CN106978998B - Method for exploiting oil gas from underground oil shale - Google Patents
Method for exploiting oil gas from underground oil shale Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
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- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910006297 γ-Fe2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GNMQOUGYKPVJRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ni+3].[Ni+3] GNMQOUGYKPVJRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 28
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
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- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for exploiting oil gas by using underground oil shale, and relates to the technical field of oil exploitation. According to the horizontal well seam forming method, fracturing and seam forming are carried out by adopting fracturing fluid containing the microwave strong absorbent, so that the microwave strong absorbent can be uniformly distributed in the seam formed by fracturing by the method, and the utilization rate of microwave heating is improved. The method for exploiting oil and gas by using the underground oil shale comprises the following steps: drilling a horizontal well and a vertical production well for the oil shale stratum; performing fracturing and crack making on the horizontal well by using fracturing fluid, wherein the fracturing fluid contains a microwave strong absorbent; by utilizing microwave radiation heating, oil gas generated by pyrolysis of kerogen is led out through a production well, and the heated efficiency of oil shale and the extraction rate of shale oil are effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil exploitation, in particular to a method for exploiting oil gas by using underground oil shale.
Background
The oil shale belongs to unconventional oil and gas resources like oil sand and coal bed gas, shale oil cannot be extracted only by means of drilling and pumping technologies, and solid organic matters (kerogen) which are tightly combined with matrix minerals in the oil shale are converted into shale oil in a heating mode to be output. At present, the methods for extracting oil shale are divided into surface mining and underground in-situ mining. The surface mining usually comprises two parts of surface mining and ground low-temperature dry distillation heating, and although the technology is quite mature, a large amount of three wastes are generated, so that the environment is greatly polluted. Underground in-situ mining refers to a method for directly heating an oil shale reservoir at high temperature underground, converting solid kerogen in oil shale into shale oil and then mining the shale oil from the underground. The underground in-situ mining of the oil shale can avoid the environmental pollution generated during the dry distillation, and is a relatively economic and environment-friendly shale oil preparation technology.
At present, oil shale in-situ mining methods in the world can reach more than ten kinds, and the in-situ mining technologies represented by ICP technology of Shell company, ExxonMobil technology of ExxonMobil company and Crush technology of Chevron company have small influence on the environment, but have slow heating speed, low energy utilization rate and higher cost. The microwave heating has the characteristics of high heating speed and volume type heating, and can just make up for the defects of other technologies. Oil shale is a weakly absorbing medium for microwaves.
In addition, the permeability of the oil shale formation is extremely poor, and the oil (gas) formed after in-situ heating can be ensured to enter a production well only by having sufficient oil-gas channels, so that the formation of the oil-gas channels is ensured by having communicated cracks in the oil shale formation. The hydraulic fracturing technology is one of the important technical means for improving the formation permeability and is widely applied to various low-permeability unconventional oil and gas fields. Therefore, before the oil shale is subjected to in-situ heating exploitation, the hydraulic fracturing construction can be carried out on the oil shale, so that a crack is formed in an oil shale rock stratum, and the purposes of improving the permeability and an oil-gas seepage passage of the oil shale rock stratum are achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a horizontal well seam making method, which can enable a microwave strong absorbent to be uniformly distributed in a seam fractured by the method.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method of producing hydrocarbons from subterranean oil shale which effectively increases the heating efficiency of the oil shale and the shale oil extraction rate.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a horizontal well fracture-making method, which adopts fracturing fluid containing a microwave strong absorbent to perform fracturing and fracture-making.
The invention provides a method for exploiting oil and gas by using underground oil shale, which comprises the following steps:
horizontal wells as well as vertical production wells are drilled for the oil shale formation.
And fracturing and making a crack on the horizontal well by using fracturing fluid, wherein the fracturing fluid contains a microwave strong absorbent.
And (3) heating by utilizing microwave radiation, so that oil gas generated by pyrolysis of kerogen is led out through a production well.
The method for exploiting the oil gas by using the underground oil shale has the advantages that: the horizontal well seam forming method can enable the microwave strong absorbent to be uniformly distributed in the seam fractured by the method, and improve the utilization rate of microwave heating.
In addition, the oil drainage area of the oil shale can be effectively increased through the horizontal well seam forming method, the seepage channel of the oil shale is improved, meanwhile, the fracturing fluid contains a microwave strong absorbent, the microwave strong absorbent can be rapidly and uniformly dispersed in a fractured seam, meanwhile, the formation moisture, the water phase of the fracturing fluid, the microwave strong absorbent and the oil shale stratum are heated through microwave radiation, according to different microwave absorption degrees of various substances, the microwave first heats the water phase of the fracturing fluid and the water in the oil shale stratum to generate steam, the pressure in the stratum is further increased after the steam is generated, more micro cracks are generated on the basis of the original cracks, the steam can also displace shale oil to a production well, the exploitation efficiency is improved, and water resources are saved.
After the water phase is evaporated, the microwave strong absorbent in the fracturing fluid plays a role to assist microwaves to further heat the oil shale, so that the oil shale is pyrolyzed, and the generated oil gas is discharged out along with a production well through an improved seepage channel.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for producing hydrocarbons from subterranean oil shale in accordance with example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an application of the method for producing hydrocarbons from underground oil shale according to example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a specific application of the oil producing well according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Icon: 30-oil shale rock formations; 40-horizontal well; 50-a production well; 510-a microwave emission source; 520-temperature detector.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The method for exploiting oil and gas by using underground oil shale and shale oil provided by the embodiment of the invention are specifically described below.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and 2 together, the present embodiment provides a method for exploiting oil and gas from underground oil shale, which includes a horizontal well 40 perforating method, specifically, the method for exploiting oil and gas from underground oil shale includes the following steps:
And 200, fracturing and making a crack on the horizontal well 40 by using fracturing fluid, wherein the fracturing fluid contains a microwave strong absorbent.
And 300, heating by utilizing microwave radiation, so that oil gas generated by pyrolysis of kerogen is led out through the production well 50.
The details will be described below.
In step 100, because the oil permeability of the oil shale formation 30 is very poor, the oil gas formed after in-situ heating can only have sufficient oil gas channels to ensure that the oil gas can enter the production well, and therefore, a connected fracture needs to be formed in the oil shale formation to ensure the formation of the oil gas channels.
Referring to fig. 2, shale oil recovery is facilitated by drilling horizontal wells 40 and production wells 50 in an oil shale formation 30. In the present invention, the relative positions of the horizontal well 40 and the production well 50 are not defined.
Further, the oil shale formation 30 may be slotted for improved percolation pathways of the oil shale formation 30.
In the step 200, fracturing and fracture-making are preferably performed on the horizontal well 40 by using a fracturing fluid, and the process is mature, so that the fracture can be effectively made, and the permeability of the oil shale is improved.
Because the oil shale is a weak microwave absorbent, the heating effect of the independently used microwaves on the oil shale is not good, and the strong microwave absorbent is added, so that the oil shale rock stratum 30 is heated through the heat transfer effect after the temperature of the strong microwave absorbent is raised, the oil shale can reach the pyrolysis temperature quickly, and the heating efficiency of the microwaves is improved.
However, the microwave strong absorber is used in a small amount in the fractured gap and the horizontal well 40, and the shape of the fractured gap is irregular, so that the added microwave strong absorber is difficult to be uniformly distributed in the gap and the horizontal well 40, so that the heating is not uniform, and the heating effect of the microwave is reduced.
Therefore, preferably, the method for horizontal well 40 fracture formation provided by the invention is adopted, namely, fracturing fluid containing strong microwave absorber is adopted to fracture and form fracture on the horizontal well 40. The fracturing fluid contains a microwave strong absorbent, namely the fracturing fluid contains a fracturing fluid base fluid and a microwave strong absorbent, and the microwave strong absorbent and the fracturing fluid base fluid are uniformly mixed to obtain the fracturing fluid provided by the invention.
Therefore, along with the progress of fracturing and crack formation, the microwave strong absorbent is pumped into the oil shale rock stratum 30 along with the fracturing fluid to form cracks, and the microwave strong absorbent is uniformly distributed in each crack, so that the microwave heating effect is effectively improved, the step of filling the microwave strong absorbent is performed by manpower, and the labor cost is saved.
The microwave strong absorbent is a nano metal oxide particle, which has small particle size, is not easy to cause blockage, improves the oil recovery rate, and has little harm to the environment.
The fracturing fluid in the embodiment is a foamed fracturing fluid which is formed by adding a foaming agent and nano metal oxide particles into a base fluid and foaming to form a liquid phase of water and a gas phase of nitrogen. The foamed fracturing fluid is pumped into the oil shale formation 30 to form fractures that open the natural gas reservoir. The nano metal oxide particles are solid particles, so that the nano metal oxide particles have a certain foam stabilizing effect when added into the fracturing fluid, the fracturing fluid can be conveniently and smoothly injected into a stratum, and the efficiency of the fracturing fluid is improved. Because the water phase of the foam fracturing fluid is evaporated, the fracturing fluid does not need to be reversely discharged, the construction time is reduced, and the construction efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, under the condition that the extraction rate of the shale oil is the same, the using amount of water can be effectively reduced.
More preferably, the microwave strong absorbent can be nano gamma-Fe2O3Nano Fe3O4Nano Ni2O3At least one of them, e.g. the microwave strong absorber is nano gamma-Fe2O3Or nano Fe3O4And can also be nano Ni2O3And nano gamma-Fe2O3The mixture has good microwave absorption effect and is green and environment-friendly.
In the embodiment, the microwave strong absorbent is preferably nano gamma-Fe2O3Its microwave absorption efficiency is good.
The concentration of the microwave strong absorbent in the fracturing fluid is too high, which easily causes waste of the microwave strong absorbent and increases shale oil recovery cost, but the concentration of the microwave strong absorbent in the fracturing fluid is too low, which causes poor heating effect of the oil shale formation 30 and low shale oil recovery rate, so that preferably, the concentration of the microwave strong absorbent in the fracturing fluid is 0.05-2 wt%, for example, the concentration of the microwave strong absorbent in the fracturing fluid is 0.05 wt%, 0.15 wt%, 1.5 wt% and 2 wt%, etc., the utilization rate of the microwave strong absorbent is good, and the heating effect is good.
More preferably, the concentration of the microwave strong absorber in the fracturing fluid is 0.1-1 wt%, for example, the concentration of the microwave strong absorber in the fracturing fluid is 0.1 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 1 wt%, etc., and further preferably, the concentration of the microwave strong absorber in the fracturing fluid is 0.1 wt%, and the microwave absorption efficiency is good.
According to step 300, the oil gas generated by pyrolysis of kerogen is led out through the production well 50 by using microwave radiation heating, preferably, referring to fig. 3, the microwave radiation heating is radiated by a microwave emission source 510 arranged in the production well 50, the radiation area is wider, and the installation, the disassembly and the maintenance of the microwave emission source 510 are convenient.
In step 300, because the microwave absorption degrees of the substances are different, the microwave heats the water phase of the fracturing fluid and the water in the stratum, the pressure in the oil shale rock layer 30 is further increased after the water vapor is generated, more micro cracks are generated on the basis of the original cracks, the permeability of the oil shale rock layer 30 is further improved, and the shale oil recovery ratio is improved.
The solvent water contained in the existing fracturing fluid is polluted and then is discharged back to the ground under the high pressure formed by natural gas. The water polluted by chemical agents and salt in the stratum is discharged into rivers, lakes and seas or other water bodies after being treated. In the embodiment, part of water is finally discharged to the ground as steam, so that the probability of water pollution by chemical reagents and salt in the stratum is reduced, and the water pollution is reduced.
After the water phase is evaporated, the microwave strong absorbent in the fracturing fluid plays a role in assisting the microwave to further heat the oil shale, so that the oil shale is pyrolyzed, and the generated oil gas is discharged and extracted along with the production well 50 through the improved seepage channel.
When water in the stratum close to the microwave emission source 510 is evaporated to form seams and shale oil is exploited, at the moment, the transmission resistance of the oil shale close to the microwave emission source 510 to microwaves is very weak, and microwave beams can be transmitted to a longer distance to act on the oil shale in the deep stratum, so that more oil and gas are exploited, and the recovery ratio is effectively improved.
Specifically, the action mechanism of the microwave is as follows: (1) heating action: the oil shale is a weak microwave absorbent, and can quickly reach the pyrolysis temperature through heat transfer by adding the strong microwave absorbent, so that the heating efficiency of the microwave is improved; (2) the sewing effect is as follows: when the microwave acts on the oil shale formation 30, the temperature gradient of different minerals of the oil shale formation 30 may be large, and thermal stress may be generated. And the fluid in the pores can be gasified, so that the pressure in the pores is increased, and the formation is subjected to microcracking; (3) non-thermal effects: the frequency of microwave heating is close to the natural frequency of some macromolecules of the shale oil generated after heating, so that strong resonance is caused, the breakage of chemical bonds of macromolecular substances is facilitated, and the oil quality of the shale oil is improved.
Preferably, referring to fig. 3, in the process of exploiting oil and gas from underground oil shale, the temperature in the production well 50 may be monitored by using the temperature detector 520, and the frequency of the microwave, the heating time, and the like may be adjusted according to the result of the detection feedback, so as to improve the shale oil recovery efficiency.
Further, a microwave control device (not shown) is electrically connected to the microwave emitter 510 to adjust the frequency of the microwave, the heating time, and the like. In this embodiment, a microwave control device with a microwave emission source 510 is adopted, which is a conventional device and will not be described herein.
The method provided by the embodiment is used for researching the pyrolysis rule of the oil shale in the microwave field.
As a result, in the microwave heating process, when the strong microwave absorbent is not added into the fracturing fluid, the oil shale is heated quickly at the beginning under the action of water, but the temperature rises slowly after the temperature exceeds 100 ℃, and the temperature can only reach 320 ℃ within 20 minutes, so that the oil shale cannot be pyrolyzed.
After the microwave strong absorbent is added, the oil shale is heated quickly and reaches the pyrolysis temperature quickly, experiments show that different microwave powers have large influence on the heating of the oil shale, and fracturing and crack forming are carried out by using the fracturing fluid containing the microwave strong absorbent, so that the heating rate of the oil shale is increased.
The quality of shale oil obtained by condensing shale oil is related to the power of microwaves and the heating temperature of the shale oil, but the shale oil obtained by heating the water contained in the rock formation, the water phase of the fracturing fluid, the strong microwave absorbent and the oil shale rock formation 30 by microwave radiation through the microwave emitting source 510 is more than that obtained by conventional electric heating, and the recovery ratio is improved by 46.3 percent to the maximum.
Through determination, compared with shale oil recovered by conventional heating, the shale oil recovered by the method provided by the embodiment has the advantages that the oil quality of the shale oil recovered by the method provided by the embodiment is improved, the content of light hydrocarbon in the prepared shale oil is higher, and the content of nitrogen and sulfur is reduced.
Therefore, the shale oil finally prepared by the method provided by the embodiment has high oil quality.
In summary, according to the method for exploiting oil and gas by using the underground oil shale provided by the embodiment of the invention, the horizontal well seam-making method can enable the microwave strong absorbent to be uniformly distributed in the seam fractured by the method, so that the utilization rate of the microwave strong absorbent is improved, and the method for exploiting oil and gas by using the underground oil shale is matched with microwave radiation heating, so that the heating efficiency of the oil shale is effectively improved, and the extraction rate of shale oil is improved.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method of producing hydrocarbons from subterranean oil shale, comprising:
drilling a horizontal well and a vertical production well for the oil shale formation;
fracturing and crack-making are carried out on the horizontal well by utilizing fracturing fluid, wherein the fracturing fluid contains a microwave strong absorbent;
heating by microwave radiation, and leading oil gas generated by pyrolysis of kerogen out through a production well;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the fracturing fluid is a foam fracturing fluid which takes water as a liquid phase and nitrogen as a gas phase by adding a foaming agent and nano metal oxide particles into a base fluid for foaming;
the microwave strong absorbent is nano metal oxide particles;
the concentration of the microwave strong absorbent in the fracturing fluid is 0.05-2 wt%;
the microwave radiation heating is radiated by a microwave emission source arranged in the production well.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the microwave strong absorber is nano-gamma-Fe2O3Nano Fe3O4Nano Ni2O3At least one of (1).
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the microwave strong absorber is nano-gamma-Fe2O3。
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the concentration of the strong microwave absorber in the fracturing fluid is 0.1-1 wt%.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the concentration of the strong microwave absorber in the fracturing fluid is 0.1 wt%.
6. A method according to claim 5, wherein temperature changes in the production well are monitored during the heating by microwave radiation using temperature sensors.
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