CN106998190B - Photovoltaic array series-parallel mismatch loss analysis method - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
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- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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Abstract
The invention relates to a photovoltaic square matrix series-parallel mismatch loss analysis method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and calculating the maximum power of the string by superposing the I-V characteristic curves of the components, and calculating the maximum power of the square matrix by superposing the I-V characteristic curves of the string. According to the method, the I-V characteristics of each group of strings are overlapped, the power of the combiner box is given in a theoretical calculation rather than an actual measurement mode, the analysis result can be linked with the measurement error of the group of strings, the problem of overlarge deviation of the parallel mismatch analysis result caused by the two-stage measurement error of the group of strings and the combiner box in the existing analysis method is avoided, and the analysis accuracy is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic power generation, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic square matrix series-parallel mismatch loss analysis method.
background
in recent years, the photovoltaic power generation in China is rapidly developed, the photovoltaic field detection is carried out, owners can know the operation condition of the power station, effective optimization measures are taken to avoid loss, and the method has important significance on the quality control of the photovoltaic power station.
series/parallel mismatch loss is an important detection item for knowing the operation efficiency of a power station, and is a phenomenon of power loss of a group (square matrix) caused by inconsistent parameters when components (group strings) are connected in series (in parallel). The analysis of the series/parallel mismatch is based on power testing.
the current method for analyzing series/parallel mismatch is: measuring the I-V curve of each component (string) in the selected string (square matrix) bus box, and calculating the sum of the corrected powers; and measuring the correction power of the group string (square matrix) and calculating the mismatch loss. The method is difficult to ensure the accuracy of the test result in practical application for the following reasons:
1) due to the limitation of conditions such as field illumination intensity, illumination fluctuation, temperature, equipment precision, correction formula accuracy and the like, the power measurement error can reach 1-2%; however, the current national standard stipulates that the loss of the series/parallel mismatch is generally not more than 2%, that is, the error and the measured value belong to the same order of magnitude or even larger, and the analysis of the mismatch loss by the method can cause great errors and even bring wrong results.
2) In the process of testing the tested objects with different capacities, the corresponding accuracy of different ranges may be different, and the positive and negative characteristics of the error have certain difference, so that the analysis of the mismatch result generates inevitable error.
3) For the measurement of the parallel mismatch loss, because the square matrix has large power, a test device capable of directly measuring the power of the square matrix is lacked, and the corrected power is often obtained by directly measuring the working voltage and the working current of the square matrix on site. This method assumes that the combiner box already works at the optimal working point, however, in operation, the working point actually also includes the parallel mismatch of the combiner box to the inverter and the deviation loss of MPPT, resulting in a smaller measured power and a larger mismatch loss; in addition, the measured result of the method is overlapped with other testing links in a crossing way, MPPT deviation loss and inverter-level parallel mismatch are repeatedly included, and the analysis of the efficiency of the power station is not facilitated.
Chinese patent 201510888348.3 discloses a method for testing the series-parallel mismatch loss rate of a photovoltaic system, which increases the IV curve of a once-tested whole, gives a credible loss rate result when the maximum power value deviation of two times of tests is less than a certain threshold, and substitutes the power average value of two times of whole strings or the group strings after confluence into a formula for calculation. The method is not accurate enough.
Disclosure of Invention
the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a photovoltaic array series-parallel mismatch loss analysis method which is more accurate in calculation result and smaller in error.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: a photovoltaic array series-parallel mismatch loss analysis method is characterized by comprising the following steps: calculating the maximum power of the string by superposing the I-V characteristic curves of the components, and calculating the maximum power of the square matrix by superposing the I-V characteristic curves of the string: selecting a current sampling point of one assembly as a reference point, interpolating other assemblies at the corresponding reference point by adopting a linear interpolation method, and superposing I-V characteristic curves of all the assemblies point by point to obtain an I-V characteristic curve of a string; and selecting a voltage sampling point of one group string as a reference point, interpolating the other group strings at the corresponding reference point by adopting a linear interpolation method, and superposing the I-V characteristic curves of all the group strings point by point to obtain the I-V characteristic curve of the square matrix.
and superposing the I-V characteristic curves of all the components in the string by taking the current axis as a reference axis to obtain the I-V characteristic curve of the string.
and superposing the I-V characteristic curves of all the groups of strings in the square matrix by taking the voltage axis as a reference axis to obtain the I-V characteristic curve of the square matrix.
Selecting a first block assembly current sampling point of the string as a reference point set [ I11, I12, …, I1x, … and I1n ]; the sampling current point of the ith module in the group string is [ Ii1, Ii2, …, Iiy, …, Iim ], if Iiy < I1x < Ii (y +1), a linear interpolation method is adopted to supplement the module voltage value Uix corresponding to the position I1x, wherein:
replacing the original I-V characteristics of the ith block assembly of the string with [ (I11, Ui1), …, (I1x, Uix), …, (I1n, Uin) ];
the I-V characteristic curves of all the modules in the string are superimposed, and for any reference point Ii1, the superimposed string voltage U Σ x is:
[ (I11, U Σ 1), …, (I1x, U Σ x), …, (I1n, U Σ n) ] constitutes the I-V characteristic of the string set, and the maximum value obtained by multiplying all U Σ x and I1x of the string set by the calculated power is the loss of the maximum power of the string set in series mismatch:
The maximum power of the ith module is N, and the number of the modules in the group string is N;
Selecting a first group of voltage sampling points of the square matrix as a reference point set [ U11, U12, …, U1x, … and U1n ]; the voltage sampling points of the ith string are [ Ui1, Ui,2, …, Uiy, …, Uim ], and if Uiy < U1x < Ui (y +1), the component current value Iix corresponding to the position U1x is supplemented by linear interpolation, where:
Replacing the original I-V characteristic curve of the ith group string with [ (Ii1, U11), …, (Iix, U1x), …, (Iin, U1n) ];
And (3) superposing the I-V characteristic curves of all the components under the square matrix to obtain the I-V characteristic curve of the square matrix, wherein for any reference voltage point Ui1, the superposed square matrix current I sigma x is as follows:
[ (I Σ 1, U11), …, (I Σ x, U1x), …, (I Σ n, U1n) ] constitutes the I-V characteristic of the square matrix, and the maximum value obtained by multiplying all I Σ x and U1x of the square matrix by the calculated power is the parallel mismatch loss of the maximum power square matrix of the square matrix:
and M is the maximum power of the ith group string, and the number of the group strings in the square matrix.
The fundamental reason for the mismatch of the photovoltaic square matrix is that the maximum power point cannot work at the optimal working point after being connected in parallel because the currents (voltages) corresponding to the maximum power points are different in the I-V characteristics of each component (group string), so that the maximum power is less than the sum of the maximum powers of all parts after being connected in series (parallel).
According to the invention, based on a mismatch generation mechanism, I-V characteristic curves of all components (group strings) in a group string (square matrix) are superposed by taking a current (voltage) axis as a reference axis (the components are equal in series current and the group string is equal in parallel voltage), so that the group string (square matrix) I-V characteristic curve is obtained. The method avoids error introduction again in the power measuring process of the array string (square matrix) through theoretical calculation.
Compared with the prior art, the photovoltaic array series-parallel mismatch loss analysis method has the following advantages:
1) According to the method, the I-V characteristics of each group of strings are overlapped, the power of the combiner box is given in a theoretical calculation rather than an actual measurement mode, the analysis result can be linked with the measurement error of the group of strings, the problem of overlarge deviation of the parallel mismatch analysis result caused by the two-stage measurement error of the group of strings and the combiner box in the existing analysis method is avoided, and the analysis accuracy is guaranteed.
2) By means of the method, the online parallel mismatch analysis is facilitated through the dynamic voltage scanning of the string, and the operation management level of the power station is improved.
Description of the drawings
FIG. 1 is a P-V diagram of a header box according to example 1 of the present invention.
In the figure, a P-V curve, a first group of P-V curves, a second group of P-V curves, a third group of P-V curves and a fourth group of P-V curves obtained by overlapping combiner boxes are sequentially formed by an upper curve and a lower curve, wherein the horizontal axis of the figure is voltage, the unit is V, the vertical axis is power, and the unit is W.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1.
See fig. 1.
the embodiment relates to a photovoltaic square matrix parallel mismatch loss analysis method. Selecting a first group of voltage sampling points of the square matrix as a reference point set [ U11, U12, …, U1x, … and U1n ]; the voltage sampling points of the ith string are [ Ui1, Ui,2, …, Uiy, …, Uim ], and if Uiy < U1x < Ui (y +1), the component current value Iix corresponding to the position U1x is supplemented by linear interpolation, where:
Replacing the original I-V characteristic curve of the ith group string with [ (Ii1, U11), …, (Iix, U1x), …, (Iin, U1n) ];
and (3) superposing the I-V characteristic curves of all the components under the square matrix to obtain the I-V characteristic curve of the square matrix, wherein for any reference voltage point Ui1, the superposed square matrix current I sigma x is as follows:
[ (I Σ 1, U11), …, (I Σ x, U1x), …, (I Σ n, U1n) ] constitutes the I-V characteristic of the square matrix, and the maximum value obtained by multiplying all I Σ x and U1x of the square matrix by the calculated power is the parallel mismatch loss of the maximum power square matrix of the square matrix:
and M is the maximum power of the ith group string, and the number of the group strings in the square matrix.
the embodiment performs parallel mismatch analysis on a combiner box consisting of four groups of strings. And (4) testing four groups of strings under the STC condition, wherein the four groups of strings are a first group of strings, a second group of strings, a third group of strings and a fourth group of strings respectively. Assuming that the errors of each test in the field test process are relatively independent, and the test error values of each link in the field are randomly generated, see table 1:
TABLE 1
| One-number combined string | Two-number string | Three-number string | Four-number string | Collection flow box | |
| Error% | +0.6 | -0.5 | -0.4 | +1.0 | -0.4 |
The group strings are connected in parallel to form a combiner box, and I-V characteristic curves of all the group strings in the square matrix are superposed by taking a voltage axis as a reference axis to obtain the I-V characteristic curve of the square matrix.
the current parallel mismatch algorithm and the analysis method of the embodiment are respectively adopted for analysis, the mismatch loss result is shown in table 2, and the P-V curve of the confluence box obtained by superposition of the invention is shown in fig. 1.
the calculation result shows that the analysis result of the existing method deviates 165% from the actual parallel mismatch value due to the influence of the test error, and the result has no reference value; the method can still keep quite high precision, the error is only-0.43 percent, and the method has practical value.
TABLE 2
Example 2.
the embodiment is a photovoltaic series mismatch loss analysis method, a first block assembly current sampling point of a string is selected as a reference point set [ I11, I12, …, I1x, …, I1n ]; the sampling current point of the ith module in the group string is [ Ii1, Ii2, …, Iiy, …, Iim ], if Iiy < I1x < Ii (y +1), a linear interpolation method is adopted to supplement the module voltage value Uix corresponding to the position I1x, wherein:
Replacing the original I-V characteristics of the ith block assembly of the string with [ (I11, Ui1), …, (I1x, Uix), …, (I1n, Uin) ];
the I-V characteristic curves of all the modules in the string are superimposed, and for any reference point Ii1, the superimposed string voltage U Σ x is:
[ (I11, U Σ 1), …, (I1x, U Σ x), …, (I1n, U Σ n) ] constitutes the I-V characteristic of the string set, and the maximum value obtained by multiplying all U Σ x and I1x of the string set by the calculated power is the loss of the maximum power of the string set in series mismatch:
And N is the maximum power of the ith block component, and the number of the components in the group string.
in addition, it should be noted that the specific embodiments described in the present specification may be different in the components, the shapes of the components, the names of the components, and the like, and the above description is only an illustration of the structure of the present invention. Equivalent or simple changes in the structure, characteristics and principles of the invention are included in the protection scope of the patent. Various modifications, additions and substitutions for the specific embodiments described may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (3)
1. a photovoltaic array series-parallel mismatch loss analysis method is characterized by comprising the following steps: calculating the maximum power of the string by superposing the I-V characteristic curves of the components, and calculating the maximum power of the square matrix by superposing the I-V characteristic curves of the string:
Selecting a current sampling point of one assembly as a reference point, interpolating other assemblies at the corresponding reference point by adopting a linear interpolation method, and superposing I-V characteristic curves of all the assemblies point by point to obtain an I-V characteristic curve of a string;
Selecting a voltage sampling point of one group string as a reference point, interpolating the other group strings at the corresponding reference point by adopting a linear interpolation method, and superposing the I-V characteristic curves of all the group strings point by point to obtain an I-V characteristic curve of a square matrix;
selecting a first block assembly current sampling point of the string as a reference point set [ I11, I12, …, I1x, … and I1n ]; the sampling current point of the ith module in the group string is [ Ii1, Ii2, …, Iiy, …, Iim ], if Iiy < I1x < Ii (y +1), a linear interpolation method is adopted to supplement the module voltage value Uix corresponding to the position I1x, wherein:
replacing the original I-V characteristics of the ith block assembly of the string with [ (I11, Ui1), …, (I1x, Uix), …, (I1n, Uin) ];
the I-V characteristic curves of all the modules in the string are superimposed, and for any reference point Ii1, the superimposed string voltage U Σ x is:
[ (I11, U Σ 1), …, (I1x, U Σ x), …, (I1n, U Σ n) ] constitutes the I-V characteristic of the string set, and the maximum value obtained by multiplying all U Σ x and I1x of the string set by the calculated power is the loss of the maximum power of the string set in series mismatch:
The maximum power of the ith module is N, and the number of the modules in the group string is N;
Selecting a first group of voltage sampling points of the square matrix as a reference point set [ U11, U12, …, U1x, … and U1n ]; the voltage sampling points of the ith string are [ Ui1, Ui,2, …, Uiy, …, Uim ], and if Uiy < U1x < Ui (y +1), the component current value Iix corresponding to the position U1x is supplemented by linear interpolation, where:
Replacing the original I-V characteristic curve of the ith group string with [ (Ii1, U11), …, (Iix, U1x), …, (Iin, U1n) ];
And (3) superposing the I-V characteristic curves of all the components under the square matrix to obtain the I-V characteristic curve of the square matrix, wherein for any reference voltage point Ui1, the superposed square matrix current I sigma x is as follows:
[ (I Σ 1, U11), …, (I Σ x, U1x), …, (I Σ n, U1n) ] constitutes the I-V characteristic of the square matrix, and the maximum value obtained by multiplying all I Σ x and U1x of the square matrix by the calculated power is the parallel mismatch loss of the maximum power square matrix of the square matrix:
and M is the maximum power of the ith group string, and the number of the group strings in the square matrix.
2. The photovoltaic square matrix series-parallel mismatch loss analysis method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and superposing the I-V characteristic curves of all the components in the string by taking the current axis as a reference axis to obtain the I-V characteristic curve of the string.
3. the photovoltaic square matrix series-parallel mismatch loss analysis method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and superposing the I-V characteristic curves of all the groups of strings in the square matrix by taking the voltage axis as a reference axis to obtain the I-V characteristic curve of the square matrix.
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| CN110868155A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-03-06 | 青海黄河上游水电开发有限责任公司光伏产业技术分公司 | Method for measuring matching loss of photovoltaic string |
| CN111193289B (en) * | 2020-02-12 | 2022-09-13 | 阳光新能源开发股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic power station parallel mismatch adjusting method and device |
| CN114123969A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-03-01 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Method for detecting currents and matching degree of sub-cells of multi-junction laminated photovoltaic cell |
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