CN106940275A - A kind of falling weight impact test plate grip platform and impact velocity measuring method - Google Patents

A kind of falling weight impact test plate grip platform and impact velocity measuring method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106940275A
CN106940275A CN201710173008.1A CN201710173008A CN106940275A CN 106940275 A CN106940275 A CN 106940275A CN 201710173008 A CN201710173008 A CN 201710173008A CN 106940275 A CN106940275 A CN 106940275A
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bolt
wallboard
plate
platform
laser sensor
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CN106940275B (en
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陆晓华
徐瑀童
左洪福
邵传金
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/30Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
    • G01N3/303Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated only by free-falling weight
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02Details
    • G01N3/04Chucks
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/36Devices characterised by the use of optical means, e.g. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0032Generation of the force using mechanical means
    • G01N2203/0039Hammer or pendulum
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/04Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of falling weight impact test plate grip platform and impact velocity measuring method, including clamp structure, support lifting structure and laser sensor.Clamp structure includes plate clamping device, multi-angle rotary device and clamp bottom board;Multi-angle rotary device includes wallboard, wallboard bolt and bed bolt;Centre bore and two deep-slotted chip breakers are provided with every piece of wallboard, two deep-slotted chip breakers are symmetrical on centre bore;After wallboard bolt is all unscrewed, clamping plate arcuately groove can be rotated;Supporting lifting structure includes platform and lifting drive, and clamp bottom board can be rotated centered on bed bolt, and can be slid along vertical bar hole;Laser sensor is arranged at below the scale pan of tup periphery.The present invention can provide the clamping of fastening to composite board testpieces, moreover it is possible to realize the Multi-angle impact to testpieces, while can also in real time be measured the velocity variations in drop hammer whereabouts and impact process.

Description

A kind of falling weight impact test plate grip platform and impact velocity measuring method
Technical field
The present invention relates to material mechanical performance testing field, particularly a kind of falling weight impact test with plate grip platform and Impact velocity measuring method.
Background technology
At present in composite materials property test process, the impact resistance of composite is carried out test be must not Can be less.Test assessment is carried out to the impact resistance of composite, composite board testpieces need to typically be fallen Hammering blow is tested.In falling weight impact test, it is desirable to realize the fixed clamp to plate test part, and gather the dropping process that drops hammer And the Velocity-time change curve in impact process.
In existing general composite board drop impact test, dropping hammer in drop impact device be all to fall vertically Under, the center of clamping test specimen on the testing stand of frontal impact drop impact device, so as to study material for test in front Residual intensity after the mechanical response at impact moment and impact, the shock resistance for assessment material.This drop impact dress Put after clamping test specimen, can only mostly realize that frontal impact is tested, it is difficult to realize falling for multi-angle on a drop impact device Hammering blow is tested;Meanwhile, clamping device is typically fixedly installed on drop impact device, can only mostly realize test specimen fixed position Impact, be difficult to realize different impact positions impact.
Meanwhile, in existing composite board falling weight impact test, typically all using grating or laser inspection At point collection impact two time points of moment, the average speed of this section is calculated using time variation amount as impact spot speed, then Impulsive force-the time changing curve measured with reference to force snesor, is calculated by force equation and draws impact process medium velocity-time Change curve.This method is calculated due to being the average speed calculated, and by light, two kinds of the power sensor of sensor two Precision is relatively low, and calculating process is complicated.It is lateral due to have that angle brings in addition, when carrying out impact test with angle Power and friction effects, have a strong impact on the measurement accuracy of force snesor, and build up speed-acquisition the difficulty of time changing curve.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to be directed to above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, and provides a kind of falling weight impact test Plate grip platform is used, the falling weight impact test plate grip platform can provide the folder of fastening to composite board testpieces Hold, moreover it is possible to realize the Multi-angle impact to testpieces, while can also be carried out to the velocity variations in drop hammer whereabouts and impact process Measurement in real time.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
A kind of falling weight impact test plate grip platform, including clamp structure, support lifting structure and laser velocimeter device.
Clamp structure includes plate clamping device, multi-angle rotary device and clamp bottom board.
Plate clamping device includes clamping plate and intermediate plate;Clamping plate is provided centrally with test specimen punching groove, and intermediate plate is arranged at test specimen punching On the clamping plate for hitting groove both sides, intermediate plate is detachably connected with clamping plate.
Multi-angle rotary device includes wallboard, wallboard bolt and bed bolt;Clamping plate both sides respectively set one piece of wallboard, Every piece of wallboard is vertically arranged, and every piece of wallboard bottom is fixedly connected with clamp bottom board;Centre bore is provided with every piece of wallboard With two deep-slotted chip breakers, two deep-slotted chip breakers are symmetrical on centre bore;Being each provided with one in centre bore and each deep-slotted chip breaker is used for The wallboard bolt that wallboard and clamping plate are detachably connected, the wallboard bolt in deep-slotted chip breaker arcuately groove can slide and lock; After wallboard bolt is all unscrewed, clamping plate arcuately groove can be rotated.
Supporting lifting structure includes platform and lifting drive, and platform can carry out height in the presence of lifting drive Degree lifting;Vertical bar hole is provided with along its length in the middle part of platform, and clamp bottom board is detachably connected by bed bolt with platform;Bottom The head of crab bolt is located above clamp bottom board, and the bar portion of bed bolt sequentially passes through clamp bottom board and vertical bar hole, and can be along straight Bar hole slides and is locked;After bed bolt is unscrewed, clamp bottom board can be rotated centered on bed bolt, and can edge Vertical bar hole slides.
Drop hammer and be arranged on the top of clamp structure, drop hammer including the counterweight sequentially coaxially set from top to bottom, scale pan and Tup;Scale pan is fixedly connected with tup, and the test specimen punching groove on clamping plate is pointed in tup bottom.
Laser velocimeter device includes laser sensor and the computer being connected with laser sensor, and laser sensor is set Below the scale pan positioned at tup periphery.
Each deep-slotted chip breaker is 1/4 arc groove.
Angle index line is provided with least one deep-slotted chip breaker.
The lifting drive includes pedestal, screw mandrel, hinge and hinge drive device, screw mandrel at least two, every The middle part of screw mandrel is threadedly coupled with platform, and the bottom of every screw mandrel is rotated with pedestal to be connected, and hinge is connected with all screw mandrels Connect, hinge drives all screw mandrel synchronous axial systems under the driving of hinge drive device.
The hinge drive device is handle or motor.
The present invention also provides the measuring method that a kind of use falling weight impact test carries out impact velocity with plate grip platform, The measuring method that impact velocity is carried out with plate grip platform using falling weight impact test can be to composite board testpieces The clamping of fastening is provided, moreover it is possible to realize the Multi-angle impact to testpieces, while can also be in drop hammer whereabouts and impact process Velocity variations are measured in real time.
A kind of use falling weight impact test carries out the measuring method of impact velocity, including following step with plate grip platform Suddenly.
Step 1, podium level is adjusted:Start lifting drive, reduce podium level.
Step 2, testpieces is clamped:Above the square groove that composite board code test part is placed on to clamping plate, pass through Intermediate plate and clamping plate fastening bolt clamp testpieces.
Step 3, angle of attack is adjusted:First, as needed, the angle of attack a of this experiment is determined;Then, institute is unscrewed Have after wallboard bolt, rotation clamping plate to angle a, tighten wallboard bolt.
Step 4, shock point position is marked:First as needed, the impact position in this experiment is determined;Then, with examination Part center position is tested for origin, now, the origin is pointed in tup bottom;Then, the polar coordinates of note shock point position are(M, n), and shock point position is labeled with marking pen on testpieces.
Step 5, shock point position adjustment:Unscrew bed bolt, clamp bottom board is moved to the left apart from m, rear dextrorotation Gyration n, the shock point position for marking step 4 faces the underface of tup.
Step 6, tup is overlapped with shock point position:Start lifting drive, high platform highly, until testpieces connects Tup is contacted, and the shock point position for making the contact surface of tup and sheet material be marked with step 4 coincides, and then tightens base plate spiral shell Bolt.
Step 7, laser sensor position adjustment:Laser sensor is placed on pedestal, laser sensor is opened and leads to Cross data wire to transfer data in computer, adjustment laser sensor position makes laser sensor be located at the weight of tup periphery Below code-disc.
Step 8, laser velocimeter:By laser sensor zeros data, impact test is carried out;Laser sensor will be to impacting Cheng Zhong, the instantaneous velocity of scale pan is measured in real time, and computer will automatically record and draw impact velocity and time graph.
After the present invention is using said structure and method, the clamping of fastening can not only be provided to composite board testpieces, And the Multi-angle impact to testpieces can be realized, the impact position of testpieces can also be adjusted after testpieces fastening It is whole, improve flexibility and the convenience of test operation.In addition, by the design to jig platform structure, installing laser sensing Device, gathers the velocity variations in the dropping process that drops hammer, and avoid dropping hammer down in real time in the way of laser from bottom to top directive tup Laser sensor is collided during falling, the real-time measurement to drop hammer whereabouts and the change of impact process medium velocity is realized, improves Measurement convenience, improves accuracy of measurement, and avoid the speed brought with angle impacts by single-sensor data The problem of degree-time changing curve obtains difficult.Specific effect analysis is as follows:
1. the assembling of hole slot on the threaded rod and left and right wallboard that are protruded by upper and lower clamping plate, it is possible to achieve plate clamping device 0- Rotation in the range of 90 degree, by rotating plate clamping device, it is possible to achieve any angle of attack falls in the range of 0-90 degree Hammering blow;
2. the assembling of the peaceful director's bar shaped hole slot of the screw rod protruded by bottom base plate, it is possible to achieve the translation and rotation of clamp structure Turn, by adjusting translation distance and the anglec of rotation, it is possible to achieve to the drop impact of surface of test piece optional position;
3. the velocity variations of impact process are measured compared to using the combination by grating sensor and force snesor, using list One laser sensor, improves experiment reliability;
4. compared to the average speed gathered using grating sensor in impact instant of time interval, in conjunction with force sensor data The method for calculating impact process speed is pushed over by force equation, speed measured in real time using laser sensor, is reduced The difficulty of experimental data processing, improves measurement accuracy;
5. two parts above and below by the way that casing is divided into, effectively prevent the collision to laser sensor in the dropping process that drops hammer, carry High experimental safe;
6. adjusting the space of upper lower box by using hoistable platform, the replacing dismounting of testpieces is facilitated, laser is facilitated The installation of sensor.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows a kind of structural representation of falling weight impact test plate grip platform of the invention.
Fig. 2 shows the top view that the present invention drops hammer.
Fig. 3 shows the front view that the present invention drops hammer.
Wherein have:1. intermediate plate;2. clamping plate;21. test specimen punching groove;3. clamping plate fastening bolt;4. wallboard;41. centre bore; 42. deep-slotted chip breaker;5. drop hammer;51. tup;52. scale pan;53. counterweight;54. hammer stem;55. nut;6. wallboard bolt;7. fixture Base plate;8. platform;81. vertical bar hole;9. bed bolt;10. leading screw;11. hinge;12. handle;13. laser sensor;14. case Body;141. pedestals.
Embodiment
The present invention is further detailed explanation with specific better embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of falling weight impact test plate grip platform, including clamp structure, support lifting structure and Laser velocimeter device.
Clamp structure includes plate clamping device, multi-angle rotary device and clamp bottom board 7.
Plate clamping device includes intermediate plate 1, clamping plate 2 and clamping plate fastening bolt 3.
The thickness at least 20mm of clamping plate 2, recommended size is 25mm, and the center of clamping plate 2 is provided with test specimen punching groove 21, test specimen punching It is preferably the square groove that 150mm*100mm depth is 4mm to hit groove 21.
Intermediate plate is arranged on the clamping plate of test specimen punching groove both sides, and intermediate plate is detachably connected with clamping plate.Every intermediate plate is preferably equal Intermediate plate is threadedly coupled with clamping plate by three clamping plate fastening bolts.
Multi-angle rotary device includes wallboard 4, wallboard bolt 6 and bed bolt 9.
Clamping plate both sides respectively set one piece of wallboard, and every piece of wallboard is vertically arranged, and every piece of wallboard bottom is solid with clamp bottom board 7 Fixed connection, is preferably welded.
Centre bore 41 and two deep-slotted chip breakers 42 are provided with every piece of wallboard, two deep-slotted chip breakers are symmetrical on centre bore;In A wallboard bolt for being used to wallboard and clamping plate being detachably connected is each provided with heart hole and each deep-slotted chip breaker, positioned at arc Wallboard bolt in groove arcuately groove can slide and lock;After wallboard bolt is all unscrewed, clamping plate arcuately groove can be revolved Turn.
Each deep-slotted chip breaker is both preferably 1/4 arc groove, and also as clamping plate arcuately can carry out 90 ° of rotation by groove.
Further, it is provided with angle index line at least one deep-slotted chip breaker.
Supporting lifting structure includes platform 8 and lifting drive, and platform can be carried out in the presence of lifting drive Lift in height.
Vertical bar hole 81 is provided with along its length in the middle part of platform, and clamp bottom board is detachably connected by bed bolt with platform Connect;The head of bed bolt is located above clamp bottom board, and the bar portion of bed bolt sequentially passes through clamp bottom board and vertical bar hole, and energy Slide and be locked along vertical bar hole;After bed bolt is unscrewed, clamp bottom board can be rotated centered on bed bolt, and It can be slid along vertical bar hole.
Drop hammer and be arranged on the top of clamp structure, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, drop hammer including sequentially coaxially setting from top to bottom Counterweight 53, scale pan 52 and tup 51.
Tup is preferably wholely set with hammer stem 54, and scale pan is fixedly connected with tup, and counterweight is sleeved on scale pan On the hammer stem of side;Point to the test specimen punching groove on clamping plate in tup bottom.
Above-mentioned lifting drive preferably includes pedestal 141, screw mandrel 10, hinge 11 and hinge drive device.
Pedestal 141 is preferably the base plate of casing 14, casing 14 up and down after five faces be sealing surface, before be open Face, platform 8 preferably by casing 14 be divided into above and below two parts, effectively prevent and laser sensor is touched in the dropping process that drops hammer Hit, improve experimental safe.
It it is preferably two in screw mandrel at least two, the present invention.
The middle part of every screw mandrel is threadedly coupled with platform, and the bottom of every screw mandrel rotates with pedestal and be connected, hinge and All screw mandrels are connected, and hinge drives all screw mandrel synchronous axial systems under the driving of hinge drive device.
The hinge drive device is handle 12 or motor etc., and hinge is around leading screw and handle formation triangular shape;Leading screw with Platform is threadedly coupled.
Laser velocimeter device includes laser sensor 13 and the computer being connected with laser sensor, and laser sensor is set Below the scale pan for being placed on tup periphery.Laser sensor includes Laser emission end and laser pick-off end.
A kind of use falling weight impact test carries out the measuring method of impact velocity, including following step with plate grip platform Suddenly.
Step 1, podium level is adjusted:Start lifting drive, reduce podium level.
Step 2, testpieces is clamped:Above the square groove that composite board code test part is placed on to clamping plate, pass through Intermediate plate and clamping plate fastening bolt clamp testpieces.
Composite board code test part is preferably dimensioned to be 150mm*100mm*5mm.
Step 3, angle of attack is adjusted:First, as needed, the angle of attack a of this experiment is determined;Then, institute is unscrewed Have after wallboard bolt, rotation clamping plate to angle a, tighten wallboard bolt.
Step 4, shock point position is marked:First as needed, the impact position in this experiment is determined;Then, with examination Part center position is tested for origin, now, the origin is pointed in tup bottom;Then, the polar coordinates of note shock point position are(M, n), and shock point position is labeled with marking pen on testpieces.
Step 5, shock point position adjustment:Unscrew bed bolt, clamp bottom board is moved to the left apart from m, rear dextrorotation Gyration n, the shock point position for marking step 4 faces the underface of tup.
Step 6, tup is overlapped with shock point position:Start lifting drive, high platform highly, until testpieces connects Tup is contacted, and the shock point position for making the contact surface of tup and sheet material be marked with step 4 coincides, and then tightens base plate spiral shell Bolt.
Step 7, laser sensor position adjustment:Laser sensor is placed on pedestal, laser sensor is opened and leads to Cross data wire to transfer data in computer, adjustment laser sensor position makes laser sensor be located at the weight of tup periphery Below code-disc.
Step 8, laser velocimeter:By laser sensor zeros data, impact test is carried out;Laser sensor will be to impacting Cheng Zhong, the instantaneous velocity of scale pan is measured in real time, and computer will automatically record and draw impact velocity and time graph.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention described in detail above, still, the present invention are not limited in above-mentioned embodiment Detail, in the range of the technology design of the present invention, a variety of equivalents can be carried out to technical scheme, this A little equivalents belong to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of falling weight impact test plate grip platform, it is characterised in that:Including clamp structure, support lifting structure and sharp Flash ranging speed variator;
Clamp structure includes plate clamping device, multi-angle rotary device and clamp bottom board;
Plate clamping device includes clamping plate and intermediate plate;Clamping plate is provided centrally with test specimen punching groove, and intermediate plate is arranged at test specimen punching groove On the clamping plate of both sides, intermediate plate is detachably connected with clamping plate;
Multi-angle rotary device includes wallboard, wallboard bolt and bed bolt;Clamping plate both sides respectively set one piece of wallboard, every piece Wallboard is vertically arranged, and every piece of wallboard bottom is fixedly connected with clamp bottom board;Centre bore and two are provided with every piece of wallboard Individual deep-slotted chip breaker, two deep-slotted chip breakers are symmetrical on centre bore;One is each provided with centre bore and each deep-slotted chip breaker is used for wall The wallboard bolt that plate is detachably connected with clamping plate, the wallboard bolt in deep-slotted chip breaker arcuately groove can slide and lock;Work as wall After crab bolt is all unscrewed, clamping plate arcuately groove can be rotated;
Supporting lifting structure includes platform and lifting drive, and platform can carry out height liter in the presence of lifting drive Drop;Vertical bar hole is provided with along its length in the middle part of platform, and clamp bottom board is detachably connected by bed bolt with platform;Base plate spiral shell The head of bolt is located above clamp bottom board, and the bar portion of bed bolt sequentially passes through clamp bottom board and vertical bar hole, and can be along vertical bar hole Slide and be locked;After bed bolt is unscrewed, clamp bottom board can be rotated centered on bed bolt, and can be along vertical bar Hole slides;
Drop hammer and be arranged on the top of clamp structure, drop hammer including the counterweight, scale pan and tup sequentially coaxially set from top to bottom; Scale pan is fixedly connected with tup, and the test specimen punching groove on clamping plate is pointed in tup bottom;
Laser velocimeter device includes laser sensor and the computer being connected with laser sensor, and laser sensor is arranged at position Below the scale pan of tup periphery.
2. falling weight impact test according to claim 1 plate grip platform, it is characterised in that:Each deep-slotted chip breaker is 1/4 arc groove.
3. falling weight impact test according to claim 1 plate grip platform, it is characterised in that:At least one arc Angle index line is provided with groove.
4. falling weight impact test according to claim 1 plate grip platform, it is characterised in that:The lifting driving dress Put including pedestal, screw mandrel, hinge and hinge drive device, screw mandrel at least two, the middle part of every screw mandrel with platform screw thread Connection, the bottom of every screw mandrel is rotated with pedestal to be connected, and hinge is connected with all screw mandrels, and hinge is in hinge drive device Under driving, all screw mandrel synchronous axial systems are driven.
5. falling weight impact test according to claim 4 plate grip platform, it is characterised in that:The hinge driving dress It is set to handle or motor.
6. falling weight impact test described in a kind of usage right requirement 1 carries out the measuring method of impact velocity with plate grip platform, It is characterized in that:Comprise the following steps:
Step 1, podium level is adjusted:Start lifting drive, reduce podium level;
Step 2, testpieces is clamped:Above the square groove that composite board code test part is placed on to clamping plate, pass through intermediate plate Testpieces is clamped with clamping plate fastening bolt;
Step 3, angle of attack is adjusted:First, as needed, the angle of attack a of this experiment is determined;Then, all walls are unscrewed After crab bolt, rotation clamping plate to angle a, wallboard bolt is tightened;
Step 4, shock point position is marked:First as needed, the impact position in this experiment is determined;Then, with testpieces Center position is origin, now, and the origin is pointed in tup bottom;Then, the polar coordinates of note shock point position are(M, n), and Shock point position is labeled with marking pen on testpieces;
Step 5, shock point position adjustment:Unscrew bed bolt, clamp bottom board is moved to the left apart from m, rear dextrorotation corner N is spent, the shock point position for marking step 4 faces the underface of tup;
Step 6, tup is overlapped with shock point position:Start lifting drive, high platform highly, until testpieces touches Tup, and the shock point position for making the contact surface of tup and sheet material be marked with step 4 coincides, and then tightens bed bolt;
Step 7, laser sensor position adjustment:Laser sensor is placed on pedestal, laser sensor is opened and passes through number Transferred data to according to line in computer, adjustment laser sensor position makes laser sensor be located at the scale pan of tup periphery Lower section;
Step 8, laser velocimeter:By laser sensor zeros data, impact test is carried out;Laser sensor will be to impact process In, the instantaneous velocity of scale pan is measured in real time, and computer will automatically record and draw impact velocity and time graph.
CN201710173008.1A 2017-03-22 2017-03-22 Plate clamp platform for drop hammer impact test and impact speed measuring method Active CN106940275B (en)

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