CN106957109B - Horizontal flow biomembrane reaction device with functions of slowly releasing alkalinity and carbon source - Google Patents
Horizontal flow biomembrane reaction device with functions of slowly releasing alkalinity and carbon source Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a horizontal flow biomembrane reaction device with functions of slowly releasing alkalinity and carbon source, which comprises a water collecting tank connected with urban and rural sewage sources, a water inlet tank communicated with the water collecting tank, a water inlet pump arranged between the water collecting tank and the water inlet tank, and a slowly releasing reaction unit communicated with the water inlet tank, wherein the slowly releasing reaction unit comprises a reactor supporting frame communicated with the water inlet tank, slowly releasing alkalinity flat plates and slowly releasing carbon source flat plates which are sequentially and horizontally arranged in the reactor supporting frame from top to bottom in turn, and a water outlet tank arranged at the bottom of the reactor supporting frame. Compared with the prior art, the device can alternately slowly release alkalinity and carbon sources, overcomes the defects of alkalinity shortage in the nitrification process, carbon source shortage in the denitrification process, difficulty in control of adding amount and the like, has a compact integral structure, is simple to operate and operate, can realize multistage nitrification and denitrification, can be applied to small sewage treatment plants in rural areas, cities and towns and the like, and has a good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of sewage treatment technology and equipment, relates to a horizontal flow biomembrane reaction device, and particularly relates to a horizontal flow biomembrane reaction device with functions of slowly releasing alkalinity and a carbon source.
Background
The village and town sewage has small yield, dispersed source, large fluctuation of water quality and water quantity, and high content of organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus in the sewage, thereby bringing great negative effects on the health of human beings and living environment. Although the traditional biological denitrification process activated sludge process has the advantages of large treatment capacity, high treatment efficiency and better denitrification and dephosphorization performance, the traditional biological denitrification process activated sludge process is not suitable for village and town sewage treatment, and the activated sludge process is usually carried out in two mutually isolated reactors or in the same reactor which causes alternate anoxic and aerobic environments in space or time, so that the occupied area is large, the construction cost is high and the sludge is difficult to treat.
The biological membrane technology is a sewage treatment method which is widely applied for a long time. When sewage flows through the biofilm carriers, microorganisms are firstly attached to the surfaces of the carriers and then continuously grow and reproduce on the surfaces of the carriers to form biofilms. The surface of the membrane is dissolved with more oxygen due to the contact with the air to form an aerobic biomembrane, and along with the continuous increase of the thickness of the biomembrane, the dissolved oxygen in the inner layer of the membrane is gradually reduced, so that an anaerobic layer is easily formed. The microorganism takes organic matters in the sewage as nutrients, so that the pollutants are degraded, meanwhile, the microorganism can carry out nitration reaction in an aerobic layer and denitrification in an anaerobic layer, and the denitrification effect is achieved.
Most of the traditional biofilm reactors are single-stage reactors, the structure is compact and simple, but the traditional biofilm reactors are not beneficial to the construction of the growth environments of various dominant microbial flora with different efficacies, and the treatment efficiency is low. The Horizontal Flow Biofilm Reactor (HFBR) is an integrated sewage treatment reactor for removing organic matters and ammonia nitrogen, and is novel economical, simple and convenient sewage treatment process equipment with small occupied area. Inside the HFBR system, the wastewater flows through each layer of carrier of the reactor by gravity. The reaction system is provided with a plurality of layers of biological membrane carrier flat plates, and each layer of flat plate grows with a biological membrane, so that the contact area of sewage and the biological membrane is increased, and the hydraulic retention time is prolonged; the reactor does not need an aeration device, and each layer of biological membrane can contact with air to carry out a reoxygenation process.
At present, the carbon supply effect of commonly used liquid carbon sources including methanol, ethanol and the like is good, but the cost and the operation cost are high and the adding amount is not easy to control, solid carbon sources are mostly natural materials such as sawdust, straw, cotton and the like, the release amount of the carbon sources is uncontrollable and is easy to cause secondary pollution, and polymers such as PHAs, PC L, P L A and the like synthesized by manpower or microorganisms are used as the carbon sources, so that the denitrification cost is high.
Currently, horizontal flow biofilm reactors and biofilm reactors that slow release carbon sources have emerged.
For example, chinese patent application publication No. 102432104a discloses a high-efficiency low-power multi-layer horizontal flow biofilm sewage treatment method and apparatus. The sewage treatment system has the advantages of multi-point water inlet and small occupied area, an aeration device is not needed, different types of microorganism growth areas such as an aerobic area and an anaerobic area can be formed by the sewage treatment system, the space condition is fully utilized, and the sewage load and the sewage treatment effect are improved to different degrees. But the whole denitrification efficiency is not high, and the alkalinity needs to be adjusted and a carbon source is added to improve the denitrification effect.
In addition, the Chinese patent with application publication No. 103043786A discloses a carbon source slow-release filter device with deep denitrification function and a process thereof, wherein the carbon source slow-release filter material can be made of materials which can be degraded by microorganisms, such as polycaprolactone (PC L), Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), PC L, blends of PHAs and starch, and the like.
Both the two patents are the biomembrane technology for treating sewage, and the denitrification and dephosphorization effects are realized. However, the former method needs additional alkalinity adjustment and carbon source addition, and the addition amount is not easy to control; the latter adopts slow-release carbon source raw materials which can supplement the insufficient carbon source during denitrification, but the alkalinity in the nitrification process can not be slowly released, the cost of the slow-release carbon source raw materials is high, the filter materials are easy to block, and compared with the former, the operation is complex, and the processes of back washing and the like are required to be added. The treatment of sewage in villages and towns has certain limitation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a horizontal flow biomembrane reaction device which can efficiently remove organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in water, has a strong effect of removing particulate matters, occupies a small space, is suitable for treating sewage in villages and towns and has the functions of slowly releasing alkalinity and a carbon source.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the device comprises a water collecting tank connected with urban and rural sewage sources, a water inlet tank communicated with the water collecting tank, a water inlet pump arranged between the water collecting tank and the water inlet tank, and a slow-release reaction unit communicated with the water inlet tank, wherein the slow-release reaction unit comprises a reactor supporting frame communicated with the water inlet tank, a slow-release alkalinity flat plate and a slow-release carbon source flat plate which are sequentially and alternately arranged in the reactor supporting frame from top to bottom, and a water outlet tank arranged at the bottom of the reactor supporting frame.
Flat-head carriers which are arranged in an array form are respectively arranged on the slow-release alkalinity flat plate and the slow-release carbon source flat plate, and baffles for controlling liquid level are respectively arranged on the slow-release alkalinity flat plate and the slow-release carbon source flat plate.
The liquid level depth on the slow-release carbon source flat plate is larger than the liquid level depth on the slow-release alkalinity flat plate.
And a flow meter is arranged between the water inlet tank and the reactor supporting frame.
The alkalinity slow-release tablet is uniformly coated with an alkalinity slow-release agent which is a mineral containing calcium carbonate.
The slow-release carbon source flat plate is uniformly coated with a composite carbon source slow-release agent.
The composite carbon source slow release agent is formed by combining a gel and a carbon source biomembrane carrier doped in the gel, and the mass ratio of the gel to the carbon source biomembrane carrier is 50: 1-2.
As a preferred technical scheme, the gelling agent is cement.
As a preferred technical scheme, the carbon source biomembrane carrier comprises one or more of polyhydroxyalkanoate, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, starch, latex powder or polyvinyl alcohol.
The carbon source biomembrane carrier is formed by mixing starch, polyvinyl alcohol and emulsion powder, wherein the mass ratio of the starch to the polyvinyl alcohol is 1:9, and the mass ratio of the starch to the emulsion powder is 2-4: 3-5.
The device is inoculated with activated sludge before use, and the specific steps are that nitrified sludge with the suspended solid concentration of 40-50L of 3000-5000 mg/L is inoculated for 12-15 hours, so that the nitrified sludge uniformly covers a slow-release alkalinity plate and a slow-release carbon source plate.
In the device, the slow-release alkalinity flat plates and the slow-release carbon source flat plates in the slow-release reaction unit are alternately arranged, so that the defects of alkalinity shortage in the nitrification process, carbon source shortage in the denitrification process, difficulty in controlling the adding amount and the like are overcome, and microorganisms mainly take nitrifying bacteria as main materials in the slow-release alkalinity flat plate layer; in the slow-release carbon source flat plate layer, the microorganisms mainly comprise denitrifying bacteria; meanwhile, the liquid level is adjusted by arranging a baffle for controlling the liquid level, and the water level on the slow-release alkalinity flat plate is shallow, so that the nitrification function is mainly realized; the water level on the slow-release carbon source flat plate is deep, and the denitrification function is mainly realized, so that the multi-stage nitrification and denitrification are realized.
In practical application, urban and rural sewage enters a water collecting tank, a grid is arranged in the water collecting tank, preliminary filtration can be carried out, and impurities and fibers with large particle sizes are filtered out through mechanical action; the sewage after rough filtration is lifted into a water inlet tank by a water inlet pump, the water inlet tank can control the water quantity and the water flow speed entering the slow release reaction unit, and a flow meter regulates the flow entering the slow release reaction unit. Then the sewage enters a reactor supporting frame through a water inlet valve, the sewage in the reactor supporting frame successively flows through the slow-release alkalinity flat plates and the slow-release carbon source flat plates which are alternately and horizontally arranged, the water level of each layer of flat plates is adjusted through the baffle plate, and the water level on the slow-release alkalinity flat plates is shallow, so that the nitrification function is mainly realized; the water level on the slow-release carbon source flat plate is deep, the denitrification function is mainly realized, so that the multi-stage nitrification and denitrification are realized, organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in sewage are absorbed by the slow-release alkalinity flat plate and the biological membrane attached to the slow-release carbon source flat plate, and the water quality gradually becomes better; and finally, the effluent flows into the water outlet tank.
The sustained-release agent for sustained-release carbon source can be cement gel, and can be doped with polymers such as artificial or microbial synthesized Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), polycaprolactone (PC L) and polylactic acid (P L A) or a compound of modified starch and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) which can be used as the sustained-release carbon source.
Or the carbon source-doped biomembrane carrier is prepared by adopting a mixture of cement and redispersible latex powder (VAE for short) as a carrier material and adopting a compound of modified starch and polyvinyl alcohol as a carbon source. The VAE emulsion adopts a large amount of PVA as a protective body, and the PVA has more active points with the cement, so that an irregular membrane structure can be formed by adding the VAE into the cement, the physical properties of the carrier such as density, strength, porosity and the like can be effectively changed, the diffusion of carbon source starch can be hindered, and the slow release effect can be achieved. When the addition amount of the VAE is less than 5%, the elution amount tends to decrease with the increase of the slow release agent, and the appropriate addition amount is 3-5%.
When in actual use, the water level can be controlled by the baffle plate, so that the multi-stage nitrification and denitrification can be realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
1) the alkalinity and the carbon source can be slowly released, the alkalinity consumed in the nitrification process of the biofilm reactor and the carbon source consumed in the denitrification process can be supplemented, and the phenomenon that the denitrification efficiency is reduced due to insufficient carbon source in the denitrification process can be avoided;
2) constructing a multilayer horizontal flow biofilm reactor, alternately arranging a slow-release alkalinity flat plate and a slow-release carbon source flat plate, adjusting the water level of each flat plate through a baffle, and realizing the nitrification function mainly, wherein the water level on the slow-release alkalinity flat plate is shallow; the water level on the slow-release carbon source flat plate is deep, and the denitrification function is mainly realized, so that the multi-stage nitrification and denitrification are realized;
3) the horizontal flow biomembrane reaction device with the functions of slowly releasing alkalinity and carbon source is a reactor integrated with aerobic and anaerobic processes, can remove pollutants such as organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus in water, has stronger effect of removing particulate matters, greatly saves occupied space, and is suitable for sewage treatment of villages and small towns.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a plate for sustained release of alkalinity in accordance with the present invention;
the notation in the figure is:
1-water collecting tank, 2-water inlet pump, 3-water inlet tank, 4-flowmeter, 5-reactor supporting frame, 6-baffle, 7-flat head carrier, 81-slow release alkalinity flat plate, 82-slow release carbon source flat plate, and 9-water outlet tank.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the horizontal flow biofilm reactor with both functions of slowly releasing alkalinity and carbon source in the present embodiment comprises a water collecting tank 1 connected to a sewage source in urban and rural areas, a water inlet tank 3 communicated with the water collecting tank 1, a water inlet pump 2 arranged between the water collecting tank 1 and the water inlet tank 3, and a slowly releasing reaction unit communicated with the water inlet tank 3, wherein the slowly releasing reaction unit comprises a reactor supporting frame 5 communicated with the water inlet tank 3, slowly releasing alkalinity plates 81 and slowly releasing carbon source plates 82 alternately horizontally arranged in the reactor supporting frame 5 from top to bottom in sequence, and a water outlet tank 9 arranged at the bottom of the reactor supporting frame 5.
As shown in fig. 2, flat head carriers 7 arranged in an array are respectively disposed on the slow-release alkalinity flat plate 81 and the slow-release carbon source flat plate 82, and baffles 6 for controlling liquid levels are further respectively disposed on the slow-release alkalinity flat plate 81 and the slow-release carbon source flat plate 82.
Wherein, a flow meter 4 is arranged between the water inlet tank 3 and the reactor supporting frame 5. The alkalinity slow-release plate 81 is uniformly coated with an alkalinity slow-release agent which is a mineral containing calcium carbonate. The slow-release carbon source flat plate 82 is uniformly coated with a composite carbon source slow-release agent, the composite carbon source slow-release agent is formed by combining a gelling agent and a carbon source biomembrane carrier doped in the gelling agent, and the mass ratio of the gelling agent to the carbon source biomembrane carrier is 50:1. The gelling agent is cement; the carbon source biomembrane carrier is formed by mixing carbon source substance starch, polyvinyl alcohol and latex powder. The mass ratio of the carbon source substance starch to the polyvinyl alcohol is 1:9, and the mass ratio of the carbon source substance to the latex powder is 2: 5.
The device of the embodiment is inoculated with the activated sludge before use, and the specific steps are that nitrified sludge with the suspended solid concentration of 40L being 5000 mg/L is inoculated, the inoculation time is 12 hours, and the nitrified sludge is uniformly covered on the slow-release alkalinity flat plate 81 and the slow-release carbon source flat plate 82.
In the device of the embodiment, the water level can be controlled by the baffle 6, so that the multi-stage nitrification and denitrification can be realized. When the device is in actual use, urban and rural sewage enters the water collecting tank 1, the water collecting tank 1 is internally provided with a grid, preliminary filtration can be carried out, and impurities and fibers with large particle sizes are filtered out through mechanical action; the sewage after rough filtration is lifted into a water inlet tank 3 through a water inlet pump 2, the water inlet tank 3 can control the water quantity and the water flow speed entering the slow release reaction unit, and a flow meter 4 regulates the flow entering the slow release reaction unit. Then, the sewage enters a reactor supporting frame 5 through a water inlet valve, the sewage in the reactor supporting frame 5 successively flows through a sustained-release alkalinity flat plate 81 and a sustained-release carbon source flat plate 82 which are alternately and horizontally arranged, the water level of each flat plate is adjusted through a baffle 6, multi-stage nitrification and denitrification is realized, organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the sewage are absorbed by biological membranes attached to the sustained-release alkalinity flat plate 81 and the sustained-release carbon source flat plate 82, and the water quality is gradually improved; finally the effluent flows into the effluent tank 9.
Example 2:
in this embodiment, in the composite carbon source slow-release agent uniformly coated on the slow-release carbon source flat plate 82, the mass ratio of the gelling agent to the carbon source biofilm carrier is 50: 2. The gel is cement, and the carbon source biomembrane carrier is formed by mixing carbon source substance starch, polyvinyl alcohol and emulsion powder. The mass ratio of the carbon source substance starch to the polyvinyl alcohol is 1:9, and the mass ratio of the carbon source substance to the latex powder is 3: 4. The latex powder is added to form an irregular membrane structure in the cement, so that the physical properties of the carrier, such as density, strength, porosity and the like, can be effectively changed.
The device of the embodiment is inoculated with the activated sludge before use, and the specific steps are that nitrified sludge with the suspended solid concentration of 50L of 3000 mg/L is inoculated, the inoculation time is 15 hours, and the nitrified sludge is uniformly covered on the slow-release alkalinity flat plate 81 and the slow-release carbon source flat plate 82.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 3:
in this embodiment, in the composite carbon source slow-release agent uniformly coated on the slow-release carbon source flat plate 82, the mass ratio of the gelling agent to the carbon source biofilm carrier is 50: 1.5. The gel is cement, and the carbon source biomembrane carrier is formed by mixing carbon source substance starch, polyvinyl alcohol and modified substance emulsion powder. The mass ratio of the carbon source substance starch to the polyvinyl alcohol is 1:9, and the mass ratio of the carbon source substance to the modification substance is 2: 4.
The device of the embodiment is inoculated with the activated sludge before use, and the specific steps are that 45L nitrified sludge with the suspended solid concentration of 4000 mg/L is inoculated, the inoculation time is 13 hours, and the nitrified sludge is uniformly covered on the slow-release alkalinity flat plate 81 and the slow-release carbon source flat plate 82.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 4:
in this embodiment, in the composite carbon source slow-release agent uniformly coated on the slow-release carbon source flat plate 82, the mass ratio of the gelling agent to the carbon source biofilm carrier is 50: 2. The gel is cement, and the carbon source biomembrane carrier is formed by mixing carbon source substance starch, polyvinyl alcohol and modified substance emulsion powder. The mass ratio of the carbon source substance starch to the polyvinyl alcohol is 1:9, and the mass ratio of the carbon source substance to the modification substance is 3: 5.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 5:
in this embodiment, in the composite carbon source slow-release agent uniformly coated on the slow-release carbon source flat plate 82, the mass ratio of the gelling agent to the carbon source biofilm carrier is 50: 2. The gel is cement, and the carbon source biomembrane carrier is polyhydroxyalkanoate.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 6:
in this embodiment, in the composite carbon source slow-release agent uniformly coated on the slow-release carbon source flat plate 82, the mass ratio of the gelling agent to the carbon source biofilm carrier is 50: 2. The gel is cement, and the carbon source biomembrane carrier is formed by mixing polycaprolactone, polylactic acid and starch according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 2.
The rest is the same as example 1.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The horizontal flow biomembrane reaction device with the functions of slowly releasing alkalinity and carbon source is characterized by comprising a water collecting tank connected with urban and rural sewage sources, a water inlet tank communicated with the water collecting tank, a water inlet pump arranged between the water collecting tank and the water inlet tank, and a slowly releasing reaction unit communicated with the water inlet tank, wherein the slowly releasing reaction unit comprises a reactor supporting frame communicated with the water inlet tank, a slowly releasing alkalinity flat plate and a slowly releasing carbon source flat plate which are sequentially and horizontally arranged in the reactor supporting frame from top to bottom in turn, and a water outlet tank arranged at the bottom of the reactor supporting frame;
flat-head carriers which are arranged in an array form are respectively arranged on the slow-release alkalinity flat plate and the slow-release carbon source flat plate, and baffles for controlling liquid level are respectively arranged on the slow-release alkalinity flat plate and the slow-release carbon source flat plate;
the liquid level depth on the slow-release carbon source flat plate is larger than the liquid level depth on the slow-release alkalinity flat plate;
the composite carbon source slow-release agent is uniformly coated on the slow-release carbon source flat plate, the composite carbon source slow-release agent is formed by combining a gelling agent and a carbon source biomembrane carrier doped in the gelling agent, and the mass ratio of the gelling agent to the carbon source biomembrane carrier is 50: 1-2;
the carbon source biomembrane carrier is formed by mixing starch, polyvinyl alcohol and emulsion powder, wherein the mass ratio of the starch to the polyvinyl alcohol is 1:9, and the mass ratio of the starch to the emulsion powder is 2-4: 3-5.
2. The horizontal-flow biofilm reactor with the functions of releasing alkalinity and a carbon source as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alkalinity-releasing plate is uniformly coated with an alkalinity-releasing agent, and the alkalinity-releasing agent is a mineral containing calcium carbonate.
3. The horizontal flow biomembrane reaction device with the function of slowly releasing alkalinity and carbon source as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the activated sludge is inoculated before the device is used, the specific steps are that nitrified sludge with suspended solid concentration of 40-50L of 3000-5000 mg/L is inoculated, the inoculation time is 12-15 hours, and the nitrified sludge is uniformly covered on the slowly releasing alkalinity plate and the slowly releasing carbon source plate.
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| CN109231442B (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2020-04-21 | 知和环保科技有限公司 | Drawer type reactor for removing nitrate nitrogen in water |
| CN114804345B (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2023-05-26 | 上海大学 | Method and system for super-enriching solid phase denitrifying bacteria based on nanofiber carbon source |
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| CN102432104A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2012-05-02 | 同济大学 | High-efficiency low-power multi-layer horizontal flow biomembrane sewage treatment method and equipment |
| CN102689982A (en) * | 2011-03-21 | 2012-09-26 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Carbon source carrier filler for repairing nitrate pollution of underground water |
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| CN102689982A (en) * | 2011-03-21 | 2012-09-26 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Carbon source carrier filler for repairing nitrate pollution of underground water |
| CN102432104A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2012-05-02 | 同济大学 | High-efficiency low-power multi-layer horizontal flow biomembrane sewage treatment method and equipment |
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