CN106998146A - 抑制串联组合型mmc环流的扇形矢量控制方法 - Google Patents

抑制串联组合型mmc环流的扇形矢量控制方法 Download PDF

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CN106998146A
CN106998146A CN201710251886.0A CN201710251886A CN106998146A CN 106998146 A CN106998146 A CN 106998146A CN 201710251886 A CN201710251886 A CN 201710251886A CN 106998146 A CN106998146 A CN 106998146A
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circulation
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CN106998146B (zh
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梅军
管州
丁然
王创
何梦雪
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Southeast University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33561Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having more than one ouput with independent control
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/325Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种抑制串联组合型MMC环流的扇形矢量控制方法,在经典的模块化多电平(MMC)串联结构基础上,分析了串联组合型MMC和电源之间电流关系,得出了串联组合型MMC和电源之间的电流会叠加二倍开关频率环流的结论,据此提出了扇形矢量控制策略。本发明能够抑制串联组合型MMC和电源之间叠加的二倍开关频率的环流,减小输入电流波动,同时在串入并出型MMC‑H桥DC/DC变换模型中加以验证该控制策略,实用性强,控制简单,可靠性高。

Description

抑制串联组合型MMC环流的扇形矢量控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种属于模块化多电平变流器和直流变换领域,尤其涉及一种抑制串联组合型MMC环流的扇形矢量控制方法。
背景技术
模块化多电平变换器(MMC)是一种适用于中高压应用场合的新型变换器,这种结构具有很大的优势,与级联桥多电平拓扑相比,具有公用直流母线以及良好的四象限工作性能等特点。每个子模块结构相对简单,控制容易,可以无限扩展,特别适用于高压大容量领域。
近些年柔性直流输电的兴起,直流配电网在未来也将不断得到发展。作为直流配网中重要的组成部分,高压大功率DC/DC变换器正在不断深入研究。作为伴随直流输电发展起来的模块化多电平技术也被用在了高压DC/DC变换当中,采用MMC的DC/DC变换器与传统变换器相比具有更高的承受电压能力、模块化程度高等优点。
而面对更高电压等级或输出更大电流的情况,可以采用输入侧MMC串联的形式进行分压从而达到更高的电压等级,而输出侧电压可以采用IGBT构成的H桥。输出侧根据需要可以进行串联或者并联,在这里选择并联从而达到输出大电流的特性。
而针对直流侧串联组合型的MMC,大量的文献尚未分析串联的MMC和直流侧电流的关系。事实上,模块化多电平子模块(SM)含有电容,根据电容存自身的特性,导致存储在电容上能量是波动的,能量波动频率是开关频率的二倍,因此组合型MMC和电源侧的电流会叠加二倍开关频率的电流,随着串联SM模块的增多,二倍频环流将继续增加,会造成输入电流峰峰值增大,从而对设备的承受电流能力要求更高。
传统的方法都是增加与电源侧电感的大小,大电感能够抑制二倍频环流的大小,但增加电感对***的体积和成本都有所增加,且对输入侧电压也会有一定的影响。因此十分有必要消除串联组合型MMC与电源侧电流上叠加的二倍频环流,降低电流峰峰值。
发明内容
发明目的:针对以上问题,本发明提出一种采用扇形矢量控制的串联组合型MMC的二倍频环流抑制方法,该方法基于串联输入并联输出的MMC-H桥DC/DC变换器。
技术方案:为实现本发明的目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:一种抑制串联组合型MMC环流的扇形矢量控制方法,串联组合型MMC存在二次环流,利用扇形矢量控制抑制该二次环流的产生,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)建立串联组合型MMC模型,其中单模块DC/DC变换是MMC-H桥结构,原副边由中频变压器连接,原边高压侧由多个MMC子模块串联构成桥臂,桥臂组成H桥结构,副边低压侧由IGBT构成H桥结构;将单个DC/DC变换器模块进行输入串联输出并联,得到串联组合型MMC的DC/DC变换器;
(2)对单模块DC/DC变换器进行移相控制,原边采用最近电平逼近调制策略,副边采用方波调制信号,控制功率从高压侧传递到低压侧;
(3)采用双环控制策略,使各个单模块之间功率均衡,输出各个单模块的移相值;
(4)确定***工作参数,从而确定二倍频环流需要移相的角度,进而根据移相角度进行移相操作。
步骤(3)具体包括:
(1)电压外环控制,对输出侧的电压进行采集,以输出电压为反馈值,与输出电压参考值比较后,经比例积分计算得到电流环的参考值,输入至电流内环;
(2)电流内环控制,采集各个单模块DC/DC输出电流平均值,将各个电流值作为反馈值,与电压外环输出的参考电流值进行比较后,经比例积分得到各个单模块移相值。
步骤(4)具体包括:
(1)确定调制波调制频率f,从而确定工作周期T;
(2)确定模型中级联模块数N,根据模块总数N确定扇形矢量控制器的移相因子
(3)在串入并出DC/DC拓扑基础上,对第i个模块的原副边控制信号进行移相δi=(i-1)θ(i=1,2...N)。
有益效果:本发明是基于ISOP型MMC-H桥DC/DC变换器,该DC/DC变换器原边侧采用的是MMC组成的H桥再进行串联,能够很好的改善输入电流波形,同时对输出电压波形也有较好地改善。
本发明的优点在于抑制串联组合型MMC和电源侧的二倍频环流,降低输入电流峰峰值,输入电流平缓;控制简单实用,避免使用大电感抑制二倍频环流,减小变换器的体积和成本。
附图说明
图1是单模块的DC/DC变换器示意图;
图2是串联输入并联输出型DC/DC变换器示意图;
图3是双环控制策略示意图;
图4为通用串联组合型MMC拓扑图;
图5为通用扇形矢量控制示意图,(a)为ω0t状态,(b)为2ω0t状态;
图6为加入扇形矢量控制的串入并出型DC/DC变换器整体控制框图;
图7为级联模块数为3时的扇形矢量控制示意图,(a)为ω0t状态,(b)为2ω0t状态;
图8为输入电压电流在加入和未加入扇形矢量控制器下的波形;
图9为输出电压电流在加入和未加入扇形矢量控制器下的波形。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明。
如图1所示是单模块DC/DC变换器,左侧采用MMC串联构成H桥结构,右侧采用IGBT构成的H桥结构,左右两侧通过中频变压器连接。该单模块DC/DC变换器采用的是移相控制策略,MMC侧采用最近电平调制策略。
结合图1,构成如图2所示的串联输入并联输出型DC/DC变换器,由此左侧构成了串联型MMC结构。
如图3所示是为保证串入并出级联之后各模块之间的功率均衡和输出电压的稳定而采用的双环控制策略,电压外环和电流内环,最后输出的是各个单模块的移相值。控制步骤具体包括:
(1)电压外环控制,对输出侧的电压进行采集,以输出电压为反馈值,与输出电压参考值比较后,经比例积分计算得到电流环的参考值,输入至电流内环;
(2)电流内环控制,采集各个单模块DC/DC输出电流平均值,将各个电流值作为反馈值,与电压外环输出的参考电流值进行比较后,经比例积分得到各个单模块移相值,进而对每个模块移相控制且各个模块之间功率均衡。
如图4所示是通用串联组合型MMC拓扑,由MMC串联构成桥臂,进而构成H桥,将MMC-H桥作为一个模块,将N个模块串联构成如图4的通用拓扑。
如图5所示是通用扇形矢量控制示意图,其中,(a)为ω0t状态,(b)为转换后的2ω0t状态。
根据图1所示的MMC-H桥DC/DC器,选取MMC其中一相。根据MMC数学模型,设称e为该相的内部电动势,且e可以表示为一个正弦波,令e=E sinω0t,同理该相电流输出且上下桥臂电流有:
同时定义电压调制比:
电流调制比:
其中,Udc为上下桥臂电压之后,即总电压、Idc为总电流、E为内部电动势、I为相电流、ω0为频率、ψ为相位。
在未加入附加控制条件下,上下桥臂电压可表示为:
而根据
通过式5~8可以求出上、下桥臂的瞬时功率为:
对式9积分,可得到存储于上桥臂的能量为:
除去其中由积分初始时刻t0决定的直流分量,可以得到该相上桥臂能量的交流分量为:
同理可得下桥臂能量的交流分量为:
将式12、13相加得到相单元的交流分量为:
式中,Ps为换流器的视在功率,
而相单元中的稳态能量为:
又由于相单元总能量最终存储在各子模块的电容当中,所以有:
因此,将上下桥臂看成一个整体之后,根据式16可知,相单元总电压(不包括电感电压)中必定含有两倍基波频率的分量,可表示为:
式中,UPM为等效的相单元总电压,UPM_DC为其直流分量;U2f为激发环流的二倍频电压峰值。可见,在二倍频电压的激励下,二倍频电流也将出现在回路中,叠加直流分量上,可将二倍频电流表示为:
考虑到***中各个模块之间已经功率均衡且各模块参数相同,根据功率守恒,各单模块输入电流也应相等,为i0,此时各二倍频电流可表示为:
常规控制中,合理控制能够将二倍频环流抑制。
对式19进行变形得:
因此在控制信号频率ω0的基础上需要移相考虑控制信号的周期T,则在对其移相的时间为其中移相因子根据这个思路,对3个单模块DC/DC串入并出进行的扇形矢量控制。在ω0t时,转换为2ω0t时,观察矢量图可知二倍环流在扇形矢量控制的作用下可以消去2ω0t,即消除二倍频环流。
如图6所示是串入并出型DC/DC变换器加入扇形矢量控制的整体控制框图,可知,扇形矢量控制器根据控制周期和级联模块数生成各个模块的扇形移相值di,di作用于原副边的控制信号,可以得到调制后的控制信号,再去对原副边进行控制。
根据图2的模型和图6的控制策略,搭建两个Simulink仿真,仿真参数如表1所示。其中一个加入扇形矢量控制,观察它的输入输出电压电流波形,另一个不加入扇形矢量控制器,观察其仿真结果,并进行对比,查看扇形矢量控制器的效果。
表1
图7为级联模块数为3的时候扇形矢量控制示意图,a为ω0t状态,b为转换后的2ω0t状态。图8和图9显示了相应的扇形矢量控制的结果,图8为输入电压电流在加入和未加入扇形矢量控制器下的波形,图9为输出电压电流在加入和未加入扇形矢量控制器下的波形,可以看出在扇形矢量控制器作用下,输入电流明显减小,峰峰值下降了90%,波动幅度从原来的43.5%降到3.91%,能够明显的改善输入电流波形,减少二倍频环流振荡,输入电流波形趋于稳定。同时对输出电压的振荡也有抑制作用,电压波动峰峰值下降了83.1%,波动幅值从原来的5.33%降为0.9%。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,为了说明串联组合型MMC二倍频环流的产生及其抑制,选取了串入并出型MMC-H桥DC/DC变换作为优选拓扑进行说明。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种抑制串联组合型MMC环流的扇形矢量控制方法,其特征在于:串联组合型MMC存在二次环流,利用扇形矢量控制抑制该二次环流的产生,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)建立串联组合型MMC模型,其中单模块DC/DC变换是MMC-H桥结构,原副边由中频变压器连接,原边高压侧由多个MMC子模块串联构成桥臂,桥臂组成H桥结构,副边低压侧由IGBT构成H桥结构;将单个DC/DC变换器模块进行输入串联输出并联,得到串联组合型MMC的DC/DC变换器;
(2)对单模块DC/DC变换器进行移相控制,原边采用最近电平逼近调制策略,副边采用方波调制信号,控制功率从高压侧传递到低压侧;
(3)采用双环控制策略,使各个单模块之间功率均衡,输出各个单模块的移相值;
(4)确定***工作参数,从而确定二倍频环流需要移相的角度,进而根据移相角度进行移相操作。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抑制串联组合型MMC环流的扇形矢量控制方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)具体包括:
(1)电压外环控制,对输出侧的电压进行采集,以输出电压为反馈值,与输出电压参考值比较后,经比例积分计算得到电流环的参考值,输入至电流内环;
(2)电流内环控制,采集各个单模块DC/DC输出电流平均值,将各个电流值作为反馈值,与电压外环输出的参考电流值进行比较后,经比例积分得到各个单模块移相值。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抑制串联组合型MMC环流的扇形矢量控制方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)具体包括:
(1)确定调制波调制频率f,从而确定工作周期T;
(2)确定模型中级联模块数N,根据模块总数N确定扇形矢量控制器的移相因子
(3)在串入并出DC/DC拓扑基础上,对第i个模块的原副边控制信号进行移相δi=(i-1)θ(i=1,2...N)。
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