CN106983043B

CN106983043B - Penaeus vannamei feed capable of improving pond sediment

Info

Publication number: CN106983043B
Application number: CN201710176575.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王猛强; 冯俊; 余进峰; 聂刘明
Original assignee: Zhejiang Zhongda Feed Group Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhejiang Zhongda Feed Group Co ltd
Priority date: 2017-03-23
Filing date: 2017-03-23
Publication date: 2020-08-14
Anticipated expiration: 2037-03-23
Also published as: CN106983043A

Abstract

The invention relates to a penaeus vannamei feed capable of improving pond sediment, and belongs to the technical field of feed suitable for animals. The paint consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 1-10% of imported fish meal, 20-30% of soybean meal, 10-20% of domestic fish meal, 15-25% of flour, 5-15% of peanut meal, 1-10% of fermentation raw materials rich in beneficial bacteria metabolites and high-temperature-resistant live bacteria, 2-3% of krill meal, 1-2% of soybean oil, 1-2% of fish oil, 1-2% of soybean lecithin, 0.5-1% of vitamin premix, 1-2% of mineral premix and 1-1.5% of monocalcium phosphate. The feed is applied to processing and feeding of the penaeus vannamei feed, and can effectively improve the intestinal environment of the penaeus vannamei and promote digestion and absorption of nutrient substances.

Description

Penaeus vannamei feed capable of improving pond sediment

Technical Field

The invention relates to a penaeus vannamei feed capable of improving pond sediment, and belongs to the technical field of feed suitable for animals.

Background

The penaeus vannamei boone has the characteristics of rapid growth, wide salinity, wide temperature, delicious meat quality, strong adaptability and the like, since the introduction of the mainland China in 1988 and the successful realization of the artificial breeding of the penaeus vannamei boone in the 90 s of the 20 th century, the penaeus vannamei boone is popularized in a large area, becomes a first-choice breeding variety of the penaeus vannamei boone in China, and is also a penaeus vannamei boone variety with the highest breeding yield in the world at. With the increasing enlargement of intensive and high-density culture scale, a large amount of residual baits and excrement are accumulated in a culture water body due to concentrated bait casting, harmful substances are continuously accumulated, the mass propagation of pathogenic bacteria is promoted, the healthy growth of the penaeus vannamei boone is further influenced, the disease outbreak is caused, the culture yield and the economic benefit are reduced, most farmers adopt chemical agents or physical methods to improve pond sediment, the hidden danger cannot be thoroughly eliminated by the method, and therefore, the development of the compound feed which can contain beneficial bacteria and live bacteria and degrade organic matters is urgent at present.

The present application was made based on this.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects existing in the existing culture process of the penaeus vannamei boone, the application provides the penaeus vannamei boone feed which has high feed digestibility, meets the requirement of feeding, improves the feeding environment and can improve the pond sediment.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:

a litopenaeus vannamei feed capable of improving pond sediment comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-10% of imported fish meal, 20-30% of soybean meal, 10-20% of domestic fish meal, 15-25% of flour, 5-15% of peanut meal, 1-10% of fermentation raw materials rich in beneficial bacteria metabolites and high-temperature-resistant live bacteria, 2-3% of krill meal, 1-2% of soybean oil, 1-2% of fish oil, 1-2% of soybean lecithin, 0.5-1% of vitamin premix, 1-2% of mineral premix and 1-1.5% of monocalcium phosphate.

Further, as preferable:

the fermentation raw material is prepared by fermenting bean pulp, rice bran and corn by using a composite strain, wherein the inoculation proportion of the composite strain is 0.025-0.2%, preferably 0.1%, more preferably, the composite strain is composed of bacillus, yeast and lactic acid bacteria, the formed fermentation raw material is rich in active substances such as functional small peptide, oligosaccharide, lactic acid, isoflavone aglycone and the like, the immunity of south whitening can be improved, the anti-stress capability is enhanced, meanwhile, the fermentation raw material is rich in high-temperature-resistant live bacteria, the activity is still maintained after granulation, the intestinal environment of penaeus vannamei boone can be effectively improved, the digestion and absorption of nutrient substances are promoted, the pollution of excrement to bottom mud is reduced, and meanwhile, the contained high-temperature-resistant live bacteria can effectively decompose bottom organic matters and improve the bottom mud environment.

The water content of the fermentation raw material is 40-45%.

1-10% of imported fish meal, 23-25% of soybean meal, 10-20% of domestic fish meal, 15-25% of flour, 10-13% of peanut meal, 5-10% of fermentation raw materials rich in beneficial bacteria metabolites and high-temperature-resistant live bacteria, 2-3% of krill meal, 1-2% of soybean oil, 1-2% of fish oil, 1-2% of soybean lecithin, 0.5-1% of vitamin premix, 1-2% of mineral premix and 1-1.5% of monocalcium phosphate.

The working principle and the beneficial effects of the application are as follows:

(1) according to the product provided by the application, imported fish meal, domestic fish meal, flour, krill meal, soybean oil, fish oil, soybean lecithin, vitamin premix, mineral premix and monocalcium phosphate form basic nutrition acting components of the feed, so that the nutrition of the feed is sufficient, the feeding efficiency is improved, the growth rate is increased, and the growth period is shortened by 5-10 days; the bean pulp, the peanut meal and the fermentation raw materials are main active ingredients for improving the pond bottom mud, and the fermentation raw materials contain a certain amount of bean pulp, so the fermentation raw materials can be very easily fused with the feed raw materials by virtue of the bean pulp in the feed components, the fermentation raw materials are prepared by fermenting the bean pulp, the rice bran, the corn and the like by using compound strains, are rich in high-temperature-resistant live bacteria and beneficial bacteria metabolites, have good food calling property and palatability, can improve the digestion and absorption efficiency of the feed, and reduce the waste of the feed and the pollution to the environment.

(2) The composite strain is mainly composed of bacillus, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria, beneficial bacteria generated in the fermentation process can fix the intestinal tract, the intestinal health of the penaeus vannamei boone is improved, intestinal microvilli is protected, and meanwhile, the generated metabolite can improve the immunity of the penaeus vannamei boone and promote the healthy growth of the penaeus vannamei boone under the same feeding condition, and the yield can be improved by 10-15%.

(3) According to the method, when feeding is ensured, excrement and food residues decompose the substrate sludge, residual bait is not a burden of the environment any more, but abundant beneficial bacterium strains and culture media can be provided, beneficial bacteria propagate in a large amount at the bottom of the pond, organic matters in the residual bait can be decomposed, the organic matters in the substrate sludge can be effectively degraded, germ propagation is inhibited, propagation of phytoplankton is promoted, and abundant natural bait and a good growth environment are provided for the penaeus vannamei boone; and the organic matter content in the excrement is reduced, the content of beneficial bacteria is increased, and the pollution to the water environment is reduced.

The compound feed provided by the application can effectively improve the bottom mud of the penaeus vannamei boone culture pond, and is mainly prepared from 1-10% of imported fish meal, 20-30% of soybean meal, 10-20% of domestic fish meal, 15-25% of flour, 5-15% of peanut meal, 1-10% of fermentation raw materials, 2-3% of krill meal, 1-2% of soybean oil, 1-2% of fish oil, 1-2% of soybean lecithin, 0.5-1% of vitamin premix, 1-2% of mineral premix and 1-1.5% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, wherein the fermentation raw materials are prepared by fermenting the soybean meal, rice bran and corn by a research company and preferably selecting compound strains (consisting of bacillus, saccharomycetes and lactobacillus), and are rich in active substances such as functional small peptides, oligosaccharides, lactic acid, isoflavone aglycone and the like, the south America white shrimp fermentation material can improve the immunity of south America white shrimp, enhances the anti-stress capability, is rich in high-temperature-resistant live bacteria, still keeps the activity after granulation, can effectively improve the intestinal environment of the south America white shrimp, promotes the digestion and absorption of nutrient substances, reduces the pollution of excrement to bottom mud, and the high-temperature-resistant live bacteria contained in the south America white shrimp fermentation material can effectively decompose organic matters of the bottom mud and improve the environment of the bottom mud.

Detailed Description

Example 1: preparation of fermentation feedstock

Bean pulp, rice bran and corn are selected as fermentation substrates, firstly, raw materials (bean pulp, rice bran and corn) are crushed, then composite strains (bacillus, saccharomycetes and lactobacillus) are mixed with water and added into the materials, wherein the inoculation amount of the composite strains is set to be 0.025 percent, 0.05 percent, 0.1 percent, 0.15 percent and 0.2 percent, the water content is controlled to be 40 to 45 percent, the materials are uniformly mixed and packed by a breathing membrane bag, the air in the bag is exhausted during packing, then the bag is placed in a constant temperature room at 30 ℃ for fermentation, three samples are randomly selected from each gradient after the fermentation is finished to detect the small peptide content, the organic acid content, the pH value and the viable count, and various indexes and factors can be seen that the effect of the fermentation raw materials is best when the inoculation amount of the composite strains is controlled to be 0.025 to 0.2 percent, particularly when the inoculation amount of the composite strains is 0.1 percent.

TABLE 1 inoculum size Performance Table

Example 2: influence of fermentation raw materials with different contents on feeding effect

The feed consists of two parts by weight of air-dried substances: (1) and (4) a nutrition part: the feed comprises imported fish meal, domestic fish meal, flour, krill meal, soybean oil, fish oil, soybean lecithin, vitamin premix, mineral premix and monocalcium phosphate, and the specific mixture ratio is shown in table 2; (2) improving the bottom mud part: the soybean meal fermented soybean meal.

TABLE 2 constitutional Table of the nutrient part (content unit: mass%,%)

TABLE 3 improved pond sediment fraction composition (unit: mass%)

Tables 2 and 3 constitute the composition of the different embodiments of this example, and the results of the feeding of penaeus vannamei with the above-described compositions of the respective feeds show that: when the feed is not added with the fermentation raw materials (taking the fermentation raw materials in the table 3 as 0 for example), although the requirement of the penaeus vannamei on nutrition can be met, the penaeus vannamei has high morbidity, low survival rate and poor pond water quality and is not beneficial to the healthy and rapid growth of the penaeus vannamei; with the increase of the fermentation raw materials (taking the case that the addition amount of the fermentation raw materials in the table 3 is 0.5 percent and 0.8 percent as an example), the water quality is more stable, but the sewage amount and the survival rate of the bottom of the pool are still not improved; when the addition amount of the fermentation raw materials exceeds 1%, the addition amount of the fermentation raw materials is continuously increased, the water quality is more fresh and stable, the survival rate and the amount of bottom sediment dirt are improved, particularly when the addition amount of the fermentation raw materials is 5-10%, the trend is increased more remarkably, the water quality in the culture process is good, no or only trace dirt is generated at the bottom of the pond in the feeding period, and compared with the initial feeding of the penaeus vannamei, the color of the penaeus vannamei is slightly darker, but is not obvious, and no odor is generated basically; when the addition amount of the fermentation raw material is continuously increased and exceeds 10% (taking the case that the addition amount of the fermentation raw material is 12% and 15% in table 3 as an example), although the water quality improvement effect is more obvious and the dirt at the bottom of the pond is not generated basically, the cost is higher, and the deviation of the addition ratio of the soybean meal and the peanut meal is larger, which is not beneficial to the stability of the feed, so the effect brought by continuously increasing the addition amount of the fermentation raw material in the feed is not considerable.

In Hangzhou Xiaoshan area, compared with the penaeus vannamei fed with other common feeds, 20 farmers adopting the feed formula of the embodiment have the advantages of fast growth speed, consistent growth specification, 5-10 days of growth period with the same specification, 10-15% of yield improvement, 2-5% reduction of bait coefficient compared with a control group, good water quality in the culture process, no dirt at the bottom of the pond after the culture is finished, light color compared with the control group and no odor basically.

Therefore, under the condition of the same nutrient composition, when the addition amount of the fermentation raw materials is controlled to be 1-10%, the feeding effect and the pond sludge treatment effect are better, and especially when the addition amount of the fermentation raw materials is controlled to be 5-10%, the feeding effect and the pond sludge maintenance effect reach the optimal preparation.

Comparative example

The feed air-dried material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10% of imported fish meal, 25% of soybean meal, 15% of domestic fish meal, 20% of flour, 13% of peanut meal, 5% of cellulose, 3% of krill meal, 1.5% of soybean oil, 1.5% of fish oil, 2% of soybean lecithin, 1% of vitamin premix, 1.5% of mineral premix and 1.5% of monocalcium phosphate.

A comparative test was conducted on feeds corresponding to numbers 19 and 29 in Table 3 in example 2 (the feeds were composed of the ingredients corresponding to the numbers in tables 2 and 3) and the comparative example, and through 10 cultivation pond tests, compared with penaeus vannamei fed with the comparative example feed, the feeds corresponding to numbers 19 and 29 in Table 3 (the feeds were composed of the ingredients corresponding to the numbers in tables 2 and 3) were fed with the feeds having increased growth rates and consistent growth specifications, the growth cycle of the same specifications was shortened by 5-10 days, the yield was increased by 10% -15%, the feed coefficient was reduced by 2% -5% as compared with the control group, the water quality was good during the cultivation, no dirt was left in the bottom of the pond after the cultivation was completed, the color was lighter than that of the control group, and there was almost no odor.

The above description is provided for the purpose of describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention in more detail, and it should not be construed that the embodiments of the present invention are limited to the description above, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be implemented in many different forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A south America white shrimp feed capable of improving pond sediment is characterized in that: the paint consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 1-10% of imported fish meal, 20-30% of soybean meal, 10-20% of domestic fish meal, 15-25% of flour, 5-15% of peanut meal, 1-10% of fermentation raw materials rich in beneficial bacteria metabolites and high-temperature-resistant live bacteria, 2-3% of krill meal, 1-2% of soybean oil, 1-2% of fish oil, 1-2% of soybean lecithin, 0.5-1% of vitamin premix, 1-2% of mineral premix and 1-1.5% of monocalcium phosphate; the fermentation raw material is prepared by fermenting bean pulp, rice bran and corn with composite strains, wherein the composite strains consist of bacillus, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria, and the addition ratio of the composite strains to the materials is 0.025-0.2%.

2. The feed for penaeus vannamei capable of improving pond sediment, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the water content of the fermentation raw material is 40-45%.

3. The feed for penaeus vannamei capable of improving pond sediment, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: 1-10% of imported fish meal, 23-25% of soybean meal, 10-20% of domestic fish meal, 15-25% of flour, 10-13% of peanut meal, 5-10% of fermentation raw materials rich in beneficial bacteria metabolites and high-temperature-resistant live bacteria, 2-3% of krill meal, 1-2% of soybean oil, 1-2% of fish oil, 1-2% of soybean lecithin, 0.5-1% of vitamin premix, 1-2% of mineral premix and 1-1.5% of monocalcium phosphate.

4. The feed for penaeus vannamei capable of improving pond sediment, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the adding proportion of the composite strain relative to the materials is 0.1%.