CN106932160A - Ancient building stress analysis method - Google Patents
Ancient building stress analysis method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106932160A CN106932160A CN201710154198.2A CN201710154198A CN106932160A CN 106932160 A CN106932160 A CN 106932160A CN 201710154198 A CN201710154198 A CN 201710154198A CN 106932160 A CN106932160 A CN 106932160A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
- G01M5/005—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
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Abstract
The present invention relates to monitoring method, and in particular to stress analysis method.A kind of ancient architecture building structure load-bearing capability analysis method, comprises the following steps：Step one, determines the essential information of building element, and essential information includes the material category and sectional dimension of building element；Step 2, calculates ess-strain, the component deflection value of building element；Step 3, sets sensor-based system on the building bearing primary structure member of building element, and sensor-based system includes foil gauge and deflection monitoring equipment；Step 4, loading test is carried out to building element；Step 5, the data that will be detected in sensor-based system import matlab softwares and carry out Function Fitting, calculate the limit of bearing capacity value of building element；Step 6, further determines that building element receives the ability upper limit of visitor's quantity according to resulting limit of bearing capacity value, so as to reasonably limit number of touring.The present invention reconnoitres the ultimate bearing capacity for calculating theory by being carried out to existing building element in advance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to monitoring method, and in particular to stress analysis method.
Background technology
With the fast development of tourist industry, the visitor at ancient building sight spot is growing day by day, in an endless stream, often to ancient building
The security performance of building body structure produces significant impact.The control of flow of the people is carried out to ancient building building body, the peace of structure had both been can guarantee that
Entirely, moreover it is possible to extend its service life, and how to determine that safer, rational flow of the people of visiting is in the urgent need to address at present
Problem.Because ancient building building body is not often according to modern design theory and Specification Design, traditional is soft by modern structure
Part modeling and analysis methods often run into bottleneck.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide ancient building stress analysis method, to solve above-mentioned at least one technical problem.
Technical problem solved by the invention can be realized using following technical scheme：
A kind of ancient architecture building structure load-bearing capability analysis method, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
Step one, determines the essential information of building element, and essential information includes the material category and section chi of building element
It is very little；
Step 2, calculates ess-strain, the component deflection value of building element；
Step 3, sets sensor-based system on the building bearing primary structure member of building element, and sensor-based system includes foil gauge
With deflection monitoring equipment；
Step 4, loading test is carried out to building element；
Step 5, the data that will be detected in sensor-based system import matlab softwares and carry out Function Fitting, calculate building structure
The limit of bearing capacity value of part；
Step 6, the ability that building element receives visitor's quantity is further determined that according to resulting limit of bearing capacity value
The upper limit, so as to reasonably limit number of touring.
The present invention takes reasonable data and enters by being reconnoitred to existing building element in advance according to on-site actual situations
Row theoretical calculation, then corresponding loading experiment is designed by theoretical value, finally by the sound of structure stress in experimentation
Its load-deformation curve function should be fitted by mathematical software, calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of theory.It is of the invention with it is existing
Technology is compared, for being carried without corresponding building element specification and for the problem that existing limit of bearing capacity value is difficult to estimate
Feasible resolving ideas embodiment is supplied.Structure trunk can not injured by theory analysis, building is not being disturbed
Analysis is completed under nature.Whole analysis process is lossless, efficient, safe and reliable, low cost.Should be with reference to current in step 2
The latest specification is calculated by written calculation or modeling, and written calculation or modeling are prior art, therefore this patent is not described in detail.
Building element includes building bearing primary structure member in the step one, and the building bearing primary structure member can be
At least one in beam, post, floor, wall.
The present invention can be easy to count stressing conditions according to load-bearing primary structure member.
Used as a kind of scheme, when building element is wood-structure old building, the bending resistance component for wood-structure old building can
Using：M/Wn≤fmCarry out bearing capacity calculation, ω≤[ω] should be met for its amount of deflection, and loading experiment for after for
Actural deflection is not more than theoretical permission amount of deflection 1/2nd should be met for the sake of safety.Unlike material has different computing formula.
In the step 3, foil gauge can be any one in resistance strain gage, fiber grating strain meter.
Between the length 50mm~100mm of the sensitive grid of the resistance strain gage.Preferably 80mm.Resistance strain gage it is quick
Sense grid are prior arts therefore the present invention is not described in detail.Length present invention limits sensitive grid can be applied to timber structure and concrete
The building of structure.
The length of the sensitive grid of the resistance strain gage is in 3mm.Length present invention limits sensitive grid can be applied to
The building of bar construction.
The cross section of the building bearing primary structure member sustained height is provided with least two measuring points, and the cross section is in square
Shape.The preferably both sides of edges of the cross section of building bearing primary structure member or the side of edge four measuring point positioned opposite.
The present invention being capable of accurate detection effect by multiple measuring points.
In the step 3, deflection monitoring equipment can be displacement transducer or amesdial, institute's displacement sensors
The degree of accuracy is not less than 1.0 grades, and the minimum division value of the amesdial is not more than the 1.0% of surveyed total displacement, indicating value allowable error
It is the 1.0% of range.
The present invention realizes the detection of amount of deflection by displacement transducer or amesdial.
In the step 4, loading test uses graded loading way, multistage loadings to pre- constant load.To ensure building peace
Entirely.In loading procedure, if finding, building element has new crackle generation or existing Crack Extension, component amount of deflection to reach allowable deflection
50% situation, should immediately stop loading.During hierarchical loading, every grade of loaded value is not to be exceeded 0.10Qd(QdFor theoretical calculation is obtained
The ultimate load value that the building for going out can bear)；When reaching 0.30QdAfterwards, every grade of loaded value is no more than 0.05Qd；When reaching
0.40QdWhen, every grade of loaded value preferably takes 0.025Qd, until loading is completed, specifically can refer to table 1 and perform.
(table 1)
Every grade of load time preferably keeps equal, and every grade of duration can refer to following table to be carried out, within the duration, observation,
Measure the deflection deformation situation of target member, and Taking Pictures recording.
In the step 4, taken pictures using at least two measurement cameras and obtain the load-bearing information of building element, in building
At least one monitoring point is chosen on component, at least four control points are chosen on building element periphery, the measurement camera is located at institute
State the front of building element.
The present invention not injuring structure trunk, under conditions of not disturbing building nature and part adverse circumstances
Complete the load-bearing monitoring of building.
The control point is arranged on building element periphery and is not susceptible on the object of displacement, or manually sets up control point, or
Directly choosing on the not easily shifted object in periphery has the point of feature as control point.
At least one monitoring point is chosen in building element alien invasion and be labeled, or direct selection on building element has bright
The point position of aobvious feature is used as monitoring point.In order to detect.Or the article of easily observation is set on building element used as monitoring point.
The monitoring point is uniformly arranged on the alien invasion of building element.In order to detect building element entirety.
Or, the change in order to accurately analyze each aspect of building element, the building bearing primary structure member of building element is equal
It is selected or is provided with the monitoring point.
The monitoring point, the mark at the control point use waterproofing design.And the monitoring point, the mark at the control point
Can ensure that and be fixed on body surface reliably and with long-term.Such as LED light-emitting component, the suspension member for scribbling fluorescence coating etc..Simultaneously can also be just
In night detection.
It is described measurement camera can be set to 30 minutes/time, 60 minutes/time, 120 minutes/time, 240 minutes/time, 480 points
Clock/time, 960 minutes/time, or 3600 minutes/time observe building element image information.It has been directed to skew, settling efficiency difference
Building element.
Used as a kind of scheme, the imaging area that measurement camera has two, two building elements of measurement camera shooting is overlapped
Degree is between 70%~95%.Imaging area degree of overlapping is easy to based on control point between 70%~95%, observation building
The change in location of the monitoring point on component.Simultaneously only with two cameras in this design, low cost, when meeting degree of overlapping 70%
When between~95%, the distance between two cameras are small, take up an area small, are easy to arrangement.Two cameras are applied to the building of symmetry,
Or the simple tower class building of the little form of diameter.
Alternatively, measurement camera is 8, and 8 measurement cameras are looped around building element periphery annularly, adjacent
Two cameras be spaced 45 degree of angles, in the image information of the shooting of adjacent two measurement cameras, building element imaging area weight
Folded degree reaches more than 70%.8 camera monitoring effects are good, complicated for body, or protection level building higher then 8 phases
Machine is preferable to carry out the effect of comprehensive monitoring according to the 45 degree of angles in interval around building.
In the step 5, data input matlab resulting before is carried out into Polynomial curve-fit, passed through first
Following code determines the polynomial exponent number of fitting：
Herein it is assumed that error sum of squares accuracy rating be 0.1, actually can according to require change precision,
It is determined that the polynomial function of fitting can be drawn after fitting exponent number by y1=polyfit (x, y, c).
Can substantially be extrapolated according to the ancient building ultimate bearing capacity obtained by test situation according to fitting function.
Reduction coefficient is multiplied by the step 6 according to load resulting before to be converted into stream of people's live load to determine people
The limit value of flow.
In the step 6, according to limit of bearing capacity value divided by the average weight of visitor, building element receiving is calculated
The quantity of visitor.
Compared with conventional art, beneficial effects of the present invention：This kind of ancient architecture building structure load-bearing capability analysis method, by thing
First reconnoitred for existing ancient building, according to rational existing specification and theoretical conduct reference, taken according to on-site actual situations
Theoretical calculation is carried out with reasonable data, then corresponding loading experiment is designed by theoretical value, finally by experimentation
The response of structure stress fits its load-deformation curve function by mathematical software, calculates the ultimate bearing capacity of theory.
Method does not have corresponding ancient building specification and the problem for being difficult to estimate for existing building bearing capacity relative to prior art
There is provided feasible resolving ideas embodiment.Structure trunk can not injured by theory analysis, building is not being disturbed
Analysis is completed under thing nature.Whole analysis process is lossless, efficient, safe and reliable, low cost.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of arrangement schematic diagram of measuring point of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is another arrangement schematic diagram of measuring point of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order that technological means, creation characteristic, reached purpose and effect that the present invention is realized are easy to understand, tie below
Conjunction is specifically illustrating and the present invention is expanded on further.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, a kind of ancient architecture building structure load-bearing capability analysis method is comprised the following steps：Step one, really
Determine the essential information of building element, essential information includes the material category and sectional dimension of building element；Step 2, calculates building
The ess-strain of component, component deflection value；Step 3, sensor-based system is set on the building bearing primary structure member of building element,
Sensor-based system includes foil gauge and deflection monitoring equipment；Step 4, loading test is carried out to building element；Step 5, will sense
The data detected in system import matlab softwares and carry out Function Fitting, calculate the limit of bearing capacity value of building element；Step
Rapid six, further determine that building element receives the ability upper limit of visitor's quantity according to resulting limit of bearing capacity value, so that
It is rational to limit number of touring.The present invention is taken by being reconnoitred to existing building element in advance according to on-site actual situations
Theoretical calculation is carried out with reasonable data, then corresponding loading experiment is designed by theoretical value, finally by experimentation
The response of structure stress fits its load-deformation curve function by mathematical software, calculates the ultimate bearing capacity of theory.
The present invention compared with prior art, is difficult to for no corresponding building element specification and for existing limit of bearing capacity value
The problem of estimation provides feasible resolving ideas embodiment.By theory analysis can not injuring structure trunk,
Completion analysis under building nature is not disturbed.Whole analysis process is lossless, efficient, safe and reliable, low cost.Step 2
In should be calculated by written calculation or modeling with reference to current the latest specification, written calculation or modeling are prior art, therefore this is specially
Profit is not described in detail.
Building element includes building bearing primary structure member in step one, and building bearing primary structure member can be beam, post, building
At least one in plate, wall.The present invention can be easy to count stressing conditions according to load-bearing primary structure member.As a kind of scheme,
When building element is wood-structure old building, the bending resistance component for wood-structure old building can be used：M/Wn≤fmCarry out bearing capacity
Calculate, ω≤[ω] should be met for its amount of deflection, and loading experiment for after is for should meet actural deflection for the sake of safety
It is no more than theoretical to allow 1/2nd of amount of deflection.Unlike material has different computing formula.In step 3, foil gauge can be electricity
Resistance foil gauge, any one in fiber grating strain meter.Between the length 50mm~100mm of the sensitive grid of resistance strain gage.
Preferably 80mm.The sensitive grid of resistance strain gage is prior art therefore the present invention is not described in detail.Present invention limits the length of sensitive grid
Degree can be applied to the building of timber structure and concrete structure.The length of the sensitive grid of resistance strain gage is in 3mm.Present invention limit
Having made the length of sensitive grid can be applied to the building of bar construction.The cross section of the sustained height of building bearing primary structure member 1
At least two measuring points 2 are provided with, cross section is rectangular.The preferably both sides of edges of the cross section of building bearing primary structure member or side
The side of edge four measuring point positioned opposite.The present invention being capable of accurate detection effect by multiple measuring points.
In step 3, deflection monitoring equipment can be displacement transducer or amesdial, and the degree of accuracy of displacement transducer is not
Less than 1.0 grades, the minimum division value of amesdial is not more than the 1.0% of surveyed total displacement, and indicating value allowable error is range
1.0%.The present invention realizes the detection of amount of deflection by displacement transducer or amesdial.In step 4, loading test is used and divided
Level load mode, multistage loadings to pre- constant load.To ensure building safety.In loading procedure, if finding, building element has newly
Crackle is produced or existing Crack Extension, component amount of deflection reach the situation of allowable deflection 50%, should immediately stop loading.Hierarchical loading mistake
Cheng Zhong, every grade of loaded value is not to be exceeded 0.10Qd(QdFor the ultimate load value that the building that theoretical calculation draws can bear)；When reaching
To 0.30QdAfterwards, every grade of loaded value is no more than 0.05Qd；When reaching 0.40QdWhen, every grade of loaded value preferably takes 0.025Qd, until
Loading is completed, and specifically be can refer to table 1 and is performed.
(table 1)
Every grade of load time preferably keeps equal, and every grade of duration can refer to following table to be carried out, within the duration, observation,
Measure the deflection deformation situation of target member, and Taking Pictures recording.In step 4, taken pictures acquisition using at least two measurement cameras
The load-bearing information of building element, chooses at least one monitoring point on building element, and at least four are chosen on building element periphery
Control point, measurement camera is located at the front of building element.The present invention is not injuring structure trunk, and building nature shape is not disturbed
The load-bearing monitoring of building is completed under conditions of state and part adverse circumstances.
Control point is arranged on building element periphery and is not susceptible on the object of displacement, or manually sets up control point, or directly
Choosing on the not easily shifted object in periphery has the point of feature as control point.At least one is chosen in building element alien invasion to monitor
Put and be labeled, or direct selection on building element has the point position of obvious characteristic as monitoring point.In order to detect.Or building
Build and set on component the article of easily observation as monitoring point.Monitoring point is uniformly arranged on the alien invasion of building element.So as to
In detection building element entirety.Or, the change in order to accurately analyze each aspect of building element, the building bearing of building element
Primary structure member is selected or is provided with monitoring point.Monitoring point, the mark at control point use waterproofing design.And monitoring point, control
The mark of system point can ensure that and be fixed on body surface reliably and with long-term.Such as LED light-emitting component, the suspension member for scribbling fluorescence coating etc..Together
When night can also be easy to detect.Measurement camera can be set to 30 minutes/time, 60 minutes/time, 120 minutes/time, 240 minutes/
The image information of building element is observed in secondary, 480 minutes/time, 960 minutes/time, or 3600 minutes/time.It has been directed to skew, sedimentation
The different building element of efficiency.Used as a kind of scheme, measurement camera has two, the building element that two measurement cameras shoot into
Image planes accumulate degree of overlapping between 70%~95%.Imaging area degree of overlapping is easy to control point as base between 70%~95%
Plinth, the change in location of the monitoring point on observation building element.Work as satisfaction only with two cameras, low cost in this design simultaneously
When degree of overlapping is between 70%~95%, the distance between two cameras are small, take up an area small, are easy to arrangement.Two cameras are applied to
The building of symmetry, or the simple tower class building of the little form of diameter.
Alternatively, measurement camera is 8, and 8 measurement cameras are looped around building element periphery annularly, adjacent
Two cameras be spaced 45 degree of angles, in the image information of the shooting of adjacent two measurement cameras, building element imaging area weight
Folded degree reaches more than 70%.8 camera monitoring effects are good, complicated for body, or protection level building higher then 8 phases
Machine is preferable to carry out the effect of comprehensive monitoring according to the 45 degree of angles in interval around building.In step 5, will be resulting before
Data input matlab carry out Polynomial curve-fit, the polynomial exponent number of fitting is determined by following code first：
Herein it is assumed that error sum of squares accuracy rating is 0.1, actually can be according to requiring to change precision, it is determined that fitting
The polynomial function of fitting can be drawn after exponent number by y1=polyfit (x, y, c).Can substantially be extrapolated according to fitting function
According to the ancient building ultimate bearing capacity obtained by test situation.In step 6 reduction system is multiplied by according to load resulting before
Number is converted into stream of people's live load to determine the limit value of flow of the people.Compared with conventional art, beneficial effects of the present invention：This kind of ancient architecture
Building structure load-bearing capability analysis method, by being reconnoitred for existing ancient building in advance, according to rational existing specification and reason
By as reference, taking reasonable data according to on-site actual situations carries out theoretical calculation, then designs corresponding by theoretical value
Loading experiment, its load-deformation curve letter is fitted by mathematical software finally by the response of structure stress in experimentation
Number, calculates the ultimate bearing capacity of theory.Method does not have corresponding ancient building specification and for both relative to prior art
The problem for having floor decoration ability to be difficult to estimate provides feasible resolving ideas embodiment.Can be by theory analysis
Structure trunk is not injured, completion analysis under building nature is not disturbed.Whole analysis process is lossless, efficient, safe, can
By, low cost.
General principle of the invention and principal character and advantages of the present invention has been shown and described above.The skill of the industry
Art personnel it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, the simply explanation described in above-described embodiment and specification
Principle of the invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible, these
Changes and improvements all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appending claims and
Its equivalent thereof.
Claims (10)
1. step one, determines the essential information of building element, and essential information includes the material category and sectional dimension of building element；
Step 2, calculates ess-strain, the component deflection value of building element；
Step 3, sets sensor-based system on the building bearing primary structure member of building element, and sensor-based system includes foil gauge and scratches
Degree monitoring device；
Step 4, loading test is carried out to building element；
Step 5, the data that will be detected in sensor-based system import matlab softwares and carry out Function Fitting, calculate building element
Limit of bearing capacity value；
Step 6, further determines that building element is received in the ability of visitor's quantity according to resulting limit of bearing capacity value
Limit, so as to reasonably limit number of touring.
2. ancient building stress analysis method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Building element bag in the step one
Building bearing primary structure member is included, the building bearing primary structure member is at least one in beam, post, floor, wall.
3. ancient building stress analysis method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：When building element is timber structure ancient architecture
When building, using M/Wn≤fmBearing capacity calculation is carried out, ω≤[ω] should be met for its amount of deflection, amount of deflection is not more than theory to be allowed to scratch
/ 2nd of degree.
4. ancient building stress analysis method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step 3, foil gauge is
Any one in resistance strain gage, fiber grating strain meter.
5. ancient building stress analysis method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The sensitive grid of the resistance strain gage
Length 50mm~100mm between.
6. ancient building stress analysis method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The building bearing primary structure member is same
The cross section of one height is provided with least two measuring points, and the cross section is rectangular.
7. ancient building stress analysis method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Deflection monitoring equipment is displacement sensing
Device or amesdial, the degree of accuracy of institute's displacement sensors are not less than 1.0 grades, and the minimum division value of the amesdial is not more than institute
The 1.0% of total displacement is surveyed, indicating value allowable error is the 1.0% of range.
8. ancient building stress analysis method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step 4, loading test
Using graded loading way, multistage loadings to pre- constant load, in loading procedure, if find building element have new crackle produce or
Existing Crack Extension, component amount of deflection reach the situation of allowable deflection 50%, should immediately stop loading；During hierarchical loading, every grade
Loaded value is not to be exceeded 0.10Qd；After 0.30Qd is reached, every grade of loaded value is no more than 0.05Qd；When 0.40Qd is reached,
Every grade of loaded value preferably takes 0.025Qd, until loading is completed.
9. ancient building stress analysis method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step 4, using extremely
Few two measurement cameras are taken pictures and obtain the load-bearing information of building element, and at least one monitoring point is chosen on building element, are being built
Build component periphery and choose at least four control points, the measurement camera is located at the front of the building element.
10. ancient building stress analysis method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step 5, the institute by before
The data input matlab for obtaining carries out Polynomial curve-fit, determines the order of a polynomial of fitting by following code first
Number：
Herein it is assumed that error sum of squares accuracy rating be 0.1, actually can according to require change precision,
It is determined that the polynomial function of fitting can be drawn by y1=polyfit (x, y, c) after fitting exponent number,
Can substantially be extrapolated according to the ancient building ultimate bearing capacity obtained by test situation according to fitting function.
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| CN115993569A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-04-21 | 广州思林杰科技股份有限公司 | Rapid calibration method and system for LCR tester |
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