且读取RAM或ROM中的数据并且将数据写到RAM，上文描述的ECU 10的每个功能通过促使车辆Ve中的各种装置在CPU的控制下操作而实施。
ECU 10基于发动机2的驾驶员操作状态和发动机2的运转状态控制车辆Ve的单元，诸如发动机、第一离合器3、变矩器4和传动机构5。因此，ECU 10总体上控制车辆Ve的行驶。ECU 10通过控制车辆Ve的单元来执行自由运行控制。
在自由运行控制中，为了改善燃料经济性，在车辆Ve正在行驶的同时发动机2自主停止，并且然后促使车辆Ve惯性滑行。在自由运行控制中，为了防止由于停止发动机2而引起的震动的传输，第一离合器3在停止发动机2时被释放。换言之，自由运行意味着，在车辆Ve正在行驶的同时，发动机2和传动机构5之间的动力传输通过释放第一离合器3而中断，并且在发动机2停止的状态下促使车辆Ve惯性滑行。在该自由运行控制中，因为发动机2中的燃料消耗停止，因此可以改善燃料经济性。
当在车辆Ve正在行驶的同时满足发动机自主停止条件(例如，加速器处于断开状态并且制动器处于断开状态的状态等)时，ECU 10通过释放第一离合器3并且自主停止发动机2来执行自由运行控制。当ECU 10自主停止发动机2时，ECU 10停止燃料至发动机2的供应以及燃料的点燃。当在自由运行控制正在被执行的同时满足发动机自主起动条件(例如，通过驾驶员压下加速器踏板等)时，ECU 10通过接合第一离合器3并且起动发动机2从自由运行恢复。
接着，将描述根据本发明的实施例的自由运行控制。图2是示出根据该实施例的自由运行控制的示例的流程图。图3是示出根据该实施例的车辆Ve的行驶状态的时间图。在车辆Ve被控制到正常行驶状态的状态下，ECU 10执行图2所示的控制流程图。在正常行驶状态下，通过将第一离合器3设定在接合状态下，通过发动机2的动力促使车辆Ve向前行驶。
在步骤ST1中，在车辆Ve正在正常行驶的同时，ECU 10判定是否满足自由运行开始条件。自由运行开始条件是用于促使车辆Ve开始自由运行(惯性滑行)的条件。自由运行开始条件可以包括各种条件，诸如，在驾驶员的加速器操作断开同时车辆Ve正在高于或等于预定车速VM的车速V下向前行驶的条件；已经检测到驾驶员的制动器操作断开的条件；和变速器的油温落入预定条件内的条件。
在步骤ST1中，在满足自由运行开始条件之前(在步骤ST1中为否)，ECU 10执行判定过程。当满足自由运行开始条件时(在步骤ST1中为是)，过程前进到步骤ST2。在步骤ST2中，ECU 10判定变矩器4的闭锁离合器13是否处于接通状态。当ECU 10判定闭锁离合器13处于断开状态，即，释放状态(在步骤ST2中为否)时，过程前进到步骤ST3。在步骤ST3中，ECU10控制闭锁离合器13，使得闭锁离合器13被接合。之后，过程前进到步骤ST4。在步骤ST2中，当ECU 10判定闭锁离合器13处于接通状态，即，接合状态(步骤ST2中为是)时，过程前进到步骤ST4。
在步骤ST4中，在ECU 10执行用于释放第一离合器3的控制之后，过程前进到步骤ST5。在步骤ST5中，ECU 10例如停止将燃料至发动机2的供应以及燃料的点燃，因此停止发动机2。结果，车辆Ve进入自由运行状态。在步骤ST4中，第二离合器33b期望地处于接合状态下；然而，第二离合器33b可能处于释放状态下。
如图3中所示，在自由运行期间，车辆速度V可以逐渐减小。在这种情况下，变矩器4的泵叶轮4a的转速也逐渐减小。在车辆Ve处于自由运行状态的同时，过程前进到图2所示的步骤ST6。
在步骤ST6中，ECU 10判定是否满足从自由运行状态恢复到正常行驶状态的条件(自由运行恢复条件)。自由运行恢复条件包括加速器处于接通状态的情况和制动器处于接通状态的情况。加速器处于接通状态的情况是驾驶员已经压下加速器踏板的状态并且是加速器操作量大于零的状态。制动器处于接通状态的情况是驾驶员已经压下制动踏板的状态并且是制动器压下力或制动器行程量大于零的状态。自由运行恢复条件可以包括消耗电力、电池的电荷状态(SOC)、变速器的油温等。这些是基于***请求的自由运行恢复指令。在步骤ST5和步骤ST6中的自由运行期间，如图3中所示，第一离合器3保持释放状态，并且被供应至第一离合器3的液压压力被保持在不提供任何行程的液压压力下。
之后，当ECU 10判定满足自由运行恢复条件(在步骤ST6中为是)时，过程前进到图2所示的步骤ST7。另一方面，当不满足自由运行恢复条件(在步骤ST6中为否)时，ECU 10恢复到步骤ST5，并且重复步骤ST5和步骤ST6的过程。
随着过程前进到步骤ST7，ECU 10执行用于滑移接合第一离合器3的控制。因此，旋转驱动力从驱动轮20传输至发动机2，并且实施所谓的推动起动。同时，ECU 10促使MG 7实施动力运行。MG 7输出要求的扭矩以增加发动机2的转速。当在自由运行状态下第二离合器33b处于释放状态下时，ECU 10执行用于接合第二离合器33b的控制。
在步骤ST7的过程中，如在从图3中所示的恢复过渡部分处的恢复指令到发动机2的自主运转(图3中的发动机自主运转)(时间T1至时间T2)的情况下，ECU 10控制液压回路使得预定液压压力被供应到第一离合器3(图3中的交替长短虚线，指令压力Pm)。被供应到第一离合器3的实际液压压力以略微延迟的方式增加，如由实际压力P1所指示(图3中的宽实线)。ECU 10计算第一离合器3的扭矩，并且促使MG 7通过动力运行输出扭矩。随着第一离合器3被滑移接合并且扭矩从MG 7传输至发动机2，发动机2的转速(图3中的窄实线)逐渐增加。在图3中的发动机起动的区间(时间T1至时间T2)中，发动机2被起动以便自主运行。之后，过程前进到图2所示的步骤ST8。
在步骤ST8中，ECU 10判定发动机2的转速是否高于发动机2能够自主运转的转速(发动机自主运转判定转速Ne0)。当ECU 10判定发动机2的转速高于发动机自主运转判定转速Ne0(在步骤ST8中为是)时，过程前进到步骤ST9。自主运转是在发动机2的每个气缸中发生燃烧并且发动机2自主燃烧燃料的自主可旋转状态。另一方面，当ECU 10判定发动机2的转速小于或等于发动机自主运转判定转速Ne0(在步骤ST8中为否)时，ECU 10恢复至步骤ST7。ECU 10重复步骤ST7和步骤ST8的过程，直至ECU 10判定发动机2的转速高于发动机自主运转判定转速Ne0为止。
随着过程前进到步骤ST9，ECU 10执行用于释放第一离合器3的控制。在步骤ST9的过程中，如在图3中的(从时间T2开始)恢复过渡中的发动机2的自主运转开始之后的情况下，ECU 10将供应到第一离合器3的液压压力(接合液压压力)控制成用于保持释放状态的液压压力(备用压力)(图3中的交替长短虚线，指令压力Pm)。被供应到第一离合器3的实际液压压力以略微延迟的方式减小至备用压力，如由实际压力P1所指示的(图3中的宽实线)。随着第一离合器3被释放，驱动轮20的驱动力受到MG 7的动力运行辅助。
这是因为，当在发动机2的转速是发动机2能够自主运转的转速的状态下，第一离合器3被保持在接合状态下时，MG 7的扭矩的被用来增加发动机2的转速。也就是，当发动机2的转速是发动机2能够自主运转的转速时，可以以高响应通过释放第一离合器3将MG 7的扭矩传输至驱动轮20。
在步骤ST9的过程之后，过程前进到图2所示的步骤ST10。在步骤ST10中，ECU 10判定转发动机2的转速Ne和变矩器4的泵叶轮4a的转速Np之间的转速差ΔN(＝Np-Ne)是否小于预定转速差(同步控制允许转速差ΔN0)，在预定转速差或以下时，判定旋转同步控制被允许开始。考虑实际压力P1(图3中的宽实线)对发动机2的转速Ne的增长率和第一离合器3中的液压压力的指令压力Pm(图3中的交替长短虚线)的响应来设定同步控制允许转速差ΔN0。
在步骤ST10中，当ECU 10判定发动机2的转速Ne与泵叶轮4a的转速Np之间的转速差ΔN小于同步控制允许转速差ΔN0(ΔN<ΔN0)(在步骤ST10中为是)时，过程前进到步骤ST11。另一方面，当ECU10判定转速差ΔN大于或等于同步控制允许转速差ΔN0(ΔN≥ΔN0)(在步骤ST10中为否)时，过程恢复至步骤ST9。ECU 10重复步骤ST9和步骤ST10的过程，直至ECU 10判定转速差ΔN小于同步控制允许转速差ΔN0为止。
在步骤ST11中，ECU 10执行用于接合第一离合器3的控制。在步骤ST11的过程中，如在图3中所示的恢复过渡的时间段内在从开始旋转同步控制到完成旋转同步(时间T3至时间T4)的情况下，ECU 10控制液压回路，使得预定液压压力被供应到第一离合器3(图3中的交替长短虚线，指令压力)。被供应到第一离合器3的实际液压压力以略微延迟的方式增加，如由图3中的宽实线(实际压力)所指示的。如上所述，考虑发动机2的转速Ne的增长率和第一离合器3中液压压力的响应来设定同步控制允许转速差ΔN0。由于这个原因，到第一离合器3完全处于接合状态下时，发动机2的转速Ne和泵叶轮4a的转速Np大致彼此一致。因此，在第一离合器3中的接合元件的转速也大致彼此一致，因此可以防止或减小第一离合器3的接合震动，并且可以防止或减小所谓的拉入感觉。之后，过程前进到图2中所示的步骤ST12。
在步骤ST12中，ECU 10执行用于停止MG 7的扭矩的输出的控制。在步骤ST12的过程中，如在图3中的正常行驶(从时间T4开始)的部分处所示，ECU 10将从MG 7输出的扭矩设定为零。在这种情况下，车辆Ve恢复至正常行驶，并且MG 7通过发动机2被再生驱动以起到发电机的作用。如上所述，在车辆Ve在ECU 10的控制下从自由运行恢复至正常行驶时，控制例程结束。
图4是示意性地示出图1中所示的车辆驱动***1的特征部分的示意图。图5是示意性地示出根据比较性实施例的车辆驱动***100的示意图。
如图5中所示，在根据比较性实施例的车辆驱动***100中，第一离合器3被布置在传动机构5与变矩器4之间。在车辆Ve处于自由运行状态下的同时，驱动轮20、传动机构5、输入轴12、第二动力传输单元37、MG 7等(由图5中的虚线包围)被驱动。另一方面，在车辆Ve从自由运行恢复时，通过在车辆驱动***100中将第一离合器3设定在接合状态下，来自驱动轮20的动力以及MG 7的动力被传输至发动机2，因此再起动发动机2。MG 7的动力经第二动力传输单元37、第一离合器3和变矩器4被传输至发动机2。结果，在再起动发动机2时，不仅用于驱动发动机2的扭矩而且用于增加变矩器4的转速的扭矩作用在第一离合器3上，因此被分配给第一离合器3的扭矩容量也增加。
随着作用在第一离合器3上的扭矩增加，需要诸如增加作为接合元件的离合器板的数目以及增加第一离合器3的大小的措施以便确保热阻。关于该措施，一种方法是将连接到发动机2侧上的MG 7的单向离合器32替换为普通摩擦接合离合器或犬齿式离合器。然而，该方法导致成本的显著增加。此外，交换单向离合器32和第二离合器33b的方法也是可想象的。然而，利用该方法，当作为驾驶员压下加速器的结果，车辆Ve从自由运行恢复时，在通过使用MG 7再起动发动机2时，难以将来自MG 7的扭矩立即传输至输入轴12。
相反，在根据图4所示的上文描述的实施例的车辆驱动***1的情况下，第一离合器3被布置在发动机2与变矩器4之间的第一动力传输路径中。在车辆Ve处于自由运行状态下的同时，闭锁离合器13处于接合状态下，因此，除了驱动轮20、传动机构5、输入轴12、第二动力传输单元37、MG 7等，变矩器4(由图4中的虚线包围)被驱动。在车辆Ve从自由运行恢复时，通过在车辆驱动***1中将第一离合器3设定在滑移接合状态下，MG 7的动力被传输至发动机2，因此再起动发动机2。在这种情况下，来自MG 7的动力经由第二动力传输单元37、变矩器4(其中闭锁离合器13处于接合状态下)和第一离合器3被传输至发动机2。也就是说，在通过使用MG 7再起动发动机2时，用于增加变矩器4的旋转的扭矩不作用在第一离合器3上。因此，在再起动发动机2时作用在第一离合器3上的扭矩与比较性实施例相比减小。
当作用在第一离合器3上的扭矩减小时，可以减小作为接合元件的离合器板的数目，因此可以减小第一离合器3的大小。因为可以减小通过MG 7增加的惯性，所以可以改善再起动发动机2中的响应。在从自由运行恢复时，MOP 17以低转速旋转。当MOP 17以低转速旋转时，从MOP 17排放的液压油的流率变得比在车辆Ve中要求的液压油的流率小，因此，流率的这种不足通过驱动EOP 18来补偿。在该实施例中，再起动发动机2要求的扭矩减小，因此可以也减小液压油的要求液压压力。结果，可以减小EOP 18的电力消耗量。
接着，将描述上文描述的实施例的替代实施例。图6是示出根据第一替代实施例的车辆驱动***的示意图。如图6中所示，在根据第一替代实施例的车辆驱动***1A中，辅助装置19安装在与MG 7和MOP 17的轴线平行的轴线上。例如，空调器压缩机、制动器负压产生装置(真空泵)、动力转向泵等可以被应用作为辅助装置19。当辅助装置19如上文所描述的那样被安装时，可以确保甚至在自由运行期间车辆Ve的实施。另一个构造类似于根据该实施例的车辆驱动***1。
图7是示出根据第二替代实施例的车辆驱动***的示意图。如图7所示，在根据第二替代实施例的车辆驱动***1B中，与第一替代实施例的辅助装置类似的辅助装置19安装在与MG 7的轴线平行的轴线上。MOP 17被联接到第一离合器3与变矩器4之间的轴。利用这种构造，可以甚至在自由运行期间驱动MOP 17。另一个构造类似于根据该实施例的车辆驱动***1。
具体地描述了该实施例；但是，本发明并不限于上文描述的实施例。基于本发明的技术构思的各种变型是适用的。例如，上文描述的实施例中的数值仅是说明性的，并且可以根据需要使用不同于那些数值的数值。
车辆驱动***1的传动机构5并不限于带型CVT。只要车辆包括变矩器，就可以采用各种类型作为传动机构5。具体地，例如，可以采用响应于车辆Ve的行驶状态改变档位的步进自动变速器(AT)。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于车辆的驱动***，所述车辆包括驱动轮，所述驱动***的特征在于包括：
发动机；
变矩器，所述变矩器被构造成从所述发动机接收动力；
输出轴，所述输出轴被构造成将从所述变矩器传输的动力传输至所述驱动轮；
电动发电机，所述电动发电机被构造成将动力传输至所述输出轴；和
第一离合器，所述第一离合器被设置在所述发动机和所述变矩器之间，所述第一离合器被构造成允许和中断所述发动机和所述变矩器之间的动力传输。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驱动***，其特征在于进一步包括：
第二离合器，所述第二离合器被设置在所述电动发电机和所述输出轴之间，所述第二离合器被构造成允许和中断所述电动发电机和所述输出轴之间的动力传输。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的驱动***，其特征在于：
所述发动机被构造成将动力传输至所述电动发电机。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的驱动***，其特征在于进一步包括：
单向离合器，所述单向离合器被设置在所述发动机和所述电动发电机之间，
所述单向离合器被构造成允许从所述发动机至所述电动发电机的动力传输以及阻断从所述电动发电机至所述发动机的动力传输。
5.根据权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的驱动***，其特征在于进一步包括：
电子控制单元，所述电子控制单元被构造成在所述车辆在所述发动机停止并且所述第一离合器处于释放状态的状态下惯性滑行的同时所述发动机被再起动时，执行用于通过滑移接合所述第一离合器并且驱动所述电动发电机来增加所述发动机的转速的控制。
6.根据权利要求5所述的驱动***，其特征在于：
所述变矩器包括闭锁离合器，并且
所述电子控制单元被构造成在所述车辆开始惯性滑行时，执行用于在所述闭锁离合器处于释放状态时接合所述闭锁离合器的控制。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的驱动***，其特征在于：
所述电子控制单元被构造成当所述发动机的转速变得高于在执行用于增加所述发动机的转速的控制之后所述发动机能够自主运行的转速时，执行用于释放所述第一离合器的控制。
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