CN107002743B - 具有球轴承的连杆 - Google Patents
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- CN107002743B CN107002743B CN201680004241.0A CN201680004241A CN107002743B CN 107002743 B CN107002743 B CN 107002743B CN 201680004241 A CN201680004241 A CN 201680004241A CN 107002743 B CN107002743 B CN 107002743B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/04—Engines with variable distances between pistons at top dead-centre positions and cylinder heads
- F02B75/045—Engines with variable distances between pistons at top dead-centre positions and cylinder heads by means of a variable connecting rod length
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C7/00—Connecting-rods or like links pivoted at both ends; Construction of connecting-rod heads
- F16C7/06—Adjustable connecting-rods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/04—Engines with variable distances between pistons at top dead-centre positions and cylinder heads
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
- F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
- F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
- F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
- F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
- F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
- F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
- F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
- F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
- F16C11/0685—Manufacture of ball-joints and parts thereof, e.g. assembly of ball-joints
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C23/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for aligning or positioning
- F16C23/10—Bearings, parts of which are eccentrically adjustable with respect to each other
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C7/00—Connecting-rods or like links pivoted at both ends; Construction of connecting-rod heads
- F16C7/04—Connecting-rods or like links pivoted at both ends; Construction of connecting-rod heads with elastic intermediate part of fluid cushion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
- F16J1/10—Connection to driving members
- F16J1/14—Connection to driving members with connecting-rods, i.e. pivotal connections
- F16J1/22—Connection to driving members with connecting-rods, i.e. pivotal connections with universal joint, e.g. ball-joint
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D15/00—Varying compression ratio
- F02D15/02—Varying compression ratio by alteration or displacement of piston stroke
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
- F16C2360/22—Internal combustion engines
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
- Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种球轴承(10),其具有布置在支撑杆(18)上的球头(20),所述球头支承在外部零件(40)的球头容纳部(30)中,其中所述球头(20)在其外表面处通过所述球头容纳部(30)的至少一个径向向内突出的定位元件(54)防止从球头容纳部(30)中滑出。本发明还涉及具有这样的球轴承(10)的连杆(100)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有球轴承的连杆。
背景技术
在内燃机中,高压缩比对内燃机的效率起积极作用。压缩比通常理解为压缩前的总汽缸容积与压缩后的剩余汽缸容积的比例。然而在具有外源点火的、具有固定的压缩比的内燃机、尤其是汽油发动机中,所述压缩比仅能允许选择为这样高,使得在全负荷运行中避免所谓的内燃机的“爆震”。然而对于频繁得多地出现的内燃机的部分负荷区域、亦即在更少的汽缸充填的情况下,所述压缩比可选择为具有更高值,而不会出现“爆震”。当所述压缩比能可变地调节时,可改进内燃机的重要的部分负荷区域。为了调节所述压缩比例如已知具有可变连杆长度的***。
由文献DE102005055199A1已知一种连杆,其中在小的连杆孔中装入可转动的杠杆,在所述杠杆的中心开口中装入偏心轮。所述偏心轮用于容纳柱塞销。所述杠杆与偏心轮形成轴毂连接。由于所述连接在连杆的运行中处于高负荷,因此对连接配套件的制造公差的要求较高。支承在上方的连杆轴承孔处的控制柱塞借助于球轴承支承在球头容纳部中并且在那里借助于横销旋紧。
发明内容
本发明的任务是提出一种能高负荷的、具有支承在球头容纳部中的球头的球轴承,所述球轴承装配简易并且能高负荷并且允许制造公差。
另一任务是给出具有这样的球轴承的连杆。
提出一种球轴承,其具有布置在支撑杆上的球头,所述球头支承在外部零件的球头容纳部中,其中球头在其外表面处在球头容纳部中通过至少一个径向向内突出的定位元件防止从球头容纳部中滑出。
所述定位元件尤其可通过外部零件的壁区域、例如径向向内突出的冲压部形成。有利地,所述球头在球头容纳部中能沿所有空间方向转动并且同时仅能沿轴向以高的拔出力从球头容纳部中拔出。
根据本发明的一个有利设计方案,所述球头容纳部具有拱形的底部,沿轴向邻接于所述底部的是圆筒形空间,并且所述至少一个凹部布置在拱形区域与圆筒形区域之间的过渡处、或者布置在圆筒形区域内。所述拱形的底部在其接触区域中有利地匹配于球头的外轮廓,从而球头能轻易偏转。同时,所述拱形的底部沿轴向提供所述球头的受限的末端支承。所述拱形区域有利地大致如所述球头的半径那样深。所述圆筒形空间向所述定位元件提供空间并且在直径方面大于所述球头。
根据本发明的一个有利设计方案,所述球头容纳部在其外壁处可具有至少一个凹部,所述凹部的基部至少局部地形成所述定位元件。有利地,在球头的装入之后,所述基部轻微地向内挤压,从而所述基部轻柔地抵靠在球头的外表面上。
根据本发明的一个有利设计方案,所述凹部的基部至少局部地形成底部缺口。在这种情况下,所述基部可以是封闭的或者局部穿通的。
根据本发明的一个有利设计方案,所述凹部可以是具有至少部分包含孔基部的孔。所述孔基部形成薄的隔板,所述隔板可稍向内挤压并且适当地变形。
根据本发明的一个有利设计方案,两个或更多孔可布置在所述外部零件的周面上。由此,能使由定位元件向球头施加的力均匀。
根据本发明的一个有利设计方案,所述凹部可构造为在外部零件的外壁上的环槽。在所述球头的引入之后,所述凹部的基部可变形并且抵靠在球头周围。也可设想的是,槽基部仅在各个部位处向内挤压。
根据本发明的一个有利设计方案,所述定位元件可由所述凹部的封闭的基部的拱形部形成。
根据本发明的另一方面提出一种具有至少一个球轴承的连杆,所述球轴承具有布置在支撑杆上的球头,其中所述球头支承在球头容纳部中,并且其中球头在其外表面处在球头容纳部中通过定位元件防止从球头容纳部中滑出。所述球轴承有利地制造、简单地装配并且提供高的安全性以防球头从球头容纳部中拔出。
附图说明
其它优点由下述附图说明得出。在附图中示出本发明的实施例。本发明包括很多特征组合。对于这些特征,本领域技术人员也可符合目的地单独考虑并概括出合理的其它各种组合。
其中示例性地:
图1以纵剖视图示出按照现有技术的具有两个球轴承的连杆;
图2示出按照本发明的实施例的球轴承的第一设计方案。
具体实施方式
在附图中用相同的附图标记表示相同或同类的部件。所述附图仅示出示例而不应限制性地理解。
在图1中的已知的连杆100s具有上方的连杆轴承孔12s,所述上方的连杆轴承孔设置用于容纳未示出的柱塞销。所述柱塞销以常见方式牢固地***到内燃机的燃烧室柱塞中。所述上方的连杆轴承孔12s通过连杆与在该图中下方的、大的连杆轴承孔分开。
所述上方的连杆轴承孔12s借助于构造为偏心轮的轴承构件能够围绕转动轴线转动,所述转动轴线与所述上方的连杆轴承孔12s的纵轴线平行地错置。为此,将所述偏心轮装入杠杆16s的开口中。由此,能实现所述上方的连杆轴承孔12s在其与在该图中下方的连杆轴承孔的连杆轴承轴线的距离方面的改变,并且能通过支承在所述上方的连杆轴承孔12s处的控制柱塞18s实现在内燃机的燃烧室中的可变压缩比。为此,所述控制柱塞18s借助于球轴承10s支承在容纳部中并且在那里利用横销旋紧。所述控制柱塞18s以充斥在与控制柱塞18s共同作用的液压室中的液压压力加载。
图2示出按照本发明的实施例的球轴承10的第一设计方案。所述球轴承10包括布置在支撑杆18上的球头20,所述球头支承在外部零件40的球头容纳部30中。在球头容纳部30中,球头20在其外表面处通过定位元件54防止从球头容纳部30中滑出或拔出。
在所示实施例中,所述定位元件54通过冲压部形成,所述冲压部形成侧凹。所述定位元件54是在外部零件40的外壁中径向向内突出的凹部50的基部52的一部分。
所述球头容纳部30包括拱形的底部32,所述底部匹配于球头20的外轮廓,并且球头20可在所述底部32上滑动,以便实现支撑杆18的倾斜。沿朝向球头容纳部30的敞开端部的轴向方向邻接有圆筒形空间34,在该圆筒形空间中布置有凹部50。所述凹部有利地布置在拱形和圆筒形空间34之间的过渡处。因此,所述球头20实际上能无间隙地被包围在拱形的底部32与定位元件54之间,而基部52无需大变形。
图中示出作为凹部50的唯一的孔。通过多个这样的、布置在外部零件40的周面上的凹部50,在它们的基部52中形成相对于内轮廓的薄的壁厚(隔板)。所述隔板借助于为此设置的工具向内压向具有球头的杆并且塑性变形。替代孔,也可设置环绕的环槽或间断的槽部段。具有球头20的支撑杆18仅能以非常高的力消耗进行拆卸。
所述球轴承10有利地用于支承连杆100的支撑杆18,所述连杆例如用在具有可调节压缩比的内燃机中,其中所述连杆100可如上所述地具有用于调节有效连杆长度的机构。即使高负荷,所述球轴承10的球头20也可靠地保持在球头容纳部30中。
Claims (6)
1.一种具有至少一个球轴承(10)的连杆(100),其中所述连杆(100)具有用于调节有效连杆长度的机构,所述球轴承(10)具有布置在支撑杆(18)上的球头(20),所述球头支承在外部零件(40)的球头容纳部(30)中,其中所述球头(20)在其外表面处通过所述球头容纳部(30)的至少一个径向向内突出的定位元件(54)防止从球头容纳部(30)中滑出,其中所述外部零件(40)在其外壁处具有至少一个凹部(50),在球头装入之后,所述凹部的基部(52)轻微地向内挤压,从而所述基部轻柔地抵靠在球头的外表面上并且至少局部地形成所述定位元件(54),其中所述球头容纳部(30)具有拱形的底部(32),沿轴向邻接于所述底部的是圆筒形区域(34),并且所述至少一个凹部(50)布置在所述拱形的底部(32)与圆筒形区域(34)之间的过渡处、或者布置在圆筒形区域(34)内,
其中所述球头(20)在球头容纳部(30)中能够沿所有空间方向转动,所述拱形的底部(32)在其接触区域中匹配于球头(20)的外轮廓,并且
其中所述凹部(50)是具有至少部分包含孔基部(52)的孔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的连杆,其中所述定位元件(54)通过下述方式形成,即所述凹部(50)的基部(52)至少局部地形成底部缺口。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的连杆,其中两个或更多孔布置在所述外部零件(40)的周面上。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的连杆,其中所述凹部(50)构造为在所述外部零件(40)的外壁中的环槽。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的连杆,其中所述定位元件(54)通过所述凹部(50)的封闭的基部(52)的拱形部形成。
6.一种具有可调节压缩比的内燃机,其具有至少一个按照权利要求1至5之一所述的连杆(100)。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102015103467.0A DE102015103467A1 (de) | 2015-03-10 | 2015-03-10 | Kugellager, insbesondere Pleuelkugellager, sowie Pleuel mit einem Kugellager |
DEDE102015103467.0 | 2015-03-10 | ||
PCT/EP2016/051397 WO2016142089A1 (de) | 2015-03-10 | 2016-01-25 | Kugelgelenk, insbesondere pleuelkugelgelenk, sowie pleuel mit einem kugelgelenk |
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CN107002743A CN107002743A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
CN107002743B true CN107002743B (zh) | 2020-07-31 |
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EP (1) | EP3268641B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN107002743B (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102015103467A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2016142089A1 (zh) |
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DE102018123426A1 (de) * | 2018-01-23 | 2019-07-25 | ECO Holding 1 GmbH | Pleuel für eine Brennkraftmaschine mit variabler Verdichtung |
DE102018210687A1 (de) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-01-02 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Pleuelstange, Umschaltventil, Rückschlagventil und Verbrennungsmotor |
DE102018119419A1 (de) * | 2018-08-09 | 2020-02-13 | ECO Holding 1 GmbH | Pleuel für eine Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Exzenter-Verstelleinrichtung zur Verstellung einer effektiven Pleuelstangenlänge |
DE102019117463A1 (de) * | 2019-06-28 | 2020-06-10 | ECO Holding 1 GmbH | Pleuel für eine Brennkraftmaschine mit variabler Verdichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Pleuels |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB1001756A (en) * | 1961-06-27 | 1965-08-18 | Hydromatik G M B H | Ball-and-socket joint connection between the piston and piston rod and axial piston engines |
US4552480A (en) * | 1984-06-29 | 1985-11-12 | Sprague Devices, Inc. | Ball joint structure |
DE102005055199A1 (de) * | 2005-11-19 | 2007-05-24 | Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh | Hubkolbenverbrennungskraftmaschine mit einstellbar veränderbarem Verdichtungsverhältnis |
CN104203678A (zh) * | 2012-03-30 | 2014-12-10 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | 活塞推杆组装体、主液压缸及活塞推杆组装体的制造方法 |
-
2015
- 2015-03-10 DE DE102015103467.0A patent/DE102015103467A1/de active Pending
-
2016
- 2016-01-25 WO PCT/EP2016/051397 patent/WO2016142089A1/de active Application Filing
- 2016-01-25 EP EP16701741.7A patent/EP3268641B1/de active Active
- 2016-01-25 CN CN201680004241.0A patent/CN107002743B/zh active Active
-
2017
- 2017-08-20 US US15/681,397 patent/US20180016974A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1001756A (en) * | 1961-06-27 | 1965-08-18 | Hydromatik G M B H | Ball-and-socket joint connection between the piston and piston rod and axial piston engines |
US4552480A (en) * | 1984-06-29 | 1985-11-12 | Sprague Devices, Inc. | Ball joint structure |
DE102005055199A1 (de) * | 2005-11-19 | 2007-05-24 | Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh | Hubkolbenverbrennungskraftmaschine mit einstellbar veränderbarem Verdichtungsverhältnis |
CN104203678A (zh) * | 2012-03-30 | 2014-12-10 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | 活塞推杆组装体、主液压缸及活塞推杆组装体的制造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20180016974A1 (en) | 2018-01-18 |
WO2016142089A1 (de) | 2016-09-15 |
DE102015103467A1 (de) | 2016-09-15 |
EP3268641B1 (de) | 2019-09-11 |
EP3268641A1 (de) | 2018-01-17 |
CN107002743A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
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