CN107003058A - 无霜制冷器具 - Google Patents

无霜制冷器具 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107003058A
CN107003058A CN201580066348.3A CN201580066348A CN107003058A CN 107003058 A CN107003058 A CN 107003058A CN 201580066348 A CN201580066348 A CN 201580066348A CN 107003058 A CN107003058 A CN 107003058A
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Prior art keywords
evaporator
refrigerating appliance
appliance according
heat carrier
circulation system
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N·利恩戈德
M·姆尔齐格洛德
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BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
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BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
    • F25D21/06—Removing frost
    • F25D21/12—Removing frost by hot-fluid circulating system separate from the refrigerant system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B23/00—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect
    • F25B23/006—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect boiling cooling systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
    • F25B5/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
    • F25D11/02—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators with cooling compartments at different temperatures
    • F25D11/022—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators with cooling compartments at different temperatures with two or more evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/0408—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D1/0426—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to the large body of fluid, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent heat exchange units in common air flow or with units extending at an angle to each other or with units arranged around a central element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0477—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0477—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0478—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/02—Details of evaporators
    • F25B2339/023—Evaporators consisting of one or several sheets on one face of which is fixed a refrigerant carrying coil
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/11—Sensor to detect if defrost is necessary
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/122—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and being formed of wires
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/14—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally
    • F28F1/22—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally the means having portions engaging further tubular elements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Defrosting Systems (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

一种制冷器具具有由隔热层(2)包围的存放室(3)和制冷机，所述制冷机包括冷却所述存放室(3)的蒸发器(5)和驱动冷却剂循环通过所述蒸发器(5)的压缩机(8)。热环流***(14)与所述蒸发器(5)并且与所述隔热层(2)之外的热储备器处于热接触中。

Description

无霜制冷器具
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制冷器具、尤其是一种家用制冷器具，其具有自动除霜的蒸发器。这种制冷器具也作为“无霜制冷器具”已知。
背景技术
因为蒸发器总是构成制冷器具的存放室中最冷的部位，所以由冷却物放出或在打开门时随着周围环境空气到达存放室中的湿气在蒸发器上凝聚。如此构成的冰层阻碍蒸发器和其余存放室之间的热交换，并因此，为了保证制冷器具的有能效的运行，必须时不时地清除该冰层。
为了该目的，在大多数传统的无霜制冷器具中，在蒸发器上安装有电加热装置。虽然这种解决方案在制造方面简单且成本有利，但是它对制冷器具的能效产生负面影响，因为一方面必须耗费大量热能来融化冰，并且另一方面，在除霜之后必须将蒸发器和它的周围环境又冷却到运行温度。当热功率的分布不恰好与冰的分布相协调时，蒸发器的首先被除霜的区域被加热装置无效地加热得远高于冷冻点，这附加地对能效产生负面影响。
一种以更好的能效实现除霜的已知技术是热气体除霜。在这种技术中，在压缩机中绝热地加热的冷却剂被直接输入到蒸发器中，而不使它的热量经由液化器事先放出并且不在节流部位上松弛。由以下方式来产生改进的能效：温热地输入到蒸发器中的冷却剂优选在它的最冷的部位上冷凝。当蒸发器被部分除霜时，热量则首先到达仍结冰的区域中，并且对已经无冰的区域的加热保持得小。然而，由冷却剂带入到蒸发器中的热首先由在压缩机中完成的压缩功以及由压缩机的废热引起，并因此必须如在电除霜加热时成电能的形式供应给制冷器具。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，提供一种制冷器具，该制冷器具实现更有能效的除霜。
该任务通过以下方式来解决：在具有由隔热层包围的存放室和制冷机的制冷器具中(该制冷机包括冷却存放室的蒸发器和驱动冷却剂循环通过蒸发器的压缩机)，热环流***(Thermosiphon)与蒸发器并且与隔热层之外的热储备器处于热接触中。借助于热环流***可以在较短的时间内将大量的热量运输至蒸发器，所述热量从热储备器中取出并因此不对制冷器具的能量平衡产生负面影响。
在下面被称为第一通道的、热环流***的与蒸发器处于热接触中的内部区域和与热储备器处于热接触中的外部区域之间的通道应该能够通过阀来阻断，以便能够抑制在制冷器具的除霜阶段之外至蒸发器的热运输。
应该设置有控制单元，以便估计聚集在蒸发器上的冰量并且在所估计的冰量高于一极限值时打开阀。这种控制单元是已知的，但是传统上在大多数情况下用于连接电除霜加热装置而不是阀。热环流***能够供应给蒸发器的加热功率与热储备器的温度是强相关的，从而除霜过程的持续时间可以变化。因此，为了结束除霜过程，控制单元应该与热环流***内部区域上的或蒸发器上的温度传感器连接并且设置为用于当由温度传感器所感测的温度高于一极限值时闭合阀。
优选地，第一通道从内部区域的下端部出发向下延伸至外部区域。因而，在除霜期间在热环流***的内部区域中冷凝并且聚集在内部区域的下端部上的热载体可以以重力驱动的方式到达外部区域并且在那重新蒸发。
优选地，在内部和外部区域之间还设置有第二通道，从而热载体蒸汽可以从外部区域通过与液态的热载体流出所通过的通道有所不同的通道返回到内部区域中。因而，内部和外部区域之间的流动不相互阻碍，并且能够实现高的热运输功率，而不需要对热载体进行强制循环。
第二通道应该至少区段式地从外部区域向下延伸至内部区域。因而，当第一通道由阀阻断并且内部区域比外部区域明显更冷时，可以实现通道中稳定的温度分层，所述温度分层使通过第二通道到存放室中的热流入最小。
为了使得热能够有效传递到蒸发器上的冰层上，热环流***的内部区域优选包括热载体管路，所述热载体管路自身延伸穿过蒸发器。
当蒸发器为薄片式蒸发器时，这样的热载体管路可以——以与通常冷却剂管路相同的方式——与薄片式蒸发器的薄片交叉。
当蒸发器为板式蒸发器时，冷却剂管路和热载体管路可以在该板式蒸发器上相互并排地延伸。
此外，蒸发器可以包括多通道管，其中，该多通道管的一个通道引导制冷机的冷却剂并且一另外的通道引导热环流***的热载体。
根据一个优选的改进方案，隔热层之外的热储备器为制冷机的液化器。当制冷机在除霜过程开始紧之前还在运行时，液化器比远处的周围环境明显更热，并且它的高温使得热能够快速运输至蒸发器。在除霜过程之后，液化器一般比远处的周围环境更冷，当制冷机在除霜之后又开始它的运行时，这又改进了制冷机的效率。
特别有利的是，制冷机包括用于冷却第二存放室的第二蒸发器，该第二蒸发器能够在阀打开期间通过压缩机来加载以冷却剂。因而，液化器由于对第一存放室的蒸发器进行除霜而经受的冷却又能够直接用于冷却第二存放室。
类似于热环流***的内部区域的上述构造，此处热环流***的外部区域可以包括热载体管路，该热载体管路延伸穿过液化器。
一种用于在制冷器具中给蒸发器除霜的方法也是本发明的主题，在该方法中，所需要的热经由热环流***供应给蒸发器。
附图说明
参照附图由接下来对实施例的说明来得出本发明的其它特征和优点。附图示出：
图1根据本发明的制冷器具的方块图；
图2热环流***的内部和外部区域在制冷器具的壁上的布置的示意图；
图3用于使用在根据本发明的制冷器具中的板式热交换器的片段；
图4线材管热交换器的片段；
图5薄片式热交换器；以及
图6具有多通道管的热交换器的片段。
具体实施方式
图1为根据本发明的制冷器具的示意图。在本体1中留空出两个格、此处冷冻格3和普通冷却格4，它们分别由一个隔热层2包围。两个格3，4的蒸发器5，6经由共同的抽吸管路7与压缩机8连接。液化器9衔接在压缩机8的输出端上。从液化器9出发的管路10在换向阀11上分支成两个毛细管12，13，这两个毛细管中的每个毛细管回引至蒸发器5，6中的一个蒸发器。
冷冻格蒸发器5的温度持久处于0℃以下，从而在该冷冻格蒸发器上能够构成冰层。用于给该冰层除霜的热环流***14包括处于冷冻格3之内的内部区域15和处于隔热层2之外的外部区域16。内部区域15通过热载体管路17来构成，该热载体管路延伸穿过蒸发器5；液化器9中的热载体管路18构成外部区域16。
外部区域16至少部分地处于比内部区域15更低的位置，从而只要布置在第一通道20中的阀21是打开的，在蒸发器5中冷凝的冷却剂(所述冷却剂在蒸发器5中的热载体管路17的最低点19上汇流)则能够从蒸发器仅通过重力驱动地通过第一通道20穿过隔热层2流出至液化器9。
从外部区域16穿过隔热层2回引至内部区域15的第二通道22是持续打开的，然而因为该第二通道22衔接到热载体管路17的最高点23上，没有液态的热载体能够通过该第二通道从内部区域15到达外部区域16。
热环流***14仅在阀21打开期间使得热能够运输至蒸发器5。电子控制单元24用于对阀21进行控制，该电子控制单元设计为用于根据已知的不同评价标准例如自从上一个除霜过程起压缩机8的运行时间、自从上一个除霜过程起冷冻格3开门的频度等等来估计蒸发器5上的冰量并且只要所估计的冰量高于一极限值则打开阀21。
温度传感器25相邻于最低点19安装在蒸发器5上。只要在除霜过程的进程中由该温度传感器25所感测的温度升高超过0℃，则可以推论，蒸发器5没有结冰；然后控制单元24又闭合阀21。
图2示意性地示出穿过制冷器具的隔热层2的剖面，该制冷器具具有布置在冷冻格3的侧上的蒸发器5和暴露在外侧上的液化器9。通道20在它的整个长度上向下倾斜至热环流***14的处于液化器9上的外部区域16，从而在内部区域15中冷凝的热载体可以在阀21打开的情况下自动流出至外部区域16。当阀21闭合时，在内部区域15中和通道20中冷凝的热载体可以积聚在阀21上方，但是不到达外部区域16中。在第二通道22的情况下，当该第二通道的仅一部分向下倾斜至内部区域15时，是足够的，由此在阀21闭合的情况下在该部分中能够构造温度梯度，该温度梯度阻止热载体在区域15，16之间通过通道22的任何交换。
热环流***14的内部和外部区域15，16可以如在图2中所表明地以空心板的形式构造，所述空心板在它们主表面中的一个主表面上与蒸发器5或者说液化器9处于紧密的热接触中。然而一种结构是优选的，在该结构中，热环流***的区域15，16分别构成蒸发器5或者说液化器9的整体式组成部分。图3以Rollbond热交换器为例示出用于针对这样构造的第一示例。热载体管路17的管以及用于由压缩机8进行循环的冷却剂的管路27相互并排地铺设在基板26上。
图4示出热载体管路17和冷却剂管路27的相应的布置，不过此处管路17，27与连接它们的线材28共同构成线材管热交换器，该线材管热交换器不仅可以作为蒸发器5使用而且可以作为液化器9使用。
图5示出薄片式蒸发器的侧视图。冷却剂管路27以已知的方式由与薄片31垂直交叉、沿观察者的视线方向延伸的直线的区段34构造上层和下层29，30，这些区段经由交替地在蒸发器的面向观察者的侧上，或者说(以虚线的方式示出地)在背离该观察者的侧上突出的弧32相互连接。高于薄片31突出的一另外的弧33建立两个层29，30之间的串行连接。热载体管路17也构成上层和下层35，36，不过这些层不同于层29，30而严格地处于一平面内，从而它们在它们的整个长度上连续向下倾斜。因而，无论液态的热载体在层35，36的哪个部位上构成，液态的热载体都可以在热载体管路17中自由地流出到蒸发器5的最低点19并且从那里到达热环流***14的外部区域16。
图6示出由多通道管37构成的热交换器的片段。由金属、尤其铝挤压而成的多通道管37具有带状延伸的横截面并且可以容易地向一个方向弯曲，在该方向上，它的主表面38，39构成弯曲部的外侧和内侧。多通道管37的通道40分别交替地属于热载体管17或者说冷却剂管路27并因而使得蒸发器在除霜时能够极其快速地加热。
附图标记列表
1 本体
2 隔热层
3 冷冻格
4 普通冷却格
5 蒸发器
6 蒸发器
7 抽吸管路
8 压缩机
9 液化器
10 管路
11 换向阀
12 毛细管
13 毛细管
14 热环流***
15 内部区域
16 外部区域
17 热载体管路
18 热载体管路
19 最低点
20 通道
21 阀
22 通道
23 最高点
24 控制单元
25 温度传感器
26 基板
27 管路
28 线材
29 上层
30 下层
31 薄片
32 弧
33 弧
34 区段
35 上层
36 下层
37 多通道管
38 主表面
39 主表面
40 通道

Claims (15)

1.制冷器具，其具有由隔热层(2)包围的存放室(3)和制冷机，所述制冷机包括冷却所述存放室(3)的蒸发器(5)和驱动冷却剂循环通过所述蒸发器(5)的压缩机(8)，其特征在于热环流***(14)，所述热环流***与所述蒸发器(5)并且与所述隔热层(2)之外的热储备器处于热接触中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制冷器具，其特征在于，所述热环流***(14)的与所述蒸发器(5)处于热接触中的内部区域(15)和与所述热储备器处于热接触中的外部区域(16)之间的第一通道(20)能够通过阀(21)来阻断。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制冷器具，其特征在于，控制单元(24)设置为用于估计聚集在所述蒸发器上的冰量并且在所估计的冰量高于一极限值时打开所述阀(21)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制冷器具，其特征在于，所述控制单元(24)与所述热环流***(14)的内部区域(15)上或所述蒸发器(5)上的温度传感器(25)连接并且设置为用于当由所述温度传感器(25)所感测的温度高于一极限值时闭合所述阀(21)。
5.根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的制冷器具，其特征在于，所述第一通道(20)从所述内部区域(15)的下端部出发向下延伸至所述外部区域(16)。
6.根据权利要求2至5中任一项所述的制冷器具，其特征在于内部区域和外部区域(15，16)之间的第二通道(22)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制冷器具，其特征在于，所述第二通道(22)从所述外部区域(16)至少区段式地向下延伸至所述内部区域(15)。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的制冷器具，其特征在于，所述热环流***(14)的内部区域(15)包括热载体管路(17)，所述热载体管路延伸穿过所述蒸发器(5)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制冷器具，其特征在于，所述蒸发器(5)为薄片式蒸发器，并且所述热载体管路(17)与所述薄片式蒸发器的薄片(31)交叉。
10.根据权利要求8所述的制冷器具，其特征在于，所述蒸发器为板式蒸发器，在所述板式蒸发器中，冷却剂管路(27)和所述热载体管路(17)在基板(26)上相互并排地延伸。
11.根据权利要求8所述的制冷器具，其特征在于，所述蒸发器(5)包括多通道管(37)，其中，所述多通道管(37)的一个通道(40，27)引导所述制冷机的冷却剂，并且一另外的通道(40，17)引导所述热环流***(14)的热载体。
12.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的制冷器具，其特征在于，所述热储备器为所述制冷机的液化器(9)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的制冷器具，其特征在于，所述制冷机包括用于冷却第二存放室(4)的第二蒸发器(6)，所述第二蒸发器在所述阀(21)打开期间能够通过所述压缩机(7)来加载以冷却剂。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的制冷器具，其特征在于，所述热环流***(14)的外部区域(16)包括热载体管路(18)，所述热载体管路延伸穿过所述液化器(9)。
15.用于在制冷器具中给蒸发器除霜的方法，在所述方法中，所需要的热经由热环流***(14)供应给所述蒸发器(5)。
CN201580066348.3A 2014-12-08 2015-11-27 无霜制冷器具 Pending CN107003058A (zh)

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