CN106992676B - Automatic high-freedom DC/DC converter of flow equalizing - Google Patents

Automatic high-freedom DC/DC converter of flow equalizing Download PDF

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CN106992676B
CN106992676B CN201710392053.6A CN201710392053A CN106992676B CN 106992676 B CN106992676 B CN 106992676B CN 201710392053 A CN201710392053 A CN 201710392053A CN 106992676 B CN106992676 B CN 106992676B
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capacitor
diode
power switch
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power supply
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CN106992676A (en
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邾玢鑫
刘崧
黄悦华
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Wuhan Xinyuan Automatic Control Engineering Co.,Ltd.
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China Three Gorges University CTGU
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only

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  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

Compared with the existing converter, the automatic current-sharing high-freedom DC/DC converter provided by the invention has the advantages that the input phase number and the gain unit number can be adjusted, the automatic current sharing can be realized after the input phase number and the gain unit number are converted, and the large current sharing is omittedControl of the quantity sensor and complex control strategy design. When the method is applied to different occasions, the number of input phases and the number of gain units can be flexibly adjusted, the gain can be increased by multiple times when one input phase or one gain unit is added, and the ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage is m.n, whereinDFor duty cycle, m and n are the number of input phases and the number of gain units, respectively. Can meet the requirements of large-scale high-power and high-gain occasions. Compared with the prior high-gain technology, the invention has no coupling inductor and isolation transformer, reduces the current stress and voltage stress of the switch and the diode, and improves the overall working efficiency of the converter.

Description

Automatic high-freedom DC/DC converter of flow equalizing
Technical Field
The invention relates to a direct current-direct current converter, in particular to an automatic current-sharing high-freedom degree DC/DC converter.
Background
In the prior art, the research on the DC/DC converter applied to the application occasions of a high-capacity high-power transmission system is less, and most of the DC/DC converters are isolated converters, and the converters generally adopt a mode of changing the turn ratio of an intermediate isolation transformer to realize high gain, so that the control strategy is complex, the energy transmission efficiency is not high, and the like, so that the converters are limited in the application occasions such as offshore wind power, and the high-frequency transformer also has the disadvantages of being heavy, large in occupied area, high in investment cost, and the like, so that a portable and simple DC/DC converter with high gain can be realized urgently. Currently, there are three main types of converters studied for this problem: the first method is to realize high gain by resonance using a switched resonant capacitor and reduce the voltage stress of the power device, but the method has a complicated structure and needs more devices. Secondly, a coupling inductor is used to realize high gain, but the use of the coupling inductor not only causes the voltage stress of the switching device to be too high, but also causes magnetic interference, and increases the operating loss of the converter. Meanwhile, the scheme also has the problem of high difficulty in expanding the number of input phases when high gain is realized, and particularly has high difficulty in equalizing the current among input currents of all phases. And the third is a modular multilevel technology, high gain is realized by series-parallel connection between sub-modules, a highly modular structure can realize redundancy control, and the enhanced system reliability is high, but the converter generally needs to be added with a complex control strategy.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention solves the problems of complicated control strategy, difficult current sharing, unadjustable input phase number, excessive devices, overlarge voltage stress of a power switch and a diode, low energy conversion efficiency and the like of the conventional converter, and provides the DC/DC converter with high degree of freedom and automatic current sharing. The high degree of freedom of the converter is realized in the way that the converter can adjust different input phase numbers and gain unit numbers according to different application occasions, and the design of a large number of complex control strategies is saved due to the automatic current sharing characteristic.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a DC/DC converter with high freedom degree and automatic current equalization is composed of m input phases, n gain units, m power switches S1、S2...SmM inductors L1、L2...LmM.n capacitors Co、C11、C21、C31...CmnM.n diodes Do、D11、D21、D31...Dmn；
m is input into the number of phases,
first inductance L in the first phase1The input end of the capacitor is connected with the positive pole of the power supply, and the output end of the capacitor is connected with the capacitor C1(n-1)At one end of the first inductor L1And a capacitor C1(n-1)And a first power switch S between the node of (A) and the negative pole of the input power supply1First power switch S1A source connected to the negative electrode of the input power supply, a first power switch S1Drain electrode and first inductor L1And a capacitor C1(n-1)The nodes are connected;
second inductance L in the second phase2The input end of the capacitor is connected with the positive pole of the power supply, and the output end of the capacitor is connected with the capacitor C2nAt one end of the second inductor L2And a capacitor C2nAnd a second power switch S between the node of (A) and the negative pole of the input power supply2Second power switch S2A source connected to the negative electrode of the input power supply, a second power switch S2Drain electrode and second inductor L2And a capacitor C2nThe nodes are connected;
and so on to the m-th phase:
m-th inductance L in m-th phasemThe input end of the capacitor is connected with the positive pole of the power supply, and the output end of the capacitor is connected with the capacitor CmnAt the m-th inductance LmAnd a capacitor CmnAnd m-th power switch S between the node of (3) and the negative pole of the input power supplymMth power switch SmSource connected to negative pole of input power supply, mth power switch SmDrain and mth inductor LmAnd a capacitor CmnThe nodes are connected;
in the n gain cells, the gain of the gain cells,
in the gain unit n, a first inductor L1Output end is connected with a capacitor C1(n-1)One terminal of (1), a second inductance L2Output end is connected with a capacitor C2nTo the m-th inductor L by analogymOutput end is connected with a capacitor CmnTo one end of (a). Diode D2nCathode of (2) is connected with a capacitor C2nThe other end of the anode is connected with a capacitor C1(n-1)One end of (a); diode D3nCathode of (2) is connected with a capacitor C3nThe other end of the anode is connected with a capacitor C2nTo the other end of the diode D, and so onmnCathode of (2) is connected with a capacitor CmnThe other end of the anode is connected with a capacitor C(m-1)nThe other end of (a);
in the gain unit n-1, a first inductor L1Output end is connected with a capacitor C1(n-1)One terminal of (C), a capacitor2nAnother terminal of the capacitor C2(n-1)C to so onmnThe other end is connected with a capacitor Cm(n-1)To one end of (a). Diode D1(n-1)Cathode of (2) is connected with a capacitor C1(n-1)The other end of the anode is connected with a capacitor CmnThe other end of (a); diode D2(n-1)Cathode of (2) is connected with a capacitor C2(n-1)The other end of the anode is connected with a capacitor C1(n-1)To the other end of the diode D, and so onm(n-1)Cathode of (2) is connected with a capacitor Cm(n-1)The other end of the anode is connected with a capacitor C(m-1)(n-1)And the other end of the same.
And so on to gain element 1:
in the gain cell 1, a capacitor C12Another terminal of the capacitor C11One terminal of (C), a capacitor22Another terminal of the capacitor C21To one end of (C), and so on to Cm2Another terminal of the capacitor Cm1To one end of (a). Diode D11Cathode of (2) is connected with a capacitor C11The other end of the anode is connected with a capacitor Cm2The other end of (a); diode D12Cathode of (2) is connected with a capacitor C12The other end of the anode is connected with a capacitor C11To the other end of the diode D, and so onm1Cathode of (2) is connected with a capacitor Cm1The other end of the anode is connected with a capacitor C(m-1)1And the other end of the same.
Finally in the capacitor Cm1Another end of the diode D0Anode of (2), diode D0Cathode and capacitor C0And a load RLIs connected to one terminal of a capacitor C0And a load RLAnd the other end of the second switch is connected with the negative electrode of the input power supply.
A control method of a high-gain DC/DC converter with adjustable input phase number adopts a staggered control strategy between adjacent power switches; i.e. the switch drive phase differs by 180 deg. between each two adjacent phases.
The invention discloses an automatic current-sharing high-freedom DC/DC converter, which has the following technical effects:
1. the invention realizes high-gain output by using the DC/DC converter with adjustable input phase number and high degree of freedom, and can increase more than several times of basic gain on the basis of the altitude every time one input phase number or one gain unit number is added, and the ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage is as follows:
Figure BDA0001307745030000031
wherein D is the duty ratio, and m and n are the number of input phases and the number of gain units respectively. Compared with the prior art, the converter has the advantages that no coupling inductor is present, no transformer is present, the voltage stress of the switch and the diode is also greatly reduced, the input phase number and the gain unit of the converter are adjustable, the application range is wide, and the converter is more suitable for large-scale high-gain occasions.
2. The converter can realize automatic current equalization, compared with the non-uniform current existing in other converters, the current of each phase is not controllable, a plurality of sensors and control strategies must be added, and the like, and when the duty ratio of the switch is the same, each phase of current is equal.
3. The high degree of freedom of the converter is expressed in the regulation of the current stress of the converter on one hand, different input phase numbers can be regulated according to different application occasions, and the current stress of components can be effectively reduced by increasing the input phase numbers to share high input current; on the other hand, the voltage stress of each component can be effectively reduced while high boosting is realized by adjusting the voltage stress of the converter and changing the number of gain units.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a circuit topology diagram of the circuit of the present invention with 2 gain cells for 4 input phases.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 2, an automatic current-sharing 4-phase 2-gain-unit DC/DC converter comprises 3 input phases, 3 gain units, and 3 power switches S1、S2、S3、S44 inductors L1、L2、L3、L48 capacitors C0、C11、C21、C31、C41、C22、C32、C42Of which 12 diodes D0、D11、D21、D31、D41、D22、D23、D24(ii) a Wherein: of the 4 input phase numbers, the number of phases,
first inductance L in the first phase1The input end of the capacitor is connected with the positive pole of the power supply, and the output end of the capacitor is connected with the capacitor C11At one end of the first inductor L1And a capacitor C11And a first power switch S between the node of (A) and the negative pole of the input power supply1First power switch S1A source connected to the negative electrode of the input power supply, a first power switch S1Drain electrode and first inductor L1And a capacitor C11Are connected.
Second inductance L in the second phase2The input end of the power supply is connected with the anode of the power supply,output end is connected with a capacitor C22At one end of the second inductor L2And a capacitor C22And a second power switch S between the node of (A) and the negative pole of the input power supply2Second power switch S2A source connected to the negative electrode of the input power supply, a second power switch S2Drain electrode and second inductor L2And a capacitor C22Are connected.
Third inductor L in third phase3The input end of the capacitor is connected with the positive pole of the power supply, and the output end of the capacitor is connected with the capacitor C23At one end of the third inductor L3And a capacitor C23And a third power switch S between the node of (A) and the negative pole of the input power supply3Third power switch S3Source connected to negative pole of input power supply, and third power switch S3Drain and third inductor L3And a capacitor C23Are connected.
Fourth inductance L in the fourth phase4The input end of the capacitor is connected with the positive pole of the power supply, and the output end of the capacitor is connected with the capacitor C24At one end of the fourth inductor L4And a capacitor C24And a fourth power switch S connected between the node of (A) and the negative pole of the input power supply4Fourth power switch S4Source connected to negative pole of input power supply, fourth power switch S4Drain and fourth inductor L4And a capacitor C24Are connected.
In the n gain cells, the gain of the gain cells,
in the gain cell 2, a first inductor L1Output end is connected with a capacitor C11One terminal of (1), a second inductance L2Output end is connected with a capacitor C22One terminal of (1), a third inductance L3Output end is connected with a capacitor C32One end of (1), a fourth inductance L4Output end is connected with a capacitor C42To one end of (a). Diode D22Cathode of (2) is connected with a capacitor C22The other end of the anode is connected with a capacitor C11One end of (a); diode D32Cathode of (2) is connected with a capacitor C32The other end of the anode is connected with a capacitor C22Another terminal of (2), diode D42Cathode of (2) is connected with a capacitor C42The other end of the anode is connected with a capacitor C32And the other end of the same.
In the gain cell 1, a first inductor L1Output terminal is connectedCapacitor C11One terminal of (C), a capacitor22Another terminal of the capacitor C21One terminal of (C), a capacitor32Another terminal of the capacitor C31One terminal of (C), a capacitor42Another terminal of the capacitor C41To one end of (a). Diode D11Cathode of (2) is connected with a capacitor C11The other end of the anode is connected with a capacitor C42The other end of (a); diode D21Cathode of (2) is connected with a capacitor C21The other end of the anode is connected with a capacitor C11Another terminal of (2), diode D31Cathode of (2) is connected with a capacitor C31The other end of the anode is connected with a capacitor C21Another terminal of (2), diode D24Cathode of (2) is connected with a capacitor C24The other end of the anode is connected with a capacitor C13And the other end of the same.
Finally in the capacitor C41Another end of the diode D0Anode of (2), diode D0Cathode and capacitor C0And a load RLIs connected to one terminal of a capacitor C0And a load RLAnd the other end of the second switch is connected with the negative electrode of the input power supply.
According to the different states of the power switch, the circuit can be divided into three working states:
(1) the power switch is conducted, and the input power passes through the power switch S1、S2、S3、S4Respectively to the inductors L1、L2、L3、L4Charging; all diodes are turned off.
(2) The controller controls the power switch S1、S3Turn-off, power switch S2、S4Conducting when the low-voltage power supply passes through the inductor L1Diode D22Switch S2To the capacitor C22Charging through a capacitor C11And a diode D21To the capacitor C21Charging, to C11Discharging; while the low voltage power supply passes through the inductor L3Capacitor C32Diode D42Switch S4To the capacitor C42Charging, to C32Discharge through a capacitor C31And a diode D41To the capacitor C41Charging, to C31Discharging; at this timeSecond power switch S2And a fourth power switch S4Are all conducted, and the low-voltage power supply passes through the power switch S2、S4To the inductance L2、L4Charging; diode Do、D11、D31、D32Are all turned off.
(3) The controller controls the power switch S2、S4Turn-off, power switch S1、S3Conducting when the low-voltage power supply passes through the inductor L2Capacitor C22Diode D32Switch S3To the capacitor C32Charging the capacitor C22Discharge through a capacitor C21And a diode D31To the capacitor C31Charging, to C21Discharging; while the low voltage power supply passes through the inductor L4Capacitor C42Diode D11Switch S1To the capacitor C11Charging, to C42Discharge through a capacitor C41And a diode DoTo supply C41Discharge to the capacitor CoCharging while applying a voltage to a load RLSupplying power; at this time, the first power switch S1And a third power switch S3Are all conducted, and the low-voltage power supply passes through the power switch S1、S3To the inductance L1、L3Charging; diode D21、D41、D22、D42Are all turned off.
By the above-mentioned working state, the capacitor C42、C32、C22The ampere-second balance is easy to obtain:
Figure BDA0001307745030000051
from the above formula, one can obtain:
IL1＝IL2＝IL3＝IL4
through the analysis, the converter realizes automatic current sharing, and the parallel interleaving control mode with 180-degree phase shift shares input current through four input inductors, so that the current stress of components can be effectively reduced while high gain is realized.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Variations and modifications in other variations will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Not all embodiments are exhaustive. All obvious changes and modifications which are obvious to be filed are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (1)

1. A current sharing method of an automatic current sharing high-freedom degree DC/DC converter is characterized in that: the method comprises an automatic current-sharing high-freedom DC/DC converter, wherein the converter comprises m input phases, n gain units and m power switches S1、S2...SmM inductors L1、L2...LmM.n capacitors Co、C11、C21、C31...CmnM.n diodes Do、D11、D21、D31...Dmn；
m is input into the number of phases,
first inductance L in the first phase1The input end of the capacitor is connected with the positive pole of the power supply, and the output end of the capacitor is connected with the capacitor C1(n-1)At one end of the first inductor L1And a capacitor C1(n-1)And a first power switch S between the node of (A) and the negative pole of the input power supply1First power switch S1A source connected to the negative electrode of the input power supply, a first power switch S1Drain electrode and first inductor L1And a capacitor C1(n-1)The nodes are connected;
second inductance L in the second phase2The input end of the capacitor is connected with the positive pole of the power supply, and the output end of the capacitor is connected with the capacitor C2nAt one end of the second inductor L2And a capacitor C2nAnd a second power switch S between the node of (A) and the negative pole of the input power supply2Second power switch S2A source connected to the negative electrode of the input power supply, a second power switch S2Drain electrode and second inductor L2And a capacitor C2nThe nodes are connected;
and so on to the m-th phase:
m-th inductance L in m-th phasemThe input end of the capacitor is connected with the positive pole of the power supply, and the output end of the capacitor is connected with the capacitor CmnAt the m-th inductance LmAnd a capacitor CmnAnd m-th power switch S between the node of (3) and the negative pole of the input power supplymMth power switch SmSource connected to negative pole of input power supply, mth power switch SmDrain and mth inductor LmAnd a capacitor CmnThe nodes are connected;
in the n gain cells, the gain of the gain cells,
in the gain unit n, a first inductor L1Output end is connected with a capacitor C1(n-1)One terminal of (1), a second inductance L2Output end is connected with a capacitor C2nTo the m-th inductor L by analogymOutput end is connected with a capacitor CmnOne end of (a); diode D2nCathode of (2) is connected with a capacitor C2nThe other end of the anode is connected with a capacitor C1(n-1)One end of (a); diode D3nCathode of (2) is connected with a capacitor C3nThe other end of the anode is connected with a capacitor C2nTo the other end of the diode D, and so onmnCathode of (2) is connected with a capacitor CmnThe other end of the anode is connected with a capacitor C(m-1)nThe other end of (a);
in the gain unit n-1, a first inductor L1Output end is connected with a capacitor C1(n-1)One terminal of (C), a capacitor2nAnother terminal of the capacitor C2(n-1)C to so onmnThe other end is connected with a capacitor Cm(n-1)One end of (a); diode D1(n-1)Cathode of (2) is connected with a capacitor C1(n-1)The other end of the anode is connected with a capacitor CmnThe other end of (a); diode D2(n-1)Cathode of (2) is connected with a capacitor C2(n-1)The other end of the anode is connected with a capacitor C1(n-1)To the other end of the diode D, and so onm(n-1)Cathode of (2) is connected with a capacitor Cm(n-1)The other end of the anode is connected with a capacitor C(m-1)(n-1)The other end of (a);
and so on to gain element 1:
in the gain cell 1, a capacitor C12Another terminal of the capacitor C11One terminal of (C), a capacitor22Another end of (1)A capacitor C21To one end of (C), and so on to Cm2Another terminal of the capacitor Cm1One end of (a); diode D11Cathode of (2) is connected with a capacitor C11The other end of the anode is connected with a capacitor Cm2The other end of (a); diode D21Cathode of (2) is connected with a capacitor C21The other end of the anode is connected with a capacitor C11To the other end of the diode D, and so onm1Cathode of (2) is connected with a capacitor Cm1The other end of the anode is connected with a capacitor C(m-1)1The other end of (a);
finally in the capacitor Cm1Another end of the diode D0Anode of (2), diode D0Cathode and capacitor C0And a load RLIs connected to one terminal of a capacitor C0And a load RLThe other end of the first switch is connected with the negative electrode of the input power supply;
when m is 4 and n is 2, the current sharing method of the DC/DC converter comprises the following steps:
(1) the power switch is conducted, and the low-voltage power supply passes through the power switch S1、S2、S3、S4Respectively to the inductors L1、L2、L3、L4Charging; all diodes are turned off;
(2) the controller controls the power switch S1、S3Turn-off, power switch S2、S4Conducting when the low-voltage power supply passes through the inductor L1Diode D22Switch S2To the capacitor C22Charging through a capacitor C11And a diode D21To the capacitor C21Charging, to C11Discharging; while the low voltage power supply passes through the inductor L3Capacitor C32Diode D42Switch S4To the capacitor C42Charging, to C32Discharge through a capacitor C31And a diode D41To the capacitor C41Charging, to C31Discharging; at this time, the second power switch S2And a fourth power switch S4Are all conducted, and the low-voltage power supply passes through the power switch S2、S4To the inductance L2、L4Charging; diode Do、D11、D31、D32All are turned off;
(3) the controller controls the power switch S2、S4Turn-off, power switch S1、S3Conducting when the low-voltage power supply passes through the inductor L2Capacitor C22Diode D32Switch S3To the capacitor C32Charging the capacitor C22Discharge through a capacitor C21And a diode D31To the capacitor C31Charging, to C21Discharging; while the low voltage power supply passes through the inductor L4Capacitor C42Diode D11Switch S1To the capacitor C11Charging, to C42Discharge through a capacitor C41And a diode DoTo supply C41Discharge to the capacitor CoCharging while applying a voltage to a load RLSupplying power; at this time, the first power switch S1And a third power switch S3Are all conducted, and the low-voltage power supply passes through the power switch S1、S3To the inductance L1、L3Charging; diode D21、D41、D22、D42All are turned off;
by the above-mentioned working state, the capacitor C42、C32、C22The ampere-second balance is easy to obtain:
Figure FDA0002448939080000021
from the above formula, one can obtain:
IL1＝IL2＝IL3＝IL4；
wherein, IL1、IL2、IL3、IL4Respectively representing the current flowing through the inductors L1、L2、L3、L4Average value of the current above;
through the analysis, the converter realizes automatic current sharing, and the parallel interleaving control mode with 180-degree phase shift shares the input current through four input inductors.
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CN102946194A (en) * 2012-12-12 2013-02-27 重庆大学 High-gain interleaving boost converter
CN206850670U (en) * 2017-05-27 2018-01-05 三峡大学 A kind of high-freedom degree DC/DC converters of automatic current equalizing

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102324841A (en) * 2011-09-23 2012-01-18 重庆大学 Multi-input high-gain boost converter
CN102946194A (en) * 2012-12-12 2013-02-27 重庆大学 High-gain interleaving boost converter
CN206850670U (en) * 2017-05-27 2018-01-05 三峡大学 A kind of high-freedom degree DC/DC converters of automatic current equalizing

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