CN106934156B - Method for identifying dangerous points of buildings along river course - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for identifying dangerous points of buildings along a river course, and relates to the technical field of prevention and control of mountain torrent disasters. The method comprises the following steps: measuring the shape of the river channel section foundation and the elevation and longitude and latitude of a building point; the longitude, latitude and elevation values are converted into geographic coordinates; calculating the cross section basic water level flow of the target river reach; obtaining the disaster flow and the section water level of any building point M which is not positioned on the section by utilizing the hydraulic gradient; and judging the most dangerous section or the most vulnerable river section of the whole river channel according to the disaster flow of all the building points. The method can calculate the disaster-causing water level along the river from the angle of space geometry without artificially judging the disaster-causing water level so as to calculate the disaster-causing flow. If the disaster water level exists, the method can judge and calculate the elevation corresponding to the disaster section of the house which is measured and is not on the measured section.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of prevention and control of mountain torrent disasters, in particular to a method for identifying dangerous points of buildings along a river course.
Background
The existing river channel measuring technology is nearly mature, and can finish fine measurement of the river channel and measurement of the elevation longitude and latitude of a house. However, on the same river reach, for houses and construction points on the upstream and downstream of the river reach different distances from the river, how to judge and calculate disaster-causing water levels and flow rates corresponding to the construction points such as the houses is one of the main difficulties in the field of the present small-watershed torrential flood disaster prevention and control technology. The existing method is used for obtaining the disaster-forming flow of the bottommost point through measurement, geographical gradient and experience calculation, the method lacks theoretical calculation and does not consider the influence of hydraulic gradient on different houses in the upstream and downstream, and therefore the accuracy of the disaster-forming water level and flow corresponding to the river building point calculated by the existing method is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for identifying dangerous points of buildings along a river course, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the method for identifying dangerous points along a river course building according to the present invention comprises:
s1, measuring the shape of the river section foundation and the elevation and longitude and latitude of the building point
Acquiring a vertical section and a cross section of a target river reach to be prevented and controlled in a river channel, wherein the vertical section of the target river reach penetrates through a building point group; the building point groups are positioned on two sides of the target river reach, the number of the cross sections of the target river reach is at least three, and the vertical distance between every two adjacent cross sections is less than 100 m;
acquiring a river reach characteristic point set A on the longitudinal section, acquiring a river reach characteristic point set B on the transverse section, and measuring longitude, latitude and elevation values of all river reach characteristic points in the set A and the set B;
acquiring longitude, latitude and elevation values of building points on two sides of a target river reach;
s2, converting longitude, latitude and elevation values into geographic coordinates
Converting longitude, latitude and elevation values of each river reach characteristic point n in the set A and the set B into geodetic coordinates of the river reach characteristic point n by adopting a seven-parameter method;
converting longitude, latitude and elevation values of any one building point y into geodetic coordinates of the building point y by adopting a seven-parameter method;
s3, calculating the cross section basic water level flow of the target river reach
On the basis of the step S2, obtaining a water level flow of any section x by using a manning formula or a holy-venan hydrodynamic equation, wherein the section x comprises a cross section and a longitudinal section;
s4, acquiring the disaster flow and the section water level of any building point M not on the section by utilizing the hydraulic gradient;
forming a plurality of different hydraulic gradients for the same flow water level of each known different cross section, moving a building point M to a known cross section M along the hydraulic gradient direction to obtain a flow q of the building point M at a cross section elevation corresponding to the known cross section M, wherein the flow q is the disaster-forming flow of the building point M;
adding each hydraulic gradient and the elevation of the characteristic point of the longitudinal section one to obtain the known water level flow relation of different cross sections and the hydraulic gradient of the longitudinal section; acquiring the section water level of the building point M by utilizing the hydraulic gradient of the vertical section;
s5, judging the most dangerous segment or the most vulnerable segment of the whole river according to the disaster flow of all building points
And restoring all the building points to the original positions again, comparing the disaster-forming flow rates of the building points on all the river reach, selecting 4-5 building points with the minimum disaster-forming flow rate, or selecting the building points smaller than the fixed critical value of the disaster-forming flow rate, and taking the obtained building points as the most dangerous segments or the most vulnerable river reach in the target river reach.
Preferably, in step S1, the requirement for selecting the river reach feature points in the river reach feature point set B is as follows:
taking the starting point of the section pile on the left bank of the river or the section pile on the right bank of the river as the base point of the section pile, wherein the base point represents a point with zero starting point distance from the starting point pile; each cross section is provided with a base point belonging to the cross section;
except for the base points, the number of the river reach characteristic points is more than or equal to 8, and the distance between two adjacent river reach characteristic points is 20-40 m.
Preferably, the feature points include: left bank section boundary point, right bank section boundary point, slope abrupt change point, normal water line, historical flood level inundation point, beach point, deep body line point and river bottom point.
Preferably, the method for obtaining the section water level of the building point by using the hydraulic gradient comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: if the building point is on the cross section, the section water level of the position where the building point is located is the section water level of the building point;
the second method comprises the following steps: if the building point is between two cross sections, a point formed by the longitude and the latitude of the building point is projected to the longitudinal section of the target river section, and then the water conservancy gradient and the distance between the building point and the upper and lower cross sections of the building point are used for calculating the section water level of the building point on the upper cross section or the section water level of the building point on the lower cross section.
Preferably, the construction site comprises a house building.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method of the invention calculates the corresponding disaster flow of the measured building point from two aspects of space geometry and hydraulics based on the measured river buildings and riverways.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the method can calculate the disaster-causing water level along the river from the angle of space geometry without artificially judging the disaster-causing water level so as to calculate the disaster-causing flow.
2. If the disaster water level exists, the method can judge and calculate the elevation corresponding to the disaster section of the house which is measured and is not on the measured section.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of cross-sectional feature point selection;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a survey room and a vertical section;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a measured cross section projected onto a vertical cross section of a house;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a survey room and a vertical profile survey point; (a) the method is a schematic diagram for measuring longitude and latitude of a house and a longitudinal section; (b) measuring a geodetic coordinate graph of the house and the vertical section;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a projection of a measured house and a vertical section after seven parameters and spatial estimation;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of disaster-causing flow corresponding points of each house after hydraulic gradient estimation;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of disaster flow and water level calculated as a building point on a cross section through a water conservancy grade.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Examples
The method for identifying dangerous points of buildings along a river course comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring the basic shape of the river cross section and the specific elevation and longitude and latitude of the building point
Acquiring a vertical section and a cross section of a target river reach to be prevented and controlled in a river channel, wherein the vertical section of the target river reach penetrates through a building point group; the building point groups are positioned on two sides of the target river reach, the number of the cross sections of the target river reach is at least three, and the vertical distance between every two adjacent cross sections is less than 100 m;
acquiring a river reach characteristic point set A on the longitudinal section, acquiring a river reach characteristic point set B on the transverse section, and measuring longitude, latitude and elevation values of all river reach characteristic points in the set A and the set B;
acquiring longitude, latitude and elevation values of building points around a target river reach;
s2, converting longitude, latitude and elevation values into geographic coordinates
Converting longitude, latitude and elevation values of each river reach feature point m in the set A and the set B into geodetic coordinates of the river reach feature point m by adopting a seven-parameter method;
converting longitude, latitude and elevation values of any building point n into geodetic coordinates of the building point n by adopting a seven-parameter method;
s3, calculating the cross section basic water level flow of the target river reach
On the basis of the step S2, obtaining the water level flow of any section x by using a manning formula or a holy-venan hydrodynamic equation, wherein the section x comprises a cross section and a longitudinal section;
s4, calculating the building point X which is not on the section to the existing section by utilizing the hydraulic gradient and the water level flow;
forming a plurality of different hydraulic gradients for the same flow water level of each known different cross section, moving a building point M to a known cross section M along the hydraulic gradient direction to obtain a flow q of the building point M at a cross section elevation corresponding to the known cross section M, wherein the flow q is the disaster-forming flow of the building point M;
adding each hydraulic gradient and the elevation of the characteristic point of the longitudinal section one to obtain the known water level flow relation of different cross sections and the hydraulic gradient of the longitudinal section; acquiring the section water level of the building point M by utilizing the hydraulic gradient of the vertical section; as shown in fig. 7, the corresponding water points of house a and house B at the midstream cross section are points a and B, respectively.
S5, judging the most dangerous segment or the most vulnerable segment of the whole river according to the disaster flow of all building points
And restoring all the building points to the original positions again, comparing the disaster-forming flow rates of the building points on all the river reach, selecting 4-5 building points with the minimum disaster-forming flow rate, or selecting the building points smaller than the fixed critical value of the disaster-forming flow rate, and taking the obtained building points as the most dangerous segments or the most vulnerable river reach in the target river reach.
The more detailed explanation is:
in step S1, the requirement for selecting the river reach feature points in the river reach feature point set B is:
taking the starting point of the section pile on the left bank of the river or the section pile on the right bank of the river as the base point of the section pile, wherein the base point represents a point with zero starting point distance from the starting point pile; each cross section is provided with a base point belonging to the cross section;
except for the base points, the number of the river reach characteristic points is more than or equal to 8, and the distance between two adjacent river reach characteristic points is 20-40 m.
The feature points include: left bank section boundary point, right bank section boundary point, slope abrupt change point, normal water line, historical flood level inundation point, beach point, deep body line point and river bottom point.
(II) the method for obtaining the section water level of the building point by utilizing the hydraulic gradient comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: if the building point is on the cross section, the section water level of the position where the building point is located is the section water level of the building point;
the second method comprises the following steps: if the building point is between two cross sections, a point formed by the longitude and the latitude of the building point is projected to the longitudinal section of the target river section, and then the water conservancy gradient and the distance between the building point and the upper and lower cross sections of the building point are used for calculating the section water level of the building point on the upper cross section or the section water level of the building point on the lower cross section.
The seven-parameter method is realized by the following steps of (1) three coordinate translation amounts (delta X, delta Y and delta Z), namely the coordinate difference value between the coordinate origin points of two space coordinate systems;
(2) the rotation angles (Δ α, Δ β, Δ γ) of the three coordinate axes, by sequentially rotating the three coordinate axes by a prescribed angle, the XYZ axes of the two spatial rectangular coordinate systems can be superimposed together.
(3) And the scale factor K is the length ratio of the same straight line in the two space coordinate systems, so that the scale conversion is realized. Usually the value of K is almost equal to 1. The above seven parameters are commonly referred to as seven parameters. The coordinate conversion using the seven parameters is referred to as seven-parameter coordinate conversion.
Step S3 is specifically implemented by the following steps:
the general Manning formula or the Saint-Venn hydrodynamic equation is generally adopted to calculate the water level flow relation curve of each section, and if an empirical flow curve is available, the empirical flow curve can also be adopted.
Wherein the Manning formula is as follows: v ═ R2/3×J1/2)/n
And n is roughness, which is a coefficient comprehensively reflecting the influence of the roughness of the wall surface of the pipe canal on the water flow. The value is generally measured by experimental data, and can be selected by looking up a table when in use. Various references are available for selection of n values.
R is hydraulic radius, which is the ratio of the fluid sectional area to the wet perimeter, wherein the wet perimeter refers to the perimeter of the fluid contacting the open channel section and does not include the perimeter contacting the air;
j indicates the hydraulic slope of the open channel.
V is the flow velocity corresponding to the water level
The calculation can also be performed by using the holy-vern hydrodynamics equation.
Wherein t is time; s is the distance from a certain fixed section of the water channel along the process; h. v is the water depth and the section average flow velocity corresponding to the water passing section at the position s respectively; j. the design is a squarefEnergy ratio drop due to friction loss; i is the hydraulic gradient; g is the acceleration of gravity; t and s are independent variables; h and v are dependent variables; i. j. the design is a squarefCan be determined by s, h and v; q is the flow corresponding to the fixed water level. (1) The equation is a continuous equation reflecting the water balance in the water course, i.e., the rate of change of the storage (the first term is
) Should be equal to the rate of change of the on-way flow (second term is
). (2) The formula is a motion equation. The first term is
Reflecting local acceleration of a fixed point, the second term being
Reflecting convective acceleration due to non-uniform spatial distribution of flow velocity. The two terms are referred to as the inertial terms. The third expression is
Reflecting the gravity effect due to the bottom slope, is called a gravity term. The fourth term reflects the effect of water depth for i, called the pressure term. The third and fourth terms can be combined into one term, namely the water surface gradient. The fifth term is JfThe friction loss inside and at the boundary of the water flow. The expression shows that the combined action of gravity and pressure makes the water flow obtain acceleration against the energy loss caused by inertia force and friction resistance.
And (IV) the hydraulic gradient is the ratio of the height difference corresponding to the same flow of the upper and lower two adjacent sections to the distance between the two sections. The method can calculate the elevation of a house which is not on the cross section to the cross section along the hydraulic gradient so as to compare the flow of the disaster-affected points of the house with different spatial positions.
The water conservancy gradient is the water level difference when water flows pass through any two sections divided by the distance between the two sections under the condition of using the same flow; and acquiring the section water level of the building point by utilizing the hydraulic gradient.
By adopting the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, the following beneficial effects are obtained:
1. the method can calculate the disaster-causing water level along the river from the angle of space geometry without artificially judging the disaster-causing water level so as to calculate the disaster-causing flow.
2. If the disaster water level exists, the method can judge and calculate the elevation corresponding to the disaster section of the house which is measured and is not on the measured section.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements should also be considered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for identifying dangerous points of buildings along a river course is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, measuring the shape of the river section foundation and the elevation and longitude and latitude of the building point
Acquiring a vertical section and a cross section of a target river reach to be prevented and controlled in a river channel, wherein the vertical section of the target river reach penetrates through a building point group; the building point groups are positioned on two sides of the target river reach, the number of the cross sections of the target river reach is at least three, and the vertical distance between every two adjacent cross sections is less than 100 m;
acquiring a river reach characteristic point set A on the longitudinal section, acquiring a river reach characteristic point set B on the transverse section, and measuring longitude, latitude and elevation values of all river reach characteristic points in the set A and the set B;
acquiring longitude, latitude and elevation values of building points on two sides of a target river reach;
s2, converting longitude, latitude and elevation values into geographic coordinates
Converting longitude, latitude and elevation values of each river reach characteristic point n in the set A and the set B into geodetic coordinates of the river reach characteristic point n by adopting a seven-parameter method;
converting longitude, latitude and elevation values of any one building point y into geodetic coordinates of the building point y by adopting a seven-parameter method;
s3, calculating the cross section basic water level flow of the target river reach
On the basis of the step S2, obtaining a water level flow of any section x by using a manning formula or a holy-venan hydrodynamic equation, wherein the section x comprises a cross section and a longitudinal section;
s4, acquiring the disaster flow and the section water level of any building point M not on the section by utilizing the hydraulic gradient;
forming a plurality of different hydraulic gradients for the same flow water level of each known different cross section, moving a building point M to a known cross section M along the hydraulic gradient direction to obtain a flow q of the building point M at a cross section elevation corresponding to the known cross section M, wherein the flow q is the disaster-forming flow of the building point M;
adding each hydraulic gradient and the elevation of the characteristic point of the longitudinal section one to obtain the known water level flow relation of different cross sections and the hydraulic gradient of the longitudinal section; acquiring the section water level of the building point M by utilizing the hydraulic gradient of the vertical section;
s5, judging the most dangerous segment or the most vulnerable segment of the whole river according to the disaster flow of all building points
And restoring all the building points to the building point positions which are not on the section before moving along the hydraulic gradient direction in the step S4 again, comparing the disaster-forming flow rates of the building points on all the river reach, selecting 4-5 building points with the minimum disaster-forming flow rate or selecting the building points smaller than the fixed critical value of the disaster-forming flow rate, and taking the obtained building points as the most dangerous segment or the most vulnerable river reach in the target river reach.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the requirement for selecting the river reach feature points in the river reach feature point set B is:
taking the starting point of the section pile on the left bank of the river or the section pile on the right bank of the river as the base point of the section pile, wherein the base point represents a point with zero starting point distance from the starting point pile; each cross section is provided with a base point belonging to the cross section;
except for the base points, the number of the river reach characteristic points is more than or equal to 8, and the distance between two adjacent river reach characteristic points is 20-40 m.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the feature points in the river reach feature point set B comprise: left bank section boundary point, right bank section boundary point, slope abrupt change point, normal water line, historical flood level inundation point, beach point, deep body line point and river bottom point.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method for obtaining the section water level of the construction point by using the hydraulic gradient comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: if the building point is on the cross section, the section water level of the position where the building point is located is the section water level of the building point;
the second method comprises the following steps: if the building point is between two cross sections, a point formed by the longitude and the latitude of the building point is projected to the longitudinal section of the target river section, and then the hydraulic gradient and the distance between the building point and the upper and lower cross sections of the building point are used for calculating the section water level of the building point on the upper cross section or the section water level of the building point on the lower cross section.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the construction site comprises a house building.
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| CN109934110B (en) * | 2019-02-02 | 2021-01-12 | 广州中科云图智能科技有限公司 | Method for identifying illegal buildings near river channel |
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| CN104652347A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-05-27 | 胡余忠 | Method for evaluating relation between non-static water level and population affected by submerging in mountain region |
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| CN104652347A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-05-27 | 胡余忠 | Method for evaluating relation between non-static water level and population affected by submerging in mountain region |
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