CN106940337A - Merge the capacitance chromatography imaging method and apparatus of microwave imaging - Google Patents
Merge the capacitance chromatography imaging method and apparatus of microwave imaging Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to capacitance data and microwave imaging data measured in a kind of capacitance chromatography imaging method for merging microwave imaging, including collection region to be imaged；And iterative algorithm and the capacitance data according to Image Reconstruction, the dielectric constant distribution of region measured matter to be imaged is obtained, wherein, the dielectric constant distribution in the iterative algorithm using the microwave imaging data conversion is used as primary iteration value.The iterative algorithm of the present invention reduces iterations, improves image taking speed；Therefore the algorithm can be applied to the process such as recirculating fluidized bed and coating, and more accurate solids loading distributed image can be obtained in real time, realize the more effective monitoring to said process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to capacitance chromatography imaging field, more particularly to a kind of capacitance chromatographic for merging microwave tomography information
Imaging method, and realize the device of above-mentioned imaging method.
Background technology
Complicated Gas-particle Flows system is widely present in the energy, pharmacy, Food processing and other chemical fields, such as recycle stream
Change the Gas-particle Flows in bed riser, material returning device, coating, granulation, drying process of pharmaceuticals industry etc..Complicated Gas-particle Flows system
Real-time monitoring to safety in production, process optimization it is significant.Capacitance chromatography imaging (Electrical Capacitance
Tomography, ECT) it is a kind of visualization electricity chromatography imaging technique in real time, zone cross-sectional to be imaged can be obtained
Gas-particle two-phase assembles information, it is possible to achieve the real-time monitoring to solids loading in flow process in fluid bed riser, material returning device,
It is widely used in the detection of complicated Gas-particle Flows system.Capacitance chromatography imaging has many advantages, such as：Simple in construction, non-intruding and non-
Contact, radiationless, image taking speed fast, high temperature high voltage resistant, low cost etc..
Image Reconstruction is the committed step of capacitance chromatography imaging process, also referred to as indirect problem, and the solution of ECT indirect problems is calculated
Method can be divided into iterative algorithm and noniterative algorithm.Conventional iterative algorithm is set to null vector due to initial value, the initial value and true
Real dielectric constant distributional difference is larger, and convergence rate slow (iterations increase) not even convergence can be caused (to be absorbed in local pole
Value).
The content of the invention
(1) technical problem to be solved
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of capacitance chromatography imaging method and apparatus, to solve above institute
At least one technical problem stated.
(2) technical scheme
According to an aspect of the present invention there is provided a kind of capacitance chromatography imaging method for merging microwave imaging, including：
S1：Gather capacitance data and microwave imaging data measured in region to be imaged；
S2：According to the iterative algorithm of Image Reconstruction and the capacitance data, the dielectric of region measured matter to be imaged is obtained
Constant is distributed, wherein, the dielectric constant distribution in the iterative algorithm using the microwave imaging data conversion is used as primary iteration
Value.
Further, in step S1, capacitance data is gathered by the capacitance tomography sensor, and pass through microwave
Tomography sensor gathers microwave imaging data.
Further, in step S1, the capacitance data metering system is：By arranging multiple around region to be imaged
Capacitance between electrode, measurement Different electrodes pair.
Further, in step S1, the microwave imaging DATA REASONING mode is：By being arranged around region to be imaged
Multiple microwave antennas, the amplitude and phase of the scattered wave that measurement microwave signal is formed after being interacted with measured matter.
Further, the step S2 includes sub-step：
S21：Obtain the Poisson's equation of capacitance tomography system；
S22：Solve the Potential Distributing that Poisson's equation obtains region to be imaged；
S23：Sensitive field distribution is calculated according to Potential Distributing；
S24：Corresponding dielectric constant distribution is converted to according to microwave imaging data, initial value is used as；
S25：Using the sensitive field distribution and initial value and the capacitance data of acquisition, image is carried out by iterative algorithm
Reconstruct.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a kind of capacitance chromatography imaging device for merging microwave imaging, including：
Capacitance tomography sensor, including multiple electrodes, the electrode array column are distributed in around region to be imaged,
Capacitance data for measuring region to be imaged；
Microwave tomography sensor, including multiple microwave antennas, the microwave antenna array are distributed in area to be imaged
Around domain, the microwave imaging data for measuring region to be imaged；
Processor, is coupled to the capacitance tomography sensor and microwave tomography sensor, obtains the electric capacity
Data and microwave imaging data, the dielectric constant point of region measured matter to be imaged is obtained using the iterative algorithm of Image Reconstruction
Cloth, wherein the dielectric constant distribution in the iterative algorithm using the microwave imaging data conversion is used as primary iteration value.
Further, the microwave tomography sensor includes：
Microwave antenna, for launching microwave and receiving scattering microwave；
Microwave detector, the amplitude and phase of the scattering microwave that detection is received.
Further, the rectangular cross-section in the region to be imaged or circle.
(3) beneficial effect
According to the above-mentioned technical solution, the beneficial effect of technical solution of the present invention is：
(1) by proposing a kind of capacitance chromatography imaging iterative algorithm for merging microwave imaging.Used during by being iterated
Initial value be distributed closer to true dielectric constant, therefore global optimum can be obtained, it is to avoid the appearance of local extremum, improved
Picture quality.
(2) iterative algorithm of invention reduces iterations, improves image taking speed；Therefore the algorithm can be applied to
The process such as recirculating fluidized bed and coating, more accurate solids loading distributed image can be obtained in real time, realized to said process
More effectively monitoring.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is conventional capacitance chromatography imaging procedure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the capacitance chromatography imaging method flow diagram of the fusion microwave imaging of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the capacitance chromatography imaging procedure schematic diagram of the fusion microwave imaging of inventive embodiments；
Fig. 4 is a kind of capacitance tomography sensor structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is another capacitance tomography sensor schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is a kind of microwave tomography sensor construction schematic diagram of inventive embodiments；
Fig. 7 is another microwave tomography sensor schematic of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
For the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are more clearly understood, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference
Accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is conventional capacitance chromatography imaging procedure schematic diagram.Shown in Fig. 1, when being iterated algorithm, initially
Value is typically arranged to null vector, and the initial value normally results in iteration time length to cause the not convergent result of iteration.
Fig. 2 is the capacitance chromatography imaging procedure figure of the fusion microwave imaging of inventive embodiments.The embodiment of the present invention
Imaging method includes step：
S1：Gather capacitance data and microwave imaging data measured in region to be imaged；
S2：According to the iterative algorithm of Image Reconstruction and the capacitance data, the dielectric of region measured matter to be imaged is obtained
Constant is distributed, wherein, primary iteration value is used as using the dielectric constant distribution that the microwave imaging is obtained in the iterative algorithm.
For step S1：For measured capacitance data, the principle of capacitance chromatography imaging is evenly arranged on tube wall
Multiple electrodes, then measure the capacitance between Different electrodes pair.The capacitance data obtained using measurement, passes through certain image
Restructing algorithm is that can obtain the dielectric constant distribution of measured matter.Dielectric constant distribution can react multiphase material concentration or
Moisture distribution, therefore can be used to carry out visualization measurement to procedure parameter.Capacitance tomography sensor gathers capacitance data,
Capacitance tomography sensor includes electrode and screen layer, by arranging multiple electrodes around region to be imaged, then measures
Capacitance between Different electrodes pair, as corresponding capacitance data.
For measured microwave imaging data, it gathers microwave imaging data by microwave tomography sensor.
Microwave tomography sensor is arranged around region to be imaged, includes microwave antenna and microwave detector, it is micro- by detecting
Wave radiation forms scattered wave with material in region to be imaged, obtains amplitude and phase, namely obtain microwave imaging data.
Fig. 3 be inventive embodiments fusion microwave imaging capacitance chromatography imaging procedure schematic diagram for step S2,
It can include many sub-steps, including：The acquisition of Poisson's equation, solve Poisson's equation obtain imaging region Potential Distributing,
Calculate sensitive field distribution, microwave imaging initial value to obtain and solution of inverse problems, essentially consist in and carry out indirect problem using iterative algorithm
During solution, the iterative value of initial dielectric constant is obtained by microwave imaging.Specifically, can include：
Sub-step S21：Obtain Poisson's equation, in capacitance tomography system maxwell equation group can be reduced to as
Lower form：
In above-mentioned equation, E represents electric-field intensity, and H represents magnetic field intensity, and D represents electric displacement vector, and ρ represents charge density,
B represents magnetic induction intensity.
Without free charge in capacitance tomography system region to be imaged, therefore ρ=0, so equation (3) is changed into
For isotropism, linear medium, electric displacement vector D, electric-field intensity E, permittivity ε meet equation
D=ε E (6)
Electric-field intensity E, potential u relation are provided by equation (7)
Simultaneous equations (5), (6), (7) can obtain Poisson's equation：
Sub-step S22：Solve Poisson's equation (8) and obtain Potential Distributing.Will using finite element method or finite difference method
Region to be imaged is divided into M × N blocks, and M, N is natural number, boundary condition of arranging in pairs or groups, and solves Poisson's equation (8).Boundary condition is usual
Setting during dependent on measurement, under normal circumstances comprising following three kinds
U (x)=V, x ∈ eex (0.10)
In formula,It is sensing system border, N is number of electrodes in sensor, and V is driving voltage, elFor l-th of electrode
Surface, eexFor exciting electrode surface,For ground connection boundary face, v represents the normal unit vector of nonmetallic boundary face.
Sub-step S23：Sensitive field distribution is calculated according to Potential Distributing：Area to be imaged can be obtained using Poisson's equation (8)
Relation in domain between potential and dielectric constant, i.e.,
U=f (ε) (12)
Driving voltage V, quantity of electric charge Q, electric capacity C meet equation
Γ is the surface of detecting electrode in formula；Simultaneous equations (12), (13) can be obtained
C=ξ (ε) (14)
It can be obtained using the Taylor's formula of the function of many variables
Due to Δ ε very littles, ignore o (Δ ε2) linearize (15), with seasonIt is final to obtain
Δ C=S Δs ε (16)
In actual calculating, due to obtainingIt is abnormal difficult, so adopting the solution for carrying out sensitivity field with the following method.
Sensitivity field element S is solved according to the Potential Distributing of acquisitionij, so as to obtain sensitive field matrix S；
Wherein uiRepresent to apply driving voltage V to electrode iiWhen discrete unit p (x, y) place Potential Distributing, ujExpression pair
Electrode j applies VjDriving voltage when discrete unit p (x, y) place Potential Distributing.
Sub-step S24：Corresponding dielectric constant distribution is converted to according to microwave imaging data, initial value is used as.Microwave layer
Analysis imaging carries out the radiation and reception of microwave by microwave antenna, and microwave antenna formation array is uniformly distributed in region week to be imaged
Enclose.The microwave signal of microwave antenna transmitting after medium (material) interaction in region to be measured with forming scattered wave, scattered wave quilt
Other antennas are received, and recycle the amplitude and phase of microwave detector measurement scattered wave, then will by corresponding method for transformation
Detect that obtained amplitude and phase are converted into the dielectric constant distribution in region to be imaged.
S25：Using the sensitive field distribution and initial value, Image Reconstruction solution of inverse problems is carried out by iterative algorithm, repeatedly
Higher-quality image can be obtained for algorithm.For iterative algorithm, iteration initial value is very big on final imaging results influence,
Rational initial value input can accelerate convergence rate, it is to avoid optimization problem is absorbed in local extremum.Conventional iterative algorithm is general
Initial value is used as using null vector.The initial value normally results in iteration time length to cause the not convergent result of iteration.Therefore,
The convergence rate of iterative algorithm is improved, picture quality is improved, it is necessary to which a kind of reasonably, containing measured matter be distributed prior information
Initial value set.
The microwave imaging initial value obtained using the sensitive field matrix S and step 4 of acquisition, coordinates appropriate iterative algorithm
Image Reconstruction is carried out, that is, solves equation (16).
(iterative algorithm includes can apply to capacitance chromatography imaging indirect problem iterative algorithm by taking Landweber algorithms as an example
Any iterative algorithm solved, the Tikhonov regularization algorithms of such as Newton-Raphson iteration or iteration), solution formula
For：
gn=P (gn-1+αnST(λ-Sgn-1)) (18)
Wherein, gnRepresent the dielectric constant distribution that n iteration is obtained, gn-1Represent the dielectric constant point that n-1 iteration is obtained
Cloth, α is relaxation factor, and λ is normalized electric capacity vector.
Wherein, ClElectric capacity, C when representing region barnyard to be imagedhRepresent electricity when region to be imaged is full of measured medium
Hold, C represents the current electric capacity in region to be imaged.
In electric capacity-microwave coupling Landweber iterative algorithms, the initial value of algorithm is the to be imaged of microwave imaging acquisition
The dielectric constant distribution in region, the initial value contains the general information of material distribution, is that a rational initial value is set, has
Beneficial to raising convergence rate and picture quality.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of capacitance chromatography imaging device for merging microwave imaging.The embodiment of the present invention is melted
The capacitance chromatography imaging device of microwave imaging is closed, including：
Capacitance tomography sensor, including multiple electrodes, the electrode array column are distributed in around region to be imaged,
Capacitance data for measuring region to be imaged；
Microwave tomography sensor, including multiple microwave antennas, the microwave antenna array are distributed in area to be imaged
Around domain, the microwave imaging data for measuring region to be imaged；And
Processor, is coupled to the capacitance tomography sensor and microwave tomography sensor, obtains the electric capacity
Data and microwave imaging data, the dielectric constant point of region measured matter to be imaged is obtained using the iterative algorithm of Image Reconstruction
Cloth, wherein the dielectric constant distribution in the iterative algorithm using the microwave imaging data conversion is used as primary iteration value.
For capacitance tomography sensor, multiple electricity around region to be imaged can be distributed in including array
Capacitance between pole, measurement Different electrodes pair, the dielectric constant point in region to be imaged can be obtained by image reconstruction algorithm
Match somebody with somebody.
The arrangement of each electrode can have many forms.Fig. 4 be the embodiment of the present invention a kind of capacitance chromatographic into
As sensor construction schematic diagram.Region 3 (section is square) to be imaged has exhausted inside external shield 1, and external shield 1
Edge tube wall 2, electrode E1, E2 ... EN is distributed between external shield 1 and insulation tube wall 2 in array, in the cross-direction uniformly
Distribution, wherein N can be taken as 8,12,16,20,24,28,32.Fig. 5 is another capacitance chromatography imaging sensing of the embodiment of the present invention
Device structural representation.The section in the region 3 to be imaged is circle, and corresponding electrode can also be distributed in external shield in array
Between 1 and insulation tube wall 2, it is distributed according to even circumferential.The shape bit length of certain single electrode is square.Electrode is preferably electrode
Piece.
For microwave imaging sensor, multiple microwaves day around region to be imaged can be distributed in including array
Line, the microwave imaging data for measuring region to be imaged.Microwave tomography sensor includes microwave antenna and microwave
Detector, microwave tomographic process is the radiation and reception that microwave is carried out by microwave antenna, and microwave antenna formation array is equal
It is even to be distributed in around region to be imaged.Scattered wave is formed after the microwave signal and medium interaction of microwave antenna transmitting, is scattered
Ripple is received by other antennas, is recycled the amplitude and phase of microwave detector measurement scattered wave, is then passed through the suitably side of conversion
Method will detect that obtained amplitude and phase are converted into the dielectric constant distribution of imaging region.
Fig. 6 is a kind of microwave tomography sensor construction schematic diagram of inventive embodiments.(section is in region 3 to be imaged
It is square) with the insulation tube wall 2 inside external shield 1, and external shield 1, microwave antenna is also distributed in external screen in array
Cover between cover 1 and insulation tube wall 2, be uniformly distributed in the cross-direction.Fig. 7 is that a kind of microwave tomography of inventive embodiments is passed
Sensor structural representation, different from Fig. 6 is that the section in region to be imaged is circle, and corresponding microwave antenna is then in circle
Circumferentially equally it is distributed on section.
For the set-up mode between capacitance tomography sensor and microwave tomography sensor, it can use
After first arranging that microwave tomography sensor, measurement microwave data terminate in region to be imaged, corresponding sensor is removed；Then
Capacitance tomography sensor is arranged, capacitance data and Image Reconstruction is carried out.
The capacitance chromatographic method and apparatus for the fusion microwave imaging that the embodiment of the present invention is proposed.Set by rational initial value
Put, accelerate convergence rate, improve image quality.
Particular embodiments described above, has been carried out further in detail to the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect
Describe in detail bright, it should be understood that the foregoing is only the present invention specific embodiment, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements done etc. should be included in the protection of the present invention
Within the scope of.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of capacitance chromatography imaging method for merging microwave imaging, it is characterised in that including：
S1：Gather capacitance data and microwave imaging data measured in region to be imaged；
S2：According to the iterative algorithm of Image Reconstruction and the capacitance data, the dielectric constant of region measured matter to be imaged is obtained
Distribution, wherein, the dielectric constant distribution in the iterative algorithm using the microwave imaging data conversion is used as primary iteration value.
2. imaging method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step S1, is passed by the capacitance chromatography imaging
Sensor gathers capacitance data, and gathers microwave imaging data by microwave tomography sensor.
3. imaging method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step S1, the capacitance data metering system is：
By arranging the capacitance between multiple electrodes, measurement Different electrodes pair around region to be imaged.
4. imaging method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step S1, the microwave imaging DATA REASONING side
Formula is：By arranging multiple microwave antennas, measurement microwave signal and shape after measured matter interaction around region to be imaged
Into scattered wave amplitude and phase.
5. imaging method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step S2 includes sub-step：
S21：Obtain the Poisson's equation of capacitance tomography system；
S22：Solve the Potential Distributing that Poisson's equation obtains region to be imaged；
S23：Sensitive field distribution is calculated according to Potential Distributing；
S24：Corresponding dielectric constant distribution is converted to according to microwave imaging data, initial value is used as；
S25：Using the sensitive field distribution and initial value and the capacitance data of acquisition, image weight is carried out by iterative algorithm
Structure.
6. a kind of capacitance chromatography imaging device for merging microwave imaging, it is characterised in that including：
Capacitance tomography sensor, including multiple electrodes, the electrode array column are distributed in around region to be imaged, are used for
Measure the capacitance data in region to be imaged；
Microwave tomography sensor, including multiple microwave antennas, the microwave antenna array are distributed in region to be imaged
Around, the microwave imaging data for measuring region to be imaged；And
Processor, is coupled to the capacitance tomography sensor and microwave tomography sensor, obtains the capacitance data
With microwave imaging data, the dielectric constant for obtaining region measured matter to be imaged using the iterative algorithm of Image Reconstruction is distributed, its
Described in dielectric constant distribution in iterative algorithm using the microwave imaging data conversion be used as primary iteration value.
7. device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the microwave tomography sensor includes：
Microwave antenna, for launching microwave and receiving scattering microwave；
Microwave detector, the amplitude and phase of the scattering microwave that detection is received.
8. device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the rectangular cross-section in the region to be imaged or circle.
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| CN107424158A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2017-12-01 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | The image binaryzation method and equipment of a kind of capacitance chromatography imaging |
| CN108652621A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-10-16 | 深圳市体医疗科技有限公司 | One kind swallowing method of real-time and its system |
| CN112050871A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-08 | 长江武汉航道工程局 | Dredger pipeline transportation passive yield meter |
| CN113885624A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-01-04 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Particle preparation regulation and control system and regulation and control method thereof |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107424158A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2017-12-01 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | The image binaryzation method and equipment of a kind of capacitance chromatography imaging |
| CN107424158B (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2019-11-26 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | A kind of image binaryzation method and equipment of capacitance chromatography imaging |
| CN108652621A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-10-16 | 深圳市体医疗科技有限公司 | One kind swallowing method of real-time and its system |
| CN112050871A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-08 | 长江武汉航道工程局 | Dredger pipeline transportation passive yield meter |
| CN112050871B (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2023-09-19 | 长江武汉航道工程局 | Pipeline conveying passive obstetric meter for dredger |
| CN113885624A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-01-04 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Particle preparation regulation and control system and regulation and control method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20170711 |