CN106946601B - Method for fermenting and composting livestock and poultry manure - Google Patents
Method for fermenting and composting livestock and poultry manure Download PDFInfo
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- CN106946601B CN106946601B CN201710118086.1A CN201710118086A CN106946601B CN 106946601 B CN106946601 B CN 106946601B CN 201710118086 A CN201710118086 A CN 201710118086A CN 106946601 B CN106946601 B CN 106946601B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The present disclosure relates to a method for fermenting and composting livestock manure, which contains antibiotics and heavy metal ions, comprising: under the condition of electrolytic treatment, the mixed material containing the livestock and poultry manure is contacted with a composite catalyst and fermented for composting, so that organic pollutants in the livestock and poultry manure are subjected to oxidation reaction at an anode, and heavy metal ions are subjected to reduction reaction at a cathode to be converted into a precipitate, and a safe and effective organic fertilizer is obtained. The livestock manure fermentation composting method disclosed by the invention adopts an electrochemical method to assist the composting treatment process of the livestock manure, and can remove and recover heavy metals while removing antibiotics in the livestock manure; meanwhile, the composite catalyst is added into the compost materials, so that the synergistic effect on the composting process and the electrochemical reaction is achieved, the composting reaction can be effectively accelerated, and the rate of removing antibiotics and heavy metals through electrolysis is promoted, so that the aims of improving the composting efficiency and shortening the composting period are fulfilled.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the field of organic waste treatment, in particular to a method for fermenting and composting livestock and poultry manure.
Background
According to the first national pollution source census, the pollution load from agricultural non-point sources has exceeded the industry, becoming the most dominant source of pollution. Among them, the pollution of livestock and poultry breeding is the most serious.
In order to improve the treatment efficiency, fully excavate the fecal sewage resource value and reduce the culture pollution to the maximum extent, solid fecal sewage is subjected to multi-composting treatment, and liquid fecal sewage is subjected to anaerobic fermentation through a biogas facility to produce biogas and biogas manure in a large-scale farm. A third-party specialized centralized processing enterprise mainly collects the livestock and poultry manure uniformly to generate biogas or produce biogas.
From the utilization direction, the treatment and the resource utilization of the livestock and poultry manure have two main directions of energy utilization and fertilizer utilization, wherein the fertilizer utilization is a foundation, and the energy utilization is a supplement. In the aspect of fertilizer utilization, the biogas manure, organic fertilizer and the like are returned to the field for utilization, the organic matter content of soil can be improved, the problem of land basic soil fertility reduction is solved, the benefits of farmers and planters are realized, and the sustainable development of agriculture is promoted.
Conventional aerobic composting and anaerobic composting can obtain finished organic fertilizers, but because the organic fertilizer standard in China is still imperfect, antibiotics, heavy metals and the like which are added in a large amount in feed additives in livestock farms cannot be effectively removed in the composting process, and the recycling of fertilizers without antibiotic and heavy metal pollution removal to fields can cause new pollution to soil and water environments.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the disclosure is to provide a method for fermenting and composting livestock and poultry manure, which can remove antibiotics in the manure and recover heavy metals at the same time, and obviously improve the composting efficiency.
In order to achieve the above objects, the present disclosure provides a method for fermenting compost of livestock manure, which contains antibiotics and heavy metal ions, comprising: under the condition of electrolytic treatment, the mixed material containing the livestock and poultry manure is contacted with a composite catalyst and fermented and composted, so that organic pollutants in the livestock and poultry manure are subjected to oxidation reaction at an anode, and heavy metal ions are subjected to reduction reaction at a cathode and converted into a precipitate to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Optionally, the preparation method of the composite catalyst comprises: (a) mineral collection: collecting uncontaminated natural ore from the ground, said natural ore comprising an inorganic material selected from the group consisting of SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3And MgO; (b) crushing minerals: crushing the natural ore into natural ore powder with the particle size of 45 micrometers-2 nanometers; (c) purifying mineral powder: separating heavy metals and radioactive substances harmful to organisms from the natural ore powder to obtain purified natural ore powder; (d) combustion of mineral powder: burning the purified natural ore powder; (e) mixing and fermenting: mixing the burnt mineral powder with H2Mixing O and a natural plant extract composed of Gelidium amansii to obtain a mixed powder, and fermenting the mixed powder for a certain time to improve the activity of the composite catalyst and the microorganism; (f) and (3) sterilizing and drying: sterilizing and drying the fermented mixed powder; (g) culturing ceramic mixed powder: placing the dried mixed powder in a container, and adding a solution mixed with water, distilled water, magnetized water, glucose or saccharides to obtain a mixed powder solution; adding a saccharide or a culture medium for culturing the microorganism to the mixed powder solution, and culturing for 1 hour or more to obtain a culture; (h) extracting the composite catalyst, namely separating and extracting microorganisms from the culture in the step (g), and separating and extracting the composite catalyst from the microorganisms.
Optionally, the preparation method of the composite catalyst comprises: (d) the step of burning mineral powder, comprising: a first combustion process, wherein the roasting is carried out by heating for 2-3 hours at the temperature of 50-300 ℃; a second burning process, after the first burning process is finished, the natural ore powder which is burned for the first time is heated for 0.5 to 10 hours at the temperature of 300-850 ℃ for second burning; (e) step (a) ofIn the mixing process step, 60-80 wt% of burnt mineral powder pulverized into 45 μm-2 nm size, 20-30 wt% of H2Mixing O and 2-10 wt% of extract of root, stem and leaf of natural plant comprising Gelidium amansii to obtain mixed powder; (e) the fermentation process step of the step, ripening the mixed powder in a ripening bank at a temperature within-10 ℃ to 200 ℃ for 10-90 days to ferment; (f) the sterilization and drying step, sterilizing in a roasting furnace at a high temperature below 180 ℃ for 0.5-2 hours, and drying at a temperature of 150-; (g) the culture conditions for culturing the microorganisms are as follows: the culture medium containing YEM medium, TSB medium, M9 medium, and LB medium is cultured at 30-37 deg.C, and the composition constituting YEM in the culture medium contains Na2HPO4·12H2O：3.0-4.5g、K2HPO4：0.5-2.0g、MgSO4·7H2O：0.01-0.05g、NH40.2-0.7g of Cl, 3.0-5.0g of yeast extract, 10-20g of agar and 1.0L of distilled water.
Optionally, the composite catalyst is used in an amount of 0.05-2 parts by weight, relative to 100 parts by weight of the livestock manure.
Optionally, the mixed material further contains an organic carbon source substance, the amount of the organic carbon source substance is 10-100 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the livestock manure, and the organic carbon source substance is straw and/or rice hull.
Optionally, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed material is 20-35, the water content is 55-65%, and the pH is 6.5-8.5.
Optionally, the conditions of the fermentative composting comprise: aerating the mixed material, wherein the aeration frequency is 10-15 h/time, the aeration rate is 80-150L/min, and the aeration time is 0.5-2 h; the time for fermenting and composting is 120-240 h.
Optionally, the voltage intensity of the electrolytic treatment is 0.5-3.0V/cm.
Optionally, the antibiotic is selected from the group consisting of tetracycline antibiotics, quinolone antibiotics, sulfonamide antibiotics, oxytetracycline antibiotics, chlortetracycline antibiotics, and tylosinAt least one of a bacteriocin; the heavy metal ions are selected from Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Cr6+And Mn2+At least one of (1).
Optionally, the cathode is at least one selected from a graphite electrode, a platinum electrode, a carbon fiber electrode, a lead dioxide electrode and a boron-doped diamond membrane electrode; the anode is at least one selected from a platinum electrode, a carbon fiber electrode, a lead dioxide electrode and a boron-doped diamond membrane electrode.
By adopting the technical scheme, the livestock manure fermentation composting method disclosed by the invention adopts an electrochemical method to assist the composting treatment process of the livestock manure, so that heavy metals can be removed and recovered while antibiotics in the livestock manure are removed; meanwhile, the composite catalyst is added into the compost materials, so that the synergistic effect on the composting process and the electrochemical reaction is achieved, the composting reaction can be effectively accelerated, and the rate of removing antibiotics and heavy metals through electrolysis is promoted, so that the composting effect is improved, and the composting period is shortened.
Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure without limiting the disclosure. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus of an embodiment of the method for fermenting and composting livestock manure according to the present disclosure.
Description of the reference numerals
1 the anode plate 2 is a cathode plate
3 aeration device 4 DC power supply
5 mixed material 6 reactor
7 compost liquid outlet 8 air inlet
9 10 feed inlets of stirrer
11 first sampling port 12 second sampling port
13 sieve 14 stirring blade
15 discharge port 16 filtrating pool
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present disclosure is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present disclosure, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The present disclosure provides a method for fermenting and composting livestock manure, which contains antibiotics and heavy metal ions, comprising: under the condition of electrolytic treatment, the mixed material containing the livestock and poultry manure is contacted with a composite catalyst and fermented and composted, so that organic pollutants in the livestock and poultry manure are subjected to oxidation reaction at an anode, and heavy metal ions are subjected to reduction reaction at a cathode and converted into a precipitate to obtain the organic fertilizer.
The livestock manure fermentation composting method disclosed by the invention adopts an electrochemical method to assist the composting treatment process of the livestock manure, and can remove and recover heavy metals while removing antibiotics in the livestock manure; meanwhile, the composite catalyst is added into the compost materials, so that the synergistic effect on the composting process and the electrochemical reaction is achieved, the composting reaction can be effectively accelerated, and the rate of removing antibiotics and heavy metals through electrolysis is promoted, so that the composting effect is improved, and the composting period is shortened.
In further research, the inventor of the present disclosure finds that the composite catalyst can generate a synergistic effect with an electrolysis process and a composting process, and obviously improves the composting rate and the fertilizer efficiency. The composite catalyst of the present disclosure is a mineral material extract, preferably obtained by fermenting and culturing the mineral material extract, and preferably, the composite catalyst can be prepared by the following method: (a) mineral collection: collecting uncontaminated natural ore from the ground, said natural ore comprising an inorganic material selected from the group consisting of SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3And MgO; (b) crushing minerals: crushing the natural ore into natural ore powder with the particle size of 45 micrometers-2 nanometers; (c) purifying mineral powder: from the stationHeavy metals and radioactive substances harmful to organisms are separated from the natural ore powder to obtain purified natural ore powder; (d) combustion of mineral powder: burning the purified natural ore powder; (e) mixing and fermenting: mixing the burnt mineral powder with H2Mixing O and a natural plant extract composed of Gelidium amansii to obtain a mixed powder, and fermenting the mixed powder for a certain time to improve the activity of the composite catalyst and the microorganism; (f) and (3) sterilizing and drying: sterilizing and drying the fermented mixed powder; (g) culturing ceramic mixed powder: placing the dried mixed powder in a container, and adding a solution mixed with water, distilled water, magnetized water, glucose or saccharides to obtain a mixed powder solution; adding a saccharide or a culture medium for culturing the microorganism to the mixed powder solution, and culturing for 1 hour or more to obtain a culture; (h) extracting the composite catalyst, namely separating and extracting microorganisms from the culture in the step (g), and separating and extracting the composite catalyst from the microorganisms.
According to the present disclosure, the method for preparing the composite catalyst may further include: (d) the step of burning mineral powder, comprising: a first combustion process, wherein the roasting is carried out by heating for 2-3 hours at the temperature of 50-300 ℃; a second burning process, after the first burning process is finished, the natural ore powder which is burned for the first time is heated for 0.5 to 10 hours at the temperature of 300-850 ℃ for second burning; (e) in the mixing process step of the step, 60-80% by weight of burned mineral powder pulverized into 45 μm-2 nm size, 20-30% by weight of H2Mixing O and 2-10 wt% of extract of root, stem and leaf of natural plant comprising Gelidium amansii to obtain mixed powder; (e) the fermentation process step of the step, ripening the mixed powder in a ripening bank at a temperature within-10 ℃ to 200 ℃ for 10-90 days to ferment; (f) the sterilization and drying step, sterilizing in a roasting furnace at a high temperature below 180 ℃ for 0.5-2 hours, and drying at a temperature of 150-; (g) the culture conditions for culturing the microorganisms are as follows: a culture medium comprising YEM medium, TSB medium, M9 medium, and LB mediumThe culture is carried out in a range of 30-37 deg.C, and the composition constituting YEM in the culture medium contains Na2HPO4·12H2O：3.0-4.5g、K2HPO4：0.5-2.0g、MgSO4·7H2O：0.01-0.05g、NH40.2-0.7g of Cl, 3.0-5.0g of yeast extract, 10-20g of agar and 1.0L of distilled water.
The composite catalyst according to the present disclosure may also be a commercially available product, for example, from korean quantum energy company.
According to the present disclosure, the amount of the composite catalyst used may vary widely, and in order to further enhance the effect of the composite catalyst in promoting composting and to improve it, the amount of the composite catalyst used is preferably 0.05 to 2 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 0.5 part by weight, relative to 100 parts by weight of the livestock manure.
According to the present disclosure, in order to improve the effect of composting of livestock manure, the mixed material may preferably further contain an organic carbon source material, and the relative amounts of the organic carbon source material and the livestock manure may be conventional in the art, and preferably, the amount of the organic carbon source material is 10 to 100 parts by weight, more preferably 20 to 40 parts by weight, relative to 100 parts by weight of the livestock manure. The organic carbon source substance can be straw and/or rice husk.
According to the disclosure, the carbon-nitrogen ratio, the water content and the pH value of the mixed material for composting meet the conventional composting requirements in the field, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed material is preferably 20-35, more preferably 21-25; the water content is preferably 55-65, more preferably 60-64; the pH is preferably 6.5 to 8.5, more preferably 7.0 to 8.0.
According to the present disclosure, conditions of fermentation composting can be well known to those skilled in the art, and in order to further improve the composting rate and fermentation effect, aeration is preferably performed on the mixed materials during fermentation composting, the frequency of aeration can be 10-15 h/time, preferably 11-12 h/time, the aeration rate can be 80-150L/min, preferably 100-120L/min, and the aeration time can be 0.5-2h, preferably 1-1.5 h; the time for fermenting the compost can be 100-300h, preferably 120-240h, and more preferably 150-200 h.
According to the method, antibiotics and heavy metal ions in the livestock manure can be effectively removed through the electrolytic reaction to assist the composting process of the livestock manure, specifically, macromolecular organic matters in the livestock manure can be degraded into micromolecular substances which are easier to be absorbed and utilized by crops through oxidation reaction at an anode, and the antibiotics in the feed additive are degraded and removed; heavy metal ions in the livestock manure are reduced into simple substances through reduction reaction at the cathode and deposited on the surface of the cathode, so that the heavy metal ions are separated from a fermentation compost product of the livestock manure.
According to the present disclosure, the reaction conditions of the electrolytic treatment may be conventional in the art, and in order to further improve the efficiency of the method for removing organic matter and heavy metals from livestock and poultry manure, the voltage intensity of the electrolytic treatment is preferably 0.5 to 3.0V/cm, and more preferably 1.0 to 2.0V/cm.
According to the present disclosure, the cathode and anode materials for performing the electrolytic reaction may be of a conventional kind, and the cathode is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a graphite electrode, a platinum electrode, a carbon fiber electrode, a lead dioxide electrode, and a boron-doped diamond membrane electrode, and more preferably at least one of a graphite electrode, a carbon fiber electrode, and a boron-doped diamond membrane electrode; the anode is preferably at least one selected from a platinum electrode, a carbon fiber electrode, a lead dioxide electrode and a boron-doped diamond membrane electrode, and more preferably at least one selected from a platinum electrode, a lead dioxide electrode and a boron-doped diamond membrane electrode. The preferable electrode material is favorable for electrolytic reaction, and has better effect of removing antibiotics and heavy metals in the livestock and poultry manure.
According to the method of the present disclosure, the fermentation composting may be performed in a reactor with an electrolytic reaction cathode and anode, in a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, the fermentation composting is performed in a reactor as shown in fig. 1, and the method of the present disclosure for livestock manure fermentation composting may include: the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2 are fixed in the compost reactor 6 at a certain interval and connected with a direct current power supply 4. Adjusting the water content, carbon-nitrogen ratio, temperature and pH value of the compost material. The compost material is fully mixed with the mineral composite material 5 according to a certain proportion and enters the reactor from a feeding hole 10. The compost material in the reactor is aerated once every 11-12h by the aeration device 3, the aeration rate is 100-. Meanwhile, the stack body is stirred by the stirring blade 14 at the stirring speed of 12-15r/min, and the stirring frequency is 10-15min/12 h. The composite mineral material promotes the decomposition of the pile in the reactor and participates in the electrochemical reaction. Voltage is applied to the cathode and the anode to carry out constant current degradation, organic pollutants such as antibiotics and the like are degraded at the anode through electrochemistry, and pollutants such as heavy metals and the like are reduced at the cathode. Sampling was performed through the sampling ports 11 and 12 to determine the change in the course of fermentation of the heap. The compost filtrate is discharged from the compost liquid outlet 7 into a filtrate basin 16. The decomposed material is taken out from the discharge port 15.
The method disclosed by the invention can be used for treating livestock manure containing antibiotics and heavy metal ions, wherein the types of the antibiotics and the heavy metal ions can be conventional types commonly used in livestock breeding and livestock manure in the field, and preferably, the method disclosed by the invention has a better decomposition and elimination effect on at least one antibiotic selected from tetracycline antibiotics, quinolone antibiotics, sulfonamide antibiotics, terramycin antibiotics, aureomycin antibiotics and tylosin antibiotics; the method of the present disclosure is for Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Cr6+And Mn2+The reduction elimination effect of at least one of the heavy metal ions is better.
The present disclosure is further illustrated by the following examples, but is not to be construed as being limited thereby. In the following examples of the present disclosure, the composite catalyst is a composite catalyst synthesized by the above preparation method.
Example 1
This example illustrates the method of composting livestock manure according to the present disclosure.
Adopting a device shown in figure 1 to perform livestock manure fermentation composting, selecting fresh pig manure (containing tetracycline antibiotics 21.1mg/kg, arsenic ions 0.32mg/kg, chromium ions 1.63mg/kg and copper ions 11.95mg/kg) and straw as mixed materials, adjusting the ratio of livestock manure to straw according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 20-25, adding 0.3% of composite catalyst, adjusting the water content of the mixed materials to 65%, and setting the initial temperature to be circularThe ambient temperature and the pH value are 7.8, the mixed materials enter the device through the feeding hole 10, voltage is applied to the two ends of the mixed material pile in the fermentation process, so that the organic matters, antibiotics and heavy metals of the mixed material pile are subjected to electrolytic reaction and piled for 10 days, and compost filtrate is discharged from the compost liquid outlet 7 and enters the filtrate pool 16. The decomposed material is taken out from the discharge port 15 to obtain the organic fertilizer of the embodiment. The main parameters of electrochemistry are as follows: the area of the cathode and the anode is 1m2The distance between the two electrodes is 0.5m, the voltage intensity is 1V/cm, the cathode adopts a graphite electrode, and the anode adopts a platinum electrode; the required treatment time is 240h, and the water content is controlled to be about 65% during the fermentation period. The composting reactor was aerated every 12h, at a rate of 120L/min, for 1 h. Meanwhile, the stack is stirred by the stirring blade 14 at a stirring speed of 15r/min, and the stirring frequency is 10min/12 h.
Example 2
The raw materials, the device and the method of the example 1 are adopted for fermenting and composting the livestock manure, except that the dosage of the composite catalyst is 5 percent of the weight of the livestock manure.
Example 3
Livestock manure composting was performed using the feedstock, apparatus and method of example 1 except that a step of aeration of the mixed material was not included.
Example 4
Livestock manure was composted by fermentation using the raw materials, apparatus and method of example 1 except that the voltage intensity was 0.2V/cm.
Example 5
The raw materials, apparatus and method of example 1 were used for fermentation composting of poultry and livestock manure, except that the cathode was lead dioxide electrode and the anode was carbon fiber electrode.
Example 6
Livestock manure was fermented and composted using the apparatus and method of example 1, except that the livestock manure raw material contained sulfonamide antibiotics.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is illustrative of a different method of fermenting compost with livestock manure than the present disclosure.
The raw materials, apparatus and method of example 1 were used for the fermentation composting of poultry and livestock excrements, except that no composite catalyst was added to the mixed materials.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example is illustrative of a different method of fermenting compost with livestock manure than the present disclosure.
Livestock manure composting was carried out using the raw materials, apparatus and method of example 1, except that no voltage was applied across the mixed material heap.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example is illustrative of a different method of fermenting compost with livestock manure than the present disclosure.
The raw materials of example 1 were used for the fermented composting of animal and poultry feces, except that a common composting method was used, no composite catalyst was added to the mixture, and no voltage was applied across the mixed material heap.
Test example 1
The removal rates of antibiotics and heavy metals in the mixed material piles in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were measured during the fermentation composting process, and the removal rates of antibiotics and heavy metals in the organic fertilizer obtained after the composting was completed were measured, and the results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 antibiotic removal rates before and after composting for examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-3
TABLE 2 Change of water-soluble heavy metal elements before and after composting in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 3
As can be seen from the comparison of the data of examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-3, the method for fermenting and composting the livestock and poultry manure can effectively improve the degradation rate of organic matters and the removal rate of heavy metal ions in the livestock and poultry manure, and the contents of antibiotics and heavy metal ions in the organic fertilizer obtained by fermentation are obviously reduced.
The mixed material is aerated preferably in the present disclosure, the frequency of aeration is 10-15 h/time, the aeration rate is 80-150L/min, and the aeration time is 0.5-2 h; under the condition that the time for fermenting the compost is 120-240h, the antibiotics and heavy metal ions in the organic fertilizer obtained by fermenting the livestock manure by adopting the method disclosed by the invention are more thoroughly removed; under the condition that the voltage intensity of the electrolytic treatment preferred by the method is 0.5-3.0V/cm, the removal rate of antibiotics and heavy metal ions in the organic fertilizer obtained by fermenting the livestock manure by the method is higher.
The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure within the technical idea of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.
It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations will not be separately described in this disclosure.
In addition, any combination of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be made, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present disclosure, as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present disclosure.
Claims (8)
1. A method for fermenting and composting livestock manure, wherein the livestock manure contains antibiotics and heavy metal ions, and the method comprises the following steps: under the condition of electrolytic treatment, enabling the mixed material containing the livestock and poultry manure to contact with a composite catalyst and carrying out fermentation composting so as to enable organic pollutants in the livestock and poultry manure to have an oxidation reaction at an anode and enable heavy metal ions to have a reduction reaction at a cathode to be converted into a precipitate so as to obtain an organic fertilizer;
wherein the cathode is at least one selected from a graphite electrode, a platinum electrode, a carbon fiber electrode, a lead dioxide electrode and a boron-doped diamond membrane electrode; the anode is at least one selected from a platinum electrode, a carbon fiber electrode, a lead dioxide electrode and a boron-doped diamond membrane electrode;
the preparation method of the composite catalyst comprises the following steps:
(a) mineral collection: collecting uncontaminated natural ore from the ground, said natural ore comprising an inorganic material selected from the group consisting of SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3And MgO;
(b) crushing minerals: crushing the natural ore into natural ore powder with the particle size of 2 nanometers to 45 micrometers;
(c) purifying mineral powder: separating heavy metals and radioactive substances harmful to organisms from the natural ore powder to obtain purified natural ore powder;
(d) combustion of mineral powder: burning the purified natural ore powder;
(e) mixing and fermenting: mixing burned natural ore powder with H2Mixing O and a natural plant extract composed of Gelidium amansii to obtain mixed powder, and fermenting the mixed powder for a certain time;
(f) and (3) sterilizing and drying: sterilizing and drying the fermented mixed powder;
(g) culturing ceramic mixed powder: putting the dried mixed powder into a container, and adding a solution mixed with distilled water, magnetized water or saccharides to obtain a mixed powder solution; adding a saccharide or a culture medium for culturing the microorganism to the mixed powder solution, and culturing for 1 hour or more to obtain a culture;
(h) extracting the composite catalyst, namely separating and extracting microorganisms from the culture in the step (g), and separating and extracting the composite catalyst from the microorganisms.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the composite catalyst comprises: (d) the step of burning mineral powder, comprising: a first combustion process, wherein the roasting is carried out by heating for 2-3 hours at the temperature of 50-300 ℃; a second burning process, after the first burning process is finished, the natural ore powder which is burned for the first time is heated for 0.5 to 10 hours at the temperature of 300-850 ℃ for second burning;
(e) in the mixing process step of the step, 60-80% by weight of burnt natural ore powder crushed into 2 nm-45 μm size and 20-30% by weight of H2Mixing O and 2-10 wt% of extract of root, stem and leaf of natural plant comprising Gelidium amansii to obtain mixed powder;
(e) the fermentation process step of the step, ripening the mixed powder in a ripening bank at a temperature within-10 ℃ to 200 ℃ for 10-90 days to ferment;
(f) the sterilization and drying step, sterilizing in a roasting furnace at a high temperature below 180 ℃ for 0.5-2 hours, and drying at a temperature of 150-;
(g) the culture conditions for culturing the microorganisms are as follows: the culture medium containing YEM medium, TSB medium, M9 medium, and LB medium is cultured at 30-37 deg.C, and the composition constituting YEM in the culture medium contains Na2HPO4·12H2O：3.0-4.5g、K2HPO4：0.5-2.0g、MgSO4·7H2O：0.01-0.05g、NH4Cl:0.2-0.7g, 3.0-5.0g of yeast extract, 10-20g of agar and 1.0L of distilled water.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the composite catalyst is used in an amount of 0.05-2 parts by weight, relative to 100 parts by weight of the livestock manure.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mixed material further comprises an organic carbon source material, the organic carbon source material is used in an amount of 10 to 100 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the livestock manure, and the organic carbon source material is straw and/or rice husk.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon to nitrogen ratio of the mixed material is 20 to 35, the water content is 55 to 65%, and the pH is 6.5 to 8.5.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the conditions for fermentative composting comprise: aerating the mixed material, wherein the aeration frequency is 10-15 h/time, the aeration rate is 80-150L/min, and the aeration time is 0.5-2 h; the time for fermenting and composting is 120-240 h.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the voltage intensity of the electrolytic treatment is 0.5 to 3.0V/cm.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the antibiotic is at least one selected from the group consisting of tetracycline antibiotics, quinolone antibiotics, sulfonamide antibiotics, oxytetracycline antibiotics, aureomycin antibiotics, and tylosin antibiotics; the heavy metal ions are selected from Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Cr6+And Mn2+At least one of (1).
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