CN106948389B - Soil pressure and displacement visual two-dimensional test system for soil retaining structure - Google Patents
Soil pressure and displacement visual two-dimensional test system for soil retaining structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN106948389B CN106948389B CN201710318620.3A CN201710318620A CN106948389B CN 106948389 B CN106948389 B CN 106948389B CN 201710318620 A CN201710318620 A CN 201710318620A CN 106948389 B CN106948389 B CN 106948389B
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- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil pressure and displacement visual two-dimensional test system for a soil retaining structure, which comprises an outer frame, wherein a soil retaining structure force measuring plate with a multi-point load detection function is arranged in the outer frame, a soil retaining structure displacement control assembly is arranged between one side of the soil retaining structure force measuring plate and the outer frame, the other side of the soil retaining structure force measuring plate and the outer frame form a rectangular packing box, simulated sand with a function of simulating the stress-strain characteristic of a macroscopic plane of the sand is arranged in the rectangular packing box, a load loading assembly is arranged at the upper part of the rectangular packing box, and a photographic lighting system and a photographic device are arranged in front of the outer frame. The soil pressure of a plurality of measuring points of the same vertical section can be measured simultaneously, the distribution condition is measured, the effect of side friction can be accurately eliminated by adopting two-dimensional simulated sandy soil as a filler, and the position of a slip crack surface is visually shown. The invention has high reliability and strong repeatability, and provides a new test system for soil pressure research.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a teaching demonstration and model test device, in particular to a soil pressure and displacement visualization two-dimensional test system for a soil retaining structure.
Background
Soil pressure of a soil retaining structure is always a hotspot problem of soil mechanics research, and Rankine soil pressure and Coulomb soil pressure are widely applied to actual engineering due to the simplicity and strong adaptability of formulas. The existing soil pressure theory considers that the soil retaining structure moves in the direction of deviating from or towards the soil body, when the limit balance state is reached, a linear type slip surface appears in the soil body, the slip surfaces are respectively called as an active limit balance state and a passive limit balance state, and the soil pressure of the soil retaining wall structure in the limit balance state can be deduced according to a soil body unit Mohr-coulomb strength theory or a wedge body slip surface limit balance equation.
The current soil pressure theory is based on soil pressure distribution and size obtained by derivation of a limit balance condition, but a retaining structure of a project cannot reach displacement required by a limit balance state, particularly large displacement required by a passive limit balance state.
The current soil pressure theory includes assumed conditions such as horizontal filling, vertical and smooth wall back or linear sliding surface, and the soil pressure behind the wall is greatly different from the theory under different boundary conditions, loading capacity and reinforcement conditions of actual engineering. Chinese patent CN 102928296A discloses a simulation analyzer for active and passive soil pressure damage of soil body behind retaining structure, and the advantage of the analyzer is that it can realize the simulation of different retaining wall inclination angles. The disadvantages exist as follows:
1. the analyzer adopts a square box body and a sand material as fillers, and the deformation of the internal fillers is observed through a transparent baffle of the square box body, so that the fillers are inevitably influenced by the friction force and the size effect of front and rear baffles, and the size effect mainly means that the soil arch effect is generated between the front and rear baffles by the internal fillers when the size of the baffles is smaller.
2. The analyzer adopts a soil pressure cell, and the calibration coefficient of the soil pressure cell changes constantly under the conditions of different media and relative densities. The condition of sand relative density change in the test process can not be effectively solved, and the test precision is limited.
3. The analyzer did not involve filler displacement testing and identification of slip planes and simulation of the loading of the fill behind the wall.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a soil pressure and displacement visual two-dimensional test system for a retaining wall, which can realize the soil pressure demonstration experiment of the retaining wall in an active mode and a passive mode and the test of the soil pressure size, distribution and slip crack surface evolution along with deformation under the reinforced retaining structure and loading working conditions under the pure two-dimensional condition.
In order to achieve the purpose, the soil pressure and displacement visual two-dimensional test system of the soil retaining structure is characterized in that: the device comprises an outer frame, wherein a retaining structure force-measuring plate with a multipoint load testing function is arranged in the outer frame, a retaining structure displacement control assembly is arranged between one side of the retaining structure force-measuring plate and the outer frame, the other side of the retaining structure force-measuring plate and the outer frame form a rectangular packing box, special-shaped cross-section bar simulated sand with simulated sand plane stress-strain characteristics is arranged in the rectangular packing box, a load loading assembly is arranged at the upper part of the rectangular packing box, a photographic lighting system and a photographic device are further arranged in front of the outer frame, and baffles are not arranged at the front and the back of the outer frame in order to thoroughly eliminate friction and size effect influence;
the soil retaining structure force measuring plate is used for testing the soil pressure transmitted to the soil retaining structure by the simulated sand;
the soil retaining displacement control assembly is used for controlling the movement amount of the soil retaining structure force measuring plate relative to the simulated sandy soil;
the load loading assembly is used for applying upper load to the simulated sandy soil;
the photographic light system and the photographic device are used for continuously acquiring and simulating the internal change characteristics of the sandy soil.
Furthermore, soil retaining structure force plate includes baffle and a plurality of bar force plate of arranging on the baffle, bar force plate is located baffle and simulation sand contact side, and the clearance between the bar force plate is less than simulation sand dysmorphism cross-section stick size in order to prevent that special-shaped stick from leaking into.
Furthermore, the strip-shaped force measuring plate is made of a precision load meter, so that the soil pressure transmitted to the soil retaining structure by the special-shaped rod can be accurately measured, and the problem of measurement precision caused by the adoption of a soil pressure box during sandy soil simulation is solved.
Furthermore, 16 strip-shaped force measuring plates are arranged on the baffle at equal intervals from top to bottom, so that the pressure test in the full-length range is realized;
still further, retaining structure displacement control subassembly includes mounting panel, lead screw lift, slide rail, the mounting panel sets up on the outer frame inner wall, the baffle middle part is connected with the lead screw lift, the lead screw lift passes through the support to be fixed on the mounting panel, the baffle lower extreme passes through sliding rail connection on the mounting panel. The mounting plate is tightly connected with the outer frame, and forms a reliable system with the screw rod lifter and the baffle plate, and the rigidity of the mounting plate is enough to support the screw rod lifter to accurately control the baffle plate to generate the required displacement.
Still further, the load loading assembly comprises a rigid bearing plate which is in contact with the simulated sandy soil, a telescopic connecting rod is arranged on the rigid bearing plate and connected with a jack through a force measuring ring, and the jack is arranged on the inner top surface of the outer frame. The loading device is used for simulating the loading of the top of the soil body behind the retaining wall.
Furthermore, in order to construct a pure two-dimensional experimental condition, the simulated sandy soil is formed by mixing more than 3 types of special-shaped section bars with different sizes. The irregular cross section refers to the cross section which is non-circular, and the non-circular irregular steel plate has the advantages that the influence of the shape factor of particles on the strength, namely the shear-swelling property is considered, the average contact point number of unit particles, namely the allocation number, is increased, and therefore the plane stress strain property of the accumulation body is closer to that of sandy soil; furthermore, the simulated sandy soil is made of an annealed 201 stainless steel material, and the surface friction coefficient of the simulated sandy soil is close to that of quartz sand. The gravity of the sand soil material is 3 to 5 times, the similarity ratio of the model test is increased by 3 to 5 times, and the similarity of the model test and the actual engineering is improved;
preferably, the simulated sandy soil is filled layer by layer, and a reinforced layer made of geotechnical materials is arranged between layers for simulating reinforced soil.
The invention has the advantages that:
the soil retaining structure force measuring plate is connected with the soil retaining structure displacement control assembly through the slide rail and can move along the slide rail under the action of the lifter. Wherein, soil retaining structure force plate adopts the preparation of precision load meter, has solved the problem of soil pressure test accuracy. In the soil retaining structure displacement control assembly, the soil retaining plate is accurately controlled to retreat and advance through the hand wheel of the lead screw lifter. The bar-shaped force measuring plate consisting of the bar-shaped bearing plate and the plurality of load meters is arranged in the full-length range on the soil retaining plate, and the soil pressure transmitted to the soil retaining structure can be accurately tested by connecting the static strain gauges. And simulating and demonstrating the soil body slip surface and the soil pressure distribution in the active and passive limit balance states, and capturing the particle displacement through a model test device and analyzing to obtain the slip surface evolution process for the soil pressure distribution change and the slip surface formation and evolution process in the moving process of the soil retaining structure.
Simulated sandy soil is used as a filler, and the simulated sandy soil is formed by mixing special-shaped steel bars with different sizes, so that a pure two-dimensional test condition is constructed. The simulated sandy soil is filled in layers, and the layers can be reinforced by adopting geotechnical materials so as to simulate reinforced soil. The top of the simulated sandy soil filler can be loaded by a load loading assembly.
The deformation and the slip surface form of the two-dimensional simulated sandy soil are collected through a photographic light system and a photographic device. Non-contact displacement testing and slip surface identification technologies based on image measurement are introduced, the precision of displacement capture and shear surface identification is improved, and qualitative research is converted into quantitative research. The Rankine soil pressure theory can be demonstrated and tested, and simulation of different loading conditions can be performed. Through further simplification of test conditions and innovation of a test technology, the test precision and the repeatability of a model test are greatly improved. Utilize the accurate control soil retaining structure's of lead screw lift displacement volume, track the deformation of packing inside, carry out quantitative analysis to soil pressure and the glide plane evolution process of soil retaining structure displacement in-process.
The invention has high reliability and strong repeatability, and provides a new test system for soil pressure research.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a soil pressure and displacement visualization two-dimensional test system of a soil retaining structure.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I of bitmap 1.
Fig. 3 is a cross section of a preferred 3 kinds of oval steel bars simulating sand.
Fig. 4 is a side view of the lead screw elevator bracket.
Fig. 5 is a side view of the mounting plate.
Figure 6 is a front view of the force plate.
Figure 7 is a side view of the force plate.
Figure 8 is a top view of the force plate.
Fig. 9 is a side view of the slide rail.
Fig. 10 is a side view of the slider.
In the figure: the external frame 1, the mounting plate 2, the bracket 3, the screw rod lifter 4, the slide rail 5, the baffle 6, the strip-shaped force measuring plate 7, the simulated sandy soil 8, the jack 9, the force measuring ring 10, the telescopic connecting rod 11, the rigid bearing plate 12, the photographic light system 13 and the photographic devices 14, A, B and C represent the model of the simulated sandy soil steel bar.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
as shown in the figure visual two-dimensional test system of retaining structure soil pressure and displacement, including outer frame 1, 1 inside retaining structure dynamometer plate that has the multiple spot load and detect the function that is provided with of outer frame, be provided with retaining structure displacement control subassembly between retaining structure dynamometer plate one side and the outer frame 1, retaining structure dynamometer plate opposite side and outer frame 1 constitute the rectangle gland packing, be provided with the simulation sand 8 that has simulation sand macroscopic plane stress strain characteristic function in the rectangle gland packing, rectangle gland packing T upper portion is provided with load loading subassembly, still be provided with photographic lighting system 13 and photographic arrangement 14 before the outer frame 1, for thoroughly eliminating friction and size effect influence, all be equipped with the baffle around the outer frame. The photographing device 14 may employ a digital single lens reflex camera.
Wherein, retaining structure force plate includes baffle 6 and a plurality of bar force plate 7 of arranging on the baffle, bar force plate 7 is located baffle 6 and 8 contact sides of simulation sand. The strip-shaped force measuring plate 7 is made of a precision load meter. The strip-shaped force measuring plates 7 are provided with 16 strips and are arranged on the baffle 6 at equal intervals from top to bottom.
Retaining structure displacement control subassembly includes mounting panel 2, lead screw lift 4, slide rail 5, mounting panel 2 sets up on 1 inner wall of outer frame, 6 middle parts of baffle are connected with lead screw lift 4, lead screw lift 4 passes through support 3 to be fixed on mounting panel 2, 6 lower extremes of baffle pass through slide rail 5 and connect on mounting panel 2.
The load loading assembly comprises a rigid bearing plate 12 which is in contact with the simulated sandy soil 8, a telescopic connecting rod 11 is arranged on the rigid bearing plate 12, the telescopic connecting rod 11 is connected with a jack 9 through a force measuring ring 10, and the jack 9 is arranged on the inner top surface of the outer frame 1.
The simulated sandy soil 8 is used as a filler, the simulated sandy soil 8 is formed by mixing special-shaped steel bars with different sizes of more than 3, and pure sand is constructedTwo dimensional test conditions. The simulated sandy soil is filled in layers, and the reinforced layers can be made of geotechnical materials among the layers to simulate reinforced soil. The simulated sandy soil 8 is generally made of an annealed 201 stainless steel material. In this embodiment, the simulated sandy soil 8 is an annealed 201 stainless steel oval steel bar mixture with 3 different section sizes. The short axis multiplied by the long axis of the steel bars with three different section sizes are respectively 3mm multiplied by 6mm, 4mm multiplied by 8mm, 5mm multiplied by 10mm A type, B type and C type. The peak friction angle measured at a confining pressure of 100kPa is improved to be compared by a biaxial testφ p =34 degree shear expansion angleψ m =5 degrees, and the plane strength of the dense sandy soil is well reflected.
The specific working process of the invention is as follows:
loading the simulated sandy soil 8 to a certain height according to test requirements, converting concentrated loads into uniformly distributed loads by the jack 9 through the rigid bearing plate 12, transmitting the uniformly distributed loads to the simulated sandy soil 8, and reading the magnitude of the applied loads through the force measuring ring 10; shaking a hand wheel of the lead screw lifter 4 clockwise or anticlockwise to push the baffle 6 to slide on the slide rail 5, advancing or retreating until a passive or active limit state is reached, and testing the soil pressure transmitted to the baffle through a precision load gauge element in the strip-shaped force measuring plate 7; when the strip-shaped force measuring plate 7 moves for a certain displacement such as 0.25mm, the shooting light system 13 and the digital single lens reflex 14 collect the simulated sand 8 image, the particle displacement is obtained by the photo sequence obtained in the whole process through the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technology, the particle corner, the density distribution and the form of the slip crack surface are obtained by processing through the graphic analysis software, and the evolution analysis of the slip crack surface in the process of the displacement of the soil retaining structure in the active and passive modes is carried out.
The optimized structure of the simulated sandy soil 8 is 3 annealed No. 201 elliptical rods with different sections, and each 0.3 m of the simulated sandy soil is used in work 2 Uniformly mixing 594 steel bars, 334 bars and 214 bars with the minor axis multiplied by 6mm, the major axis multiplied by 8mm and the major axis multiplied by 5mm by 10mm respectively, and filling and layering filling by using mixed simulated sandy soil, wherein the mass ratio of the three steel bars is about 1.
Wherein, the turntable of the screw rod lifter 4 rotates clockwise or anticlockwise for a circle, the screw rod acts on the force measuring plate to move forwards or backwards by 0.25mm in horizontal displacement, and the maximum length of the screw rod for moving forwards or backwards is 75mm.
The invention can simultaneously measure the magnitude and the distribution condition of the soil pressure of a plurality of measuring points on the same vertical section, and the two-dimensional simulated sandy soil is adopted as the filler, so that the side friction effect can be accurately eliminated, and the position of a slip crack surface can be visually shown. The invention has high reliability and strong repeatability, and provides a new test system for soil pressure research.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention in any way, and any modifications, equivalent variations and improvements made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a visual two-dimensional test system of retaining structure soil pressure and displacement which characterized in that: the soil-retaining structure force-measuring plate with the multipoint load detection function is arranged in the outer frame (1), a soil-retaining structure displacement control assembly is arranged between one side of the soil-retaining structure force-measuring plate and the outer frame (1), the other side of the soil-retaining structure force-measuring plate and the outer frame (1) form a rectangular packing box, simulated sandy soil (8) with the function of simulating the stress-strain characteristic of a macroscopic plane of sandy soil is arranged in the rectangular packing box, a load loading assembly is arranged at the upper part of the rectangular packing box, and a photographic light system (13) and a photographic device (14) are further arranged in front of the outer frame (1); the simulated sandy soil (8) is formed by mixing more than 3 steel bars with special-shaped cross sections of different sizes, and the cross section of the special-shaped cross section is non-circular;
the soil retaining structure force measuring plate is used for testing the soil pressure transmitted to the soil retaining structure by the simulated sand; the soil retaining structure force measuring plate comprises a baffle (6) and a plurality of strip force measuring plates (7) arranged on the baffle, the strip force measuring plates (7) are positioned on the contact side of the baffle (6) and the simulated sandy soil (8), and the gap between the strip force measuring plates is smaller than the size of the simulated sandy soil steel bar with the special-shaped section so as to prevent the steel bar with the special-shaped section from leaking into the gap;
the soil retaining structure displacement control assembly is used for controlling the position of a soil retaining structure force measuring plate relative to simulated sandy soil (8), and comprises a mounting plate (2), a screw rod lifter (4) and a slide rail (5), wherein the mounting plate (2) is arranged on the inner wall of an outer frame (1), the middle part of a baffle (6) is connected with the screw rod lifter (4), the screw rod lifter (4) is fixed on the mounting plate (2) through a support (3), and the lower end of the baffle (6) is connected to the mounting plate (2) through the slide rail (5);
the load loading assembly is used for applying pressure to the simulated sandy soil (8) and comprises a rigid bearing plate (12) which is in contact with the simulated sandy soil (8), a telescopic connecting rod (11) is arranged on the rigid bearing plate (12), the telescopic connecting rod (11) is connected with a jack (9) through a force measuring ring (10), and the jack (9) is arranged on the inner top surface of the outer frame (1);
the photographic light system (13) and the photographic device (14) are used for continuously acquiring internal change characteristics of the simulated sandy soil (8), acquiring particle displacement from a photo sequence obtained in the whole process through a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technology, processing by adopting graphic analysis software to acquire particle corner, density distribution and slip surface morphology, and carrying out slip surface evolution analysis on the displacement process of the soil retaining structure in an active mode and a passive mode.
2. A soil pressure and displacement visualization two-dimensional test system for a soil retaining structure according to claim 1, wherein: the strip-shaped force measuring plate (7) is made of a precision load meter.
3. A soil pressure and displacement visualization two-dimensional test system for a soil retaining structure according to claim 2, wherein: the strip-shaped force measuring plates (7) are arranged in 16 numbers and are arranged on the baffle (6) at equal intervals from top to bottom.
4. A soil pressure and displacement visualization two-dimensional test system for a soil retaining structure according to claim 1, wherein: the simulated sandy soil (8) is made of an annealed 201 stainless steel material.
5. A soil pressure and displacement visualization two-dimensional test system for a soil retaining structure according to claim 1 or 4, wherein: the simulated sandy soil (8) is filled in layers, and a reinforced layer made of geotechnical materials is arranged between layers and used for simulating reinforced soil.
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| CN107748135B (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2024-04-12 | 山东大学 | Soil arch effect exploration device and test method in multi-displacement mode |
| CN108072570B (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2023-09-08 | 山东大学 | Device and method for testing soil pressure of anchor plate retaining wall under different displacement modes |
| CN108507878A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-09-07 | 中铁建设集团有限公司 | A kind of soil pressure simulating test device and method |
| CN109187184B (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2020-10-27 | 江苏科技大学 | Soil pressure test demonstration system and method |
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| CN113152536B (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-09-27 | 中国建筑股份有限公司 | Method for testing and predicting reinforced retaining wall |
| CN113140149B (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2023-01-13 | 淮阴工学院 | Retaining wall soil indoor test model device and installation method thereof |
| CN113804857B (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2024-05-31 | 深圳大学 | Multi-circle shield tunnel excavation model test device based on two-dimensional particles and application method |
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| CN102914632A (en) * | 2012-10-16 | 2013-02-06 | 武汉理工大学 | Multifunctional geotechnical model test chamber |
| CN102928296B (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2015-02-04 | 河海大学 | Active and passive soil pressure damage simulation analyzer for soil body behind retaining structure |
| CN203798804U (en) * | 2014-03-11 | 2014-08-27 | 北京交通大学 | Multifunctional frozen soil retaining wall model test box |
| CN204142586U (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2015-02-04 | 广西科技大学 | Reinforced earth visual large-sized model direct shear test number adopts instrument |
| CN105113555B (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2017-02-01 | 湖南大学 | Reinforced earth retaining wall model test apparatus and method |
| CN105547847B (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2018-04-10 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Translation and the rigid retaining walls soil pressure calculation device rotated can be achieved |
| CN106193134B (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2018-06-19 | 重庆科技学院 | The model equipment of indoor rigid retaining walls finite soil Boundary Condition Effect |
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