CN106956479A - 一种高强度热弯玻璃 - Google Patents
一种高强度热弯玻璃 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及玻璃技术领域，具体涉及一种高强度热弯玻璃，该玻璃包括弯曲的本体，弯曲部位的圆心角为90‑270度；所述本体为多层结构，每层的厚度为1‑10mm；厚度小于等于5mm时，层数为3‑10层，厚度大于等于5mm时，层数为2‑5层；圆心角大于等于180度时，层数为5‑10层，每层厚度为1‑3mm；所述多层结构之间设有金属加热丝。该玻璃与同厚度的单层弯曲玻璃相比，强度提高20‑30%，并且，在热胀冷缩的调节下不易破损，低温零下30度，高温40度，均具有良好的表现。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及玻璃技术领域，具体涉及一种高强度热弯玻璃。
背景技术
热弯玻璃是为了满足现代建筑的高品质需求，由优质玻璃加热弯软化，在模具中成型，再经退火制成的曲面玻璃。热弯玻璃样式美观，线条流畅，它突破了平板玻璃的单一性，使用上更加灵活多样。
热弯玻璃从形状上分类，可分为单一弯、折弯、复合弯三大类。对于单一弯的建筑玻璃来说，玻璃热弯是相对容易的。折弯热弯玻璃常见的有水族馆玻璃和柜台玻璃，折弯玻璃最大的技术难点是直线边弯曲、折角处易出现模痕等缺陷。复合弯玻璃也很常见，例如球形玻璃、转弯的拱形走廓、玻璃洗手盆等，这种玻璃在热弯操作上要求有很高的技术水平，制作精确的模具，有的需要专业的热弯炉才可完成。
热弯玻璃的生产主要经过以下几道工序：玻璃的热弯、合片、真空预热预压、高温高压等工艺过程。
热弯模具的选用，热弯玻璃所使用的成型模具在热弯玻璃成型过程中起着至关要的作用，大体上热弯模具的种类主要分为三种：实心模、条框模、空心模，在此基础之上很多生产厂家在模具的加工上都有自已的特点。以下笔者主要针对这三种主要模具各自的特点进行简单的阐述，在实际生产过程中，我们可以根据不同的产品类型，选择不同的热弯模具。实心模，顾名思义模具中间为实心，用铁板制成，此种模具的特点是容易保证玻璃的弯曲度和球面的一致，玻璃不会弯曲过头，对操作人员要求不高，缺点是模具的的制作成本高，制作周期长，在热弯烧制过程中，模具吸热多造成升温慢，在烧制过程中容易造成玻璃表面出现麻点；空心模的制作采用角钢和扁钢制成，这种模具的制作相对简单．用材少，在热弯烧制过程中模具吸热少，在烧制过程中玻璃的中间采用弹簧进行支撑，制品表面不会出现麻点，采用此种模具对热弯的操作技术要求较高，由于热弯玻璃过程中有热滞后现象，制品很容易弯过头；条框模是介于实心模和空心模之间的一种模具，它的制作相对于实心模来说较为简单，对热弯操作要求也较低。
热弯的操作过程，目前各个玻璃加工厂家，大多数采用的是电加热式热弯炉，这种热弯炉温度控制方便，易操作，不污染玻璃，产品的质量和产品的一致性较高，且多数已采用计算机集成控制，通过计算机对各种参数设置，实现了对热弯工艺的程序化控制。热弯操作过程可以简单概括为搭配好大小片，且大小片间均匀洒上硅粉的玻璃放在凹模上面，然后对其进行加热，使玻璃达到软化点温度时，玻璃在自身重力或外部压力的作用下达到与凹模曲率一致后，停止加热，缓慢进行退火直至达室温，至此完成热弯过程。玻璃热弯工艺过程中的控制，主要是以下几个方面：玻璃预热时，应采用连续加热或缓慢加热的方式，使炉内温各处一致；要求两片重叠的玻璃弯曲的曲率半径相一致，否则会使夫层玻璃产生光学畸变；玻璃必须达到所要热弯成型时所需的度；模具放置在承载小车上时，必须保证模具放置的水平；炉内度达到玻璃成型时所需的温度640℃-710℃，这时玻璃将开始在自身重力的作用之下开始变形，为了防止玻璃在接近软化度时突然沉降，防止玻璃表面产生热弯波纹。这时操作人员必须时刻观察炉内玻璃的成形情况，控制加热灯管的开关数量、区域和时间；玻璃退火应采用缓慢冷却的方式，炉温必须降到100℃以下时再取出玻璃，玻璃在热弯成型时，原有应力已消除，为防止在降温过程中由于温度梯度而产生新的应力，应严格控制在退火温度范围的冷却速率，特别是在温度较高阶段，退火曲线应该均匀变化，且出炉落架的玻璃不能放在车间风口或风扇直吹处。
目前的热弯玻璃均采用初步的热弯而成，强度不高，并且在受到热胀冷缩后，容易导致应力集中，甚至会发生破裂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决目前热弯玻璃强度不高的问题，提供一种高强度热弯玻璃。
为了达到上述发明目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种高强度热弯玻璃，包括弯曲的本体，弯曲部位的圆心角为90-270度；所述本体为多层结构，每层的厚度为1-10mm；厚度小于等于5mm时，层数为3-10层，厚度大于等于5mm时，层数为2-5层；圆心角大于等于180度时，层数为5-10层，每层厚度为1-3mm；所述多层结构之间设有金属加热丝。
大圆心角采用多层结构，并且采用更低的厚度进行组合，以保证整体的强度和抗变形能力。加热丝为大厚度的玻璃进行加热，防止较低的温度造成玻璃形变导致玻璃破损。
作为优选方案，所述单层厚度小于等于3mm时，多层结构采用真空吸附粘结，并且在本体周边设置固定边框。
作为优选方案，所述单层厚度大于等于3mm时，多层结构采用胶片层粘结。
作为优选方案，所述胶片层为PVB胶片层。
作为优选方案，所述胶片层为聚酯胶片层。
作为优选方案，所述胶片层为聚氨酯胶片层。
作为优选方案，所述胶片层的厚度为0.5-2mm。
作为优选方案，所述金属加热丝位于胶片层内。加热丝不仅可以为玻璃进行加热防止其发生形变破损，同时也可以为胶片层进行加热，防止低温造成的高聚物刚性断裂，导致粘性降低，最终造成玻璃分层损坏。
作为优选方案，所述多层玻璃各层上交错设有缺口。这里的缺口指的是，每层玻璃上在不同位置设置有孔洞，通过多层复合后，孔洞处就形成了中空，这样的中空设置，不仅可以便于真空吸附粘结，同时也利于保温，
作为优选方案，包括弯曲的本体，弯曲部位的圆心角为90-270度；所述本体为多层结构，每层的厚度为1-10mm；厚度小于等于5mm时，层数为3-10层，厚度大于等于5mm时，层数为2-5层；圆心角大于等于180度时，层数为5-10层，每层厚度为1-3mm；所述多层结构之间设有金属加热丝；所述单层厚度小于等于3mm时，多层结构采用真空吸附粘结，并且在本体周边设置固定边框；所述单层厚度大于等于3mm时，多层结构采用胶片层粘结；所述胶片层为PVB胶片层、聚酯胶片层或聚氨酯胶片层，所述胶片层的厚度为0.5-2mm，所述金属加热丝位于胶片层内，所述多层玻璃的各层上在不同位置分别设有缺口。
本发明还提供了一种一种高强度热弯玻璃的配方，具体如下：
一种高强度热弯玻璃，按重量百分比包括：二氧化硅77-80%、三氧化二铝5-7%、氧化镁6-9%、氧化钡3-5、氟化镓0.1-0.5%、氟碳铈镧矿2-5%、氧化铁0.05-0.08%和余量的改性剂，改性剂按重量份数计包括：锂辉石3-5份、铁锂云母8-10份和重晶石5-6份。
作为优选，按重量百分比包括：二氧化硅78%、三氧化二铝6%、氧化镁7%、氧化钡4%、氟化镓0.3%、氟碳铈镧矿3%、氧化铁0.06%和余量的改性剂，改性剂按重量份数计包括：锂辉石4份、铁锂云9份和重晶石5份。
本发明与现有技术相比，有益效果是：与同厚度的单层弯曲玻璃相比，强度提高20-30%，并且，在热胀冷缩的调节下不易破损，低温零下30度，高温40度，均具有良好的表现。
采用本发明的热弯玻璃的配方，制备的热弯玻璃收缩率降低5-10%，热膨胀系数较低，其韧性提高5-13%。
附图说明
图1是本发明的实施例1和实施例2的结构示意图；
图2是本发明的实施例1和实施例2的内部结构示意图；
图3是是本发明的实施例3和实施例4的结构示意图。
图中：1本体，2固定边框，3胶片层，4金属加热丝，5缺口。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步描述说明。
实施例1：
一种高强度热弯玻璃，如图1和2所示，包括弯曲的本体1，所述本体1为多层结构，每层的厚度为1mm，层数为10层，弯曲部位的圆心角为90-270度；多层结构采用真空吸附粘结，并且在本体1周边设置固定边框2。同时在多层之间设置金属加热丝4。在所述多层玻璃的各层上在不同位置分别设有缺口5。缺口5交错设置。
实施例2：
一种高强度热弯玻璃，如图1和2所示，包括弯曲的本体1，所述本体1为多层结构，每层的厚度为2mm，层数为8层，弯曲部位的圆心角为90-270度；多层结构采用真空吸附粘结，并且在本体1周边设置固定边框2。同时在多层之间设置金属加热丝4。在所述多层玻璃的各层上在不同位置分别设有缺口5，缺口5交错设置。
实施例3：
一种高强度热弯玻璃，如图3所示，包括弯曲的本体1，所述本体1为多层结构，每层的厚度为6mm，层数为5层，弯曲部位的圆心角为90-180度；多层结构采用胶片层3粘结，所述胶片层3为PVB胶片层3。所述胶片层3为聚酯胶片层3。所述胶片层3为聚氨酯胶片层3。所述胶片层3的厚度为0.5mm。同时在多层之间设置金属加热丝4。所述金属加热丝4位于胶片层3内。在所述多层玻璃的各层上在不同位置分别设有缺口5。缺口5交错设置。
实施例4：
一种高强度热弯玻璃，如图3所示，包括弯曲的本体1，所述本体1为多层结构，每层的厚度为10mm，层数为3层，弯曲部位的圆心角为90-180度；多层结构采用胶片层3粘结，所述胶片层3为PVB胶片层3。所述胶片层3为聚酯胶片层3。所述胶片层3为聚氨酯胶片层3。所述胶片层3的厚度为2mm。同时在多层之间设置金属加热丝4。所述金属加热丝4位于胶片层3内。在所述多层玻璃的各层上在不同位置分别设有缺口5。缺口5交错设置。
上述各实施例制备的热弯玻璃，由于采用多层复合，并且配合加热金属丝和交错设置的缺口5，可以有效应对恶劣环境，提高热弯玻璃在恶劣环境下的性能。
实施例5
一种高强度热弯玻璃，按重量百分比包括：二氧化硅77%、三氧化二铝7%、氧化镁6%、氧化钡5%、氟化镓0.1%、氟碳铈镧矿5%、氧化铁0.05%和余量的改性剂，改性剂按重量份数计包括：锂辉石5份、铁锂云母8份和重晶石6份。
实施例6
一种高强度热弯玻璃，按重量百分比包括：二氧化硅80%、三氧化二铝5%、氧化镁9%、氧化钡3%、氟化镓0.5%、氟碳铈镧矿2%、氧化铁0.08%和余量的改性剂，改性剂按重量份数计包括：锂辉石3份、铁锂云母10份和重晶石5份。
实施例7
一种高强度热弯玻璃，按重量百分比包括：二氧化硅78%、三氧化二铝6%、氧化镁7%、氧化钡4%、氟化镓0.3%、氟碳铈镧矿3%、氧化铁0.06%和余量的改性剂，改性剂按重量份数计包括：锂辉石4份、铁锂云9份和重晶石5份。
实施例5、实施例6和实施例7制备的热弯玻璃，能够具备很高的韧性，相比普通玻璃，其韧性提高5-13%，热弯成型后，能够具有良好的弯曲性能，能够适量进行弯曲调整，弯曲余量较大。同时，该玻璃的收缩率降低，其热膨胀系数得到降低，这样的特性特别适合于制作多层复合玻璃，当采用较低厚度玻璃进行复合成型时，较低的热膨胀系数能够提高复合玻璃的热稳定性。线热膨胀系数α＜3，单位10-6/K 20℃。
Claims (10)
1.一种高强度热弯玻璃，其特征在于，包括弯曲的本体（1），弯曲部位的圆心角为90-270度；所述本体（1）为多层结构，每层的厚度为1-10mm；厚度小于等于5mm时，层数为3-10层，厚度大于等于5mm时，层数为2-5层；圆心角大于等于180度时，层数为5-10层，每层厚度为1-3mm；所述多层结构之间设有金属加热丝（4）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度热弯玻璃，其特征在于，所述单层厚度小于等于3mm时，多层结构采用真空吸附粘结，并且在本体（1）周边设置固定边框（2）。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种高强度热弯玻璃，其特征在于，所述单层厚度大于等于3mm时，多层结构采用胶片层（3）粘结。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种高强度热弯玻璃，其特征在于，所述胶片层（3）为PVB胶片层（3）、聚酯胶片层（3）或聚氨酯胶片层（3）。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种高强度热弯玻璃，其特征在于，所述胶片层（3）的厚度为0.5-2mm。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种高强度热弯玻璃，其特征在于，所述金属加热丝（4）位于胶片层（3）内。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种高强度热弯玻璃，其特征在于，所述多层玻璃各层上交错设有缺口（5）。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度热弯玻璃，其特征在于，包括弯曲的本体（1），弯曲部位的圆心角为90-270度；所述本体（1）为多层结构，每层的厚度为1-10mm；厚度小于等于5mm时，层数为3-10层，厚度大于等于5mm时，层数为2-5层；圆心角大于等于180度时，层数为5-10层，每层厚度为1-3mm；所述多层结构之间设有金属加热丝（4）；所述单层厚度小于等于3mm时，多层结构采用真空吸附粘结，并且在本体（1）周边设置固定边框（2）；所述单层厚度大于等于3mm时，多层结构采用胶片层（3）粘结；所述胶片层（3）为PVB胶片层（3）、聚酯胶片层（3）或聚氨酯胶片层（3），所述胶片层（3）的厚度为0.5-2mm，所述金属加热丝（4）位于胶片层（3）内，所述多层玻璃的各层上在不同位置分别设有缺口（5）。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度热弯玻璃，其特征在于，按重量百分比包括：二氧化硅77-80%、三氧化二铝5-7%、氧化镁6-9%、氧化钡3-5%、氟化镓0.1-0.5%、氟碳铈镧矿2-5%、氧化铁0.05-0.08%和余量的改性剂，改性剂按重量份数计包括：锂辉石3-5份、铁锂云母8-10份和重晶石5-6份。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种高强度热弯玻璃，其特征在于，按重量百分比包括：二氧化硅78%、三氧化二铝6%、氧化镁7%、氧化钡4%、氟化镓0.3%、氟碳铈镧矿3%、氧化铁0.06%和余量的改性剂，改性剂按重量份数计包括：锂辉石4份、铁锂云9份和重晶石5份。
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