CN106961895A - A kind of shedding mechanism and its application method for transplanting crop - Google Patents

A kind of shedding mechanism and its application method for transplanting crop Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106961895A
CN106961895A CN201710223956.1A CN201710223956A CN106961895A CN 106961895 A CN106961895 A CN 106961895A CN 201710223956 A CN201710223956 A CN 201710223956A CN 106961895 A CN106961895 A CN 106961895A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
seedling
transplanting
shedding mechanism
table top
controller
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Pending
Application number
CN201710223956.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘唐兴
梁勇
刘岳开
白长城
陶甲寅
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Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic
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Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic
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Application filed by Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic filed Critical Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic
Priority to CN201710223956.1A priority Critical patent/CN106961895A/en
Publication of CN106961895A publication Critical patent/CN106961895A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C11/00Transplanting machines
    • A01C11/02Transplanting machines for seedlings
    • A01C11/025Transplanting machines using seedling trays; Devices for removing the seedlings from the trays
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/02Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Transplanting Machines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of shedding mechanism and its application method for transplanting crop, the shedding mechanism by discharging platform, push away seedling system and water injection system is constituted;Displacement component, which is set, includes programmable controller, stepper motor, gear and worm screw, worm screw is arranged on the table top between track, worm screw is connected by gear with carrier, and gear is connected control by the stepper motor for being arranged on the programmable controller of carrier bottom and being connected with programmable controller;Push away seedling system and water injection system is arranged in the supporting and mounting bracket on table top, the present invention realizes small lot rice shoot during crop is transplanted(Crop seedling)Automatic seedling separation, the automatic Automatic Charging Device planted into soil, have the advantages that substantially to reduce labor intensity, transplanting efficiency is high, seedling percent is high.

Description

A kind of shedding mechanism and its application method for transplanting crop
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural machinery equipment technical field, and in particular to a kind of shedding mechanism of transplanting crop and its uses Method.
Background technology
At present, more than 60% dependence on import of China's edible oil consumption, rapeseed area and per unit area yield fluctuate, and edible oil is certainly Also on a declining curve to rate, national edible oil supply security hidden danger day is aobvious to be protruded.Causing the main cause of case above has three Aspect:One is that the oil content and yield of China's rape needs further raising;Two be Rape-seed production mechanization degree it is low;Three are Early maturity rape variety and production technology lack.Current Yangtze river basin rape main producing region Mechanical direct sowing is received technology popularity rate with machine and connect Nearly 50%, but culturing and transplanting seedlings mechanization degree less than 10%, labor cost accounts for production cost nearly 50%, adds in means of agricultural production cost Rise, while income from working outside is significantly greater than kind of a ground income, therefore, the Rape-seed production situation in Yangtze river basin farmland is troubling.
According to the statistics of Minister Agriculture of China in 2013, single culturing and transplanting seedlings with regard to Yangtze river basin rape dominant area with it is live Area be respectively 1,820,000 hectares and 192.5 ten thousand hectares or so, culturing and transplanting seedlings and live area are about the same, southern china Double cropping of rice area, Rice-rape rotation still have within considerable time larger area because before the winter farming season it is not enough can not be using mechanical It is live, it is necessary to carry out culturing and transplanting seedlings.Meanwhile, because the planting density of rape is larger, handwork transplant rape labor intensity is big, efficiency Low, 1 strong labour power's average transplants 0.8 mu or so daily, thus cause many peasants abandon " rice-rice-oil ", " paddy rice- Rape " cropping pattern, Winter paddy field area is larger, and national year grain and oil yield is affected greatly, is also unfavorable for the stabilization of soil fertility With raising.Therefore, exploitation high efficiency, the rape nursery of low cost and transplanting new method, are to carry out the crop scale kinds such as rape Plant an arduousness and great task.
The main transplanting machine of current Rape-seed production has following several:
1. clamp type transplanter:The machine is divided into two kinds of types of disk clamp type and chain-clip type, and its operation principle is essentially identical, different Point is that the slew gear of disk clamp type transplanter is rotating disk, and the slew gear of chain-clip type transplanter is installed in sprocket wheel On chain.During this transplanter work, by manually rice shoot is placed on clamp, rice shoot makees circumference fortune with disk or chain It is dynamic, when move to rice shoot it is perpendicular to the ground when, seedling folder is opened, and rice shoot falls into kind of a planting ditch by gravity, completes to throw seedling, throwing after seedling is leaned on Naturally return soil fixed, be then compacted by densification wheel.
2. flexible disk formula transplanter:The machine is clamped rice shoot by two panels flexible disk, when transplanter works, manually by seedling Seedling is placed on disk and opens place, and when disk goes to accumulation, rice shoot is clamped, when being opened to disk, and rice shoot falls into kind of a planting ditch, by town Complete to transplant after pinch roller earthing.
3. hanging basket type transplanter:The planting mechanism of the machine is connected on eccentric disc by hanging basket or barrel-shaped planting apparatus and constituted. Rice shoot manually is placed during highest order at hanging basket, at hanging basket during lowest order, rice shoot is fallen into kind of a planting ditch by apparatus control, with Earthing is carried out afterwards to fix.
4. belt transplanter:The machine includes setting several seedlings on seedling disk frame, the frame for carrying seedling disk frame, seedling disk frame The wheel advanced is provided for below disk, frame, the leading section positioned at the frame of wheel direction of advance is set successively from front to back Plough, flat ditch device are put, the rearward end positioned at the frame of wheel direction of advance sets gradually coverer, press wheel from front to back; The first belt wheel, the second belt wheel, the 3rd are set respectively from back to front along the direction of advance of wheel in the frame below seedling disk frame The lower section of belt wheel connects the 4th belt wheel, and the first conveyer belt of some groups of parallel arrangements is set between the first belt wheel and the second belt wheel, The second conveyer belt is set between 3rd belt wheel and the 4th belt wheel, the end close to the first conveyer belt of the second belt wheel connects several Circle rotating disk.
5. seedling guiding tubular transplanting machine:The machine is applied to potted-seedling transplanting, and it includes frame, hangs draw-gear, furrowing blade, rises Ridge device, side wheel device and suppressing wheel device, it is characterised in that:A storage seedling cylinder, institute are provided with above the suppressing wheel device The outlet front lower place for stating storage seedling cylinder is provided with hello a seedling device rotating disk, and the seedling device rotating disk of feeding connects the suppression by gear drive Driving wheel on wheel apparatus;If the seedling device rotating disk of feeding has been provided at circumferentially spaced dry feeding seedling device, outlet, hello seedling just to storage seedling cylinder Seedling cylinder is provided with below device, the exit of the lower seedling cylinder is provided with device of putting a lodged plant upright;Each seedling device of feeding is in circular cone Build, back cut diameter is big, and lower port diameter is small, and each lower tilt for feeding seedling device is provided with the otch of an ellipse.
The common defects of above transplanting machine are:In the operation sequence of transplanting, it is required to manually feed seedling, transplants machine only Solve rice shoot(Pot seedling)The problem of planting into soil, labor intensity is big;And can only be with individual plant(Single alms bowl)Transplanted, moved for unit Plant efficiency still relatively low.Its specific defect is:The clamp of clamp type transplanter easily hinders seedling, easily causes leakage seedling;Flexible disk formula It is uneven that transplanter easily causes spacing in the rows;Hanging basket type transplanter realizes artificial placement rice shoot at hanging basket during highest order, fed to artificial The rhythm and labor intensity of seedling require larger;The exploitation speed of belt transplanter is improved, but feeds the rhythm of seedling artificial difficult grasp, Cause reliability poor;Although seedling guiding tubular transplanting machine no seedling injury, complicated in mechanical structure, cost is high.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of shedding mechanism and its application method for transplanting crop, moved with solving part at present During cultivation, there is manually hello seedling causes labor intensity big, and transplanting is carried out in units of individual plant or single nutritive cube to be caused to transplant The problem of efficiency is low.
The present invention be achieved in that it is a kind of transplant crop shedding mechanism by discharging platform, push away seedling system and water spray be System composition;The discharging platform includes table top, carrier, driven pulley, track and displacement component, is provided with the table top identical The blanking port at interval, the carrier is located above table top and bottom passes through some driven pulleys and the rail on table top both sides Road is connected, and the displacement component, which is set, includes programmable controller, stepper motor, gear and worm screw, and the worm screw is arranged on On table top between track, worm screw is connected by gear with carrier, and the gear is by being arranged on compiling for carrier bottom Range controller and the stepper motor being connected with programmable controller are connected control;It is described to push away seedling system and water injection system setting In the supporting and mounting bracket on table top, push away seedling system including driver, connecting rod, seedling-pushing rack, seedling-pushing rod, it is described above and below Driver is arranged in supporting and mounting bracket, and driver lower end drive connection has connecting rod up and down, and the connecting rod is connected with turn Seedling-pushing rack and seedling-pushing rod, the seedling-pushing rod are separately positioned on the two ends of seedling-pushing rack, are located at when moving downward in blanking port;The spray Water system includes water spray controller, water pipe and Shower tap, and the water spray controller is arranged in supporting and mounting bracket, and water pipe passes through Water spray controller is connected with Shower tap, and Shower tap is arranged on seedling-pushing rod.
Further, the driver up and down is made up of hydraulic drive controller, hydraulic driver and movable catch bar, institute Hydraulic drive controller is stated in supporting and mounting bracket, and is connected with hydraulic driver, the hydraulic driver is inverted in In supporting and mounting bracket, and control activity catch bar is moved up and down, and the connecting rod is connected on movable catch bar.
Further, the both sides of the carrier are provided with location-plate, and the location-plate is bolted and adjusted.
Further, be provided with four blanking ports on the table top, the vertical range on the blanking port and ground for ten to 20 centimetres, the seedling system and water injection system of pushing away is four.
Further, the seed plate of matching table top and blanking port is placed with the carrier, the seed plate is by plate rail and is in The planting groove composition of strip, the planting groove upper shed is less than under shed, and lower mouth is slightly smaller than in blanking port, planting groove and passes through mud Straw rope kind is implanted with seedling body.
Further, the Shower tap is arranged on the centimeters of seedling body oblique upper four to eight, Shower tap be provided with four to Six.
Further, the planting groove is ten to 15, and the seedling body in planting groove is at intervals of four to ten centimetres.
Further, the table top is metal decking, and the seed plate is plastic seeding culturing floppy disk.
A kind of application method for the shedding mechanism for transplanting crop, is carried out according to the following steps:
1. the seed plate that will be equipped with mud straw rope seedling band is placed on carrier, is adjusted location-plate, is made the first planting groove and platform of seed plate The blanking port alignment in face is placed in the middle;
2. startup power supply is switched, and programmable controller, hydraulic drive controller, water spray controller is powered and is started working;
3. after this has been transplanted, original place is stopped 1 minute or so, is changed after seed plate to be planted, startup power supply switch and is started next Disk transplanting work.
Further, the transplanting speed of travel of the shedding mechanism is controlled at 600 meters to 700 meters per hour.
The operation principle of shedding mechanism is:
The displacement component being made up of programmable controller, stepper motor, gear and worm screw promotes and is placed with four seed plates(Nursery is soft Disk)Carrier batch (-type) move forward a slot pitch, about one second, when seed plate the first planting groove by Shower tap correspondence position When putting, receive spray about one second, moisten planting groove;Seedling-pushing rod directly over subsequent first planting groove first descends to restore afterwards, enters Row once pushes away seedling, and about two seconds, the seedling-pushing rod within this period directly over blanking port downwards, will be planted in hydraulic-driven Mud straw rope seedling band in groove is pushed downwardly into kind of planting ditch entirely through blanking port, while seedling-pushing rod is immediately back up into original position; So work repeatedly, four seed plates are completed immediately(Soft seedling culture disc)The transplanting of interior whole crop seedlings.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the rectangle that a kind of mud straw rope seedling band falls directly into kind of planting ditch in mesa designs falls seedling mouthful, in strictly control mud grass Seedling restrict with landing distance(15 cms)In the case of, the transport of belt or other modes is reduced, transplanting effect is improved Rate.
2. the movement rhythm transplanted using controls such as programmable controller, hydraulic drive controller, water spray controllers, is improved The precision of machine is transplanted, transplanting quality is significantly improved.Reduce the contact and possible caused seedling damage to seedling.
3. devising seedling-pushing rod, seedling-pushing rod promotes the contact point of mud straw rope seedling band, is the spacing in the rows between the Brassica campestris L seedling of two ends, The thrust of self gravitation and seedling-pushing rod plus mud straw rope seedling band, makes mud straw rope seedling band leave floppy disk, falls into kind of a planting ditch, subtract The damage to seedling in transplanting link is lacked.
4. Shower tap is sprayed water, help into seedling and leave seed plate, reduce the frictional force between seed plate and seedling band, increase mud grass Seedling restrict with the inertia fallen, the link of watering of seedling replanting has been saved.
5. during the present apparatus transplants crop, realize that the automatic seedling separation of small lot rice shoot, automatic plant are unloaded into the automatic of soil Expect mechanism, i.e., transplant 4 rows simultaneously, per hour can about 14500 plants or so of transplanting rape seedling, the existing transplanting machine of contrast, transplanting Efficiency improves more than 2 times;Have the advantages that substantially to reduce labor intensity, transplanting efficiency is high, transplanting survival rate is high.Reduce transplanting The labor intensity of operator, operator typically only needs to change soft seedling culture disc on schedule, thoroughly solves existing transplanting workman's " feeding seedling work ".
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the side amplification of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation for the front amplification for pushing away seedling system;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of seed plate.
In accompanying drawing:11st, plate rail, 12, planting groove, 13, seedling body, 21, table top, 211, blanking port, 212, track, 213, driven Wheel, 221, programmable controller, 222, stepper motor, 223, gear, 224, worm screw, 23, location-plate, 231, bolt, 3, support Fixed mount, 311, connecting rod, 312, seedling-pushing rack, 313, seedling-pushing rod, 32, hydraulic drive controller, 321, hydraulic driver, 322, Movable catch bar, 331, water spray controller, 332, water pipe, 333, Shower tap.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail with reference to embodiment:
As Figure 1-Figure 4, a kind of shedding mechanism for transplanting crop, by discharging platform, pushes away seedling system and water injection system is constituted;Unload Expect that platform includes being provided with same intervals on table top 21, carrier 22, driven pulley 213, track 212 and displacement component, table top 21 Blanking port 211, carrier 22 be located at the top of table top 21 and bottom by some driven pulleys 213 with the both sides of table top 21 Track 212 be connected, displacement component set include programmable controller 221, stepper motor 222, gear 223 and worm screw 224, Worm screw 224 is arranged on the table top 21 between track 212, and worm screw 224 is connected by gear 223 with carrier 22, gear 223 By the stepper motor 222 for being arranged on the programmable controller 221 of the bottom of carrier 22 and being connected with programmable controller 221 Connection control;Push away seedling system and water injection system is arranged in the supporting and mounting bracket 3 on table top 21, pushing away seedling system includes liquid Pressure promotes controller 32, hydraulic driver 321, movable catch bar 322, connecting rod 311, seedling-pushing rack 312, seedling-pushing rod 313, hydraulic pressure Promote controller 32 to be arranged in supporting and mounting bracket 3, and be connected with hydraulic driver 321, hydraulic driver 321 is inverted in branch Support on fixed mount 3, and control activity catch bar 322 moves up and down, connecting rod 311 is connected on movable catch bar 322.Connecting rod 311 are connected with seedling-pushing rack 312 and seedling-pushing rod 313 in turn, and seedling-pushing rod 313 is separately positioned on the two ends of seedling-pushing rack 312, moved downward When be located at blanking port 211 in;Water injection system includes water spray controller 331, water pipe 332 and Shower tap 333, controller of spraying water 331 are arranged in supporting and mounting bracket 3, and water pipe 332 is connected by controller 331 of spraying water with Shower tap 333, Shower tap 333 are arranged on top ten centimeters in the bottom of seedling-pushing rod 313.
Four blanking ports 211 are provided with table top 21, blanking port 211 and the vertical range on ground are 20 centimetres, push away seedling System and water injection system are four.The both sides of carrier 22 are provided with location-plate 23, and location-plate 23 is fixed and adjusted by bolt 231 Section.The seed plate of matching table top 21 and blanking port 211 is placed with carrier 22, seed plate is by plate rail 11 and in the planting groove 12 of strip Composition, the upper shed of planting groove 12 is less than under shed, and lower mouth is slightly less than in blanking port 211, planting groove 12 and planted by mud straw rope There is seedling body 13.
Shower tap 333 is arranged on the centimeters of 13 oblique upper of seedling body five, and Shower tap 333 is provided with five.Planting groove 12 For 12, the seedling body 13 in planting groove 12 is at intervals of five centimetres.Table top 21 is metal decking, and seed plate is plastic seeding culturing floppy disk.
The application method of shedding mechanism, is carried out according to the following steps:
1. the seed plate that will be equipped with mud straw rope seedling band is placed on carrier 22, and discharge four, is adjusted location-plate 23, is made carrier First planting groove 12 of the seed plate on 22 aligns between two parties with the blanking port 211 of table top 21;
2. startup power supply is switched, and programmable controller 221, hydraulic drive controller 32, water spray controller 331 is powered and is started work Make;
3. the transplanting speed of travel of shedding mechanism is controlled at 600 to 700 meters per hour, after this has been transplanted, and original place stops 1 point Clock or so, next disk transplanting work is started after changing seed plate to be planted, startup power supply switch again.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that come for one of ordinary skill in the art Say, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should When being considered as within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. it is a kind of transplant crop shedding mechanism, it is characterised in that a kind of shedding mechanism of transplanting crop by discharging platform, push away seedling System and water injection system composition;The discharging platform includes table top, carrier, driven pulley, track and displacement component, the table top On be provided with the blanking ports of same intervals, the carrier be located above table top and bottom by some driven pulleys with installed in platform Track on the both sides of face is connected, and the displacement component, which is set, includes programmable controller, stepper motor, gear and worm screw, institute State on the table top that worm screw is arranged between track, worm screw is connected by gear with carrier, the gear is by being arranged on carrying The programmable controller of frame bottom and the stepper motor being connected with programmable controller are connected control;It is described push away seedling system and Water injection system is arranged in the supporting and mounting bracket on table top, push away seedling system including driver, connecting rod, seedling-pushing rack, push away Seedling bar, the driver up and down is arranged in supporting and mounting bracket, and driver lower end drive connection has connecting rod, the connection up and down Bar is connected with seedling-pushing rack and seedling-pushing rod in turn, and the seedling-pushing rod is separately positioned on the two ends of seedling-pushing rack, is located to fall when moving downward In material mouth;The water injection system includes water spray controller, water pipe and Shower tap, and the water spray controller is arranged on support and fixed On frame, water pipe is connected by controller of spraying water with Shower tap, and Shower tap is arranged on seedling-pushing rod.
2. a kind of shedding mechanism for transplanting crop according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the driver up and down is by liquid Pressure promotes controller, hydraulic driver and movable catch bar composition, and the hydraulic drive controller is arranged in supporting and mounting bracket, And be connected with hydraulic driver, the hydraulic driver is inverted in supporting and mounting bracket, and is transported above and below control activity catch bar Dynamic, the connecting rod is connected on movable catch bar.
3. a kind of shedding mechanism for transplanting crop according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the both sides of the carrier are set Location-plate is equipped with, the location-plate is bolted and adjusted.
4. a kind of shedding mechanism for transplanting crop according to claim 2, it is characterised in that be provided with four on the table top The vertical range on individual blanking port, the blanking port and ground is ten to 20 centimetres, described to push away seedling system and water injection system is Four.
5. a kind of shedding mechanism for transplanting crop according to claim 2, it is characterised in that be placed with the carrier The seed plate of table top and blanking port is matched, the seed plate is constituted by plate rail and in the planting groove of strip, and the planting groove upper shed is small In under shed, and lower mouth is slightly smaller than in blanking port, planting groove and is implanted with seedling body by mud straw rope kind.
6. a kind of shedding mechanism for transplanting crop according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the Shower tap is arranged on The centimeters of seedling body oblique upper four to eight, Shower tap is provided with four to six.
7. a kind of shedding mechanism for transplanting crop according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the planting groove is ten to ten Five, the seedling body in planting groove is at intervals of four to ten centimetres.
8. a kind of shedding mechanism for transplanting crop according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the table top is metal covering Plate, the seed plate is plastic seeding culturing floppy disk.
9. the application method of a kind of shedding mechanism for transplanting crop according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by following step It is rapid to carry out:1. the seed plate that will be equipped with mud straw rope seedling band is placed on carrier, is adjusted location-plate, is made the planting groove and platform of seed plate The blanking port alignment in face is placed in the middle;2. startup power supply is switched, and leads to programmable controller, hydraulic drive controller, water spray controller Electricity is started working;3. after this has been transplanted, original place is stopped 1 minute or so, is changed after seed plate to be planted, startup power supply switch again Start next disk transplanting work.
10. the application method of a kind of shedding mechanism for transplanting crop according to claim 9, it is characterised in that described to unload Expect that the transplanting speed of travel of mechanism is controlled at 600 meters to 700 meters per hour.
CN201710223956.1A 2017-04-07 2017-04-07 A kind of shedding mechanism and its application method for transplanting crop Pending CN106961895A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN1559195A (en) * 2003-07-21 2005-01-05 Matrix transplanting method for plant and its equipment
CN101433140A (en) * 2008-11-05 2009-05-20 易齐圣 Mechanism for feeding vegetable seedlings through snake-coiling type full-automatic flexible disc stoup body
CN101595817A (en) * 2009-06-25 2009-12-09 陈钧 Paddy field operation system
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CN106258331A (en) * 2016-08-03 2017-01-04 安庆蓝珊瑚生态农业科技有限公司 A kind of automatically jasmine comprehensive cuttage robot
CN206658461U (en) * 2017-04-07 2017-11-24 湖南生物机电职业技术学院 A kind of shedding mechanism for transplanting crop

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