CN106983902A - 一种新型纳米复合伤口绷带 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种新型纳米复合伤口绷带，包括内层、中间层和外层，所述内层是由壳聚糖和云母粉的通过静电纺丝制备的壳聚糖纳米纤维层；所述中间层为丙烯酸酯通过静电纺丝制备的聚丙烯酸酯类超吸水材料层；所述最外层为塑性聚氨酯通过静电纺丝制备的聚氨酯纳米纤维膜。按照本发明制备的复合伤口绷带具有超吸水，抗菌，透气性等特点。绷带对伤口的凝血性，贴合性，透气性，舒适性更佳，可以快速吸收伤口处的组织液，保持伤口的湿润性，促进伤口愈合。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械的技术领域，具体涉及一种集止血、抗菌、超吸水性和高透气性于一体的新型纳米复合伤口绷带。
背景技术
伤口绷带的是一种覆盖于创伤处，用于隔绝伤口与外界环境，以帮助伤口愈合的医疗器械。对于医疗行业来说，加速伤口的愈合，理想的绷带应该具备一定的止血性、较好透气性和抗菌性的同时，具备良好的吸水性和保水性。现有技术中的绷带由于受到材料和结构的限制，很难同时具备上述特点于一身。当前的伤口绷带的主要存在如下的问题，首先受材料限制其透气性相对较差，不利于伤口的快速愈合；其次抗菌性能较差，需要使用抗生素才能有效防止伤口感染；最后由于吸水性和保水性的难以有效平衡，无法在快速吸收组织液的同时并保持伤口的湿润环境。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种纳米复合材料制品及其制备方法，以解决上述问题。
本发明通过如下的技术方案来实现，
一种新型纳米复合伤口绷带，包括内层、中间层和外层；所述内层是由壳聚糖和云母粉的通过静电纺丝制备的壳聚糖纳米纤维层；所述中间层为丙烯酸酯通过静电纺丝制备的聚丙烯酸酯类超吸水材料层；所述最外层为塑性聚氨酯通过静电纺丝制备的聚氨酯纳米纤维膜。
优选的，所述壳聚糖纳米纤维层采用脱乙酰度≥90，分子量为100k-200kg/mol的壳聚糖和粒径为100-1000nm的云母粉通过静电纺丝制备而成。
优选的，所述聚氨酯纳米纤维膜采用硬度为60HA-80HD热塑性聚氨酯，通过静电纺丝制备而成。
优选的，所述新型纳米复合伤口绷带的厚度为0.1-10mm。
优选的，所述复合绷带静电纺丝的纤维直径为10-500nm。
本发明还提供了上述新型纳米复合伤口绷带的制备方法，所述制备方法包括如下的步骤：
(1)通过壳聚糖和云母粉制备纳米纤维膜；
(2)通过聚丙烯酸酯类超吸水材料制备超吸水纤维膜；
(3)通过热塑性聚氨酯制备聚氨酯纤维膜；
(4)将三层纤维膜通过静电纺丝技术依次叠加纺丝，制成纳米复合纤维膜。
优选的，上述制备方法中采用具有生物活性的脱乙酰度≥90，分子量为100k-200kg/mol的壳聚糖和粒径为100-1000nm云母粉制备壳聚糖静电纺丝原液，电纺丝原液浓度为1wt％-6wt％，在20-30KV高压电场下，纺丝制得抗菌止血纳米纤维膜。
优选的，上述制备方法中采用丙烯酸，丙烯酰胺和聚乙烯醇以戊二醛为交联剂制备聚丙烯酸酯类静电纺丝原液，在10-30KV高压电场下，通过静电纺丝制备超吸水纳米纤维膜。
优选的，上述制备方法中采用选取硬度为60HA-80HD的热塑性聚氨酯制备静电纺丝原液，在10-30KV高压电场下，纺丝制得纳米纤维膜。
本发明提供的纳米复合材料制品及其制备方法，具有如下的优点：最里层采用壳聚糖，具有生物相容性，可与活性组织兼容，无免疫原性和免疫反应性，具有抗菌和止血性能，防止伤口感染；中间层采用超吸水材料，本层具有超吸水性，快速吸收组织液，并且具有良好的保水性，保持伤口的湿润性，加速伤口的愈合；最外层采用热塑性聚氨酯，具有良好的柔韧性和抗拉强度，防止伤口受到二次伤害。整个纳米复合材料由静电纺丝技术制备，每层由纳米纤维组成，比表面积大，良好的透气性，抗菌止血性能，超吸水和保湿性，柔韧性等。保持伤口的湿润性，促进伤口的愈合，防止伤口受到二次伤害。
附图说明
图1所示为本发明提供的新型纳米复合伤口绷带。
图2为壳聚糖纳米纤维层的电子扫描显微镜照片。
图3为聚丙烯酸酯类超吸水材料层的电子扫描显微镜照片。
图4为聚氨酯纳米纤维膜的电子扫描显微镜照片。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细的说明。然而，对于本领域的专业技术人员来说显而易见的是，本发明实施方式可以无需一个或多个这些细节而得以实施。在其他例子中，为了避免与本发明实施方式发生混淆，对于本领域公知的一些技术特征未进行描述。
一种新型纳米复合伤口绷带，包括内层1、中间层2和外层3；所述内层是由壳聚糖和云母粉的通过静电纺丝制备的壳聚糖纳米纤维层；所述中间层为丙烯酸酯通过静电纺丝制备的聚丙烯酸酯类超吸水材料层；所述最外层为塑性聚氨酯通过静电纺丝制备的聚氨酯纳米纤维膜；所述壳聚糖纳米纤维层采用脱乙酰度≥90，分子量为100k-200k g/mol的壳聚糖和粒径为100-1000nm的云母粉通过静电纺丝制备而成；所述聚氨酯纳米纤维膜采用硬度为60HA-80HD热塑性聚氨酯，通过静电纺丝制备而成；所述新型纳米复合伤口绷带的厚度为0.1-10mm；所述复合绷带静电纺丝的纤维直径为10-500nm。
制备壳聚糖纳米纤维层采用两种方式之一：一种是将4-8g脱乙酰度≥90％的壳聚糖溶解在100g浓度为40％-60wt％的乙酸溶液中，然后将0.5-2g云母粉加入到溶液中，搅拌两个小时，减压脱泡，制备静电纺丝原液。在10-20KV高压电场下制备纳米纤维膜。
另一种是将2-6g的脱乙酰度≥90％的壳聚糖溶解在100g三氟乙酸中，然后0.5-2g云母粉加入到溶液中，搅拌两个小时，减压脱泡，制备静电纺丝原液。在20-30KV高压电场下制备纳米纤维膜。
脱乙酰度≥90％的壳聚糖具有良好的抗菌和止血性能，能有效的防止细菌对伤口的感染，加速伤口愈合，减少抗生素的使用。
聚丙烯酸酯类超吸水材料层采用如下两种方法制备而成：将12-16g丙烯酸单体，2-5g丙烯酰胺单体，25-30g聚乙烯醇加入到30-50g浓度为20wt％的氢氧化钠溶液中，然后加入0.1-0.4g戊二醛，反应制备静电纺丝原液。在10-20KV高压电场下制备纳米纤维膜。
将10-14g丙烯酸单体，2-5g丙烯酰胺单体，20-25g聚乙烯醇和5-10g支链淀粉加入到35-55g浓度为20wt％的氢氧化钠溶液中，然后加入0.2-0.6g戊二醛，反应制备静电纺丝原液。在15-25KV高压电场下制备纳米纤维膜。
聚氨酯纳米纤维膜采用如下两种方法制备而成：将14-18g硬度为60HA-80HD的热塑性聚氨酯加入到100g二甲基甲酰胺溶液中，搅拌两个小时，减压脱泡，制备静电纺丝原液，在10-20KV高压电场下制备纳米纤维膜。
将12-15g硬度为70HA-80HD的热塑性聚氨酯加入到100g四氢呋喃溶液中，搅拌两个小时，减压脱泡，制备静电纺丝原液，在15-25KV高压电场下制备纳米纤维膜。
以上的实施例仅为本发明的优选实施方案，需要指出，对于本领域普通技术人来说，在不脱离本发明的前提下进行的部分改进，仍处于本发明的保护范围之中。
Claims (9)
1.一种新型纳米复合伤口绷带，包括内层、中间层和外层，其特征在于：所述内层是由壳聚糖和云母粉的通过静电纺丝制备的壳聚糖纳米纤维层；所述中间层为丙烯酸酯通过静电纺丝制备的聚丙烯酸酯类超吸水材料层；所述最外层为塑性聚氨酯通过静电纺丝制备的聚氨酯纳米纤维膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的新型纳米复合伤口绷带，其特征在于：所述壳聚糖纳米纤维层采用脱乙酰度≥90，分子量为100k-200kg/mol的壳聚糖和粒径为100-1000nm的云母粉通过静电纺丝制备而成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的新型纳米复合伤口绷带，其特征在于：所述聚氨酯纳米纤维膜采用硬度为60HA-80HD热塑性聚氨酯，通过静电纺丝制备而成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的新型纳米复合伤口绷带，其特征在于：所述新型纳米复合伤口绷带的厚度为0.1-10mm。
5.根据权利要求4所述的新型纳米复合伤口绷带，其特征在于：所述复合绷带静电纺丝的纤维直径为10-500nm。
6.一种制备权利要求1-5任一所述新型纳米复合伤口绷带的方法，其特征在于，包括如下的步骤：
(1)通过壳聚糖和云母粉制备纳米纤维膜；
(2)通过聚丙烯酸酯类超吸水材料制备超吸水纤维膜；
(3)通过热塑性聚氨酯制备聚氨酯纤维膜；
(4)将三层纤维膜通过静电纺丝技术依次叠加纺丝，制成纳米复合纤维膜。
7.根据权利要求6所述的新型纳米复合伤口绷带的方法，其特征在于：步骤1中采用具有生物活性的脱乙酰度≥90，分子量为100k-200kg/mol的壳聚糖和粒径为100-1000nm云母粉制备壳聚糖静电纺丝原液，电纺丝原液浓度为1wt％-6wt％，在20-30KV高压电场下，纺丝制得抗菌止血纳米纤维膜。
8.根据权利要求7所述的新型纳米复合伤口绷带的方法，其特征在于：步骤2中采用丙烯酸，丙烯酰胺和聚乙烯醇以戊二醛为交联剂制备聚丙烯酸酯类静电纺丝原液，在10-30KV高压电场下，通过静电纺丝制备超吸水纳米纤维膜。
9.根据权利要求8所述的新型纳米复合伤口绷带的方法，其特征在于：步骤3中采用选取硬度为60HA-80HD的热塑性聚氨酯制备静电纺丝原液，在10-30KV高压电场下，纺丝制得纳米纤维膜。
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