CN106980712B - Method for calculating electric field synthesized by gap space of power transmission line under condition of forest fire - Google Patents
Method for calculating electric field synthesized by gap space of power transmission line under condition of forest fire Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for calculating a transmission line gap space synthetic electric field under a mountain fire condition comprises the following steps: according to a typical vegetation burning test, obtaining flame height, temperature and form, selecting a stable burning area, and dividing a gap below a power transmission line into a flame body equivalent area and a gas-solid two-phase body area; respectively measuring smaller particles by adopting a differential motion particle size meter and measuring larger particles by adopting a vernier caliper to obtain a statistical rule of particle volume concentration and particle size; calculating the charge q of the particles in the flamek(ii) a Establishing a simulation model, and solving transient temperature distribution and fluid motion by using a finite volume method; simulating and calculating the movement condition of particles in the flame gap to obtain the particle distribution in the flame gap; setting particle positions and electric charge, and solving a space synthesis electric field by using a finite element method to obtain electric fields E at different positions; setting initial particle distribution and electric field values, and carrying out multi-field coupling calculation of temperature-fluid-particle motion-electric field to obtain a final space synthesis electric field. The invention can provide a basis for the research of the discharge mechanism and the breakdown characteristic of the gap.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a calculation method of a space synthetic electric field of a gap of a power transmission line under a condition of forest fire, and relates to the research field of a discharge mechanism and breakdown characteristics of the gap of the power transmission line under the condition of forest fire.
Background
Transmission line corridors are increasingly tense, transmission channels inevitably pass through high forest fire danger areas with luxuriant vegetation, and mountain fires can cause phase-to-phase and phase-to-phase insulation strength reduction of the transmission lines to cause tripping accidents. According to statistics, in recent years, the trip accidents of the power grid of China due to mountain fire reach hundreds, and only in 2014 spring, 47 times of emergency shutdown, 17 times of voltage reduction operation and 213 times of reclosure quit are performed on the circuit above 220kV of the national power grid under the influence of mountain fire, so that the safe and stable operation of the power grid is seriously influenced. In an important power transmission channel risk assessment working scheme established by the national power grid company in 2014, mountain fire is taken as a technical element which is considered first. At present, the research on the discharge mechanism and the breakdown characteristic of the gap under the condition of the mountain fire at home and abroad is not complete, and theoretical guidance is lacked for risk assessment, early warning and protection of the power transmission line due to the mountain fire tripping.
The particles and ash in the flame are charged under the influence of ions in the flame, enter a gap below the power transmission line under the action of airflow, electric field force and the like, form a particle chain, distort a space electric field and generate partial discharge, and further cause the breakdown of the whole gap. The charged particles and air above the flame can be regarded as a gas-solid two-phase body. Tests show that the charged particle chain distortion electric field and the generation of trigger discharge are the key factors for causing the breakdown of the whole gap, and the analysis of the distortion characteristic of the space synthesis electric field plays an important role in researching the breakdown mechanism of the gap of the power transmission line under the condition of flame. Therefore, the method for calculating the electric field synthesized by the gap space of the power transmission line under the flame condition is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a calculation method of a space synthetic electric field of a gap of a power transmission line under a forest fire condition, which can provide a basis for researching a discharge mechanism and breakdown characteristics of the gap.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for calculating a synthetic electric field of a gap space of a power transmission line under a condition of mountain fire comprises the following steps:
step 1): according to a typical vegetation combustion test, flame height, temperature, form and flame conductivity are observed, a stable combustion area is selected according to the combustion characteristics, and a gap below a power transmission line is divided into a flame equivalent area and a gas-solid two-phase body area, as shown in fig. 2.
Step 2): measuring particles with the particle size less than 1mm by using a differential motion particle size analyzer to obtain a statistical rule of particle size and volume distribution of the particles; measuring particles with the particle size of more than or equal to 1mm by using a vernier caliper, and obtaining a statistical rule of the number of the particles and the particle size of the particles by combining with video observation of a combustion test;
step 3): the method for calculating the amount of charged particles in the gap is shown in formula 1, wherein q iskAre in a granuleElectric charge of particles,. epsilon0Is a vacuum dielectric constant of ∈rIs the relative dielectric constant of the particles, dkIs the diameter of the particle, E is the value of the electric field at which the particle is located;
step 4): the calculation method of the temperature distribution and the fluid motion in the gas-solid two-phase body comprises the following steps of calculating the gas density rho according to the action of particles on air fluidqThe kinematic viscosity mu is multiplied by a correction factor α and calculated by the formula 2, wherein k is the number of particles and VkIs the volume of the kth particle,. DELTA.V is the unit volume and N is the number of particles in the unit volume. Establishing a three-dimensional model comprising a flame body area, a gas-solid two-phase body area, a ground electrode and a lead electrode, wherein the gas-solid two-phase body area is simulated by a fluid area with corrected fluid density and kinematic viscosity parameters, the flame body area is a heat source, heating power is set according to the vegetation combustion heat generation rate, and the transient temperature distribution and the fluid flow rate are solved by using a finite volume method;
step 5): the particle forces and movements are calculated as follows, the particles in the flame gap are mainly influenced by the electric field force, the fluid drag force and the gravity, the particle movements can be calculated according to the formula 3, wherein vkIs the particle velocity vector, mkIs the mass of the particles, FYIs the drag force of the fluid, FEIs the electric field force to which the particle is subjected, FgIs the particle gravity, pkIs the particle density, CcIs the Cunningham correction factor, vqIs the gas velocity, g is the acceleration of gravity, CcCalculating according to a formula 4, wherein lambda is a molecular free path, and e is a base number of a natural logarithm;
step 6): the synthetic electric field calculation method comprises the following steps of establishing a three-dimensional model comprising a flame body area, a gas-solid two-phase body area, a ground electrode and a lead electrode, applying a voltage value on the lead electrode, setting particulate matters and the charge quantity thereof in the gas-solid two-phase body area, calculating the charge quantity of the particulate matters according to a formula 1, setting the conductivity sigma of the flame body according to a measurement result, setting the ground electrode and the boundary to be 0 potential, and solving a space synthetic electric field value by using a finite element method;
and 7) setting initial particle distribution, carrying out multi-field coupling calculation of the temperature, the fluid, the particle motion and the electric field by the calculation method in the steps 3-6, and finishing iterative calculation to obtain a final space synthesis electric field when the error of the electric field calculation in two times is smaller than a set target error value η% by multiple iterative calculation.
The invention relates to a method for calculating a synthetic electric field of a gap space of a power transmission line under a forest fire condition, which is used for dividing a flame gap into a flame body area and a gas-solid two-phase body area according to parameters such as height, form, temperature, flame conductivity, particle data, particle size and the like of flame observed by a typical vegetation flame combustion test. A particle charge quantity calculation method, a temperature and fluid field calculation method, a particle stress and motion characteristic calculation method and a space synthesis electric field calculation method are provided. And combining test data to perform temperature-fluid-particle motion-electric field multi-field coupling iterative calculation to obtain a final space synthesis electric field, thereby providing a basis for researching the discharge mechanism and the breakdown characteristic of the gap.
The invention relates to a method for calculating a synthetic electric field of a gap space of a power transmission line under a condition of forest fire, which has the advantages that:
1) the method for calculating the spatial synthetic electric field of the power transmission line under the flame of temperature-fluid-particle motion-electric field multi-field coupling can conveniently obtain and analyze the distortion condition of the gap electric field under the flame condition, and is beneficial to the research of the gap breakdown theory under the flame condition.
2) Most researches only carry out qualitative analysis, the patent provides an observation and statistics method for particles in a gas-solid two-phase body and a calculation method for particle charge, and preliminary quantitative analysis can be realized.
3) The method for correcting the parameters of the fluid density and the kinematic viscosity by using the correction coefficient simplifies the calculation method of the gas-solid two-phase body motion, and makes the calculation more convenient and faster.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the flame gap zone division of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the particle size and volume distribution of smaller carbon black particles measured according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow velocity vector diagram of interstitial fluid under flame conditions, as simulated by the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the simulated resultant electric field in the flame gap space.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a method for calculating a composite electric field of a gap space of a power transmission line under a mountain fire condition includes the following steps:
step 1): according to a typical vegetation combustion test, flame height, temperature, form and flame conductivity are observed, a stable combustion area is selected according to the combustion characteristics, and a gap below a power transmission line is divided into a flame equivalent area and a gas-solid two-phase body area, as shown in fig. 2.
Step 2): measuring particles with a particle size of < 1mm by using a differential motion particle sizer to obtain a statistical measure of particle size and volume distribution, e.g., a volume concentration of 43 μm particles of about 30 μm3/cm3(ii) a Measuring particles with the particle size of more than or equal to 1mm by using a vernier caliper, and obtaining a statistical rule of the number of the particles and the particle size of the particles by combining with video observation of a combustion test, wherein for example, about 30-40 large-size ashes with the length of about 5-7 mm exist in a gap of 100 cm;
step 3): the method for calculating the amount of charged particles in the gap is shown in formula 1, wherein q iskIs the charge amount of the particles,. epsilon0Is a vacuum dielectric constant of ∈rIs the relative dielectric constant of the particles, dkIs the diameter of the particle and E is the electric field at which the particle is locatedA value;
step 4): the calculation method of the temperature distribution and the fluid motion in the gas-solid two-phase body comprises the following steps of calculating the gas density rho according to the action of particles on air fluidqThe kinematic viscosity mu is multiplied by a correction factor α and calculated by the formula 2, wherein k is the number of particles and VkIs the volume of the kth particle,. DELTA.V is the unit volume and N is the number of particles in the unit volume. Establishing a three-dimensional model comprising a flame body area, a gas-solid two-phase body area, a ground electrode and a lead electrode, wherein the gas-solid two-phase body area is simulated by a fluid area with corrected fluid density and kinematic viscosity parameters, the flame body area is a heat source, heating power is set according to the vegetation combustion heat generation rate, and the transient temperature distribution and the fluid flow rate are solved by using a finite volume method;
step 5): the particle forces and movements are calculated as follows, the particles in the flame gap are mainly influenced by the electric field force, the fluid drag force and the gravity, the particle movements can be calculated according to the formula 3, wherein vkIs the particle velocity vector, mkIs the mass of the particles, FYIs the drag force of the fluid, FEIs the electric field force to which the particle is subjected, FgIs the particle gravity, pkIs the particle density, CcIs the Cunningham correction factor, vqIs the gas velocity, g is the acceleration of gravity, CcCalculating according to a formula 4, wherein lambda is a molecular free path, and e is a base number of a natural logarithm;
step 6): the synthetic electric field calculation method comprises the following steps of establishing a three-dimensional model comprising a flame body area, a gas-solid two-phase body area, a ground electrode and a lead electrode, applying a voltage value on the lead electrode, setting particulate matters and the charge quantity thereof in the gas-solid two-phase body area, calculating the charge quantity of the particulate matters according to a formula 1, setting the conductivity sigma of the flame body according to a measurement result, setting the ground electrode and the boundary to be 0 potential, and solving a space synthetic electric field value by using a finite element method;
and 7) setting initial particle distribution, carrying out multi-field coupling calculation of the temperature, the fluid, the particle motion and the electric field by the calculation method in the steps 3-6, and finishing iterative calculation to obtain a final space synthesis electric field when the error of the two-time calculation is smaller than a set target error value η% by multiple iterative calculation.
Example (b):
take the fir wood crib flame test of the simulation wire electrode as an example:
in this example, 40kV was applied to the dummy lead electrode by 21X 10cm3The square fir wood stack is burnt to simulate mountain fire, the gap height is 100cm, and the flame gap space synthesis electric field calculation is carried out.
1) When the fir wood crib is stably combusted, the maximum height of the flame is observed to be 60cm, the stable combustion height is 55cm, the maximum temperature of the flame is 747 ℃ measured by a thermocouple, the equivalent diameter of the stable combustion area of the flame is 16cm, and the electrical conductivity is 5.9 multiplied by 109S/cm, and the combustion heat generation rate was 1.21 g/S. A cylinder with the diameter of 16cm and the height of 55cm is simply selected as a flame body area, and other areas are gas-solid two-phase body areas of particles and air.
2) Carbon black particles having a particle size of < 1mm were measured by a differential motion particle sizer, and the results are shown in FIG. 3, which shows a particle size range from 0.01 μm to over 43 μm, and it can be seen that the curve has two peaks of about 0.3 μm and 43 μm, and the particle volume concentration of 0.3 μm is about 17 μm3/cm3The volume concentration of particles having a particle diameter of 43 μm is about 30 μm3/cm3(ii) a Measuring ash and wood dust with particle diameter of 1mm or more with vernier caliper, the diameter is 1-2 mm, the length is 1-7 mm, and obtaining statistical data through video observation of video, such as lengthAbout 30-40 large-size ashes with a density of about 5-7 mm are present in a 100cm gap.
3) Calculating the charge quantity q of the particles in the flame according to the formula 1kIn the formula of0Is a vacuum dielectric constant of ∈rIs the relative dielectric constant of the particles, dkIs the diameter of the particle, E is the value of the electric field at which the particle is located; the charge of the particles with different sizes and different positions can be calculated by programming, for example, the wood chips with the particle diameter of 1mm have a relative dielectric constant of 2.8, and the electric field intensity of the position is 1kV/cm, so the charge amount is 4.86 multiplied by 10-12C。
4) Calculating the volume percentage of the particles according to the statistical rule of the size and distribution of the particles in the gas-solid two-phase body, calculating a correction coefficient α according to a formula 2, and adjusting the gas density rhoqAnd (3) multiplying the kinematic viscosity mu by α to correct, establishing a three-dimensional model of the flame gap, setting the corrected fluid density and kinematic viscosity parameters, combining the measured vegetation combustion heat generation rate of 23.22kJ/s, solving transient temperature distribution and fluid motion by using a finite volume method, obtaining temperature values and fluid flow rates of different positions of a gas-solid two-phase body area, obtaining a fluid flow rate vector diagram as shown in figure 4, and seeing that the lead electrode also has a certain barrier effect on the fluid, and the fluid flow rate above the lead electrode is about 2.8m/s at most.
5) Substituting parameters such as fluid flow velocity, particle distribution, particle charge and mass into formula 3, calculating stress of particles in the flame gap, wherein the particles in the flame gap are mainly affected by electric field force, fluid drag force and gravity, the particle motion can be calculated according to formula 3, and v in the formulakIs the particle velocity vector, mkIs the mass of the particles, FYIs the drag force of the fluid, FEIs the electric field force to which the particle is subjected, FgIs the particle gravity, pkIs the particle density, CcIs the Cunningham correction factor, vqIs the gas velocity and g is the acceleration of gravity. CcAnd calculating according to a formula 4, wherein lambda is a molecular free path, and e is a base number of a natural logarithm. And (4) simulating and calculating the stress and movement of particles in the flame gap according to a formula 3. For example, a particle of 1mm diameter and 3X 10 in mass-4g, the gravity is about 3X 10-6N; the electric field intensity at the position is 1kV/cm, and the charge amount is 4.86 multiplied by 10-12C, the magnitude of the electric field force is 4.86 multiplied by 10-7N; the self speed of the particles is 1.5m/s, the fluid speed is 2.5m/s, and the drag force of the fluid is 6.31 multiplied by 10-7And N, synthesizing the three force vectors to obtain the resultant force applied to the particles.
6) The synthetic electric field calculation method comprises the following steps of establishing a three-dimensional model comprising a flame body area, a gas-solid two-phase body area, a ground electrode and a lead electrode, applying a voltage of 40kV on the lead electrode, setting particulate matters and the charge quantity thereof in the gas-solid two-phase body area, calculating the charge quantity of the particulate matters according to a formula 1, and setting the conductivity of the flame body to be 5.9 multiplied by 10 according to a measurement result9S/cm, setting the ground electrode and the boundary to be 0 potential, and solving the space synthesis electric field value by using a finite element method.
7) Setting a target error value as 1%, setting initial particle distribution, performing multi-field coupling calculation of temperature-fluid-particle motion-electric field by the calculation method in the steps 3-6, iterating to obtain new particle distribution and electric field value, performing the steps 3-6 again to perform iterative calculation, finishing the iterative calculation after multiple iterations when the error of two times of calculation is less than 1%, and taking the calculation result as final space electric field distribution. For example, the calculation result of the electric field intensity value of a straight line segment in the flame gap region is shown in fig. 5, and it can be seen that the charged particles severely distort the space electric field.
Claims (1)
1. A method for calculating a synthetic electric field of a gap space of a power transmission line under a condition of mountain fire is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1): observing the height, temperature, form and flame conductivity of flame according to a typical vegetation combustion test, selecting a stable combustion area according to the height, temperature, form and flame conductivity combustion characteristics of the flame, and dividing a gap below a power transmission line into a flame equivalent area and a gas-solid two-phase area;
step 2): measuring particles with the particle size less than 1mm by using a differential motion particle size analyzer to obtain a statistical rule of particle size and volume distribution of the particles; measuring particles with the particle size of more than or equal to 1mm by using a vernier caliper, and obtaining a statistical rule of the number of the particles and the particle size of the particles by combining with video observation of a combustion test;
step 3): the method for calculating the amount of charged particles in the gap is shown in formula 1, wherein q iskIs the charge amount of the particles,. epsilon0Is a vacuum dielectric constant of ∈rIs the relative dielectric constant of the particles, dkIs the diameter of the particle, E is the value of the electric field at which the particle is located;
step 4): the calculation method of the temperature distribution and the fluid motion in the gas-solid two-phase body comprises the following steps of calculating the gas density rho according to the action of particles on air fluidqThe kinematic viscosity mu is multiplied by a correction factor α and calculated by the formula 2, wherein k is the number of particles and VkIs the volume of the kth particle,. DELTA.V is the unit volume and N is the number of particles in the unit volume; establishing a three-dimensional model comprising a flame body area, a gas-solid two-phase body area, a ground electrode and a lead electrode, wherein the gas-solid two-phase body area is simulated by a fluid area with corrected fluid density and kinematic viscosity parameters, the flame body area is a heat source, heating power is set according to the vegetation combustion heat generation rate, and the transient temperature distribution and the fluid flow rate are solved by using a finite volume method;
step 5): the particle forces and movements are calculated as follows, the particles in the flame gap are mainly influenced by the electric field force, the fluid drag force and the gravity, the particle movements are calculated according to the formula 3, wherein vkIs the particle velocity, mkIs the mass of the particles, FYIs the drag force of the fluid, FEIs the electric field force to which the particle is subjected, FgIs the particle gravity, pkIs the particle density, CcIs the Cunningham correction factor, vqIs the gas velocity, g is the acceleration of gravity, CcCalculating according to a formula 4, wherein lambda is a molecular free path, and e is a base number of a natural logarithm;
step 6): the synthetic electric field calculation method comprises the following steps of establishing a three-dimensional model comprising a flame body area, a gas-solid two-phase body area, a ground electrode and a lead electrode, applying a voltage value on the lead electrode, setting particulate matters and the charge quantity thereof in the gas-solid two-phase body area, calculating the charge quantity of the particulate matters according to a formula 1, setting the conductivity sigma of the flame body area according to a measurement result, setting the ground electrode and a boundary to be 0 potential, and solving a space synthetic electric field value by using a finite element method;
and 7) setting initial particle distribution, carrying out multi-field coupling calculation of the temperature, the fluid, the particle motion and the electric field by the calculation method in the steps 3-6, and finishing iterative calculation to obtain a final space synthesis electric field when the error of the electric field calculation in two times is smaller than a set target error value η% by multiple iterative calculation.
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| CN109444563A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-03-08 | 三峡大学 | The charged test platform of vegetation burning particles object under a kind of transmission line simulation electric field |
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