CN106939385B - A kind of full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22C—ALLOYS
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Abstract
A kind of full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof, the ingredient and mass percentage composition of the full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy are：Mg 0.4~0.6%, Si 0.6~0.9%, Li 0.5~0.7%, Zr 0.01~0.02%, C 0.002~0.004%, RE 0.03~0.05%, Fe≤0.15%, Mn≤0.1%, surplus are Al and inevitable impurity, impurity is single≤and 0.05%, total amount≤0.15%.The full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy of the present invention has the characteristics that intensity is high, plasticity is good, corrosion-resistant and welding performance is excellent, it is suitable for manufacturing compartment, car body, sleeper beam, the crossbeam etc. of the full aluminium trailer such as van-type, container-type, oil tank formula, breast board formula, storehouse grating, has a vast market application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aluminum alloy technology, it is specifically related to a kind of full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Trailer refers to by vehicle traction and the vehicle of unpowered driving device itself, is divided into full trailor and semitrailer.Trailer
It is the important car type of highway transportation, common trailer includes breast board formula trailer, flat platform trailer, low flat-plate trailer, storehouse grating extension
Vehicle, van-type tailer, container-type trailer, dumper trailer, oil tank formula trailer, bulk cement formula trailer and vehicle transport formula trailer
Deng.Conventional trailer is mainly manufactured with steel material, though steel material has the characteristics that intensity is high, big, corrosion resistance that there are weight
The disadvantages of poor, lead to that trailer oil consumption is big, discharge amount is big, the service life is short, maintenance cost is high.Aluminium alloy has density small, resistance to
The advantages that corrosion, with the light-weighted development of trailer, compartment, car body, sleeper beam, crossbeam of trailer etc. all there is an urgent need to it is high-intensitive,
Corrosion-resistant, welding performance and the excellent aluminium alloy of forming property substitute existing steel material, to reach the light of body structure
The purpose of quantization and energy-saving and emission-reduction.So-called full aluminium trailer, that is, trailer main component is aluminium alloy structure, compartment, vehicle such as trailer
Body, sleeper beam, crossbeam etc..
6xxx line aluminium alloy belongs to the heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy of moderate strength, be widely used in building, packaging, machinery,
The fields such as electronics.But the 6xxx line aluminium alloy of the trades mark such as currently used 6101,6005,6063,6061, although having good
Forming property, corrosion resistance and welding performance, but Mg, Si content are lower, intensity is also universal lower, and tensile strength is usually small
In 300MPa, it is unable to satisfy requirement of the full aluminium trailer lightweight to intensity of aluminum alloy.With Mg, Si element in 6xxx line aluminium alloy
The raising of content, Mg2The quantity of Si hardening constituent increases, and the intensity of alloy increases.But with the rising of alloy strength, alloy
Plasticity begin to decline, forming property, corrosion resistance and welding performance also start to degenerate, and are unable to satisfy full aluminium trailer light weight
Change development to aluminium alloy forming property, corrosion-resistant and welding performance requirement.Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a kind of high-intensitive, resistance to
Burn into welding performance and the excellent aluminium alloy of forming property meet the complete light-weighted demand for development of aluminium trailer.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to there are problem and shortage, provided for above-mentioned a kind of intensity is high, plasticity is good, it is corrosion-resistant,
The excellent full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof of welding performance.
The technical proposal of the invention is realized in this way：
Full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy of the present invention, its main feature is that by following component and mass percentage composition：Mg
0.4~0.6%, Si 0.6~0.9%, Li 0.5~0.7%, Zr 0.01~0.02%, C 0.002~0.004%, RE 0.03~
0.05%, Fe≤0.15%, Mn≤0.1%, surplus are Al and inevitable impurity, impurity is single≤and 0.05%, total amount≤
0.15%, wherein the RE at being grouped as and mass percent is：Pr 11.7%, Nd 24.5%, Pm 8.5%, Sm 27.1%,
Eu 2.4%, Gd 25.8%.
Preferably, full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy of the present invention, by following component and mass percentage composition：Mg
0.5%, Si 0.8%, Li 0.6%, Zr 0.015%, C 0.003%, RE 0.04%, Fe≤0.15%, Mn≤0.1%, surplus are
Al and inevitable impurity, impurity is single≤0.05%, total amount≤0.15%, wherein the RE at being grouped as and quality percentage
Than for：Pr 11.7%, Nd 24.5%, Pm 8.5%, Sm 27.1%, Eu 2.4%, Gd 25.8%.
The preparation method of full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy of the present invention, its main feature is that including the following steps：
The first step：Select technical pure aluminium ingot, pure magnesium ingot, instant silicon, Al10Li alloy, Al5Zr1C alloy and mischmetal
RE is as raw material；
Second step：Fine aluminium ingot is melted in 720~760 DEG C of heating, and is added and accounts for raw material total weight as 0.4~0.6%
Pure magnesium ingot, 0.6~0.9% instant silicon and 5~7% Al10Li alloy, stirring are fused into aluminum alloy melt；
Third step：After aluminum alloy melt refining degasification slagging-off, adding and accounting for raw material total weight is 0.2~0.4%
Al5Zr1C alloy and 0.03~0.05% mixed rare earth, stirring enable aluminum alloy to liquid ingredient it is uniform；
4th step：Aluminum alloy melt is cooled to 680~720 DEG C and stands 0.5~1 hour, is then cast as aluminium alloy；
5th step：By aluminium alloy 520~540 DEG C solution treatment 3~5 hours, after water quenching, at 170~180 DEG C of timeliness
Reason 8~12 hours, obtains full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy after furnace cooling.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the following advantages that：
The room temperature tensile intensity of the full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy of the present invention is greater than 320MPa, and yield strength is greater than 280MPa, stretches
Long rate is greater than 12%, has the characteristics that intensity is high, plasticity is good, corrosion-resistant and welding performance is excellent, is suitable for manufacturing van-type, packaging
Compartment, car body, sleeper beam, the crossbeam etc. of the full aluminium trailer such as box, oil tank formula, breast board formula, storehouse grating, have a vast market application
Prospect.
Specific embodiment
To make the purpose of the present invention, technical solution and effect clearer, clear and definite, the present invention is made below further detailed
It describes in detail bright.
Full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy of the present invention, by following component and mass percentage composition：Mg 0.4~0.6%,
Si 0.6~0.9%, Li 0.5~0.7%, Zr 0.01~0.02%, C 0.002~0.004%, RE 0.03~0.05%, Fe≤
0.15%, Mn≤0.1%, surplus are Al and inevitable impurity, impurity is single≤and 0.05%, total amount≤0.15%.
Preferably, the ingredient of the full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy and mass percentage composition are：Mg 0.5%, Si 0.8%,
Li 0.6%, Zr 0.015%, C 0.003%, RE 0.04%, Fe≤0.15%, Mn≤0.1%, surplus is for Al and inevitably
Impurity, impurity is single≤and 0.05%, total amount≤0.15%.
The RE at being grouped as and mass percent is：Pr 11.7%, Nd 24.5%, Pm 8.5%, Sm 27.1%, Eu
2.4%, Gd 25.8%.
Wherein, Mg and Si is the main alloy element of full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy of the invention, and Mg and Si are by forming Mg2Si
Hardening constituent mutually enhances the intensity of aluminium alloy.The content of Mg and Si is higher, Mg2The quantity of Si hardening constituent is also more, aluminium alloy
Intensity is also higher.But with the rising of alloy strength, plasticity is begun to decline, forming property, corrosion resistance, welding performance and oxygen
Change tinctorial property also to start to degenerate.In order to guarantee that alloy has enough intensity, plasticity and good corrosion resistance, welding
Performance and heat-tinting performance, therefore, the selection of Mg content are selected in 0.4~0.6%, Si content 0.6~0.9%, it is preferred that Mg
Content is that 0.5%, Si content is 0.8%.
Li is most light metallic element, in full aluminium trailer with Li is added in aluminium alloy, can reduce the close of aluminium alloy first
Degree, improves the specific strength and specific stiffness of aluminium alloy, reaches light-weighted effect.Followed by Li is gone back in the ag(e)ing process of aluminium alloy
The Al of nano-scale can be precipitated3Li and Al2MgLi hardening constituent, these hardening constituents can improve aluminium with pinning dislocation, subgrain and crystal boundary
Intensity, plasticity and the welding performance of alloy.The Li of addition 0.5~0.7% can generate apparent strengthening effect to aluminium alloy, excellent
Choosing, Li additive amount is 0.6%.
Zr, C are added in aluminium alloy in the form of Al5Zr1C alloy, and Al5Zr1C alloy is by potassium fluorozirconate and carbon dust
Mixture react to obtain with molten aluminum, inside contain a large amount of ZrC particle.Al5Zr1C alloy is that a kind of novel aluminium alloy is brilliant
Grain fining agent, inventor experimental results demonstrate, the existing Al5Ti1B and Al5Ti1C alloy of Al5Zr1C alloy ratio have it is stronger
Grain refining capability, the Al5Zr1C alloy of addition 0.2~0.4% contains 0.01~0.02% Zr and 0.002 in aluminium alloy
~0.004% C, can significant refining aluminum alloy crystal grain, improve the structural homogenity of aluminium alloy, improve aluminium alloy plasticity and
Forming property, it is preferred that Al5Zr1C alloy addition level is 0.2%, in aluminium alloy containing 0.015% Zr and 0.003% C.
RE is the mischmetal containing Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd totally six kinds of light rare earth elements, the physics of light rare earth elements
Chemical property is active, can react with impurity elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, chromium in aluminum alloy melt and generate high-melting-point, height
The rare earth compound of stability has deep purifying effect to aluminum alloy melt, can eliminate the adverse effect of impurity element, while dilute
There are also solution strengthening and rare earth compound second-phase strengths to act on for earth elements, so as to further increase aluminium alloy intensity,
Corrosion resistance and welding performance.The experimental study of inventor shows that addition is totally six kinds light dilute containing Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd
The effect of the mixed light rare earth of earth elements is all more preferable than the effect for adding a kind of or a few light rare earth elements, therefore, selection
The mixed light rare earth of addition 0.03~0.05%, it is preferred that mixed light rare earth additive amount is 0.04%.
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of the full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy, specifically include following steps：
The first step：Select technical pure aluminium ingot, pure magnesium ingot, instant silicon, Al10Li alloy, Al5Zr1C alloy and mischmetal
RE is as raw material；
Second step：Fine aluminium ingot is melted in 720~760 DEG C of heating, and is added and accounts for raw material total weight as 0.4~0.6%
Pure magnesium ingot, 0.6~0.9% instant silicon and 5~7% Al10Li alloy, stirring are fused into aluminum alloy melt；
Third step：After aluminum alloy melt refining degasification slagging-off, adding and accounting for raw material total weight is 0.2~0.4%
Al5Zr1C alloy and 0.03~0.05% mixed rare earth, stirring enable aluminum alloy to liquid ingredient it is uniform；
4th step：Aluminum alloy melt is cooled to 680~720 DEG C and stands 0.5~1 hour, is then cast as aluminium alloy；
5th step：By aluminium alloy 520~540 DEG C solution treatment 3~5 hours, after water quenching, at 170~180 DEG C of timeliness
Reason 8~12 hours, obtains full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy after furnace cooling.
Preparation method of the invention selects technical pure aluminium ingot, pure magnesium ingot, instant silicon, Al10Li alloy, Al5Zr1C alloy
With mixed rare earth as raw material, by optimizing the content of Mg, Si main alloying element, addition Al10Li alloy carries out microalloy
Strengthen, after refined degasification, slagging-off, add Al5Zr1C alloy and mixed light rare earth RE, Al5Zr1C conjunction can be given full play to
Gold and mixed light rare earth RE act on the crystal grain refinement and deep purifying of aluminum alloy melt, it is ensured that the full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy of the present invention
Obtain high-intensitive, high-ductility and excellent forming property, corrosion resistance, welding performance and heat-tinting performance.
In order to more describe full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy of the present invention and preparation method thereof in detail, it is exemplified below several embodiments
It is further described.
Embodiment 1：
Full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy of the present invention, by following component and mass percentage composition：Mg 0.4%, Si
0.6%, Li 0.5%, Zr 0.01%, C 0.002%, RE 0.03%, Fe≤0.15%, Mn≤0.1%, surplus are Al and can not keep away
The impurity exempted from, impurity is single≤0.05%, total amount≤0.15%, wherein the RE at being grouped as and mass percent is：Pr
11.7%, Nd 24.5%, Pm 8.5%, Sm 27.1%, Eu 2.4%, Gd 25.8%.Preparation method comprises the steps of：
The first step：Select technical pure aluminium ingot, pure magnesium ingot, instant silicon, Al10Li alloy, Al5Zr1C alloy and mischmetal
RE is as raw material；
Second step：Fine aluminium ingot is melted in 720 DEG C of heating, and be added account for raw material total weight be 0.4% pure magnesium ingot,
0.6% instant silicon and 5% Al10Li alloy, stirring be fused into aluminum alloy melt；
Third step：After carrying out refining degasification slagging-off to aluminum alloy melt with carbon trichloride, adds and account for raw material total weight and be
0.2% Al5Zr1C alloy and 0.03% mixed rare earth, the ingredient that stirring enables aluminum alloy to liquid are uniform；
4th step：Aluminum alloy melt is cooled to 680 DEG C and stands 1 hour, is then cast as aluminium alloy；
5th step：By aluminium alloy 520 DEG C solution treatment 5 hours, after water quenching, 180 DEG C ageing treatment 8 hours, with furnace
Full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy is obtained after cooling.
Embodiment 2：
Full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy of the present invention, by following component and mass percentage composition：Mg 0.5%, Si
0.8%, Li 0.6%, Zr 0.015%, C 0.003%, RE 0.04%, Fe≤0.15%, Mn≤0.1%, surplus are Al and can not
The impurity avoided, impurity is single≤0.05%, total amount≤0.15%, wherein the RE at being grouped as and mass percent is：Pr
11.7%, Nd 24.5%, Pm 8.5%, Sm 27.1%, Eu 2.4%, Gd 25.8%.Preparation method comprises the steps of：
The first step：Select technical pure aluminium ingot, pure magnesium ingot, instant silicon, Al10Li alloy, Al5Zr1C alloy and mischmetal
RE is as raw material；
Second step：Fine aluminium ingot is melted in 740 DEG C of heating, and be added account for raw material total weight be 0.5% pure magnesium ingot,
0.8% instant silicon and 6% Al10Li alloy, stirring be fused into aluminum alloy melt；
Third step：After carrying out refining degasification slagging-off to aluminum alloy melt with carbon trichloride, adds and account for raw material total weight and be
0.2% Al5Zr1C alloy and 0.04% mixed rare earth, the ingredient that stirring enables aluminum alloy to liquid are uniform；
4th step：Aluminum alloy melt is cooled to 700 DEG C and stands 0.8 hour, is then cast as aluminium alloy；
5th step：By aluminium alloy 530 DEG C solution treatment 4 hours, after water quenching, 175 DEG C ageing treatment 10 hours, with furnace
Full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy is obtained after cooling.
Embodiment 3：
Full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy of the present invention, by following component and mass percentage composition：Mg 0.6%, Si
0.9%, Li 0.7%, Zr 0.02%, C 0.004%, RE 0.05%, Fe≤0.15%, Mn≤0.1%, surplus are Al and can not keep away
The impurity exempted from, impurity is single≤0.05%, total amount≤0.15%, wherein the RE at being grouped as and mass percent is：Pr
11.7%, Nd 24.5%, Pm 8.5%, Sm 27.1%, Eu 2.4%, Gd 25.8%.Preparation method comprises the steps of：
The first step：Select technical pure aluminium ingot, pure magnesium ingot, instant silicon, Al10Li alloy, Al5Zr1C alloy and mischmetal
RE is as raw material；
Second step：Fine aluminium ingot is melted in 760 DEG C of heating, and be added account for raw material total weight be 0.6% pure magnesium ingot,
0.9% instant silicon and 7% Al10Li alloy, stirring be fused into aluminum alloy melt；
Third step：After carrying out refining degasification slagging-off to aluminum alloy melt with carbon trichloride, adds and account for raw material total weight and be
0.4% Al5Zr1C alloy and 0.05% mixed rare earth, the ingredient that stirring enables aluminum alloy to liquid are uniform；
4th step：Aluminum alloy melt is cooled to 720 DEG C and stands 0.5 hour, is then cast as aluminium alloy；
5th step：By aluminium alloy 540 DEG C solution treatment 3 hours, after water quenching, 17 DEG C ageing treatment 12 hours, with furnace
Full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy is obtained after cooling.
By National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB/T16865-2013, by the full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy of embodiment 1-3
It is processed into standard tensile specimen, room temperature tensile is carried out on DNS200 type electronic tensile test machine, rate of extension is 2 millis m/min
Clock, tensile mechanical properties are as shown in table 1.
The tensile mechanical properties of the full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy of 1 embodiment 1-3 of table
| Embodiment sequence number | Tensile strength/MPa | Yield strength/MPa | Elongation/% |
| Embodiment 1 | 325.5 | 284.3 | 18.5 |
| Embodiment 2 | 348.6 | 298.9 | 15.5 |
| Embodiment 3 | 367.9 | 326.1 | 12.6 |
By the testing result of table 1 as it can be seen that the room temperature tensile intensity of the full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy of the present invention is greater than 320MPa, bend
Intensity is taken greater than 280MPa, elongation is greater than 12%, has good intensity height, plasticity, corrosion-resistant, welding performance and heat-tinting
The excellent feature of energy is suitable for manufacturing compartment, the vehicle of the full aluminium trailer such as van-type, container-type, oil tank formula, breast board formula, storehouse grating
Body, sleeper beam, crossbeam etc., have a vast market application prospect.
The present invention is to be described by embodiment, but do not limit the invention, referring to description of the invention, institute
Other variations of disclosed embodiment, are such as readily apparent that the professional person of this field, such variation should belong to
Within the scope of the claims in the present invention limit.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of preparation method of full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
The first step：Technical pure aluminium ingot, pure magnesium ingot, instant silicon, Al10Li alloy, Al5Zr1C alloy and mixed rare earth is selected to make
For raw material；
Second step：Fine aluminium ingot is melted in 720~760 DEG C of heating, and is added and accounts for the pure magnesium that raw material total weight is 0.4~0.6%
Ingot, 0.6~0.9% instant silicon and 5~7% Al10Li alloy, stirring are fused into aluminum alloy melt；
Third step：After aluminum alloy melt refining degasification slagging-off, adds and account for the Al5Zr1C that raw material total weight is 0.2~0.4%
Alloy and 0.03~0.05% mixed rare earth, stirring enable aluminum alloy to liquid ingredient it is uniform；
4th step：Aluminum alloy melt is cooled to 680~720 DEG C and stands 0.5~1 hour, is then cast as aluminium alloy；
5th step：By aluminium alloy 520~540 DEG C solution treatment 3~5 hours, after water quenching, in 170~180 DEG C of ageing treatments 8
~12 hours, full aluminium trailer aluminium alloy is obtained after furnace cooling, the aluminium alloy is by following component and mass percentage composition：Mg
0.4~0.6%, Si 0.6~0.9%, Li 0.5~0.7%, Zr 0.01~0.02%, C 0.002~0.004%, RE 0.03~
0.05%, Fe≤0.15%, Mn≤0.1%, surplus are Al and inevitable impurity, impurity is single≤and 0.05%, total amount≤
0.15%, wherein the RE at being grouped as and mass percent is：Pr 11.7%, Nd 24.5%, Pm 8.5%, Sm 27.1%,
Eu 2.4%, Gd 25.8%.
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