CN107008409A - 臭氧非均相氧化固体催化剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
臭氧非均相氧化固体催化剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107008409A CN107008409A CN201710275761.1A CN201710275761A CN107008409A CN 107008409 A CN107008409 A CN 107008409A CN 201710275761 A CN201710275761 A CN 201710275761A CN 107008409 A CN107008409 A CN 107008409A
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- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- -1 alkyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- LWXVCCOAQYNXNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Li+].Cl[O-] LWXVCCOAQYNXNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- GYZGFUUDAQXRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium;disodium;disulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GYZGFUUDAQXRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- BYDILAVGJRCJOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.[Y+3] Chemical class O.O.[Y+3] BYDILAVGJRCJOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052675 erionite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000000858 thiocyanato group Chemical group *SC#N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- QAMFBRUWYYMMGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoroacetylacetone Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)CC(=O)C(F)(F)F QAMFBRUWYYMMGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229940009662 edetate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- BENADMAVJUZZBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].C(C)(C)[Sc+2] Chemical compound [O-2].C(C)(C)[Sc+2] BENADMAVJUZZBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ITZXULOAYIAYNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(4+) Chemical compound [Ce+4] ITZXULOAYIAYNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VSIRWAYMNHKLOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [V].C(C1=CC=NC=C1)(=O)NN=C(C(=O)O)C Chemical compound [V].C(C1=CC=NC=C1)(=O)NN=C(C(=O)O)C VSIRWAYMNHKLOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- ZGGPNDKKJIWQJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(pyridine-4-carbonylhydrazinylidene)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)=NNC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 ZGGPNDKKJIWQJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052773 Promethium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
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- 125000003698 tetramethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract 1
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- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007210 heterogeneous catalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium oxide Chemical compound O=[Sc]O[Sc]=O HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NAOLWIGVYRIGTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1 NAOLWIGVYRIGTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTABHYSLUVGCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(=O)C.C(C)(=O)F Chemical compound CC(=O)C.C(C)(=O)F JTABHYSLUVGCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004835 Na2B4O7 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetone Substances CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940048820 edetates Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IWZKICVEHNUQTL-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogen phthalate Chemical compound [K+].OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O IWZKICVEHNUQTL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
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- VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N promethium atom Chemical compound [Pm] VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003870 salicylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- DTMHTVJOHYTUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiocyanogen Chemical compound N#CSSC#N DTMHTVJOHYTUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种臭氧非均相氧化固体催化剂的制备方法,属环保和化工催化剂技术领域。用毛沸石、石榴石、麦饭石、硅灰石、萤石和钙芒硝作载体经次氯酸锂和双(乙酰丙酮)铍扩孔后,加入表面活性剂氯化十二烷基三甲基铵在超声波作用下进行表面活化处理,然后载体在水热反应釜中与复合矿化剂硼砂和硫酸钾,催化活性助剂前驱物异丙氧化钪(III)、三(六氟乙酰丙酮)钇(III)二水合物、四(2,2,6,6‑四甲基‑3,5‑庚二酮酸)铈(IV)、三环戊二烯钷,催化活性中心前驱物普二茂钛环取代水杨酸配合物、丙酮酸异烟酰腙钒、葡萄糖酸钴和二硫氰酸根合银(I)酸钾,在乳化剂双八烷基二甲基氯化铵作用下进行水热反应,烘干除去水分后在马弗炉内灼烧得到臭氧非均相氧化固体催化剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种臭氧非均相氧化固体催化剂的制备方法,属环保和化工催化剂技术领域。
背景技术
臭氧氧化技术利用臭氧氧化能力强的特点,能将许多有机污染物氧化分解,广泛用于废水处理。臭氧催化氧化技术分为臭氧均相催化氧化和臭氧非均相催化氧化,臭氧均相催化氧化存在催化剂较难分离回收重复使用、臭氧利用率低导致水处理运行成本较高,同时有机污染物去除率较低和易造成水体二次污染使其应用受到局限;臭氧非均相催化氧化技术具有催化剂易于分离回收并可重复使用、臭氧利用率高、有机污染物去除率较高,降低了水处理运行成本和不会造成二次污染等优点使其应用受到广泛关注。臭氧非均相催化氧化有机物分解是经过催化剂表面吸附有机物达到局部有机物富集,同时臭氧分子吸附在催化剂表面在催化剂作用下产生高活性的羟基自由基使有机物分解。臭氧非均相催化氧化处理废水技术中,核心技术是臭氧非均相氧化固体催化剂的制备。
臭氧非均相氧化固体催化剂通常由载体、活性中心和助剂组成。由于废水中污染物种类繁多、化学成分复杂的特征,会对催化剂的使用性能如吸附、抗毒性产生不良影响。目前制备臭氧非均相氧化固体催化剂使用的载体结构较单一,吸附性较低;活性中心普遍采用普通过渡金属盐,抗毒性较差;制备方法主要有浸渍法、沉淀法、混合法及溶胶凝胶等方法附着活性中心和助剂组分于载体表面,活性中心和助剂组分容易熔析出,导致催化剂容易失去催化活性。针对目前臭氧非均相氧化固体催化剂制备方法中存在催化剂吸附性较低、抗毒性较差和容易失去催化活性问题,开发采用多组分多孔载体经扩孔、表面活化增强催化剂吸附性,使用稀土金属有机化合物作催化活性助剂前驱物、普通过渡金属有机化合物和贵金属化合物作催化活性中心前驱物与多组分多孔载体经水热反应、高温灼烧制备含多元金属的臭氧非均相氧化固体催化剂以提高催化剂抗毒性和催化活性的制备方法,具有较大的环境效益和较高的实用价值。
发明内容
针对目前臭氧非均相氧化固体催化剂制备方法中存在催化剂吸附性较低、抗毒性较差和容易失去催化活性问题,开发采用多组分多孔载体经扩孔、表面活化增强催化剂的吸附性,使用稀土金属有机化合物作催化活性助剂前驱物、普通过渡金属有机化合物和贵金属化合物作催化活性中心前驱物与多组分多孔载体经水热反应、高温灼烧制备含多元金属的臭氧非均相氧化固体催化剂以提高催化剂抗毒性和催化活性的制备方法,其特征是在可密闭反应器中加入A组分和去离子水搅拌制备水溶液,控制A组分的重量浓度为2%~6%,溶液制备完成后,在搅拌下加入B组分,升温至35℃~50℃,继续搅拌反应3h~6h,过滤,反应产物在102℃~106℃干燥恒重后得到扩孔改性载体;扩孔改性载体投入超声波反应器,加入由C组分和去离子水配制的水溶液,C组分的重量浓度为3%~8%,搅拌混合均匀,控制超声功率密度为0.3~0.8W/m3、频率20kHz~30kHz、40℃~55℃,超声振荡2h~5h,得到超声表面活化载体混合液;超声表面活化载体混合液转移至水热反应釜中,再加入D组分和去离子水配制的水溶液,D组分的重量浓度为40%~55%,按重量计,D组分去离子水溶液:超声表面活化载体混合液的重量比=1:(1.5~2),控制温度120℃~180℃,水热反应时间为8h~16h,然后烘干得细颗粒物;细颗粒物在马弗炉内,600℃~950℃,灼烧3h~8h,得到臭氧非均相氧化固体催化剂。所述A组分由次氯酸锂、双(乙酰丙酮)铍组成,按重量计,次氯酸锂:双(乙酰丙酮)铍的重量之比=1:(1~1.6),B组分由毛沸石、石榴石、麦饭石、硅灰石、萤石、钙芒硝组成,按重量计,毛沸石:石榴石:麦饭石:硅灰石:萤石:钙芒硝的重量之比=(5~15):(7~17):(9~19):(11~21):(13~23):(15~25),按重量计,A组分:B组分的重量之比=1:(10~20);C组分是氯化十二烷基三甲基铵,按重量计,C组分:扩孔改性载体的重量之比=1:(5~10);D组分由复合矿化剂硼砂、硫酸钾,催化活性助剂前驱物异丙氧化钪(III)、三(六氟乙酰丙酮)钇(III) 二水合物、四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮酸)铈(IV)、三环戊二烯钷稀土金属有机化合物,催化活性中心前驱物普通过渡金属有机化合物二茂钛环取代水杨酸配合物、丙酮酸异烟酰腙钒、葡萄糖酸钴和贵金属化合物二硫氰酸根合银(I)酸钾,乳化剂双八烷基二甲基氯化铵组成,按重量计,硼砂:硫酸钾:异丙氧化钪(III):三(六氟乙酰丙酮)钇(III) 二水合物:四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮酸)铈(IV):三环戊二烯钷:二茂钛环取代水杨酸配合物:丙酮酸异烟酰腙钒:葡萄糖酸钴:二硫氰酸根合银(I)酸钾:双八烷基二甲基氯化铵的重量之比=(4~8):(6~10):(3~6):(4~7):(5~8):(6~9):(10~15):(12~18):(4~7):(6~9):(6~20)。所述B组分中的毛沸石、石榴石、麦饭石、硅灰石、萤石、钙芒硝分别进行粉碎,去离子水洗涤干燥除去水分后,经标准筛进行-200目、+400目筛分,控制粒径为0.0370mm~0.0750 mm。
本发明的技术方法是这样实现的:在可密闭反应器中加入次氯酸锂LiClO、双(乙酰丙酮)铍C10H14BeO4和去离子水搅拌制备水溶液,加入筛分后粒径为0.0370mm~0.0750mm的毛沸石、石榴石、麦饭石、硅灰石、萤石和钙芒硝多孔材料载体,在一定温度和搅拌条件下,水溶液中离子半径小的Be2+(0.31Å)、Li+(0.60Å)置换出多孔材料中部分离子半径大的Ca2+(0.99Å)、K+(1.33Å)、Ba2+(1.35Å)等离子,多孔材料载体的孔径变大、表面粗糙度增加,过滤,干燥恒重后的扩孔改性载体投入超声波反应器,再加入氯化十二烷基三甲基铵[C12H25N(CH3)3] + Cl-水溶液,控制超声功率密度、超声波频率、温度和超声振荡时间,在超声波空化作用下,氯化十二烷基三甲基铵[C12H25N(CH3)3]+Cl-易于从水溶液逸出进入扩孔改性载体孔道或附着在扩孔改性载体表面,有益于载体孔道的相互连通和载体表面活化,增强了吸附性;超声活化完成后,超声表面活化载体混合液转移至水热反应釜中,与硼砂Na2B4O7·10H2O、硫酸钾K2SO4复合矿化剂,催化活性助剂异丙氧化钪(III)C9H21O3Sc、三(六氟乙酰丙酮)钇(III) 二水合物C15H3F18O6Y·2H2O、四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮酸)铈(IV)C22H38CeO4、三环戊二烯钷Pm(C5H5)3稀土金属有机化合物,催化活性中心组分过渡金属有机化合物二茂钛环取代水杨酸配合物(C10H10)Ti(C7H4O3)、丙酮酸异烟酰腙钒[VO2(C9H8N3O5)] (C5H5N)、葡萄糖酸钴C12H22 O14Co和二硫氰酸根合银(I)酸钾K[Ag(SCN)2]贵金属化合物,在乳化剂双八烷基二甲基氯化铵[(C8H17)2N(CH3)2]+ Cl-作用下进行水热反应,矿化剂加速扩散作用、使反应物晶格活化,促进了固相反应的进行,超声表面活化载体与稀土金属有机化合物、普通过渡金属有机化合物、贵金属化合物均匀掺杂,乳化剂双八烷基二甲基氯化铵使反应液形成准稳态的乳液防止了固液分离、沉降,同时对多孔载体进一步表面活化,通过在一定温度、时间的水热反应,烘干得到均匀掺杂的细粉粒物;均匀掺杂的细粉粒物在马弗炉内,经高温灼烧,其中的有机物完全碳化进一步强化了多孔载体的微孔结构,得到多孔载体负载稀土金属氧化物、过渡金属氧化物和贵金属形成的催化活性中心的臭氧非均相氧化固体催化剂,提高了催化剂的抗毒性和催化活性。
相对于现有技术方法,本发明突出优点是制备技术中使用毛沸石、石榴石、麦饭石、硅灰石、萤石和钙芒硝多孔材料作载体,由于次氯酸锂LiClO和双(乙酰丙酮)铍C10H14BeO4的扩孔效应、氯化十二烷基三甲基铵[C12H25N(CH3)3]+Cl-、双八烷基二甲基氯化铵[(C8H17)2N(CH3)2]+ Cl-对孔道的相互连通和表面活化作用;通过水热反应使稀土金属有机化合物、普通过渡金属有机化合物和贵金属化合物达到均匀掺杂并附着于载体表面和孔道内,高温灼烧使有机物完全碳化强化和形成了多层次的微孔结构,多孔载体负载稀土金属氧化物、过渡金属氧化物和贵金属形成的多元金属催化活性中心与多孔载体结合更加牢固,制备的臭氧非均相氧化固体催化剂具有更强的吸附性,多元金属的协同效应、特别是掺杂贵金属具有的稳定性和高活性,可以抑制金属催化活性组分的熔析出,提高了催化剂的抗毒性和催化活性,具有良好的环境效益和经济效益。
具体实施方式
实施例1:1.4g次氯酸锂,1.7g双(乙酰丙酮)铍,140ml去离子水,加入到容积为500ml的可密闭反应器中搅拌混合均匀,该水溶液的重量浓度为2.2%,次氯酸锂:双(乙酰丙酮)铍的重量之比=1:1.2;加入去离子水洗涤至中性、103℃干燥除去水分后过筛-200目~+400目标准筛的2.8g毛沸石、3.8g石榴石、4.7g麦饭石、5.8g硅灰石、6.7g萤石、7.8g钙芒硝,次氯酸锂和双(乙酰丙酮)铍的重量(3.1g):多孔材料的重量(31.6g)=1:10.2,升温至36℃,继续搅拌反应3.2h,过滤,103℃干燥恒重后得到扩孔改性载体30g;在500ml超声波反应器中,投入扩孔改性载体30g,再加入3.3g氯化十二烷基三甲基铵溶于100ml去离子水的水溶液,该水溶液的重量浓度为3.2%,搅拌混合均匀,氯化十二烷基三甲基铵(3.3g):扩孔改性载体(30g )=1:9.1;控制超声功率密度为0.4W/m3、超声波频率21kHz、温度41℃,超声振荡2.2h;超声活化完成后,把超声波反应器中的超声表面活化载体混合液转移至500ml水热反应釜中,再加入由2.1g硼砂、3.1g硫酸钾、1.6g异丙氧化钪(III)、2.1g三(六氟乙酰丙酮)钇(III)二水合物、2.6g四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮酸)铈(IV)、3.1g三环戊二烯钷、5.1g二茂钛环取代水杨酸配合物、6.1g丙酮酸异烟酰腙钒、2g葡萄糖酸钴、3.1g二硫氰酸根合银(I)酸钾、3.1g双八烷基二甲基氯化铵和50ml去离子水配制的水溶液,该水溶液的重量浓度为40.5%,该水溶液的重量:超声表面活化载体混合液的重量=84g:133.3g=1:1.6,控制温度125℃,水热反应时间为8.3h,然后105℃烘干得细粉粒物;细粉粒物在马弗炉内,620℃,灼烧3.2h,降温冷却后,可得到细粉颗粒状的臭氧非均相氧化固体催化剂。
实施例2: 0.24g次氯酸锂,0.36g双(乙酰丙酮)铍,10ml去离子水,加入到容积为100ml的可密闭反应器中搅拌混合均匀,该水溶液的重量浓度为5.7%,次氯酸锂:双(乙酰丙酮)铍的重量之比=1:1.5;加入去离子水洗涤至中性、103℃干燥除去水分后过筛-200目~+400目标准筛的1.45g毛沸石、1.65g石榴石、1.85g麦饭石、2.05g硅灰石、2.25g萤石、2.45g钙芒硝,次氯酸锂和双(乙酰丙酮)铍的重量(0.6g):多孔材料的重量(11.7g)=1:19.5,升温至48℃,继续搅拌反应5.8h,过滤,105℃干燥恒重后得到扩孔改性载体11.5g;在100ml超声波反应器中,投入扩孔改性载体11.5g,再加入2.2g氯化十二烷基三甲基铵溶于26ml去离子水的水溶液,该水溶液的重量浓度为7.8%,搅拌混合均匀,氯化十二烷基三甲基铵(2.2g):多扩孔改性载体(11.5g )=1:5.2;控制超声功率密度为0.7W/m3、超声波频率29kHz、温度54℃,超声振荡4.7h;超声活化完成后,把超声波反应器中的超声表面活化载体混合液转移至100ml水热反应釜中,再加入由0.78g硼砂、0.97g硫酸钾、0.58g异丙氧化钪(III)、0.67g三(六氟乙酰丙酮)钇(III)二水合物、0.78g四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮酸)铈(IV)、0.87g三环戊二烯钷、1.48g二茂钛环取代水杨酸配合物、1.77g丙酮酸异烟酰腙钒、0.68g葡萄糖酸钴、0.87g二硫氰酸根合银(I)酸钾、1.98g双八烷基二甲基氯化铵和10ml去离子水配制的水溶液,该水溶液的重量浓度为53.3%,该水溶液的重量:超声表面活化载体混合液的重量=21.4g:39.7g=1:1.9,控制温度175℃,水热反应时间为15.5h,然后105℃烘干得细粉粒物;细粉粒物在马弗炉内,930℃,灼烧7.5h,降温冷却后,可得到细粉颗粒状的臭氧非均相氧化固体催化剂。
比较例1: 制备过程不加次氯酸锂、双(乙酰丙酮)铍、氯化十二烷基三甲基铵、双八烷基二甲基氯化铵、硼砂和硫酸钾外,整个制备过程、制备条件和实施例1完全相同。
实施例1、实施例2和比较例1制备的臭氧非均相氧化固体催化剂的参数列入表1。
应用实施例1:实施例1、实施例2和比较例1制备的臭氧非均相氧化固体催化剂分别在相同条件下用于邻苯二甲酸氢钾、苯胺和中性灰2BL配制的废水进行臭氧非均相氧化处理。处理条件是:有机物废水与催化剂的投料比=1000L:1g,有机废水CODCr值735mg/L,臭氧投加量60mg/L,处理时间1hr,臭氧尾气用KI溶液吸收检测臭氧利用率。试验数据列入表2。
表1实施例和比较例制备臭氧非均相氧化固体催化剂参数
表2臭氧非均相氧化固体催化剂应用实施例
Claims (2)
1.一种臭氧非均相氧化固体催化剂的制备方法,其特征是在可密闭反应器中加入A组分和去离子水搅拌制备水溶液,控制A组分的重量浓度为2%~6%,溶液制备完成后,在搅拌下加入B组分,升温至35℃~50℃,继续搅拌反应3h~6h,过滤,反应产物在102℃~106℃干燥恒重后得到扩孔改性载体,扩孔改性载体投入超声波反应器,加入由C组分和去离子水配制的水溶液,C组分的重量浓度为3%~8%,搅拌混合均匀,控制超声功率密度为0.3~0.8W/m3、频率20kHz~30kHz、40℃~55℃,超声振荡2h~5h,得到超声表面活化载体混合液,转移至水热反应釜中,再加入D组分和去离子水配制的水溶液,D组分的重量浓度为40%~55%,按重量计,D组分去离子水溶液:超声表面活化载体混合液的重量比=1:(1.5~2),控制温度120℃~180℃,水热反应时间为8h~16h,然后烘干得细粉粒物,细粉粒物在马弗炉内,600℃~950℃,灼烧3h~8h,得到臭氧非均相氧化固体催化剂;所述A组分由次氯酸锂、双(乙酰丙酮)铍组成,按重量计,次氯酸锂:双(乙酰丙酮)铍的重量之比=1:(1~1.6),B组分由毛沸石、石榴石、麦饭石、硅灰石、萤石、钙芒硝组成,按重量计,毛沸石:石榴石:麦饭石:硅灰石:萤石:钙芒硝的重量之比=(5~15):(7~17):(9~19):(11~21):(13~23):(15~25),按重量计,A组分:B组分的重量之比=1:(10~20),C组分是氯化十二烷基三甲基铵,按重量计,C组分:扩孔改性载体的重量之比=1:(5~10),D组分由复合矿化剂硼砂、硫酸钾,催化活性助剂前驱物异丙氧化钪(III)、三(六氟乙酰丙酮)钇(III) 二水合物、四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮酸)铈(IV)、三环戊二烯钷稀土金属有机化合物,催化活性中心前驱物普通过渡金属有机化合物二茂钛环取代水杨酸配合物、丙酮酸异烟酰腙钒、葡萄糖酸钴和贵金属化合物二硫氰酸根合银(I)酸钾,乳化剂双八烷基二甲基氯化铵组成,按重量计,硼砂:硫酸钾:异丙氧化钪(III):三(六氟乙酰丙酮)钇(III)二水合物:四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮酸)铈(IV):三环戊二烯钷:二茂钛环取代水杨酸配合物:丙酮酸异烟酰腙钒:葡萄糖酸钴:二硫氰酸根合银(I)酸钾:双八烷基二甲基氯化铵的重量之比=(4~8):(6~10):(3~6):(4~7):(5~8):(6~9):(10~15):(12~18):(4~7):(6~9):(6~20)。
2.根据权利要求1所述B组分由毛沸石、石榴石、麦饭石、硅灰石、萤石、钙芒硝组成,毛沸石、石榴石、麦饭石、硅灰石、萤石、钙芒硝分别进行粉碎,去离子水洗涤干燥除去水分后,经标准筛进行筛分,控制粒径为0.0370mm~0.0750mm。
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