CN106992831B - A kind of communication system time synchronizer - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of communication system time synchronizers, including transmission channel and receiving channel, it is characterized in that the transmission channel carries out processing output dynamic group delay to business datum emits signal, puls transmission mode is when jumping, including transmitting module and controllable group delay emission filter when more bursts are jumped；The receiving channel extracts reception complex baseband signal to matching and handles, and exports for inquiring time of reception T1, response time of reception T3The accurate measurement pulse T measuredmeasure, including single burst SNR detection module, liter sampling module and more burst combined synchronization modules.The present invention is realized achievees the purpose that communication system time synchronizes under the conditions of hardware logic is resource-constrained by the high-precision calculating of low complex degree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aviation wireless communication, in particular to low-complexity high-precision communication network time synchronization equipment based on joint correlation operation.
Background
The time synchronization of the communication network of the aviation network can solve the problem of high-precision relative time synchronization in the communication network, provide a uniform time base line for cooperative detection, cooperative interference and cooperative attack, and realize space-time unification of various aircraft nodes in a wide area space by large-scale space-time unification means such as navigation time service and the like. Round Trip Timing (RTT) synchronization is a two-way alignment synchronization algorithm based on time of arrival (TOA) measurements. The method has the characteristics of high time synchronization precision, good real-time performance and small influence by application environment, and can be widely applied to occasions with higher requirements on time synchronization precision, such as international atomic time comparison, aerospace measurement and control, radar and the like. The working principle is that time error between network nodes is corrected by using bidirectional TOA to transmit timing information, and the implementation flow is shown in fig. 1.
Wherein epsilon is a communication network time synchronization error; t is0A time when RTT-I is initiated for the synchronous interrogator; t is1The time when the synchronous responder receives the RTT-I waveform is measured; t is2The time when the synchronous responder responds RTT-R; t is3The time of receiving the RTT-R waveform measured for the synchronous interrogator; d1、d2The time delay of wireless space transmission of RTT-I and RTT-R waveforms is influenced by relative maneuvering of a synchronous terminal machine, and a certain difference may exist between the RTT-I and RTT-R waveforms; t _ RTT is the duration of a single RTT process; the P _ RTT is the minimum interrogation time interval for the synchronous interrogator. The above parameters satisfy the relationships shown in equations 1 and 2.
T1＝T0+d1+ε (1)
T3＝T2+d2-ε (2)
The united type 1 and 2 can be solved as follows:
equation 3 is an expression of the communication network time synchronization error (or the communication network time synchronization accuracy). As can be seen from the analysis of equation 3, the error of the time synchronization of the communication network is mainly affected by the following three factors:
(1) time keeping error caused by frequency accuracy
After the single RTT process completes time synchronization, a synchronous interrogator needs to utilize local clock counting to time-save nodes in a communication network in an interrogation time interval P _ RTT, the time-saving error is related to the single RTT interrogation time interval P _ RTT and the frequency accuracy S, and the improvement needs to be realized by reducing the P _ RTT and improving the crystal oscillator process;
(2) relative maneuver induced wireless space transmission delay error epsilon (d)
Radio space transmission delay d of RTT-I waveform and RTT-R waveform influenced by relative maneuvering of aircraft1、d2Are not equal. Considering the extreme case of phase-to-phase/phase-to-phase flight, d2-d1The duration T _ RTT of a single RTT and the aircraft relative maneuvering speed. The error is not measurable, the value is assigned to 0 during calculation, and the improvement is needed by reducing T _ RTT or scheduling the aircraft to perform speed reduction and timing processing;
(3) receiving a measurement error e (tau) caused by timing synchronisation
Synchronous interrogator/responder transmits time T in single RTT synchronous flow0、T2The measurement is carried out by a transmitting module, and is irrelevant to a channel and a motion environment; reception time T1、T3The receiving synchronization module carries out measurement, and has a large relation with a waveform system, a channel environment and a synchronization algorithm.
In summary, the time synchronization precision of the communication network is related to the accuracy of the crystal oscillator frequency, the duration of single RTT, the single RTT inquiry interval time, the measurement error introduced by the receiving timing synchronization, and the like, the first three elements are mainly related to the hardware resources and the design of the aviation networking communication system, and the measurement error introduced by the receiving timing synchronization is related to the receiving timing synchronization algorithm; particularly, in the environment of an aviation wireless communication system with low signal-to-noise ratio and limited hardware logic resources, a timing synchronization algorithm with good performance needs to be designed to reduce the measurement error epsilon (tau) caused by receiving timing synchronization, and the measurement error epsilon (tau) is usedAt the receiving time T1、T3To improve the time synchronization accuracy of the communication network.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a communication network time synchronization device which achieves the purpose of achieving communication network time synchronization through low-complexity and high-precision calculation under the condition that hardware logic resources are limited. The invention mainly solves the three technical contradictions in the face of the requirements of cooperative detection, cooperative interference and cooperative attack on time synchronization precision under the aviation networking application environment with high dynamic and low signal-to-noise ratio: the contradiction between the length of the time synchronization sequence and the implementation complexity of the synchronization algorithm engineering; the contradiction between the logic processing capacity of the chip and the complexity of the pulse detection algorithm; the unknown group delay caused by aircraft maneuvering contradicts the communication network time synchronization model complexity.
The invention aims to be realized by the following technical scheme:
a communication network time synchronization device comprises a transmitting channel and a receiving channel, wherein the transmitting channel comprises a multi-burst time-hopping transmitting module and a controllable group delay transmitting filter, and the receiving channel comprises a single-burst timing synchronization module, an up-sampling module and a multi-burst combined synchronization module;
the multi-burst time-hopping transmitting module is used for forming the received service data into N burst data frames in a basic time slot and outputting the group delay control quantity D of each burst data frameiAnd burst the data frame to a controllable group delay transmit filter; wherein i is 1,2 … N, DNN/2, other group delay control quantity DiIs an arbitrary value;
the controllable group delay transmitting filter is used for firstly calculating the group delay control time Ti：Ti＝(Di-N/2)TDN, according to a mathematical mapping:to obtain MiAccording to μi＝Tc*Mi-TiObtaining a parameter mu of a Lagrange interpolation filteri(ii) a Then according to the parameter muiPerforming Lagrange interpolation filtering on the burst data frame to change the group delay of the burst data frame; finally according to MiSelecting a corresponding delay channel to carry out time hopping transmission on the burst data frames after the group delay; wherein, TDRepresenting the width of the demodulation clock, TCRepresents the modulation clock width;
the single burst timing synchronization module is used for respectively matching the received N burst data frames to extract a complex baseband signal, carrying out correlation operation on the complex baseband signal to obtain a complex correlation value, outputting a pulse detection signal, and demodulating the pulse detection signal by a demodulation clock TDPerforming time domain expansion on the integral multiple of the time domain;
the up-sampling module is used for using a modulation clock TCPerforming up-sampling on the pulse detection signal after time domain expansion;
the multi-burst joint synchronization module is used for writing the pulse detection signals subjected to up-sampling into the corresponding double-port RAM for caching, and aligning the pulse detection signals output by the N double-port RAMs on a time axis; outputting a joint pulse detection correlation value J to the aligned pulse detection signals through summation operationcorr(ii) a Then setting the detection threshold as N/2, and detecting the correlation value J of the combined pulsecorrThreshold filtering processing is carried out to obtain FJcorrAnd finally, the first FJ exceeding the detection thresholdcorrPosition as a start timing position TstartAnd to FJcorrCarrying out gravity center calculation to obtain a timing offset position TshiftOutputting a measurement clock T of modulated clock pulse widthmeasure(ii) a Wherein,l represents the number of modulation clock pulse widths, k is an argument of the series operation, and k is 0.1.2 … L-1.
According to the above features, the group delay can be controlledThe late emission filter comprises a mathematical mapping module, a Lagrange interpolation filter, D triggers and a selector, wherein the number of the D triggers is Mmax-Mmin，MmaxIs MiMaximum value of, MminIs MiIs measured.
According to the above feature, the duration of the time-domain expanded pulse detection signal in the single-burst timing synchronization module is MTrms，TrmsFor the root mean square computer simulation result of the timing error under the working condition of receiving sensitivity, the value range of M belongs to the scope of 5,6]。
The invention has the following technical points:
1. the time synchronization sequence is a necessary condition for the accuracy of the time synchronization of the communication network. In the invention, a plurality of groups of short synchronization sequences are used for replacing long synchronization sequences required by theory in a multi-burst time-hopping transmitting module, the length of a receiving synchronization sequence matched filter is shortened, and logic processing resources are saved; improving the resistance of the communication system to Doppler frequency shift; the multi-group time-frequency diversity transmission of the time synchronization sequence has stronger anti-fading and anti-interference capabilities.
2. The invention designs a controllable group delay emission filter at the emission end to make the emission group delay information accord with uniform distribution in a frame service, and ensure that the digital sampling error of the received inquiry/response waveform at any time has the same statistical characteristic.
3. The pulse detection signal after time domain expansion is up-sampled, and the processing clock is demodulated by a demodulation clock TDSwitching to a modulation clock TCAnd a wide time expansion range and high time resolution are provided for multi-burst joint detection.
4. The multi-burst joint synchronization module adopts a double-port RAM to write and cache the high-power over-sampled detection pulse signal, and extracts the accurate measurement pulse T by utilizing threshold filtering and gravity center position calculationmeasure。
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an implementation flow of RTT time synchronization;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a time synchronization device of a communication network according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of multi-burst time hopping transmission
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a controllable group delay transmit filter
FIG. 5 pulse detection, time domain expansion and upsampling timing diagrams
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a multi-burst joint synchronization module
FIG. 7 is a timing diagram of extended detection pulses based on dual port RAM
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a precision measurement pulse based on center of gravity position calculation
FIG. 9 shows a single burst waveform timing synchronization error RMS of this embodiment
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment provides a time synchronization device for a communication network, which includes a transmitting channel and a receiving channel, wherein the transmitting channel processes an inquiry request time and a measurement time to output a dynamic group delay transmitting complex baseband signal, the pulse transmitting mode is time hopping, the transmitting channel mainly includes a multi-burst time hopping transmitting module and a controllable group delay transmitting filter, and a synchronous interrogator first transmits an inquiry request and records an inquiry transmitting time T0Synchronizing the transponder to transmit the response and recording the transmission time T of the response2And measuring the interrogation reception time T through its reception channel1。
The receiving channel processes the matched extracted receiving complex baseband signal and outputs the complex baseband signal for inquiring the receiving time T1Response reception time T3Measured precision measurement pulse Tmeasure. The receiving channel mainly comprises a single-burst timing synchronization module, an up-sampling module and a multi-burst joint synchronization module.
For convenience of explanation, in the present embodiment, the symbol rate R is set for both the synchronous interrogator and the synchronous responderSIs 15.625Msps (symbol period T)S64ns) as a waveform modulation technique; the length of the time synchronization frame is 800 us; taking m sequence with length of 63 (corresponding to 4.032us) as burst synchronization sequence; using a clock with 10 times symbol rate (156.25MHz) as modulation clock (for modulation and time measurement) and its modulation period width TC6.4 ns; using a clock with 4 times symbol rate as GMSK demodulation clock (for demodulation and pulse spreading), and its demodulation period width TDIs 16 ns. The flow of the embodiment of this example is as follows:
(1) multi-burst time-hopping transmitting module
As shown in fig. 3, the multi-burst time-hopping transmitter module divides a basic time slot in the time domain by 800us, divides service data (the service data is an inquiry transmitted by a synchronous interrogator or a response transmitted by a synchronous responder) into N data blocks in one basic time slot, inserts m sequences into each data block as complex baseband signals to form burst data frames, outputs the burst data frames to a controllable group delay transmitter filter, and outputs a group delay control quantity D of the N burst data framesi(i 1,2 … N), group delay control quantity DiIs the full arrangement of the arrays 0-N-1. Let DNN/2, and the rest group delay control quantity is an arbitrary value, thereby ensuring that the demodulation clock sampling error of the received inquiry/response waveform at any moment has uniform distribution characteristics and being beneficial to the clock unified correction of a receiving algorithm.
Considering the logic implementation of digital signal processing, the value of N is typically 2nAnd n is 3,4,5 …. In this embodiment, N is 16, and sequence D is selectediIs [0,1,2,3 ],4,5,6,7,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,8]。
(2) Controllable group delay transmitting filter
Group delay control amount time TiAnd demodulation clock width TDThe number N of burst data frames in the basic time slot and the group delay control quantity DiThe relationship of (1) is: t isi＝DiTDand/N. General TiMean value of by the demodulation clock width TDIs expressed as an integral multiple of DiPerforming a N/2 reduction treatment, TiThe correction is as follows: t isi＝(Di-N/2)TD/N，TiMean value by T from 0D/(2N)。
Controlling the amount of time T due to group delayiIs present beyond the modulation clock width TCIn the case of burst data frame, the burst data frame is controlled according to the group delay control amount time TiControllable group delay emission filtering processing is carried out, and the processing flow can be decomposed into mathematical mapping, Lagrange interpolation filtering, delay and selection operation. The mathematical mapping being according to TiObtaining muiAnd MiOf a controllable group delay transmit filter parameter muiAnd MiSatisfies the following conditions: t isi＝μi+Tc*MiThe mathematical mapping relation is as follows:wherein muiParameters of the lagrange interpolation filter. Lagrange interpolation filtering is based on muiThe interpolation operation of (2) changes the transmission burst data frame group delay. The delay and selection operations being by means of the resulting MiSelecting corresponding delay channel, using processing clock as unit to change action of transmitting burst data frame group delay, and implementing delay and selection operation by D trigger and selector, using D trigger to create delay channel and delay output of Lagrange interpolation filter, the number of D triggers is Mmax-MminIn this embodiment, Mi is-1/0/1, the number of D flip-flops is 2, and the selector selects the D flip-flop from the output of the D flip-flop and the output of the lagrange interpolation filterAnd selecting and outputting.
In the present embodiment, the T is corrected according toiAnd the value of each parameter, TiIs [ -8, -7, -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,0]ns, modulation clock TCAt 6.4ns, TiRewritten as [ -1.6, -0.6,0.4,1.4,2.4, -3, -2, -1,1,2,3, -2.4, -1.4, -0.4,0.6,0]+6.4*[-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0]ns。
(3) Single burst timing synchronization module
And the single burst timing synchronization module performs matching extraction on the complex baseband signals in the received burst data frames, performs correlation operation on the complex baseband signals to obtain complex correlation values, and outputs pulse detection signals. According to the impact characteristic of the synchronous sequence complex correlation value, root mean square (T) of the timing error under the working condition of receiving sensitivity is carried out by adopting early-late correlation peak estimationrms) Computer simulation, then detecting the pulse with TDIs subjected to time domain expansion, and the duration of the pulse detection signal after the time domain expansion is MTrms. The pulse detection position information approximately obeys normal distribution, and the computer simulation result shows that the value of M is M E [5,6 ]]It can be guaranteed that all bursts are captured simultaneously by the subsequent multi-burst joint synchronization module at a large probability.
(4) Upsampling module
The pulse detection signal after time domain expansion is up-sampled, and the processing clock is demodulated by a demodulation clock TDSwitching to a modulation clock TCThe precision of subsequent time measurement can be improved, and the measurement error of clock switching can be fixed-point modified by upper-layer software after the hardware program is solidified. The timing diagram is shown in fig. 5.
(5) Multi-burst joint synchronization module
According to the structure shown in fig. 6, the multi-burst joint synchronization module includes N dual-port RAM buffers, a summation operation, a threshold filtering, and a barycentric location calculation. And the multi-burst joint synchronization module performs multi-channel double-port RAM (random access memory) caching on the up-sampled extension pulse detection signals, and controls the reading time of the extension pulse detection signals according to the latched time-hopping time interval so that the extension pulse detection signals output by the multi-channel cache are aligned on a time axis. As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the buffering and aligning process for the burst data frame is as follows:
1, the N burst data frames respectively arrive at a receiver at times TH (N-1), TH (N-2) … TH (1), TH (0) (described by taking a TH (0) point as an alignment point) and are detected and obtained by a single burst timing synchronization module, and a detection signal after time domain spreading still obeys the time hopping sequence;
taking the first pulse as an example, if the 1 st pulse is aligned with the nth burst data frame, the first pulse needs to be delayed by (TH (0) -TH (N-1)); similarly, for the Kth pulse, it needs to be delayed by (TH (0) -TH (N-K));
and 3, the dual-port RAM buffers the detection signal according to the input (TH (0) -TH (N-k)), and the specific implementation mode is real-time writing, and the reading address is obtained according to a formula of reading address-writing delay to delay reading.
Outputting the combined pulse detection correlation value (J) by summation operation of the aligned extended pulse detection signalscorr) (ii) a Setting the detection threshold to be N/2, for JcorrThreshold filtering processing is carried out to obtain FJcorrCan effectively prevent the false alarm and the false alarm caused by the pulse detectioncorrThe abnormal problem ensures reliable burst signal capture in a complex electromagnetic environment, and the time sequence of the burst signal capture is shown in figure 7.
FJcorrThe waveform is partially enlarged as shown in fig. 8. The center of gravity position calculation module calculates the first FJ exceeding the detection thresholdcorrPosition as a start timing position TstartAnd to FJcorrCarrying out gravity center calculation to obtain a timing offset position TshiftOutputting a measurement clock T of modulated clock pulse widthmeasure，TmeasureReceiving time T used in RTT process1、T3The measurement of (2).
Suppose FJcorrLasting L modulation clock pulse widths, k being an independent variable of the series operation, k being 0.1.2 …L-1，TshiftGiven by equation 4.
The module only carries out caching and operation processing on the 1-bit extension pulse detection signal, can effectively reduce the storage depth of the double-port RAM and the operation digit of the adder, and has low requirement on hardware resources of a processing platform.
It will be understood that equivalents and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and all such modifications and alterations should fall within the scope of the claimed invention.
Claims (3)
1. A communication network time synchronization device comprises a transmitting channel and a receiving channel, wherein the transmitting channel comprises a multi-burst time-hopping transmitting module and a controllable group delay transmitting filter, and the receiving channel comprises a single-burst timing synchronization module, an up-sampling module and a multi-burst joint synchronization module;
the multi-burst time-hopping transmitting module is used for forming the received service data into N burst data frames in a basic time slot and outputting the group delay control quantity D of each burst data frameiAnd burst data frame to controllable group delay emission filterA wave filter; wherein i is 1,2 … N, DNN/2, other group delay control quantity DiIs an arbitrary value, and N takes a value of 2n，n＝3,4,5…；
The controllable group delay transmitting filter is used for firstly calculating the group delay control quantity time Ti：Ti＝(Di-N/2)TDN, according to a mathematical mapping:to obtain MiAccording to μi＝Tc*Mi-TiObtaining a parameter mu of a Lagrange interpolation filteri(ii) a Then according to the parameter muiPerforming Lagrange interpolation filtering on the burst data frame to change the group delay of the burst data frame; finally according to MiSelecting a corresponding delay channel to carry out time hopping transmission on the burst data frames after the group delay; wherein, TDRepresenting the width of the demodulation clock, TCRepresents the modulation clock width;
the single burst timing synchronization module is used for respectively matching the received N burst data frames to extract a complex baseband signal, carrying out correlation operation on the complex baseband signal to obtain a complex correlation value, outputting a pulse detection signal, and demodulating the pulse detection signal by a demodulation clock TDPerforming time domain expansion on the integral multiple of the time domain;
the up-sampling module is used for using a modulation clock TCPerforming up-sampling on the pulse detection signal after time domain expansion;
the multi-burst joint synchronization module is used for writing the pulse detection signals subjected to up-sampling into the corresponding double-port RAM for caching, and aligning the pulse detection signals output by the N double-port RAMs on a time axis; outputting a joint pulse detection correlation value J to the aligned pulse detection signals through summation operationcorr(ii) a Then setting the detection threshold as N/2, and detecting the correlation value J of the combined pulsecorrThreshold filtering processing is carried out to obtain a threshold filtering output combined pulse detection correlation value FJcorrFinally, the first threshold filtering exceeding the detection threshold is output to be combined with the pulse detection correlation value FJcorrPosition as a start timing position TstartAnd outputs the combined pulse detection correlation value FJ to the threshold filteringcorrCarrying out gravity center calculation to obtain a timing offset position TshiftOutputting a measurement clock T of modulated clock pulse widthmeasure(ii) a Wherein,l represents the number of modulation clock pulse widths, k is an argument of the series operation, and k is 0.1.2 … L-1.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controllable group delay transmit filter comprises a mathematical mapping module, a Lagrangian interpolation filter, D flip-flops, and a selector, wherein the number of D flip-flops is Mmax-Mmin，MmaxIs MiMaximum value of, MminIs MiIs measured.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the duration of the time-domain expanded pulse detection signal in the single-burst timing synchronization module is MTrms，TrmsFor the root mean square computer simulation result of the timing error under the working condition of receiving sensitivity, the value range of M belongs to the scope of 5,6]。
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| CN101146091A (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2008-03-19 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Multi-channel data output method and system |
| CN101465704A (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-24 | 华东电网有限公司 | Method for asynchronously loading and accurately positioning impulse signal in synchronious channel |
| WO2011016105A1 (en) * | 2009-08-03 | 2011-02-10 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Optical line termination, pon system, and data reception processing method |
| CN104702350A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-06-10 | 中国航空无线电电子研究所 | Radio distance measuring system of aerial radio communication system |
| CN104852876A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-08-19 | 中国航空无线电电子研究所 | Wireless aviation burst communication system |
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