CN106989717A - A kind of quasigeoid detection method and device - Google Patents
A kind of quasigeoid detection method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of level surface detection method and device, belong to geographical mapping field, and in particular to a kind of quasigeoid detection method and device.The detection point height of this method and device, which is used, is not less than national second-class bench mark as elevation Fixed Initial Point, by second grade leveling precision testing, observed with digital level or accurate triangulated height, height anomaly change can be compared greatly with the region without level Fixed Initial Point to the discrepancy in elevation between two test points；The Level Height of test point can be compared with obtaining elevation by Precision Quasi-geoid Determining simultaneously, count test point position mean square error of height, the quality of Precision Quasi-geoid Determining can be thus evaluated objective reality, grasp the reliability and accuracy of Precision Quasi-geoid Determining Result.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of level surface detection method and device, belong to geographical mapping field, and in particular to a kind of like big
Ground-level detection method and device.
Background technology
Quasigeoid --- measure the occluding surface that normal high gained end points is constituted from ground point along normal gravity line.
Quasigeoid is not strictly level surface, but close to level surface, is only intended to the secondary surface calculated.It with
Geoid not exclusively coincide, and difference is normal high and positive high difference.Just high and normal high size of the difference, the height with a position
Journey and the Mass Distribution of earth interior have relation, and in the High Altitude in West China such as China Qinghai-Tibet Platean area, both differences are maximum up to 3
Rice, about several centimetres of this species diversity in central and east plains region.When on the face of ocean, quasigeoid and geoid weight
Close.
The resolution ratio of national quasigeoid should be not less than 15 ' × 15 ', its precision：Level land, hilly ground should be not less than ±
0.3m, mountain region and high mountain region should be not less than ± 0.6m.
The height anomaly control point of national quasigeoid, its coordinate and height accuracy should be not less than national second-class the earth
Network point and the precision of national second grade leveling site.
The resolution ratio of provincial quasigeoid should be not less than 5 ' × 5 ', its precision：Level land, hilly ground should be not less than ±
0.1m, mountain region and high mountain region should be not less than ± 0.3m.
The adjacent height anomaly control point of provincial quasigeoid, the precision of its height anomaly difference is in level land, hilly ground
It is not less than ± 0.1m, is not less than ± 0.3m in mountain region, high mountain region.
At present, quasigeoid detection technique complex operation of the prior art, computational efficiency is low, and precision is low, and
And evaluate the quality of Precision Quasi-geoid Determining with being unable to objective reality, it is difficult to grasp the reliable of Precision Quasi-geoid Determining Result
Property and accuracy.
The content of the invention
There is provided a kind of quasigeoid for above-mentioned technical problem of the present invention mainly present in solution prior art
Detection method and device.The detection point height use of this method and device is not less than national second-class bench mark and started at as elevation
Point, by second grade leveling precision testing, is observed with digital level or accurate triangulated height, to height anomaly change greatly with it is anhydrous
The region of quasi- Fixed Initial Point can be compared the discrepancy in elevation two test points；Simultaneously can be to the Level Height of test point and by like greatly
Level surface refine acquisition elevation be compared, count test point position mean square error of height, it is thus possible to evaluate seemingly objective reality
The quality of level Geoid, grasps the reliability and accuracy of Precision Quasi-geoid Determining Result.
The above-mentioned technical problem of the present invention is mainly what is be addressed by following technical proposals：
A kind of quasigeoid detection method, including：
Test point selecting step, for being made an on-the-spot survey on the spot by the data to collection, determines country etc. in regional extent
The existence and bench mark distribution situation of level bench mark, isopleth and country obtained by making an on-the-spot survey etc. are distributed as height anomaly in region
Level bench mark distribution situation, Rational choice simultaneously lays quasigeoid test point；
Fieldwork observation step, for carrying out fieldwork observation, including horizontal control survey and vertical control survey to test point；
Achievement calculation procedure, for carrying out achievement calculating to the data of observation, draws test point geodetic height, normal high, flat
Areal coordinate, and using test point plane coordinates as known date, elevation of being refined at test point is obtained using geoid model；
Accuracy assessment step, obtains elevation for actual measurement Level Height and Precision Quasi-geoid Determining to test point and carries out
Comparison of results analysis draws quasigeoid quality of achievement and carries out accuracy assessment.
A kind of quasigeoid detection means, including：
Test point chooses module, for being made an on-the-spot survey on the spot by the data to collection, determines country etc. in regional extent
The existence and bench mark distribution situation of level bench mark, isopleth and country obtained by making an on-the-spot survey etc. are distributed as height anomaly in region
Level bench mark distribution situation, Rational choice simultaneously lays quasigeoid test point；
Fieldwork observation module, for carrying out fieldwork observation, including horizontal control survey and vertical control survey to test point；
Achievement computing module, for carrying out achievement calculating to the data of observation, draws test point geodetic height, normal high, flat
Areal coordinate, and the test point that field operation surveys is obtained by Precision Quasi-geoid Determining refined elevation；
Accuracy assessment module, obtains elevation for actual measurement Level Height and Precision Quasi-geoid Determining to test point and carries out
Comparison of results analysis draws quasigeoid quality of achievement and carries out accuracy assessment.
Therefore, the invention has the advantages that：1. detect that point height uses national classified leveling point as elevation Fixed Initial Point,
By national classified leveling precision testing, observed with digital level or accurate triangulated height, to height anomaly change greatly and nothing
The region of level Fixed Initial Point can be compared the discrepancy in elevation two test points；2. can be to the Level Height of test point and by like greatly
Level surface refine acquisition elevation be compared, count test point position mean square error of height.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is a kind of workflow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, and with reference to accompanying drawing, technical scheme is described in further detail.
Embodiment：
The method to the present invention is described in detail below.
1st, detector layout and selection principle
Test point requirement is distributed in the range of administrative division, and the high mountain, hills, Plain and the network of rivers of the whole province are covered substantially
Area.Lay test point sum and be not less than 50, wherein having been carried out quasi-geoid region, utilize existing high accuracy
Three dimensions control point achievement is directly checked.
Wherein, (1), which changes region greatly to height anomaly, can increase test point quantity, and height anomaly change zonule can be reduced
Layout requirement；(2) chosen position of test point can will simultaneously meet GNSS and leveling observation condition, it is preferential choose country it is second-class with
Upper bench mark is used as test point；(3) national A, B grade of GPS point and CORS base stations are avoided in the test point requirement chosen, and are examined simultaneously
Measuring point should not be selected in the mining area that big quantity of material moves, stone pit, largely fetch earth, the area of underground water acute variation and urban construction
Construction area；(4) checked for convenience of quasigeoid elevation, test point, which is tried one's best, coincides with national second-class above bench mark position.When
Second-class above bench mark can not meet GNSS observations when requiring, using branch benchmark jobs mode, elevation pilot measurement is attached to bench mark
Point position that is near and meeting GNSS observations.(5) test point is away from high-power wireless electric emission source (such as TV station, radio station, microwave station
Deng), its distance is not less than 200m；Away from high voltage transmission line and microwave radio signal Transfer pipe, its distance is no less than
50m.(6) test point position should be easy to the height of barrier in placement receiver device and leveling process, broad view, visual field
Spending angle should not be super many 15 °.(7) there should not be the object (such as building) of strong reflection satellite-signal near test point.(8) examine
The overall situation of local environment (landform, landforms, vegetation etc.) and surrounding near measuring point is consistent, to reduce the generation of Meteorological Elements
Table error.
2nd, detection, which is clicked, buries
The embedded second-class above bench mark to meeting GNSS observation conditions of test point can be used directly as test point, to not
The second-class above bench mark of GNSS observations is met, test point need to be laid again, and be embedded in more stable and stronger bench mark easy to maintain
Neighbouring and traffic convenience place.
The mark of test point is produced as follows：(1) long steel can be set in the test point for being located at (such as cement, pitch) at hardening earth's surface
Nail mark, mark center will have clear, fine cross hairs, and mark center can meet measurement of the level requirement.(2) it is located at non-hard
The short steel nail mark of long timber cooperation can be set in the test point for changing (such as soil, rubble) at earth's surface, it is desirable to which timber Zhuan Wei centers have clearly
The clear steel nail mark heart and measurement of the level requirement can be met.
3rd, horizontal control survey
3.1st, GNSS networkings
When test point uses the point observation mode based on CORS base stations or B grade GPS points, test point and periphery at least 3
Individual Fixed Initial Point synchronizes observation, and Fixed Initial Point is distributed in three different azimuths on observation station periphery.Do not make to join between each test point
Survey and require.
3.2nd, GNSS is observed
Observation instrument uses double frequency the earth type GNSS receiver, and nominal accuracy is better than 5mm+2ppm, and antenna uses the earth type
Measurement type antenna.GNSS receiver and antenna requirement assay approval and it can be used within period of validity in operation.Test point
Observation technology index is as follows：
The test point observation technology index of table 1
3.3rd, GNSS data is handled
After observation terminates daily, the GNSS observations data in receiver should be downloaded to notebook computer by operator in time
In, and dump backup is carried out in time.
Data are downloaded to be carried out using the commercial accompanying software of GNSS receiver, and the data after download should be built by GNSS days of year
Vertical catalogue storage, with convenient use and lookup.
The GNSS file formats for observing data are converted into standardization using the commercial accompanying software of GNSS receiver
RINEX forms, and be managed collectively and deposited, storage form is identical with original observed data.
GNSS observation quality of data inspections are checked that the scope of examination includes using commercial accompanying software：Observation satellite is total
Number, data availability, L1, Multi-Path Effects MP1, MP2 of L2 frequencies.
Wherein, field data quality is checked, and is specifically included：
(1) Baselines
The business software being equipped with random using GNSS receiver, baseline is resolved using satellite broadcasting ephemeris.Baselines are pressed
The simultaneous observation period is carried out for unit.One can should be selected using many Baseline solutions or single Baseline solution, each simultaneous observation figure
CORS reference stations are used as Fixed Initial Point.
(2) data detection
The data rejecting rate that data detection should meet same period observation should be not more than 10%；The length of repetition measurement baseline compared with
Difference should meet following formula requirement：
DS is poor for the length of repetition measurement baseline.
Fixed error (mm) in σ-standard deviation (error mm in basic lineal vector) in formula, a-instrument nominal accuracy, b-instrument
Proportional error coefficient (ppm) in device nominal accuracy, d-baseline length (km)
(3) synchronous ring is examined：The synchronous loop closure that the side of any one in net three is constituted should meet the requirement of following equation：
In formula：Wx, Wy, Wz are cyclic co-ordinate component mis-tie misclosure, and Ws is loop closure
Wherein, σ is error in base line measurement, and calculation formula isA, b are that field operation is used when measuring
GNSS receiver nominal accuracy, d is base length (during calculating use the actual average length of side).
(4) independent close ring is examined
When several individual baselines constitute close ring (asynchronous loop), each coordinate difference component mis-tie misclosure should meet following formula：
Wherein, n is the side number in asynchronous loop, and σ is error in base line measurement, and calculation formula is a、
B is the nominal accuracy of the GNSS receiver used when field operation is measured, and d is base length (the actual average length of side is used during calculating).
(5) gauge is resurveyed and mends to determine
Do not press design code scheme testing for some reason, or field operation lacks survey, omitted, or GNSS surveys are unsatisfactory for after data prediction
Main technique requirements regulation is measured, survey should be resurveyed and mend in time.
Because observation station is unsatisfactory for GNSS measurement requests in itself and causes a survey station multiplicating measurement still to meet
Various limit differences are checked when requiring, can be given up the outcome data of the point or be buried in addition a little.
3.4th, GNSS net adjusted datas
When fieldwork observation period, Baselines and each synchronous and asynchronous loop closure after the assay was approved, utilize relative commercial GNSS
Software kit carries out GNSS net adjusted data processing, including：
(1) three-dimensional unconstrined minimization
After every base line quality check character standardization, with the threedimensional baseline vector of individual baseline and corresponding variance-association side
Poor battle array carries out GNSS net unconstrined minimizations as observation information.Carried out using " the Detection of Gross Errors principle based on correlation analysis " thick
Difference detection, then carries out rough error processing using " robust least squares based on equivalent variance-covariance " method.
In unconstrined minimization, the correction absolute value (V of baseline component△X、V△Y、V△Z) should meet down
V△X≤3σ
V△y≤3σ
V△z≤3σ
In formula, σ is error in base line measurement, and calculation formula isA, b are that field operation is used when measuring
GNSS receiver nominal accuracy, d is base length (during calculating use the actual average length of side).
Otherwise it is assumed that there is rough error in the baseline or the baseline near it, the automatic side that should be provided in adjustment using software
Method or manual method are rejected, until meeting above formula.
(2) three-dimensional constraining adjustment
After unconstrined minimization, three-dimensional constraining adjustment is carried out using the whole net of base station coordinate pair.It is defeated by Weighted Constraint adjustment
Go out the corresponding informations such as three-dimensional, basic lineal vector correction.Constrain adjustment in, the correction of baseline component with after elimination of rough difference
Poor absolute value (the dV of the corresponding correction of same baseline of unconstrined minimization result△X、dV△Y、dV△Z) should meet：dV△X≤ 2 σ,
dV△y≤ 2 σ, dV△zIn≤2 σ, formula, σ is error in base line measurement, and calculation formula isA, b are field operation
The nominal accuracy of the GNSS receiver used during measurement, d is base length (the actual average length of side is used during calculating).
Otherwise it is assumed that there is the larger value of some errors as the known coordinate of constraint should use automatic or manual method
The larger binding occurrence of these errors is rejected, until meeting above formula.
4th, vertical control survey
4.1st, level is laid
During test point misaligned bench mark position, detection point height is using branch line level or accurate two kinds of observation sides of triangulated height
Formula, is carried out coming and going observation by second grade leveling requirement, is terminated during observation using even stations, most short to be not less than two stations, positioned at bench mark
The test point of front its level distance no longer than 1km.During to detection point height using accurate triangulated height observation, need to lay
To conform to circuit or close ring, and survey side bilateral observation.
4.2nd, leveling observation
(1) spirit level selection and inspection
The calibrating of calibration unit that instrument for the measurement of the level should be approved by national measurement department, and examine it is qualified and
It could be used within period of validity.As found, instrument has abnormal conditions in use, should be tested according to specification or again
New censorship.The present embodiment uses Leica DNA03 type digital levels.Spirit level and scale must be pressed before leveling observation
Pertinent regulations are tested and recorded in national first and second order leveling specification.During whole operation, it should be carried out before survey is opened daily
I angles are determined, and i angles cannot be greater than 15 ".
(2) basic fundamental is provided
Measurement of the level Specifications are as follows：Set survey station when, survey station sight length, front-and rear-view away from poor, height of sighting line,
The accumulation of sighting distance difference, digital level duplicate measurements number of times should meet the regulation of following table.
Survey station observation tolerance (the unit of table 2：m)
In leveling observation, come and go and survey error of closure of height difference, conform to route and loop closure and surveyed the difference of section discrepancy in elevation
The regulation of following table should be met.
Table 3, which comes and goes, surveys error of closure of height difference (unit：mm)
Note：K is route or section, surveys segment length, in units of km, is less than 0.1km when surveying segment length, is calculated by 0.1km.
(3) job requirements are observed
Observed pattern：Second grade leveling is observed, and observation is come and gone using single channel line.The round survey of same section, should be used same
Type instrument and turning point chi hold along same road and carried out.
In each section, the past survey (or returning survey) of all survey sections is first carried out continuously, all survey sections are then carried out continuously again
Return survey (or toward survey).
Second grade leveling observation should be carried out when Staff's carving line imaging is clearly stable.Following situations, should not be observed：
After sunrise with 30min before sunset；It is each 2 hours before and after day in the sun that (broken sky of cloudy day and non high temperature, can suitably increase noon
Observation time, but the most short intermittent time can not be less than 2 hours)；When the image of Staff's carving line is beated and is difficult to sight.
First 30 minutes of observation, should reach unanimity instrument with outside air temperature；If stand, using survey umbrella shielded from sunlight；Move station
When, it should cover with instrument mask.Before using instrument, it should also be preheated, preheating number of times is no less than 20 single measurements.
The circular bubble of spirit level and levelling staff answers strict horizontalization, i.e. circular bubble placed in the middle.
On continuous each survey station during the tripod of placement spirit level, wherein bipod should be made parallel with the direction of leveling line,
And the hyperphoric left side and right side in line direction of the 3rd castor.In addition to circuit turning, instrument and front-and rear-view on each survey station
Three positions of scale, should be close to straight line.Should not be in order to it increase rod reading during climb and fall, and foot pin is placed on trench
In.Each past survey for surveying section is with returning survey, and its survey station number should be even number.From toward survey steering return survey when, two scales should mutually replace
Put, and again whole should put instrument.It should avoid telescope directly against the sun；Avoid sight from being blocked as far as possible, block and do not exceed
Scale cuts long 20% in telescope；Instrument can only work within the temperature range of manufacturer provides；Firmly believe what vibroseis was caused
After vibrations disappear, measurement key could be started.It is strict to prevent foot pin from occurring accidental movement, place chi in safe and stable position as far as possible
Pad.
Wherein, achievement resurveys and accepted or rejected as follows：
(1) after survey station observation error transfinites, it should resurvey immediately.(2) if the discrepancy in elevation resurveyed surveys the discrepancy in elevation not with equidirectional original
The limit that identifier value exceedes round survey error of closure of height difference is poor, but poor no more than limiting with the discrepancy of another one way discrepancy in elevation, then takes and resurvey
As a result；If equidirectional two error of closure of height difference is poor without departing from limiting, and wherein number and the discrepancy of another one way discrepancy in elevation is also without departing from limit
Difference, then take equidirectional middle number as the discrepancy in elevation of the one way；If resurveying in the discrepancy in elevation (or b) in a) counts in the two equidirectional discrepancy in elevation)
Discrepancy with another one way discrepancy in elevation is poor beyond limiting, and should resurvey another one way.(3) when the round survey error of closure of height difference of route transfinites,
It should be resurveyed with regard to coming and going survey error of closure of height difference with route discrepancy with survey section larger in symbol, if still beyond limit after resurveying
Difference, then must resurvey other and survey section.
4.3rd, precise optoelectronic ranging triangulated height
(1) precise optoelectronic ranging trigonometric levelling is mainly used in the operation area in hardship such as mountain area and hills, instead of second-class
The measurement of the level, the total powerstation used should have automatic target detection function, and instrument nominal accuracy is not lower than 0.5 ", 1mm+
1ppm。
(2) reflecting prism and centering rod used should pass through special processing, and the alignment error of reflecting prism cannot be greater than
0.1mm.And use special bench mark centering prism bar.
(3) in order to reach the purpose while bilateral observation, the method for carrying out instrument repacking is that prism is fixed on into total powerstation
On handle, it is desirable to which the deviation of the center of instrument and the ranging center of prism in vertical line direction is no more than ± 1mm.
(4) in order to eliminate surveyor's beacon on bench mark it is high measure error, measured using the prism bar of regular length.In addition
In order to avoid measuring instrument height and the high error of prism, section should be surveyed at one using the bilateral observation simultaneously of two total powerstations during observation
The side number of upper bilateral observation is even number, does not measure that instrument height and centering prism are high, and observed range is generally no greater than 500m, most it is long not
1000m should be exceeded, vertical angle is no more than 10 °.
(5) circuit direction of advance is pressed, survey station is observed after first carrying out, then carries out preceding survey station observation.Each section of surveying carries out single rib
Mirror, which comes and goes, to be surveyed or the observation of height biprism, and height biprism observation order is：Survey station observes low prism afterwards, and preceding survey station observes low rib
Mirror, preceding survey station observes high prism, and rear survey station observes high prism.Branch line surveys section and must carry out coming and going observation.
(6) main technical requirements of precise optoelectronic ranging trigonometric levelling observation should meet the regulation of table 4
The main technical requirements of the precise optoelectronic ranging trigonometric levelling of table 4 observation
Note：S is sight length, and unit is：km
(7) precise optoelectronic ranging trigonometric levelling should should determine temperature and air pressure using observation is come and gone in observation.Temperature
Read to 0.5 DEG C, air pressure is read to 1.0hPa, and add in oblique distance atmospheric correction.
(8) other precision indexs of precise optoelectronic ranging trigonometric levelling should meet the regulation of table 5 and table 6.
The technical requirements of the vertical control network of table 5
In table, MΔIt should be calculated with Mw by formula following formula：
This is that what is tried to achieve is the middle error of number in every kilometer round trip observation discrepancy in elevation.
△ in formula --- survey section and come and go error of closure of height difference (mm)；
L --- survey segment length or loop wire length (km)；
N --- survey hop count；
W --- conform to or circuit error (mm)；
N --- leveling line number of rings.
The measurement of the level poor demand limit (mm) of table 6
Note：1K is surveys section leveling line length, and unit is km；L is leveling line length, and unit is km；RiSurveyed for detection
Segment length, in terms of km；N is survey section measurement of the level station number.When more than the station of every kilometer of survey station number n of the mountain area measurement of the level >=25,
Vertical survey limit is calculated using survey station number poor.
4.4th, level is calculated
Observe after end-of-job, should arrange and check in time fieldwork observation handbook.Check whether all calculating are correct, observation
Whether achievement meets every poor demand limit.
After confirming that observing buoy all meets the requirements, field operation calculating can be carried out.The round discrepancy in elevation to branch line of level is entered
After the correction of row levelling staff chi length, take to come and go and survey discrepancy in elevation average value as section or circuit discrepancy in elevation Δ h.By detecting point height
HTest point, former bench level HBench markΔ h triadic relations directly calculate detection point height with the discrepancy in elevation.Calculation formula is as follows：
HTest point=HBench mark+Δh
5th, Level Height and high comparative analysis of refining
5.1st, refine high acquisition
Height of refining refers to obtain after geodetic height using the observation of GNSS technologies, is converted by " quasigeoid application software "
For height above sea level.Test point high acquisition process of refining is as follows：
(1) each test point is observed and the geodetic height that each test point is obtained in compensating computation and position (the earth in static GNSS
Longitude and latitude).
(2) geodetic coordinates and geodetic height of each test point are met into data as the outer of quasigeoid, using like big
Ground-level model interpolation method of refining obtains the abnormal elevation value ξ of each test point.
(3) by abnormal elevation value ξ and geodetic height, the height of each test point is determined.
H=h+ ξ
In formula：ξ-height anomaly, H-geodetic height, h-normal high.
5.2nd, Level Height and high mathematic interpolation of refining
It is compared, is calculated with direct level achievement by the way that refining of obtaining of Precision Quasi-geoid Determining is high according to test point
Maximum, minimum value, mean difference and middle error of discrepancy etc..
Specific embodiment described herein is only to spirit explanation for example of the invention.Technology neck belonging to of the invention
The technical staff in domain can be made various modifications or supplement to described specific embodiment or be replaced using similar mode
Generation, but without departing from the spiritual of the present invention or surmount scope defined in appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of quasigeoid detection method, it is characterised in that including：
Test point selecting step, for being made an on-the-spot survey on the spot by the data to collection, determines national grade water in regional extent
Existence and bench mark distribution situation on schedule, isopleth is distributed as height anomaly in region and gained country grade water is made an on-the-spot survey
Distribution situation on schedule, Rational choice simultaneously lays quasigeoid test point；
Fieldwork observation step, for carrying out fieldwork observation, including horizontal control survey and vertical control survey to test point；
Achievement calculation procedure, achievement calculating is carried out for the data to observation, show that test point geodetic height, normal high, plane are sat
Mark, and using test point plane coordinates as known date, elevation of being refined at test point is obtained using geoid model；
Accuracy assessment step, obtains elevation for actual measurement Level Height and Precision Quasi-geoid Determining to test point and carries out achievement
Comparative analysis draws quasigeoid quality of achievement and carries out accuracy assessment.
2. a kind of quasigeoid detection method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the test point chooses step
Suddenly, specifically include：
(1) test point requirement is distributed in quasigeoid regional extent；
(2) test point quantity is increased height anomaly change region greatly, requirement of layouting is reduced in height anomaly change zonule；
(3) chosen position of test point can meet GNSS and leveling observation condition simultaneously, preferential to choose national classified leveling point work
For test point；
(4) the national classified leveling point for meeting GNSS observation conditions is used directly as test point, to being unsatisfactory for GNSS observations
National classified leveling point, again bury test point near more stable and stronger bench mark easy to maintain and traffic convenience place.
3. a kind of quasigeoid detection method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the fieldwork observation step
Suddenly, specifically include：
(1) GNSS observes sub-step：Test point uses the point observation mode based on CORS base stations or GPS grades point, test point
Observation is synchronized with least 3, periphery Fixed Initial Point, and Fixed Initial Point is distributed in three different azimuths on observation station periphery, measurement
Grade must be equal or higher than former geoid model nominal level；Translocation requirement is not made between test point；
(2) leveling observation sub-step：During test point misaligned bench mark position, detection point height is using branch line level or accurate triangle
The observed patterns such as elevation, measurement grade must be equal or higher than former geoid model nominal level.
4. a kind of quasigeoid detection method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the achievement calculates step
Suddenly, specifically include：
(1) sub-step such as GNSS Baselines, data detection, adjustment must meet respective level GNSS in claim 3 and control net
It is required that；
(2) level calculates sub-step：Confirm that observing buoy all meets in claim 3 after the requirement of respective level levelling network, enter
Row is calculated.The round discrepancy in elevation to branch line of level is carried out after the correction of levelling staff chi length, is taken to come and go and is surveyed discrepancy in elevation average value as area
Section or circuit discrepancy in elevation Δ h；By detecting that point height H test points, former bench level H bench marks and discrepancy in elevation Δ h triadic relations are straight
Connect and calculate detection point height；Calculation formula is as follows：
HTest point=HBench mark+Δh。
5. a kind of quasigeoid detection method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the accuracy assessment step
Suddenly, specifically include：
It is compared according to test point by the way that refining of obtaining of Precision Quasi-geoid Determining is high with direct level achievement, calculating is not inconsistent
Maximum, minimum value, mean difference and middle error of value etc., to weigh quasigeoid precision.
6. a kind of quasigeoid detection means, it is characterised in that including：
Test point chooses module, for being made an on-the-spot survey on the spot by the data to collection, determines national grade water in regional extent
Existence and bench mark distribution situation on schedule, isopleth is distributed as height anomaly in region and gained country grade water is made an on-the-spot survey
Distribution situation on schedule, Rational choice simultaneously lays quasigeoid test point；
Fieldwork observation module, for carrying out fieldwork observation, including horizontal control survey and vertical control survey to test point；
Achievement computing module, achievement calculating is carried out for the data to observation, show that test point geodetic height, normal high, plane are sat
Mark, and using test point plane coordinates as known date, elevation of being refined at test point is obtained using geoid model；
Accuracy assessment module, obtains elevation for actual measurement Level Height and Precision Quasi-geoid Determining to test point and carries out achievement
Comparative analysis draws quasigeoid quality of achievement and carries out accuracy assessment.
7. a kind of quasigeoid detection means according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the test point chooses mould
Block, is specifically included：
(1) test point requirement is distributed in quasigeoid regional extent；
(2) test point quantity is increased height anomaly change region greatly, requirement of layouting is reduced in height anomaly change zonule；
(3) chosen position of test point can meet GNSS and leveling observation condition simultaneously, preferential to choose national classified leveling point work
For test point；
(4) the national classified leveling point for meeting GNSS observation conditions is used directly as test point, to being unsatisfactory for GNSS observations
National classified leveling point, again bury test point near more stable and stronger bench mark easy to maintain and traffic convenience place.
8. a kind of quasigeoid detection means according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the fieldwork observation mould
Block, is specifically included：
GNSS observing units：Test point uses the point observation mode based on CORS base stations or GPS grades point, test point and periphery
At least 3 Fixed Initial Points synchronize observation, and Fixed Initial Point is distributed in three different azimuths on observation station periphery, measure grade palpus
It is equal or higher than former geoid model nominal level；Translocation requirement is not made between test point；
Leveling observation unit：During test point misaligned bench mark position, detection point height is using branch line level or accurate triangulated height
Observed patterns such as (being mainly used in the operation area in hardship such as mountain area and hills), measurement grade must be equal or higher than former like big ground level
Surface model nominal level.
9. a kind of quasigeoid detection means according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the achievement calculates mould
Block, is specifically included：
(1) sub-step such as GNSS Baselines, data detection, adjustment must meet respective level GNSS in claim 8 and control net
It is required that；
(2) level computing unit：Confirm that observing buoy all meets in claim 8 after the requirement of respective level levelling network, carry out
Calculate.The round discrepancy in elevation to branch line of level is carried out after the correction of levelling staff chi length, is taken to come and go and is surveyed discrepancy in elevation average value as section
Or circuit discrepancy in elevation Δ h；By detecting point height HTest point, former bench level HBench markΔ h triadic relations directly calculate with the discrepancy in elevation
Detect point height；Calculation formula is as follows：
HTest point=HBench mark+Δh。
10. a kind of quasigeoid detection method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the accuracy assessment mould
Block, is specifically included：
It is compared according to test point by the way that refining of obtaining of Precision Quasi-geoid Determining is high with direct level achievement, calculating is not inconsistent
Maximum, minimum value, mean difference and middle error of value etc., to weigh quasigeoid precision.
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| CN110608719A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-12-24 | 浙江省河海测绘院 | Method, system and auxiliary device for determining water level standard elevation based on telemetering data |
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| CN111854796A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-10-30 | 陕西铁道工程勘察有限公司 | Real-time comprehensive correction method for precise leveling measurement |
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| CN110608719A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-12-24 | 浙江省河海测绘院 | Method, system and auxiliary device for determining water level standard elevation based on telemetering data |
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| CN111854796A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-10-30 | 陕西铁道工程勘察有限公司 | Real-time comprehensive correction method for precise leveling measurement |
| CN112985350A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-18 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Elevation reading method and reading device for bridge construction |
| CN113587900A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-11-02 | 青岛捷利达地理信息集团有限公司 | Geographic altitude difference algorithm and system |
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