CN106989904A - A kind of measuring method of polarization maintaining optical fibre extinction ratio - Google Patents
A kind of measuring method of polarization maintaining optical fibre extinction ratio Download PDFInfo
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/30—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides
- G01M11/33—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter being disposed at one fibre or waveguide end-face, and a light receiver at the other end-face
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Abstract
The present invention is to provide a kind of measuring method of polarization maintaining optical fibre extinction ratio.According to the coupling condition in testing fiber, measurement successively is obtained width, left and right endpoint location and the energy of the full width at half maximum of interference peaks and main peak, the extinction ratio of crosstalk point in optical fiber is obtained using the ratio calculation of interference peaks energy and main peak energy；, it is necessary to measure the noise power in interference signal when calculating the energy of the interference peaks under low signal-to-noise ratio, the noise energy included in interference peaks energy is calculated, the deviation that noise is introduced in measurement process is finally eliminated；This method measurement accuracy is high, and measurement result eliminates dispersive influence, it is possible to achieve the accurate measurement of High Extinction Ratio under low signal-to-noise ratio, can be widely applied to the analysis of the optics high to extinction ratio measurement request.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optics measuring method, specifically a kind of measurement of polarization maintaining optical fibre extinction ratio
Method.
Background technology
Polarization maintaining optical fibre can keep the special optical fiber of light polarization state as a kind of, be widely used in coherent light optical fiber and lead to
Letter system, optical fibre gyro, optical passive component and the optical fiber sensor sensitive to polarization state, due to existing inside polarization maintaining optical fibre
Remain stress, or manufacturing process imperfection, and pad presence, the optical coupling part transmitted in main shaft can be made
Onto orthogonal optical axis, the luminous power ratio on two orthogonal optical axises is exactly polarization extinction ratio, is gone here and there inside accurate measurement polarization maintaining optical fibre
Extinction ratio a little is disturbed for analysis polarization maintaining optical fibre important in inhibiting.
The method of testing of current extinction ratio mainly has rotation analyzer method, optical time domain reflectometry, polarized light interference method etc..Rotation
Robin is mainly by measuring the ratio between the maximum luminous energy of polarizer and minimum luminous energy to measure the size of extinction ratio, and this method needs
Light path is frequently adjusted, while being limited to measuring method, measurement accuracy is only limitted to 60dB.Optical time domain interferometric method is dorsad dissipated by measurement
Power calculation extinction ratio on coloured light polarized orthogonal axle, this method experimental provision is complicated, is difficult to implement.
Optical coherence domain polarimetry technology (OCDP) is a kind of high-precision distributed polarization coupling measurement technology, the technology
Optical path compensation is carried out by scan-type optical interdferometer, the interference between different polarization pattern is realized, can be to the space of polarization interference
Position, polarization coupled signal intensity carry out high-precision measurement and analysis.OCDP technologies are used as a kind of very promising distribution
The detection method of formula optical polarization performance, is widely used in the fields such as polarization maintaining optical fibre manufacture, the test of device extinction ratio.And it is how sharp
Extinction ratio meter calculation is carried out with these distribution crosstalk points, then needs to build a kind of measuring method of extinction ratio.
2015, Lu Congming et al. proposed polarization maintaining optical fibre extinction ratio real-time test device (CN 201510224794.4),
This method carries out division and its other computings by photodetector and signal processing unit to luminous power, obtains tested polarization
The extinction ratio of light.This method can realize the real-time measurement of polarised light extinction ratio, but can not measure the distributed extinction ratio of optical fiber.
2014, Vitaly Mikhailov of OFS companies of the U.S. et al. (US 20140218733) disclosed one kind and disappeared
Light is than the detection means of measurement, and the energy that this method will be coupled into another axle is changed into electric signal in real time, by electric signal it
Between the mode of ratio measure extinction ratio.This method can equally obtain the distributed extinction ratio of device under test and eliminate and measure
The influence of veiling glare in journey, but when measuring High Extinction Ratio, because coupling energy is weaker, the electric signal of transformation is inaccurate, because
This measurement result is unsatisfactory.
2011, Zhang Hongxia et al. proposed a kind of White Light Interferometer polarizer extinction ratio test demodulation method
(CN201110434816.1), this method obtains extinction ratio using polarization interference intensity, and design threshold makes extinction ratio measurement more
Accurately, but this method by read peak value method measure extinction ratio, can be influenceed by dispersion and noise, there is result
Some deviations.
The content of the invention
Dispersion and the influence of noise can be eliminated it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of, the high polarization maintaining optical fibre of accuracy disappears
Light than measuring method.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this：
Step 1: the length for measuring polarization maintaining optical fibre 10 to be measured, 0 ° of polarizer tail optical fiber 7 and 45 ° of analyzer tail optical fibers 13 is respectively
Lf、Lin、Lout, 0 ° of polarizer tail optical fiber 7 is to be measured with measuring with measuring polarization maintaining optical fibre input 9 to be measured, 45 ° of analyzer tail optical fibers 13
Polarization maintaining optical fibre output end 11 carries out 0 °~0 ° alignment welding；
Step 2: the polarizer and analyzer are linked into distribution type fiber-optic polarization interference measurement apparatus, wide spectrum optical is opened
Source 1, driving light path scanner 19, the distributed polarization string of integrated optical device is measured using optical coherence domain polarization measurement device
Disturb, obtain measuring the coupling condition V (x) in polarization maintaining optical fibre to be measured；
Step 3: the fiber lengths obtained using measurement, with formula S=Δ n × (Lout+Lin+Lf) determine crosstalk point 8 in V
(x) corresponding interference peaks are 506 in, with formula S=Δ n × LoutDetermine that the corresponding interference peaks in V (x) of crosstalk point 12 are
502, wherein Δ n=5 × 10-4；
Step 4: entering to measuring the obvious interference peaks 503,504,505 existed inside polarization maintaining optical fibre to be measured and main peak 501
Row measurement, obtains the left and right endpoint location X of the complete width of interference peaks successively50i-j(i=3,4,5, j=1,2) and main peak is complete
The left and right endpoint location X of whole width501-j(j=1,2)；
Step 5: calculating the energy of each interference peaks and main peak successively
Step 6: the Noise Background data 507 in measurement result of interference, obtain noise power σ2If, the width of interference peaks
It is worth 30dB more than higher than Noise Background, the calculation formula of the extinction ratio of the corresponding crosstalk point of the interference peaks is：
If Step 7: the amplitude of interference peaks and the difference in height of Noise Background are less than 30dB, before extinction ratio is calculated first
Remove the noise energy included in interference peaks；Calculate the noise energy N included in the interference peaks50i=σ2·(X50i-2-X50i-1),
Subtract the noise energy E included in the interference peaks50i=E '50i-N50i, the interference peaks and main peak energy balane obtained using measurement
Obtain the corresponding extinction ratio PER of the interference peaks50i。
The present invention can also include：
1st, the left and right endpoint location X of interference peaks and the complete width of main peak50i-jMeasuring method be：Measurement is done first
Relate to the width W of the full width at half maximum of peak and main peak50iWith the coordinate P at peak value50i, recycle formula X5i1=P50i-2W50iAnd X5i2=
P50i+2W50iThe left and right end points to complete interference peaks at position coordinates.
2nd, noise power σ2Computational methods be：The Noise Background data 507 on the right side of coupling condition V (x) are chosen, data are long
Degree elects 8mm as, obtains the beginning and end position y of this data1And y2, noise power is calculated as follows：
The principle of method of the present invention is：The signal that wide spectrum light source 1 is sent passes through 2/98 coupler 2, and 2% power enters
Enter to detector 3, for detecting light source power, remaining light is polarized device 6 and is changed into polarised light 4 after isolator, by rising
Inclined device tail optical fiber 7, by solder joint 8, after Y waveguide input optical fibre 9, detection light is entered 11 in waveguide device to be measured；Light is being passed
Some optics discontinuity poinies are run into during defeated, including：Optical fiber solder joint, the defect of inside of optical fibre etc., transmission can be made in a spy
Levy axle optically coupling to another axle, above-mentioned coupling light is output in white light measurement apparatus together with remaining transmission light, pass through driving
Light path scanner 22, carries out optical path compensation, and coupling light will be interfered with transmission light, the intensity of interference peaks and light path position with
The optical property of optics is corresponded.
Principle of interference in scanning light beam as shown in figure 4, when optical path difference is equal to Δ nl, couple in light 404 and reference beam
The light path of transmission light 401 match, then produce white light interference signal, its peak amplitude isIt with
The coupling amplitude factor and the intensity of light source of defect point are directly proportional, be equal to when optical path difference-Δ nl when, transmission light 407 in scanning light beam
Matched with the light path of coupling light 402 in reference beam, then produce white light interference signal, its peak amplitude isIt is identical when being Δ nl with optical path difference.As figure shows, compared with when optical path difference is Δ nl, this white light
Interference signal is symmetrical on light path therewith, identical in amplitude.
The spectrum Gaussian distributed of the incident light source used in experiment, therefore the white light interference signal at single peak can be with table
It is shown as：
η=(Δ λ/λ in formula0)22 π c (Δ D) l, represent abbe number, wherein λ0The centre wavelength of light source is represented,
Δ λ represents half spectral width of light source, and l represents fiber lengths, and Δ D represents the birefringence dispersion of polarization maintaining optical fibre, IcRepresent transmission light
The light intensity of light at crosstalk point x from spindle coupled to normal axis, by interfering the ratio between peak-to-peak value to obtain delustring
Than：
Result is to measure extinction ratio by reading the method for peak value above.It is observed that from Fig. 3：Due to depositing for dispersion
The amplitude of interference peaks is being caused to decline, the width 304 of interference peaks 302 is greater than the width 303 of interference peaks 301, and peak value is also simultaneously
It can be influenceed by noise, therefore which calculates actual result and is expressed as：
Find out from result, result of calculation can be influenceed by dispersion and noise the two factors, and dispersion and noise pair
The influence of extinction ratio can not be measured and obtained, therefore calculates between obtained result and actual value and always to exist in this way
Deviation.Due to interference peaks energy largest light intensity of the size with coupling light square into a fixed proportionality coefficient, so dry
Relate to the ratio that ratio between peak energy amount is equal between largest light intensity, thus measure extinction ratio by way of interference peaks energy can
To eliminate dispersive influence.Interference peaks derivation of energy formula is
P in formulac、PnInterference peaks and noise energy are represented respectively, and the expression formula that extinction ratio is calculated is
P in formula0Represent the energy at main peak, Err (Pn)=10log (1+1/SNR), wherein SNR represent interference peaks energy with
The ratio of the noise energy included in interference peaks.Because noise is very small so energy at main peak on the measurement influence of main peak energy
Amount can be ignored, and we only analyze the noise energy at interference peaks.Noise energy expression formula is
Pn=N σ2
Wherein N is the width of interference peaks.This method this patent is expressed as power method.Power method, which can be calculated, to be obtained noise and exists
Error and then remove that calculating process is introduced, the extinction ratio finally given eliminates dispersion and the influence of noise, improves measurement knot
The accuracy of fruit.Fig. 6 gives standard deviation size of two kinds of metering systems under different state of signal-to-noise, can from figure
Go out, the standard deviation calculated in power method is than reading the method for peak value with small, and accuracy of measurement is higher.Fig. 7 gives two kinds of sides
The formula influence of noise to measurement result under different state of signal-to-noise, it can be seen that noise influences for reading the mode of peak value
It is bigger.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that：
(1) this method can accurately measure the High Extinction Ratio under low signal-to-noise ratio, and measured deviation is smaller than reading peak method,
Improve the measuring accuracy of extinction ratio.
(2) by measuring the Noise Background data in interference data, the deviation that noise is brought in measurement process is eliminated, is carried
The high degree of accuracy of extinction ratio measurement.
(3) this method can eliminate the influence that birefringence dispersion is brought when measuring extinction ratio, by accurately intercepting interference
The mode of the complete width at peak calculates the energy of interference peaks, by the ratio calculation extinction ratio between energy, can realize polarization-maintaining
Optical fiber extinction ratio is fast and accurately measured.
The present invention is based on white light interference theory, on the basis of polarization maintaining optical fibre interference data is obtained, by calculating interference peaks
The mode of energy measures extinction ratio, eliminates the influence of dispersion.Pass through Noise Background in dialogue optical interference signals and interference peak width
The detection of degree, eliminates the error that noise is introduced.This method has the advantages that measurement accuracy is high, quick and precisely, can be widely applied to
In the analysis of the integrated optical device high to extinction ratio measurement request.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram for measuring polarization maintaining optical fibre internal crosstalk situation；
Fig. 2 is the Experimental equipment that polarization maintaining optical fibre is measured based on optical coherence domain polarization measurement device；
Fig. 3 is preferable interference pattern and the interference pattern by dispersion and influence of noise；
Fig. 4 is the interference signal amplitude and light path corresponding relation schematic diagram of polarization interference formation；
Fig. 5 is the polarization interference data of polarization maintaining optical fibre；
Fig. 6 is the standard deviation for the Coupling point extinction ratio for reading the peak value lower 100 groups of data of signal to noise ratio different with power method measurement；
Fig. 7 is under the different state of signal-to-noise, to read the influence of noise being subject to when peak value and power method measurement extinction ratio
Size.
Embodiment
For the measuring method for the extinction ratio for clearly demonstrating polarization maintaining optical fibre of the present invention, with reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing to this
Invention is described further, but should not be limited the scope of the invention with this.
Embodiment 1
(1) step 101, interception polarizer tail optical fiber length is 23.1m, and the analyzer tail optical fiber length of interception is 12.4m, polarization-maintaining
The length of optical fiber is 100m；
(2) step 102, by polarizer tail optical fiber 7 and polarization maintaining optical fibre input 9, polarization maintaining optical fibre output end 11 and analyzer are defeated
Enter tail optical fiber 13 and carry out 0 °~0 ° welding.
(3) step 103, opens light source, obtains coupling condition V (x), as shown in Figure 5.Device measurement apparatus as shown in Fig. 2
The parameter of white light interferometric device is as follows：The used centre wavelength of light source 1 is 1550nm, and spectrum width is more than 50nm, output light source
Power is more than 2mW, and light source ripple is less than 0.05dB.The splitting ratio of coupler 2 is respectively 2：98；The operation wavelength of optoisolator 4
It is less than 0.8dB for 1550nm, insertion loss；The operation wavelength of the polarizer 6 and analyzer 14 is 1550nm, and extinction ratio is 30dB,
Insertion loss is less than 1dB；The operation wavelength of coupler 16,20 is 1310/1550nm, and splitting ratio is 50：50；Optical fiber circulator 17
For three-port circulator, insertion loss 1dB, return loss is more than 55dB, and the operation wavelength of collimation lens 20 is 1550nm, it with
Light path scanning distance between removable optical mirror 19 is in 0~200mm, and insertion loss is less than 1.5dB.Photodetector 3,
21st, 22 operation wavelength is between 1100~1700nm, and responsiveness is more than 0.85；Experimentation is that wide spectrum light source sends flashlight
By 2:98 coupler, 2% power is sent to progress detection light source power in detector 0, and remaining luminous power passes through coupling
After clutch again through 45 ° of polarizers 6 by energy being coupled in the fast and slow axis of polarization maintaining optical fibre 7 on an equal basis, after polarization maintaining optical fibre 10 again
By analyzer tail optical fiber 15, it is injected into the Mach-Zehnder interferometer of all -fiber, interference signal out passes through differential detector
Detected.
(4) width of position and full width at half maximum at step 104, the measurement peak value of interference peaks 503,504,505,501, peak
Position at value is, 0,1.47 × 104, 3.96 × 104, 5.19 × 104Width at (μm), full width at half maximum is 84,110,180,
200(μm)。
(5) step 105 and 106, calculates each interference peaks or so endpoint location X successively50i-1=P50i-2W50i, X50i-2=
P50i+2W50i, and utilize the energy of each interference peaks of formula (1) calculating.
(6) step 107 and 108, is measured to the noise data at 507, and it is 5.8 × 10 to obtain noise power-9, background
Noise is -82.3dB, while it is respectively -57.4dB, -66.1dB, -53.9dB that measurement, which obtains the amplitude of interference peaks 503,504,505,.
Judge whether interference peak-to-peak value is more than more than Noise Background 30dB.As a result show that the signal to noise ratio of interference peaks 503,504 is relatively low, interfere
The signal to noise ratio of peak 505 is high, it is possible to interference peaks 505 are directly carried out with energy integral and calculates extinction ratio.
(7) step 109 and 110, the noise power σ obtained using measurement2, and 503,504 interference peaks or so endpoint location,
Utilize formula：
N50i=σ2(X50i-2-X50i-1)
The noise energy size for obtaining including in interference peaks is calculated, and the energy of noise in interference peaks is removed.
(8) step 111, utilizes formula：
Calculate the extinction ratio of interference peaks correspondence crosstalk point.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of measuring method of polarization maintaining optical fibre extinction ratio, it is characterized in that：
Step 1: measuring the length difference of polarization maintaining optical fibre to be measured (10), 0 ° of polarizer tail optical fiber (7) and 45 ° of analyzer tail optical fibers (13)
For Lf、Lin、Lout, by 0 ° of polarizer tail optical fiber (7) with measure polarization maintaining optical fibre input (9) to be measured, 45 ° of analyzer tail optical fibers (13) with
Measure polarization maintaining optical fibre output end (11) to be measured and carry out 0 °~0 ° alignment welding；
Step 2: the polarizer and analyzer are linked into distribution type fiber-optic polarization interference measurement apparatus, wide spectrum light source is opened
(1), driving light path scanner (19), the distributed polarization of integrated optical device is measured using optical coherence domain polarization measurement device
Crosstalk, obtains measuring the coupling condition V (x) in polarization maintaining optical fibre to be measured；
Step 3: the fiber lengths obtained using measurement, with formula S=Δ n × (Lout+Lin+Lf) determine crosstalk point (8) in V
(x) corresponding interference peaks are (506) in, with formula S=Δ n × LoutDetermine crosstalk point (12) corresponding interference peaks in V (x)
For (502), wherein Δ n=5 × 10-4；
Step 4: entering to measuring the obvious interference peaks (503,504,505) existed inside polarization maintaining optical fibre to be measured and main peak (501)
Row measurement, obtains the left and right endpoint location X of the complete width of interference peaks successively50i-j(i=3,4,5, j=1,2) and main peak is complete
The left and right endpoint location X of whole width501-j(j=1,2)；
Step 5: calculating the energy of each interference peaks and main peak successively
Step 6: the Noise Background data (507) in measurement result of interference, obtain noise power σ2If, the Amplitude Ration of interference peaks
High more than the 30dB of Noise Background, the calculation formula of the extinction ratio of the corresponding crosstalk point of the interference peaks is：
If Step 7: the amplitude of interference peaks and the difference in height of Noise Background are less than 30dB, first removed before extinction ratio is calculated
The noise energy included in interference peaks；Calculate the noise energy N included in the interference peaks50i=σ2·(X50i-2-X50i-1), subtract
The noise energy E included in the interference peaks50i=E5′0i-N50i, obtained using the obtained interference peaks of measurement and main peak energy balane
The corresponding extinction ratio PER of the interference peaks50i。
2. a kind of measuring method of polarization maintaining optical fibre extinction ratio according to claim 1, it is characterized in that interference peaks and main peak
The left and right endpoint location X of complete width50i-jMeasuring method be：Measurement obtains the width of the full width at half maximum of interference peaks and main peak first
Spend W50iWith the coordinate P at peak value50i, recycle formula X5i1=P50i-2W50iAnd X5i2=P50i+2W50iTo complete interference peaks
Position coordinates at the end points of left and right.
3. the measuring method of a kind of polarization maintaining optical fibre extinction ratio according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that noise power σ2's
Computational methods are：The Noise Background data 507 on the right side of coupling condition V (x) are chosen, data length elects 8mm as, obtains this data
Beginning and end position y1And y2, noise power is calculated as follows：
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| CN108398242A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-08-14 | 北京交通大学 | Elliptical polarization keeps the measuring device and method of optical fiber extinction ratio |
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| CN110207953A (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-09-06 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Optical fiber structure-based linearly polarized light laser extinction ratio testing method |
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