CN106968737A - A kind of low temperature exhaust heat comprehensive reutilization experimental system - Google Patents
A kind of low temperature exhaust heat comprehensive reutilization experimental system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106968737A CN106968737A CN201710310034.4A CN201710310034A CN106968737A CN 106968737 A CN106968737 A CN 106968737A CN 201710310034 A CN201710310034 A CN 201710310034A CN 106968737 A CN106968737 A CN 106968737A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/003—Arrangements for measuring or testing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
- F01K27/02—Plants modified to use their waste heat, other than that of exhaust, e.g. engine-friction heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of low temperature exhaust heat comprehensive reutilization experimental system, including constant temperature water tank, the constant temperature water tank is connected with first circulation water pump, second circulation water pump respectively；The constant temperature water tank is used to heating and storing the water in preset temperature range；The first circulation water pump is connected with a heat pump, and the heat pump is used for the heat for absorbing the constant temperature water tank reclaimed water that the first circulation water pump conveying comes, and to outer quantity of heat given up after heating treatment is done；The second circulation water pump is connected with the heat pump and a low-temperature generating system respectively, the low-temperature generating system is used to absorb the heat of the constant temperature water tank reclaimed water by the second circulation water pump or absorbs the heat that the heat pump is outwards exported, and then generates electricity.The present invention can effectively take heat from low temperature exhaust heat, improve waste heat quality, it is to avoid limited when using waste heat by time and use condition, effectively improve the utilization ratio to low temperature exhaust heat.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to using energy source and field of environmental technology, more particularly to a kind of low temperature exhaust heat comprehensive reutilization is real
Check system.
Background technology
At present, Low Temperature Thermal is ubiquitous in nature and reserves are huge, such as solar energy, geothermal energy, and industrial exhaust heat
As a kind of Low Temperature Thermal, its discharge capacity is also huge, and such as metallurgy, chemical industry, refinery, food, building materials, the industry that generates electricity have greatly
The waste heat discharge of amount, the discharge of these Low Temperature Thermals not only causes the significant wastage of the energy, is also the principal element of environmental thermal pollution.
Therefore, it is one of important content and Main Means of highly energy-consuming trade energy-saving and emission-reduction to make full use of residual heat resources.
In the residual heat resources of various grades, the heat recovery technology of high temperature and high temperature is ripe.Middle low temperature
Heat recovery technology also has commercial applications, and technology is mature on the whole, still, the efficiency of recycling system, stability and
Also there are some problems in adaptability.And for the recovery and utilization of low temperature exhaust heat, because technical difficulty is higher, also without business
Change operation case.How to improve waste heat quality using the key of low temperature exhaust heat, and how to solve using waste heat when by when
Between and use condition limitation.
There is presently no a kind of technology, it being capable of effective recycling low temperature exhaust heat, raising waste heat quality, it is to avoid using
Limited during waste heat by time and use condition, effectively improve the utilization ratio to low temperature exhaust heat.
The content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of low temperature exhaust heat comprehensive reutilization experimental system, it can have
Effect ground takes heat from low temperature exhaust heat, improves waste heat quality, it is to avoid limited when using waste heat by time and use condition, effectively
Improve to the utilization ratio of low temperature exhaust heat, be conducive to popularizing for the low temperature new energy such as solar energy, geothermal energy, be new energy and
Industrial waste heat expands provides application foundation technology using region and extension use time.
Therefore, the invention provides a kind of low temperature exhaust heat comprehensive reutilization experimental system, including constant temperature water tank, the perseverance
Reservoir is connected with first circulation water pump, second circulation water pump respectively；
The constant temperature water tank is used to heating and storing the water in preset temperature range；
The first circulation water pump is connected with a heat pump, and the heat pump is used to absorb the first circulation
The heat for the constant temperature water tank reclaimed water that water pump conveying comes, and to outer quantity of heat given up after heating treatment is done；
The second circulation water pump is connected with the heat pump and a low-temperature generating system respectively, described low
Warm electricity generation system is used to absorb the heat of the constant temperature water tank reclaimed water by the second circulation water pump or absorbs the heat pump system
The heat that system is outwards exported, is then generated electricity, and the electric energy for the acquisition that generates electricity is exported and used to user.
Wherein, the heat pump includes evaporator with heat pump, heat pump compressor and heat pump condenser, the evaporator with heat pump
The sender property outlet on right-hand member top is connected with the working medium entrances of the heat pump compressor left end, the work of the heat pump compressor right-hand member
Matter outlet is connected with the working medium entrances of the heat pump condenser left upper part, and the working medium of the heat pump condenser left end bottom goes out
Mouth is connected through restricting element with the working medium entrances of the evaporator with heat pump right-hand member bottom；
The circulation that the second circulation water pump passes through the heat pump condenser bottom in a fluid reservoir and the heat pump
Water out is connected, and the circulation water inlet at the top of the heat pump condenser is connected with the constant temperature water tank；
The circulation water inlet of the evaporator with heat pump bottom is connected with the first circulation water pump, the evaporator with heat pump
The circulating water outlet at top is connected with the constant temperature water tank.
Wherein, the low-temperature generating system includes low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator, expanding machine, low-temperature electricity-generating condenser, low temperature hair
Electric working medium pump and generator；
Wherein, the circulation water inlet of the low-temperature electricity-generating base of evaporator is connected with the second circulation water pump, described
Circulating water outlet at the top of low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator is connected with the constant temperature water tank, the recirculated water at the top of the heat pump condenser
Entrance is connected with the constant temperature water tank, the circulating water outlet of the heat pump condenser bottom by the 3rd water circulating pump with
The constant temperature water tank is connected；
The sender property outlet on the low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator right-hand member top is connected with the working medium entrances of the expanding machine left end,
The sender property outlet of the expanding machine right-hand member is connected with the working medium entrances of the low-temperature electricity-generating condenser left upper part, the low temperature
The sender property outlet of generating condenser left end bottom is connected with the working medium entrances of the low-temperature electricity-generating working medium pump right-hand member, the low temperature
The sender property outlet of generating working medium pump left end is connected with the working medium entrances of the low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator right-hand member bottom；
The expanding machine is connected with the generator.
Wherein, the generator is connected with default any one or multiple electrical equipments, for for the electricity consumption
Equipment offer work electricity consumption.
Wherein, the circulating water outlet of the low-temperature electricity-generating condenser bottom is connected with the 3rd water circulating pump, described
The circulation water inlet of low-temperature electricity-generating condenser overhead is connected with the constant temperature water tank.
Wherein, the constant temperature water tank top is connected with an outside cold water source, the constant temperature water tank bottom with one
Outside water storing vessel is connected.
Wherein, the running water cooling coil of bending, the running water cooling coil and institute are provided with the constant temperature water tank
Outside cold water source is stated to be connected.
Wherein, it is also equipped with resistive heater on the constant temperature water tank.
The technical scheme that the present invention is provided more than, compared with prior art, the invention provides a kind of low temperature
Residual heat integrative recycles experimental system, and it can effectively take heat from low temperature exhaust heat, improves waste heat quality, it is to avoid using
Limited during waste heat by time and use condition, effectively improve the utilization ratio to low temperature exhaust heat, be conducive to solar energy, geothermal energy
It is that new energy and industrial waste heat expansion are provided using region and extension use time and applied base Deng popularizing for low temperature new energy
Plinth technology.
Brief description of the drawings
A kind of structure schematic diagram for low temperature exhaust heat comprehensive reutilization experimental system that Fig. 1 provides for the present invention；
In figure, 1 is constant temperature water tank, and 2 be first circulation water pump, and 11 be running water cooling coil, and 31 be evaporator with heat pump, 32
It is heat pump condenser for heat pump compressor, 33；
4 be fluid reservoir, and 5 be second circulation water pump, and 61 be low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator, and 62 be expanding machine, and 63 be low-temperature electricity-generating
Condenser, 64 be low-temperature electricity-generating working medium pump, and 65 be generator, and 7 be the 3rd water circulating pump；
100 be outside cold water source, and 200 be outside water storing vessel.
Embodiment
In order that those skilled in the art more fully understand the present invention program, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings with embodiment to this
Invention is described in further detail.
Referring to Fig. 1, the invention provides a kind of low temperature exhaust heat comprehensive reutilization experimental system, including constant temperature water tank 1, institute
Constant temperature water tank 1 is stated respectively with first circulation water pump 2, second circulation water pump 5 to be connected；
The constant temperature water tank 1 is used for the water for heating and storing in preset temperature range (such as 50~100 degrees Celsius)；
The first circulation water pump 2 is connected with a heat pump, and the heat pump is followed for absorbing described first
Ring water pump 2 conveys the heat of the reclaimed water of constant temperature water tank 1 come, and to outer quantity of heat given up after heating treatment is done, is specially：Output
Space (such as parlor, bedroom) or the low-temperature generating system of heat supply are needed to user；
The second circulation water pump 5 is connected with the heat pump and a low-temperature generating system respectively, described
Low-temperature generating system is used to absorb the heat of the reclaimed water of constant temperature water tank 1 by the second circulation water pump 5 or absorbs the heat
The heat that pumping system is outwards exported, is then generated electricity, and the electric energy for the acquisition that generates electricity is exported and used to user.
In the present invention, implement, the heat pump includes evaporator with heat pump 31, heat pump compressor 32 and heat pump
Condenser 33, working medium (the being specially refrigerant) outlet on the right-hand member top of evaporator with heat pump 31 and the heat pump compressor 32 are left
The working medium entrances at end are connected (especially by a pipeline), sender property outlet and the heat pump of the right-hand member of heat pump compressor 32
The working medium entrances of the left upper part of condenser 33 are connected (especially by a pipeline), the left end bottom of heat pump condenser 33
Sender property outlet is through under restricting element (such as capillary, heating power expansion valve, electric expansion valve) and the right-hand member of evaporator with heat pump 31
The working medium entrances in portion are connected (especially by a pipeline)；
Implement, the second circulation water pump 5 is condensed by the heat pump in a fluid reservoir 4 and the heat pump
The circulating water outlet of the bottom of device 33 is connected, the circulation water inlet and the phase of constant temperature water tank 1 at the top of heat pump condenser 33
Connection；
The circulation water inlet of the bottom of evaporator with heat pump 31 is connected with the first circulation water pump 2, and the heat pump steams
The circulating water outlet at the top of hair device 31 is connected with the constant temperature water tank 1.
In the present invention, implement, the low-temperature generating system include low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator 61, expanding machine 62,
Low-temperature electricity-generating condenser 63, low-temperature electricity-generating working medium pump 64 and generator 65；
Wherein, the circulation water inlet of the bottom of low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator 61 is connected with the second circulation water pump 5 (has
Body passes through a pipeline), the circulating water outlet at the top of low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator 61 is connected with the constant temperature water tank 1, heat
The circulation water inlet at the top of pump condenser 33 is connected with the constant temperature water tank 1, the recirculated water of the bottom of heat pump condenser 33
Outlet is connected by the 3rd water circulating pump 7 with the constant temperature water tank 1；
It should be noted that the fluid reservoir 4, second circulation water pump 5 are located at the heat pump condenser 33 and low-temperature electricity-generating
Between evaporator 61, while in view of the circulation water inlet at the top of the heat pump condenser 33 be connected with the constant temperature water tank 1 with
And the circulating water outlet at the top of low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator 61 is connected with the constant temperature water tank 1, so that the fluid reservoir 4,
Closed cycle pipeline can be formed between second circulation water pump 5, the heat pump condenser 33 and low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator 61.
In the present invention, it is necessary to which explanation, for the heat pump, (such as fluorine is sharp for the liquid refrigerant of low-temp low-pressure
It is high), from low-temperature heat source (hot water i.e. in constant temperature water tank 1) heat absorption and it is gasificated into low-pressure steam first in evaporator with heat pump 31.
Then the low pressure working fluid steam is compressed into the steam of HTHP in heat pump compressor 32, then proceedes to heat pump condensation
In device 33, the Working medium gas of the HTHP is cooled in heat pump condenser 33 condenses into highly pressurised liquid (this present invention's
Be in system by the originally water cooling from outside cold water source 100 shown in Fig. 1, or by with it is low in low-temperature generating system
The circulating water that warm generating evaporator 61 is connected.Again through restricting element (capillary, heating power expansion valve, electric expansion valve etc.)
The working medium for throttling into low-temp low-pressure liquid is returned in evaporator with heat pump 31.So complete a heat pump cycle.
In the present invention, working medium (refrigerant) outlet on the right-hand member top of low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator 61 and the expanding machine
The working medium entrances of 62 left ends are connected (especially by a pipeline), sender property outlet and the low temperature of the right-hand member of expanding machine 62
The working medium entrances of the left upper part of generating condenser 63 are connected, the sender property outlet of the left end bottom of low-temperature electricity-generating condenser 63 with
The working medium entrances of the right-hand member of low-temperature electricity-generating working medium pump 64 are connected, the sender property outlet of the left end of low-temperature electricity-generating working medium pump 64 with
The working medium entrances of the right-hand member bottom of low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator 61 are connected；
Implement, the expanding machine 62 is connected with the generator 65, the expanding machine 62 is used for the hair
Motor 65 exports energy, drives the cutting magnetic line of generator 65 to do work and generate electricity.Implement, the expanding machine 62 can
To drive the generator 65 to be generated electricity based on organic Rankine bottoming cycle (i.e. Two-way Cycle).
Implement, the generator 65 is connected with default any one or multiple electrical equipments, for for
The electrical equipment offer work electricity consumption.The electrical equipment can pre-set for any one users such as television set, refrigerators
Electric equipment.Implement, the experimental system provided for the present invention, be preferably to be disappeared with incandescent lamp as electrical equipment
The electric energy that consumption generator 65 is sent, advantage is because incandescent lamp is more directly perceived as experiment shows.
Implement, circulating water outlet and the phase of the 3rd water circulating pump 7 of the bottom of low-temperature electricity-generating condenser 63
Connection, the circulation water inlet at the top of low-temperature electricity-generating condenser 63 is connected with the constant temperature water tank 1.
For the present invention, implement, in view of sometimes the heat of constant temperature water tank 1 also has after supply heat pump
Rich heat, in order to balance the heat of affluence, the top of constant temperature water tank 1 can also be with an outside (example of cold water source 100
Such as running water water source) be connected, while the bottom of the constant temperature water tank 1 with one outside water storing vessel 200 (such as one hollow to deposit
Water tank) it is connected, the outside water storing vessel 200 is used to store the unnecessary water under placing not in the constant temperature water tank 1, i.e. thermostatted water
The draining of case 1.
Implement, the running water cooling coil 11 of bending, the originally water cooling are provided with the constant temperature water tank 1
Coil pipe 11 is connected with the outside cold water source.
Implement, following at the top of the circulating water outlet, the heat pump condenser 33 at the top of the evaporator with heat pump 31
The circulation water inlet point of ring water inlet, the circulating water outlet at the top of the low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator 61 and the top of heat pump condenser 33
Be not connected by pipeline with the outside cold water source so that by the control of valve, can facilitate with outside cold water source,
The circulation line of enclosed is formed between constant temperature water tank 1, is easy to water circulation.
For the present invention, implement, in view of sometimes the heat of constant temperature water tank 1 supply low-temperature generating system after,
Water temperature will be caused can not to be maintained in preset temperature range (such as 50~100 degrees Celsius), at this time, it is necessary to constant temperature water tank 1
Heated.Therefore, resistive heater is also equipped with the constant temperature water tank 1, the resistive heater is used for the constant temperature
The water that water tank 1 is deposited is heated.
For the present invention, it is necessary to illustrate, between the adjacent interconnected part of any two, especially by least
A piece hollow pipeline is connected.
It should be noted that be how to improve waste heat quality using the key of low temperature exhaust heat for the present invention, and how
Solve to be limited by time and geographical conditions when using waste heat.At present, high temperature heat pump is with its efficient heat-collecting, the spy of heat transfer
Point can be used for the quality for improving waste heat, and for heating, the life such as air-conditioning, domestic hot-water supply is hot and industry of production technology
Use hot field；But heat supply is either lived or produces, the demand for heat is all limited by season or use condition.The present invention
Using low-temperature electricity-generating technology, it can utilize organic Rankine bottoming cycle that the discarded heat energy of script is converted into electric energy, realization is turned waste into wealth,
Electric energy is a kind of easy to use, flexible high-grade energy, available for any one field, can be fully solved heat demand for temporally
The limitation of point condition, is a kind of effective way for improving efficiency of energy utilization, reducing environmental pollution, realizing comprehensive utilization of energy.
For the present invention, in order to be more clearly understood from technical scheme, with reference to specific embodiment to this
The operation principle for inventing three kinds of mode of operations having is illustrated respectively.
First, high temperature heat pump pattern.I.e. the present invention is used as high temperature heat pump system.50~100 are stored in constant temperature water tank 1
The water of DEG C scope, so that constant temperature water tank 1 simulates low temperature exhaust heat source, then by first circulation water pump 2 by constant temperature water tank 1
Water is conveyed to evaporator with heat pump 31, and the heat that evaporator with heat pump 31 will be absorbed in water, water is circulated after absorbing and cooling temperature by pipeline
Return in constant temperature water tank 1；
The working medium of HTHP after working medium in evaporator with heat pump 31 after draw heat is compressed by heat pump compressor 32, then
Export and give heat pump condenser 33 (being transferred to heat pump condenser 33 by inverse Carnot cycle), the working medium condensation of heat pump condenser 33
Heat release so that the circulating water temperature for flowing through heat pump condenser 33 rises, and the water after temperature rises is circulated back to constant temperature by pipeline
In water tank 1.Therefore, after the system run all right of the present invention, then the cold water provided with outside cold water source 200 is to constant temperature water tank
Water after heating is cooled down, to balance the rich heat of constant temperature water tank 1.
, can be by measuring the circulation of evaporator with heat pump 31 and heat pump condenser 33 it should be noted that for the present invention
Water-carrying capacity and inlet water temperature, exit water temperature obtain the heat output of the two devices, are then serve as the electrical power of conventional instrument
Meter come direct measurement obtain heat pump compressor 32 electric current, voltage and the electrical power of input, further calculate obtain the present invention this
When heating efficiency COP.For the present invention, by simulating the big temperature difference high temperature heat pump system of isolated operation, it can simulate more than industry
Heat directly feeds the process of heat user after the thermal-arrest and efficient heat transfer of heat pump.
In the present invention, implement, in order to measure the circulating water flow of evaporator with heat pump 31 and heat pump condenser 33,
It can be provided for measuring circulating water flow on the circulating water line that connection evaporator with heat pump 31 and heat pump condenser 33 are imported and exported
The liquid turbine flowmeter of amount sets temperature sensor (such as thermal resistance respectively to realize on the tube wall for importing and exporting water pipe
Pt100), the import and export water temperature of evaporator with heat pump 31 and heat pump condenser 33 can be measured.
It should be noted that because evaporator with heat pump 31, heat pump condenser 33 are heat exchanger, therefore, recirculated water and work
Release, the heat absorbed, specific meter when heat output between matter is recirculated water turnover evaporator with heat pump 31, heat pump condenser 33
Calculate formula as follows：
Q=mCp·(tc-tj)；
Wherein, Q is the flow kg/s, C of recirculated water for the heat exchange amount kW, m between working medium and recirculated waterpFor the constant volume ratio of water
Hot 4.187kJ/kg DEG C, tcAnd tjThe respectively outlet of evaporator with heat pump 31 or heat pump condenser 33, inlet water temperature.
Implement, for the heat pump provided in the present invention, can calculate and obtain its heating, be specially：
The heating efficiency COP=Q of the heat pumpc/ P, wherein QcFor the thermal discharge of heat pump condenser 33；P is defeated for heat pump compressor 32
Enter power.
In order to which the heat pump being more clearly understood from the present invention, the present invention carries out the detailed process of inverse Carnot cycle
For：The liquid refrigerant (such as freon) of low-temp low-pressure, first in evaporator with heat pump 31 from low-temperature heat source (in constant temperature water tank 1
Hot water) absorb heat and be gasificated into low-pressure steam.Then the low pressure working fluid steam is compressed into HTHP in heat pump compressor 32
Steam, then proceed in heat pump condenser 33, the Working medium gas of the HTHP is cooled in heat pump condenser 33
Condense into highly pressurised liquid (in this system of the invention be by the originally water cooling from outside cold water source 100 shown in Fig. 1,
The circulating water being either connected with the low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator 61 in low-temperature generating system.Again through restricting element (hair
Tubule, heating power expansion valve, electric expansion valve etc.) working medium that throttles into low-temp low-pressure liquid returned in evaporator with heat pump 31.So
Complete an inverse Carnot cycle.
It should be noted that for the heat pump of the present invention, the heat pump is exactly to realize height by inverse Carnot cycle
The thermal-arrest and heat transfer of effect, to input a small amount of senior electric energy as cost, realize that heat turns from low temperature environment to hot environment
Move, directly feed heat user after low-grade energy upgrading and use.For the present invention, detected by specific experimental debugging, the heat
Pump evaporator 31 can extract heat from 40~60 DEG C of Low Temperature Thermal (such as constant temperature water tank 1), by the upgrading of heat pump compressor 32,
It can be obtained at heat pump condenser 33 and be not less than 110 DEG C of hot water, after testing, the heating efficiency COP values of the heat pump are not
Less than 3, high-temperature water at this temperature can supply the heat users such as heating air conditioning or domestic hot-water reliably, well.
2nd, low-temperature electricity-generating pattern.I.e. the present invention is used as low-temperature generating system.Cut off heat pump and constant temperature water tank 1
Between connection, water is conveyed to low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator 61 by constant temperature water tank 1 by second circulation water pump 5, so that low-temperature electricity-generating
Heat in the extract water of evaporator 61, i.e., absorb heat from constant temperature water tank 1.In organic Rankine bottoming cycle, in low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator 61
Become the gas with certain pressure and temperature into the expansion work of expanding machine 62 after the working medium heat absorption of cryogenic high pressure, drive and generate electricity
The cutting magnetic line of machine 65 does work and generated electricity.The electric energy obtained that generates electricity can be supplied to user to use, and be consumed by user.Expanding machine
62 generate electricity after export working medium to low-temperature electricity-generating condenser 63, the working medium in low-temperature electricity-generating condenser 63 will be put by circulating water
Heat, condenses into liquid so that the circulating water temperature for flowing through low-temperature electricity-generating condenser 63 rises, and now working medium is in low-temperature electricity-generating working medium
Low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator 61 is returned under the driving of pump 64, organic Rankine bottoming cycle is so constantly realized.Water after temperature rises passes through
Pipeline and the circulation under the driving of the 3rd water circulating pump 7, thermostatted water is brought back to by the liberated heat of low-temperature electricity-generating condenser 63
In case 1.Therefore, after the system run all right of the present invention, because the portion of energy in constant temperature water tank 1 has been used for low-temperature electricity-generating system
System is generated electricity, in order to maintain water temperature in preset temperature range, it is necessary to be deposited to the constant temperature water tank 1 by resistive heater
Water is heated, i.e., carry out concurrent heating to constant temperature water tank 1.
It should be noted that the heat exchange amount of the two devices of low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator 61 and low-temperature electricity-generating condenser 63 can be with
Obtained by respective inlet water temperature, exit water temperature and circulating water flow, in low-temperature generating system the generated energy of generator 65 and
The input power of low-temperature electricity-generating working medium pump 64 is measured that (electrodymamometer can be with direct measurement by the electrodymamometer as conventional instrument
Obtain electric current, the electric current of voltage and the electrical power of output and generator 65, voltage and the generating of low-temperature electricity-generating working medium pump 64
Amount), it thus can further calculate the generating efficiency for obtaining low-temperature generating system.For the present invention, by simulating isolated operation
Low-temperature generating system, can simulate to be directly used in low-temperature electricity-generating and supply electricity to user 80~100 DEG C of waste heat and use.
In the present invention, implement, in order to measure following for low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator 61 and low-temperature electricity-generating condenser 63
Ring water-carrying capacity, can be set on the circulating water line that connection low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator 61 and low-temperature electricity-generating condenser 63 are imported and exported
Realized for measuring the liquid turbine flowmeter of circulating water flow, and set temperature to pass respectively on water pipe tube wall is imported and exported
Sensor (such as thermal resistance Pt100), can measure the import and export water temperature of low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator 61 and low-temperature electricity-generating condenser 63.
It should be noted that because low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator 61, low-temperature electricity-generating condenser 63 are heat exchanger, recirculated water with
Release, absorption when heat output between working medium is recirculated water turnover low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator 61, low-temperature electricity-generating condenser 63
Heat, specific formula for calculation is as follows：
Q=mCp (tc-tj)；
Wherein, Q is the flow kg/s, C of recirculated water for the heat exchange amount kW, M between working medium and recirculated waterpFor the constant volume ratio of water
Hot 4.187kJ/kg DEG C, tcAnd tjIt is outlet, the inlet water temperature of low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator or low-temperature electricity-generating condenser respectively.
In the present invention, for the low-temperature generating system, it has generating efficiency η=W/Qe, wherein, QcSent out for low temperature
The caloric receptivity of electrical evaporator 61；W is the output electricity of generator 65.
For the organic Rankine bottoming cycle that the low-temperature generating system being more clearly understood from the present invention, the present invention is carried out, need
It is further described below：
It is the thermophysical property evaporated using liquid organic working medium low boiling that organic Rankine bottoming cycle, which generates electricity, is steamed through low-temperature electricity-generating
Send out device 61 to exchange heat with low-temperature heat source (hot water in such as constant temperature water tank 1), be evaporated to the working substance steam of saturation or overheat, promote swollen
Swollen machine 62 is done work, and the low grade heat energy of carrying is converted into mechanical energy, and electric energy is further converted to by generator 65.After expansion
Exhaust steam, which enters in low-temperature electricity-generating condenser 63, is condensed into saturated liquid, and low temperature hair is entered back into after being pressurizeed through low-temperature electricity-generating working medium pump 64
In electrical evaporator 61, so as to complete an organic Rankine bottoming cycle.
It should be noted that for the present invention, its low-temperature generating system having effectively forms organic Rankine bottoming cycle, lead to
The phase transformation that organic Rankine bottoming cycle utilizes working medium is crossed, realizes that heat energy is converted into mechanical energy and is further converted to electric energy, low temperature is completed
The recycling of heat.For the present invention, detected by specific experimental debugging, low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator 61 can be from 85~95 DEG C
Heat is extracted in Low Temperature Thermal (such as constant temperature water tank 1), by the acting of expanding machine 62, the electricity that generator 65 is sent can supply electricity
User, the generating efficiency of whole low-temperature generating system should be not less than 7%.
3rd, high temperature heat pump and low-temperature electricity-generating combined operation approach.I.e. the present invention is used as high temperature heat pump system and low temperature simultaneously
Electricity generation system is used.
First circulation water pump 2 is conveyed to evaporator with heat pump 31 after the water in constant temperature water tank 1 is extracted, and evaporator with heat pump 31 is inhaled
Receive the working medium in the heat in water, evaporator with heat pump 31 after absorption heat and pass through heat pump cycle, carried by heat pump compressor 32
After matter heating, working medium flows through at heat pump condenser 33 and carries out condensation heat release.
In view of fluid reservoir 4, second circulation water pump 5 connect the heat pump condenser 33 and low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator 61, and
The heat pump condenser 33 and low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator 61 form closed cycle pipeline between the two, so as to flow through heat pump condenser
The heat that 33 recirculated water will send heat pump condenser 33, low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator 61, low temperature are conveyed to by circulation line
Working medium in generating evaporator 61 will promote expanding machine 62 after evaporation endothermic by organic Rankine bottoming cycle, be driven by expanding machine 62
Generator 65 does work and generated electricity, the working medium condensation heat release in low-temperature electricity-generating condenser 63 so that flow through low-temperature electricity-generating condenser 63
Water be circulated back to after heating under the driving of the 3rd water circulating pump 7 in constant temperature water tank 1.
It should be noted that any one heat exchanger (such as low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator 61, low-temperature electricity-generating condenser 63, heat
Pump evaporator 31 and heat pump condenser 33) it can calculate and obtain by circulating water flow and inlet water temperature, the exit water temperature measured
Input power, the equal available electrical power of generated energy of heat exchange amount, heat pump compressor and low-temperature electricity-generating working medium pump are measured, so as to obtain
Obtain the runnability under cooperation.
Under cooperation operating mode, constant temperature water tank can be inhaled for simulation low-temperature heat source, heat pump from constant temperature water tank
Heat is conveyed to low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator 61 by heat and upgrading, heat pump condenser 33 through recirculated water, high for its heat absorption generation high temperature
The steam of pressure promotes expanding machine 62 to do work, and expanding machine 62 drives the cutting magnetic line of generator 65 and sends electric energy, while low temperature
Condensation heat is discharged into cooling water by generating condenser 63.Constant temperature water tank can be using analog temperature scope as 40~95 DEG C of Low Temperature Thermal
Source, heat pump takes heat from Low Temperature Thermal, and the upgrading through heat pump can heat up up to more than 45 DEG C, and wherein heat pump condenser 33 goes out
The water temperature of mouth can reach 85-135 DEG C, and recirculated water evaporates the condensation heat feeding low-temperature electricity-generating of heat pump condenser in heat pump 33
In device 61, absorbed heat for low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator 61, and then promote the expansion work of expanding machine 62 and be further driven to generator 65 and send out
Electricity, the generating efficiency of generator 65 is not less than 7%, during cooperation, and the heating efficiency COP of heat pump should be not less than 3.The reality
The pattern of check system cooperation, available for the seasonality consumption supplied after heat pump upgrading, such as heat user is heating user, non-
Heating Season is unable to consumption of calorie, and the system of cooperation can be by Low Temperature Thermal through heat pump in Heating Season heat pump heating, non-heating season
Further generated electricity after upgrading, overcome the limitation of heat user use time, while waste heat is converted into electric energy, can extend one's service scope,
It is real and electric energy can be extended to electric user from heat user, the time of user and the limitation of condition are overcome completely with long-distance sand transport
The comprehensive utilization of existing low temperature exhaust heat, basic technology is provided for the popularization and application of Low Temperature Thermal.
Understand in summary, for the present invention, it has three kinds of methods of operation, can simulate perseverance by constant temperature water tank 1
Surely the industrial low-temperature waste heat exported, so that when running into utilization of the heat user to waste heat and being limited by time and use condition,
Industrial exhaust heat can be comprehensively utilized using which, all electric users of the grid-connected supply of mode for changing into electric energy use.
It should be noted that a kind of low temperature exhaust heat comprehensive reutilization experimental system provided for the present invention, in system
During operation, evaporator with heat pump absorbs heat from constant temperature water tank, and working medium lifts grade by inverse Carnot cycle in heat pump, in heat
The heat release of pump condenser side needs the space (heat user simulated) of heat supply for user or used for low-temperature generating system.
Meanwhile, the cryogenic vaporizer side in low-temperature generating system is generated electricity from heat pump condenser heat absorption；Low-temperature electricity-generating is cold
The delayed heat of condenser side is recycled in constant temperature water tank by cooling water system, to reach energy-conservation purpose；In order to avoid constant temperature water tank
Interior accumulation of heat causes temperature too high, and waste heat cooling of running water cooling coil 11 in constant temperature water tank is consumed.
Compared with prior art, a kind of low temperature exhaust heat comprehensive reutilization experimental system for providing of the present invention, with
Under technique effect：
1st, the present invention can simulate the heat pump of the big temperature difference, low temperature exhaust heat can be promoted into higher quality, directly fed
The heat users such as heating, air-conditioning, hot water for life and industrial heat are used；
2nd, the present invention can simulate the cooperation of low-temperature generating system and the heat pump of the big temperature difference, can pass through low temperature exhaust heat
After heat pump upgrading, export and generated electricity to low-temperature generating system, electric energy is high-grade energy flexible and convenient to use, can at any time with
Ground supplies all electric users, can effectively break away from such as heating air-conditioner, domestic hot-water and industrial heat to time and the limit in region
System；
3rd, the present invention can (i.e. heat pump condenser and low-temperature electricity-generating be cold by condensation side in low-temperature generating system and heat pump
Condenser side) after-heat be recycled to by cooling water system in constant temperature water tank, can substantially reduce and waste heat is simulated in experimentation
Constant temperature water tank in heating amount, saved experiment electricity consumption.
4th, the present invention can pass through data with isolated operation heat pump, low-temperature generating system and both cooperations
The flow and the temperature difference that acquisition system obtains heating agent further calculate the heating efficiency COP values and low-temperature generating system of heat pump
Generating efficiency, completes the performance test to heat pump, low-temperature generating system and cooperation；
5th, electrical heating and water cooling of the present invention by using water tank, can simulate the industrial exhaust heat in the range of 40~95 DEG C,
In this, as the heat of evaporation source of heat pump and low-temperature electricity-generating, low-grade waste heat can be warming up to by the heat pump of the big temperature difference
130 DEG C directly feed heat user (such as user needs the space of heat supply) and use, or are converted into convenient, flexible electric energy and are integrated
Utilize, overcome heat user to the limitation with hot time and region.
In summary, compared with prior art, a kind of low temperature exhaust heat comprehensive reutilization experiment system that the present invention is provided
System, it can effectively take heat from low temperature exhaust heat, improve waste heat quality, it is to avoid by time and use condition when using waste heat
Limitation, effectively improve the utilization ratio to low temperature exhaust heat, be conducive to the popularization of the low temperature new energy such as solar energy, geothermal energy general
And, it is that new energy and industrial waste heat expansion provide application foundation technology using region and extension use time.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of low temperature exhaust heat comprehensive reutilization experimental system, it is characterised in that including constant temperature water tank (1), the thermostatted water
Case (1) is connected with first circulation water pump (2), second circulation water pump (5) respectively；
The constant temperature water tank (1) is used to heating and storing the water in preset temperature range；
The first circulation water pump (2) is connected with a heat pump, and the heat pump is used to absorb the first circulation
The heat of constant temperature water tank (1) reclaimed water that water pump (2) conveying comes, and to outer quantity of heat given up after heating treatment is done；
The second circulation water pump (5) is connected with the heat pump and a low-temperature generating system respectively, described low
Warm electricity generation system is used to absorb the heat of constant temperature water tank (1) reclaimed water by the second circulation water pump (5) or absorbs described
The heat that heat pump is outwards exported, is then generated electricity, and the electric energy for the acquisition that generates electricity is exported and used to user.
2. low temperature exhaust heat comprehensive reutilization experimental system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the heat pump bag
Evaporator with heat pump (31), heat pump compressor (32) and heat pump condenser (33) are included, evaporator with heat pump (31) the right-hand member top
Sender property outlet is connected with the working medium entrances of the heat pump compressor (32) left end, the working medium of heat pump compressor (32) right-hand member
Outlet is connected with the working medium entrances of the heat pump condenser (33) left upper part, heat pump condenser (33) the left end bottom
Sender property outlet is connected through restricting element with the working medium entrances of the evaporator with heat pump (31) right-hand member bottom；
The second circulation water pump (5) passes through heat pump condenser (33) bottom in a fluid reservoir (4) and the heat pump
Circulating water outlet be connected, the circulation water inlet at the top of the heat pump condenser (33) is connected with the constant temperature water tank (1)；
The circulation water inlet of evaporator with heat pump (31) bottom is connected with the first circulation water pump (2), and the heat pump steams
Circulating water outlet at the top of hair device (31) is connected with the constant temperature water tank (1).
3. low temperature exhaust heat comprehensive reutilization experimental system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the low temperature hair
Electric system includes low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator (61), expanding machine (62), low-temperature electricity-generating condenser (63), low-temperature electricity-generating working medium pump (64)
With generator (65)；
Wherein, the circulation water inlet of low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator (61) bottom is connected with the second circulation water pump (5), institute
State the circulating water outlet at the top of low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator (61) with the constant temperature water tank (1) to be connected, the heat pump condenser
(33) the circulation water inlet at the top of is connected with the constant temperature water tank (1), and the recirculated water of heat pump condenser (33) bottom goes out
Mouth is connected by the 3rd water circulating pump (7) with the constant temperature water tank (1)；
The working medium entrances phase of the sender property outlet and the expanding machine (62) left end on low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator (61) the right-hand member top
Connection, the sender property outlet of expanding machine (62) right-hand member and the working medium entrances phase of low-temperature electricity-generating condenser (63) left upper part
Connection, the work of the sender property outlet of low-temperature electricity-generating condenser (63) the left end bottom and low-temperature electricity-generating working medium pump (64) right-hand member
Matter entrance is connected, the sender property outlet of low-temperature electricity-generating working medium pump (64) left end and low-temperature electricity-generating evaporator (61) right-hand member
The working medium entrances of bottom are connected；
The expanding machine (62) is connected with the generator (65).
4. low temperature exhaust heat comprehensive reutilization experimental system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that the generator (65)
It is connected with default any one or multiple electrical equipments, for providing work electricity consumption for the electrical equipment.
5. low temperature exhaust heat comprehensive reutilization experimental system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that the low-temperature electricity-generating is cold
The circulating water outlet of condenser (63) bottom is connected with the 3rd water circulating pump (7), low-temperature electricity-generating condenser (63) top
The circulation water inlet in portion is connected with the constant temperature water tank (1).
6. the low temperature exhaust heat comprehensive reutilization experimental system as any one of claim 1 to 5, it is characterised in that institute
State constant temperature water tank (1) top with an outside cold water source (100) to be connected, constant temperature water tank (1) bottom and an outside
Water storing vessel (200) is connected.
7. low temperature exhaust heat comprehensive reutilization experimental system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the constant temperature water tank
(1) the running water cooling coil (11) of bending, the running water cooling coil (11) and the outside cold water source are provided with
It is connected.
8. the low temperature exhaust heat comprehensive reutilization experimental system as any one of claim 1 to 5, it is characterised in that institute
State and be also equipped with resistive heater on constant temperature water tank (1).
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| CN107255066A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2017-10-17 | 门立山 | The temperature difference power engine that a kind of heat pump is heated |
| CN108338582A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-07-31 | 张伯济 | Phase-change accumulation energy bedding system |
| CN109724822A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-05-07 | 天津商业大学 | A kind of moderate and high temperature heat property test platform |
| CN110187272A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-30 | 深圳大学 | A kind of electric power self-circulation system of simulation geothermal power generation plant test |
| CN111610042A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-09-01 | 合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 | Performance test system of high-parameter monatomic working medium equipment |
| CN111810268A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-10-23 | 四川大学 | Hot end constant temperature heat conduction type waste heat power generation device |
| CN112780362A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-11 | 国网黑龙江省电力有限公司供电服务中心 | Low-temperature environment electric energy efficient utilization system and method based on power supply hierarchical control |
| CN112842073A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-05-28 | 广东美的生活电器制造有限公司 | Liquid heating appliance, control method and device thereof, and readable storage medium |
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