CN106923079A - A kind of fish meal and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of fish meal and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106923079A CN106923079A CN201710088943.8A CN201710088943A CN106923079A CN 106923079 A CN106923079 A CN 106923079A CN 201710088943 A CN201710088943 A CN 201710088943A CN 106923079 A CN106923079 A CN 106923079A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The present invention relates to fish culture technical field, more particularly to a kind of fish meal and preparation method thereof.A kind of fish meal, is mainly made up of the component of following portions by weight：15 parts of 60 70 parts of starchiness raw material, 33 47 parts of Proteinaceous raw material, 27 36 parts of crops cauline leaf, 12 18 parts of vinasse, 8 10 parts of antimicrobial component and edible oil；The present invention makes full use of the waste material in agricultural and food processing to prepare fish meal, avoid wasting and waste entrainment environment, obtained fish meal is nutritious, special taste and density is low, fish can be promoted to the absorbability of nutriment, and it is long in the water float time, beneficial to the utilization rate for improving feed, reduces cost improves fish culture income.
Description
【Technical field】
The present invention relates to fish culture technical field, more particularly to a kind of fish meal and preparation method thereof.
【Background technology】
Fish meal does not receive seasonal effect, can ensure nutritional ingredient from the proportioning of main regulation raw material, and feeding effect is more directed to
Property, modern fish culture can be met to the demand of feed, it is widely used；In feeding fish, it is necessary to by fish meal put into fish pond in,
Feed easily sinks to bottom of pond in water, causes to waste.
The processing capacity of modern agriculture and food is greatly increased, and substantial amounts of waste material is produced in process, is contained in these waste materials
There is abundant nutritional ingredient, directly stack and abandon easily generation stench breed bacteria, enter in water and easily cause water nutrition mistake
It is surplus, water quality is influenceed, therefore the agriculture recycling with food processing discarded object is improved, pollution of the waste material to environment and water body is reduced,
It is a problem in the urgent need to address.
【The content of the invention】
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a kind of fish meal and preparation method thereof, the fish meal make full use of agricultural and
Food processing waste material, with nutritious, special taste, the characteristics of light weight, can swim in water the long period, improve and raise
The utilization rate of material.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of fish meal, mainly by following portions by weight
Component be made：60-70 parts of starchiness raw material, Proteinaceous raw material 33-47 parts, 27-36 parts of crops cauline leaf, vinasse 12-18 parts,
Antimicrobial component 8-10 parts and edible oil 1-5 parts；
The antimicrobial component is 1.5-2 by Herba Scutellariae Barbatae extract and Spina Gleditsiae extract by weight：1 ratio is made；
The crops cauline leaf is 5-10 by loosestrife, the certain herbaceous plants with big flowers that falls, sweet potato leaves, cassava leaves and banana tender stem by weight：6-
9：5-10：3-7：The ratio of 2-5 is made；
It is 25-40 by jackfruit kernel, lotus rhizome and cornstarch that the starchiness raw material is by weight：10-15：5-6
Ratio be made.
Further, the fish meal is mainly made up of the component of following portions by weight：63-67 parts of starchiness raw material, egg
White 35-40 parts of property raw material, 31-33 parts of crops cauline leaf, vinasse 14-16 parts, 9 parts and edible oil 2-4 parts of antimicrobial component.
Further, the Spina Gleditsiae extract is made up of following methods：Spina gleditsiae is ground into particle size for 40-60
Purpose powder, it is the ethanol that 12 times of spina gleditsiae powder and percent by volume are 70% that weight is added every time, is returned in 80 DEG C of water-baths
Stream is extracted 1.5 hours, is extracted 2 times, and flow liquid is fetched every time, and the phegma that will extract 2 times merges, and moisture content is baked at 70 DEG C
It is 5-8%, crushes and Spina Gleditsiae extract is obtained.
Further, it is every time the Sculellaria barbata 16 smashed with weight after Sculellaria barbata is smashed that the Herba Scutellariae Barbatae extract is
Deionized water again is decocted 1.5 hours, is decocted 3 times, and filtrate is taken every time, and after decocting the filtrate merging of 3 times, being concentrated into volume is
13% originally is made.
Further, the Proteinaceous raw material is done by dregs of beans, earthworm and dried silkworm chrysalis is 10-30 by weight：3-6：3-5's
Ratio is crushed, and mixing, drying is made.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of the fish meal, comprises the following steps：
(1) crops cauline leaf process：Loosestrife, the certain herbaceous plants with big flowers that falls, sweet potato leaves, cassava leaves and banana tender stem are weighed in proportion, then
Smash together and be made slurries；
(2) starchiness Feedstock treating：Jackfruit kernel, lotus rhizome and cornstarch are weighed in proportion, and jackfruit kernel is steamed
It is ripe to pulverize, lotus rhizome is broken into slurries, jackfruit kernel, the lotus rhizome slurry and cornstarch after pulverizing are mixed, and starchiness is obtained
Raw material；
(3) premix of fish meal：By slurries, starchiness raw material, Proteinaceous original obtained in step (2) obtained in step (1)
Material, vinasse and antimicrobial component are poured into batch mixer together by weight ratio, and add that volume is above-mentioned all raw material 2-3% two
Carbonoxide, it is 0.4-0.6MPa that pressure is adjusted after sealing, is stirred and evenly mixed, and fish meal premix is obtained；
(4) preparation of fish meal：In mould inner surface uniform application edible oil, fish meal obtained in step (3) is premixed
In material injection mould, dry under 70-80 DEG C of the vacuum condition after being 6-10% to moisture content, the demoulding is crushed, and is made particle diameter big
Small is the pellet of 3-5mm, and fish meal is obtained.
The present invention needs to carry out following 6 points of explanations：
(1) the most of raw materials in fish meal of the present invention are all food and agricultural machining waste material, and abundant raw material is easy to get.
(2) in crops cauline leaf of the invention, loosestrife and the certain herbaceous plants with big flowers that falls contain abundant nutritive value, and strong adaptability,
Growth cycle is short, and yield is high, is cultivated extensively, with high economic worth；It is wherein aqueous per 100g loosestrives children's browse
Divide 82.83g, vitamin C 27.74mg, potassium 720.0mg, sodium 1.36mg, calcium 238.8mg, magnesium 94.36mg, phosphorus 49.76mg, copper
0.28mg, iron 5.25mg, zinc 1.01mg, manganese 1.34mg, strontium 1.08mg, can be edible as vegetables, and loosestrife can also treat dysentery,
Stomach health can effectively be protected；Fall in certain herbaceous plants with big flowers edible part 17g containing protein, fat 2g, carbohydrate 31g, calcium 2.05 per 1kg
Gram, phosphorus 290mg, iron 22mg, also containing carrotene 45.5mg, niacin 10mg, vitamin C 1.02g, wherein vitamin C exists
The umber one is occupied in vegetables with green leaves, the certain herbaceous plants with big flowers that falls also has the effects such as laxation, convenient, heat-clearing and removing toxic substances；And sweet potato leaves, cassava leaves and banana tender stem are
Wastes of crops, is not fully used.
(3) jackfruit kernel is the seed of jackfruit, and when jackfruit is largely listed, its pulp is sweet and delicious by extensive
Like, but kernel is but simply discarded, and content of starch enriches in kernel, also abundant nutrition material, with utilization very high
Value；Starchiness raw material of the invention is based on jackfruit kernel, while a small amount of cornstarch of addition and lotus rhizome are made, it is above-mentioned
The starchiness raw material that 3 kinds of raw materials are made due to comprising various starch structures, with rich in taste, it is fine and smooth the characteristics of.
(4) Proteinaceous raw material of the invention is done by earthworm, dried silkworm chrysalis and dregs of beans are made；Wherein earthworm can be fast in humus
The substantial amounts of breeding of speed, largely obtains easily by propagating artificially；Silkworm chrysalis is the residue after silk cocoon extracts silk, and dregs of beans adds for beans
The slag charge of work product, the protein content of above-mentioned 2 kinds of materials is very high, and work in-process is largely discarded, and causes to waste, and can also pollute ring
Border.
(5) vinasse are the slag charge that wine brewing is produced, and are one of food that fish is liked, and vinasse also have strong fragrance, can increase
Plus the appetite of fish.
(6) in antimicrobial component of the invention, Spina Gleditsiae extract contains flavones, gleditschiasaponin, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oil
Acid, sub- sterol, sitosterol and nonacosane, phenols etc., with the effect of significant antimicrobial antiphlogistic；Sculellaria barbata herb can enter
Medicine, its active ingredient has antibacterial and anti-inflammation functions, can suppress and eliminate various germs, especially has significantly to harmful intestinal tract germ
Inhibition, above two raw material cooperates, and can protect stomach health, improves stomach absorbability.
In sum, by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1st, in fish feed formula of the present invention starchiness raw material, Proteinaceous raw material, 4 component institutes of crops cauline leaf and vinasse
The raw material of selection is respectively provided with and is readily available, and the characteristics of nutritious, is additionally added antimicrobial component, promotes fish stomach health；By inciting somebody to action
Starchiness raw material, Proteinaceous raw material, crops cauline leaf, vinasse, 6 components of antimicrobial component and edible oil carry out appropriate proportioning,
Obtain comprehensive nutrition, the fish feed formula of special taste, it is ensured that while nutrition, moreover it is possible to promote fish to absorb the energy of nutriment
Power.
2nd, when fish meal of the invention is prepared, pretreatment of raw material is first carried out according to the characteristic of each component raw material, is raised in fish
A certain amount of carbon dioxide is added during material pretreatment, stirring makes carbon dioxide be wrapped in fish meal in the mixing device of closing
In premix, finally the premix for wrapping up carbon dioxide is transferred in mould, dried at temperatures greater than room temperature, drying process
Middle carbon dioxide is heated spilling, and the fish meal with uniform cell structure is obtained after the completion of drying, and effectively reduces the close of feed
Degree.
3rd, the present invention makes full use of the waste material in agricultural and food processing to prepare fish meal, it is to avoid waste and waste entrainment ring
Border, obtained fish meal is nutritious, special taste and density is low, can promote fish to the absorbability of nutriment, and in water
The middle flotation time is long, and beneficial to the utilization rate for improving feed, reduces cost improves fish culture income.
【Specific embodiment】
All features disclosed in this specification, or disclosed all methods or during the step of, except mutually exclusive
Feature and/or step beyond, can combine by any way.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accessory claim, summary), unless specifically stated otherwise, each
Feature is an example in a series of equivalent or similar characteristics.
Embodiment 1
Fish meal of the invention is mainly made up of the component of following portions by weight：Starchiness raw material 60kg, Proteinaceous raw material
33kg, crops cauline leaf 27kg, vinasse 12kg, antimicrobial component 8kg and edible oil 1kg.
Fish meal of the invention is mainly obtained by following methods：
(1) crops cauline leaf process：By weight it is 5：6：5：3：2 ratio weighs loosestrife, the certain herbaceous plants with big flowers that falls, Ipomoea batatas respectively
Leaf, cassava leaves and banana tender stem, then smash and are made slurries together；
(2) starchiness Feedstock treating：By weight it is 25：10：5 ratio weighs jackfruit kernel, lotus rhizome and jade respectively
Rice starch, jackfruit kernel is cooked and is pulverized, and lotus rhizome is broken into slurries, jackfruit kernel, lotus rhizome slurry and jade after pulverizing
Rice starch is mixed, and starchiness raw material is obtained；
(3) the former premix of fish meal：
By dregs of beans, earthworm is dry and dried silkworm chrysalis is 10 by weight：3：3 ratio is crushed, and mixing, drying is made Proteinaceous original
Material；
Spina gleditsiae is ground into the powder that particle size is 60 mesh, it is 12 times of spina gleditsiae powder and volume that weight is added every time
Percentage is 70% ethanol, in 80 DEG C of water-bath refluxing extraction 1.5 hours, is extracted 2 times, and flow liquid is fetched every time, will be extracted 2 times
Phegma merge, moisture content is baked at 70 DEG C for 5%, crush and Spina Gleditsiae extract be obtained.After Sculellaria barbata is smashed, often
Secondary weight is that the deionized water of 16 times of Sculellaria barbata is decocted 1.5 hours, is decocted 3 times, and filtrate is taken every time, will decoct the filtrate of 3 times
After merging, it is original 13% to be concentrated into volume, is made Herba Scutellariae Barbatae extract；Above-mentioned Herba Scutellariae Barbatae extract and spina gleditsiae are extracted
Thing is 2 by weight：1 ratio is mixed and is made antimicrobial component of the invention；
By slurries, starchiness raw material, Proteinaceous raw material, vinasse and antimicrobial component obtained in step (2) obtained in step (1)
Pour into batch mixer together by weight ratio, and add the carbon dioxide that volume is above-mentioned all raw materials 2%, pressure is adjusted after sealing
Power is 0.4MPa, is stirred and evenly mixed, and fish meal premix is obtained；
(4) preparation of fish meal：In mould inner surface uniform application edible oil, fish meal obtained in step (3) is premixed
In material injection mould, it is that after 10%, the demoulding is crushed, and being made particle size is to dry under 70 DEG C of the vacuum condition to moisture content
The pellet of 3mm, is obtained fish meal.
Embodiment 2
Fish meal of the invention is mainly made up of the component of following portions by weight：Starchiness raw material 70kg, Proteinaceous raw material
47kg, crops cauline leaf 36kg, vinasse 18kg, antimicrobial component 10kg and edible oil 5kg.
Fish meal of the invention is mainly obtained by following methods：
(1) crops cauline leaf process：By weight it is 10：9：10：7：5 ratio weighs loosestrife, the certain herbaceous plants with big flowers that falls, Ipomoea batatas respectively
Leaf, cassava leaves and banana tender stem, then smash and are made slurries together；
(2) starchiness Feedstock treating：By weight it is 40：15：6 ratio weighs jackfruit kernel, lotus rhizome and jade respectively
Rice starch, jackfruit kernel is cooked and is pulverized, and lotus rhizome is broken into slurries, jackfruit kernel, lotus rhizome slurry and jade after pulverizing
Rice starch is mixed, and starchiness raw material is obtained；
(3) fish meal premix：
By dregs of beans, earthworm is dry and dried silkworm chrysalis is 30 by weight：6：5 ratio is crushed, and mixing, drying is made Proteinaceous original
Material；
Spina gleditsiae is ground into the powder that particle size is 40 mesh, it is 12 times of spina gleditsiae powder and volume that weight is added every time
Percentage is 70% ethanol, in 80 DEG C of water-bath refluxing extraction 1.5 hours, is extracted 2 times, and flow liquid is fetched every time, will be extracted 2 times
Phegma merge, moisture content is baked at 70 DEG C for 8%, crush and Spina Gleditsiae extract be obtained.After Sculellaria barbata is smashed, often
Secondary weight is that the deionized water of 16 times of Sculellaria barbata is decocted 1.5 hours, is decocted 3 times, and filtrate is taken every time, will decoct the filtrate of 3 times
After merging, it is original 13% to be concentrated into volume, is made Herba Scutellariae Barbatae extract；Above-mentioned Herba Scutellariae Barbatae extract and spina gleditsiae are extracted
Thing is 1.5 by weight：1 ratio is mixed and is made antimicrobial component of the invention；
By slurries, starchiness raw material, Proteinaceous raw material, vinasse and antimicrobial component obtained in step (2) obtained in step (1)
Pour into batch mixer together by weight ratio, and add the carbon dioxide that volume is above-mentioned all raw materials 3%, pressure is adjusted after sealing
Power is 0.6MPa, is stirred and evenly mixed, and fish meal premix is obtained；
(4) preparation of fish meal：In mould inner surface uniform application edible oil, fish meal obtained in step (3) is premixed
In material injection mould, it is that after 6%, the demoulding is crushed, and being made particle size is to dry under 80 DEG C of the vacuum condition to moisture content
The pellet of 5mm, is obtained fish meal.
Embodiment 3
Fish meal of the invention is mainly made up of the component of following portions by weight：Starchiness raw material 65kg, Proteinaceous raw material
38kg, crops cauline leaf 32kg, vinasse 15kg, antimicrobial component 9kg and edible oil 3kg.
Fish meal of the invention is mainly obtained by following methods：
(1) crops cauline leaf process：By weight it is 7：7：8：5：3 ratio weighs loosestrife, the certain herbaceous plants with big flowers that falls, Ipomoea batatas respectively
Leaf, cassava leaves and banana tender stem, then smash and are made slurries together；
(2) starchiness Feedstock treating：By weight it is 32：13：5.5 ratio weigh respectively jackfruit kernel, lotus rhizome and
Cornstarch, jackfruit kernel is cooked and is pulverized, and lotus rhizome is broken into slurries, jackfruit kernel after pulverizing, lotus rhizome slurry and
Cornstarch is mixed, and starchiness raw material is obtained；
(3) fish meal premix：
By dregs of beans, earthworm is dry and dried silkworm chrysalis is 15 by weight：5：4 ratio is crushed, and mixing, drying is made Proteinaceous original
Material；
Spina gleditsiae is ground into the powder that particle size is 50 mesh, it is 12 times of spina gleditsiae powder and volume that weight is added every time
Percentage is 70% ethanol, in 80 DEG C of water-bath refluxing extraction 1.5 hours, is extracted 2 times, and flow liquid is fetched every time, will be extracted 2 times
Phegma merge, moisture content is baked at 70 DEG C for 7%, crush and Spina Gleditsiae extract be obtained.After Sculellaria barbata is smashed, often
Secondary weight is that the deionized water of 16 times of Sculellaria barbata is decocted 1.5 hours, is decocted 3 times, and filtrate is taken every time, will decoct the filtrate of 3 times
After merging, it is original 13% to be concentrated into volume, is made Herba Scutellariae Barbatae extract；Above-mentioned Herba Scutellariae Barbatae extract and spina gleditsiae are extracted
Thing is 1.7 by weight：1 ratio is mixed and is made antimicrobial component of the invention；
By slurries, starchiness raw material, Proteinaceous raw material, vinasse and antimicrobial component obtained in step (2) obtained in step (1)
Weight proportion is poured into batch mixer together, and adds the carbon dioxide that volume is above-mentioned all raw materials 2%, and pressure is adjusted after sealing
It is 0.5MPa, stirs and evenly mixs, fish meal premix is obtained；
(4) preparation of fish meal：In mould inner surface uniform application edible oil, fish meal obtained in step (3) is premixed
In material injection mould, it is that after 8%, the demoulding is crushed, and being made particle size is to dry under 75 DEG C of the vacuum condition to moisture content
The pellet of 4mm, is obtained fish meal.
Embodiment 4
Fish meal of the invention is mainly made up of the component of following portions by weight：Starchiness raw material 63kg, Proteinaceous raw material
35kg, crops cauline leaf 31kg, vinasse 14kg, antimicrobial component 9kg and edible oil 2kg.
Fish meal of the invention is mainly obtained by following methods：
(1) crops cauline leaf process：By weight it is 5：6：5：3：2 ratio weighs loosestrife, the certain herbaceous plants with big flowers that falls, Ipomoea batatas respectively
Leaf, cassava leaves and banana tender stem, then smash and are made slurries together；
(2) starchiness Feedstock treating：By weight it is 25：10：5 ratio weighs jackfruit kernel, lotus rhizome and jade respectively
Rice starch, jackfruit kernel is cooked and is pulverized, and lotus rhizome is broken into slurries, jackfruit kernel, lotus rhizome slurry and jade after pulverizing
Rice starch is mixed, and starchiness raw material is obtained；
(3) fish meal premix：
By dregs of beans, earthworm is dry and dried silkworm chrysalis is 10 by weight：3：3 ratio is crushed, and mixing, drying is made Proteinaceous original
Material；
Spina gleditsiae is ground into the powder that particle size is 40 mesh, it is 12 times of spina gleditsiae powder and volume that weight is added every time
Percentage is 70% ethanol, in 80 DEG C of water-bath refluxing extraction 1.5 hours, is extracted 2 times, and flow liquid is fetched every time, will be extracted 2 times
Phegma merge, moisture content is baked at 70 DEG C for 5%, crush and Spina Gleditsiae extract be obtained.After Sculellaria barbata is smashed, often
Secondary weight is that the deionized water of 16 times of Sculellaria barbata is decocted 1.5 hours, is decocted 3 times, and filtrate is taken every time, will decoct the filtrate of 3 times
After merging, it is original 13% to be concentrated into volume, is made Herba Scutellariae Barbatae extract；Above-mentioned Herba Scutellariae Barbatae extract and spina gleditsiae are extracted
Thing is 2 by weight：1 ratio is mixed and is made antimicrobial component of the invention；
By slurries, starchiness raw material, Proteinaceous raw material, vinasse and antimicrobial component obtained in step (2) obtained in step (1)
Pour into batch mixer together by weight ratio, and add the carbon dioxide that volume is above-mentioned all raw materials 2%, pressure is adjusted after sealing
Power is 0.4MPa, is stirred and evenly mixed, and fish meal premix is obtained；
(4) preparation of fish meal：In mould inner surface uniform application edible oil, fish meal obtained in step (3) is premixed
In material injection mould, it is that after 6%, the demoulding is crushed, and being made particle size is to dry under 70 DEG C of the vacuum condition to moisture content
The pellet of 3mm, is obtained fish meal.
Embodiment 5
Fish meal of the invention is mainly made up of the component of following portions by weight：Starchiness raw material 67kg, Proteinaceous raw material
40kg, crops cauline leaf 33kg, vinasse 16kg, antimicrobial component 9kg and edible oil 4kg.
Fish meal of the invention is mainly obtained by following methods：
(1) crops cauline leaf process：By weight it is 10：9：10：7：5 ratio weighs loosestrife, the certain herbaceous plants with big flowers that falls, Ipomoea batatas respectively
Leaf, cassava leaves and banana tender stem, then smash and are made slurries together；
(2) starchiness Feedstock treating：By weight it is 40：15：6 ratio weighs jackfruit kernel, lotus rhizome and jade respectively
Rice starch, jackfruit kernel is cooked and is pulverized, and lotus rhizome is broken into slurries, jackfruit kernel, lotus rhizome slurry and jade after pulverizing
Rice starch is mixed, and starchiness raw material is obtained；
(3) fish meal premix：
By dregs of beans, earthworm is dry and dried silkworm chrysalis is 30 by weight：6：5 ratio is crushed, and mixing, drying is made Proteinaceous original
Material；
Spina gleditsiae is ground into the powder that particle size is 60 mesh, it is 12 times of spina gleditsiae powder and volume that weight is added every time
Percentage is 70% ethanol, in 80 DEG C of water-bath refluxing extraction 1.5 hours, is extracted 2 times, and flow liquid is fetched every time, will be extracted 2 times
Phegma merge, moisture content is baked at 70 DEG C for 8%, crush and Spina Gleditsiae extract be obtained.After Sculellaria barbata is smashed, often
Secondary weight is that the deionized water of 16 times of Sculellaria barbata is decocted 1.5 hours, is decocted 3 times, and filtrate is taken every time, will decoct the filtrate of 3 times
After merging, it is original 13% to be concentrated into volume, is made Herba Scutellariae Barbatae extract；Above-mentioned Herba Scutellariae Barbatae extract and spina gleditsiae are extracted
Thing is 1.5 by weight：1 ratio is mixed and is made antimicrobial component of the invention；
By slurries, starchiness raw material, Proteinaceous raw material, vinasse and antimicrobial component obtained in step (2) obtained in step (1)
Pour into batch mixer together by weight ratio, and add the carbon dioxide that volume is above-mentioned all raw materials 3%, pressure is adjusted after sealing
Power is 0.6MPa, is stirred and evenly mixed, and fish meal premix is obtained；
(4) preparation of fish meal：In mould inner surface uniform application edible oil, fish meal obtained in step (3) is premixed
In material injection mould, it is that after 10%, the demoulding is crushed, and being made particle size is to dry under 80 DEG C of the vacuum condition to moisture content
The pellet of 5mm, is obtained fish meal.
Comparative example 1
Fish meal of the invention is mainly made up of the component of following portions by weight：Starchiness raw material 63kg, Proteinaceous raw material
35kg, crops cauline leaf 31kg, vinasse 14kg and edible oil 2kg.
Fish meal of the invention is mainly obtained by following methods：
(1) crops cauline leaf process：By weight it is 5：6：5：3：2 ratio weighs loosestrife, the certain herbaceous plants with big flowers that falls, Ipomoea batatas respectively
Leaf, cassava leaves and banana tender stem, then smash and are made slurries together；
(2) starchiness Feedstock treating：By weight it is 25：10：5 ratio weighs jackfruit kernel, lotus rhizome and jade respectively
Rice starch, jackfruit kernel is cooked and is pulverized, and lotus rhizome is broken into slurries, jackfruit kernel, lotus rhizome slurry and jade after pulverizing
Rice starch is mixed, and starchiness raw material is obtained；
(3) fish meal premix：
By dregs of beans, earthworm is dry and dried silkworm chrysalis is 10 by weight：3：3 ratio is crushed, and mixing, drying is made Proteinaceous original
Material；
Slurries, starchiness raw material, Proteinaceous raw material and vinasse obtained in step (2) obtained in step (1) are matched somebody with somebody by weight
Than pouring into batch mixer together, and the carbon dioxide that volume is above-mentioned all raw materials 2% is added, pressure is adjusted after sealing is
0.4MPa, stirs and evenly mixs, and fish meal premix is obtained；
(4) preparation of fish meal：In mould inner surface uniform application edible oil, fish meal obtained in step (3) is premixed
In material injection mould, it is that after 6%, the demoulding is crushed, and being made particle size is to dry under 70 DEG C of the vacuum condition to moisture content
The pellet of 3mm, is obtained fish meal.
Comparative example 2
Fish meal of the invention is mainly made up of the component of following portions by weight：Starchiness raw material 67kg, Proteinaceous raw material
40kg, crops cauline leaf 33kg, vinasse 16kg, antimicrobial component 9kg and edible oil 4kg.
Fish meal of the invention is mainly obtained by following methods：
(1) crops cauline leaf process：By weight it is 10：7：It is tender that 5 ratio weighs sweet potato leaves, cassava leaves and banana respectively
Stem, then smashes and is made slurries together；
(2) starchiness Feedstock treating：By weight it is 40：15：6 ratio weighs jackfruit kernel, lotus rhizome and jade respectively
Rice starch, jackfruit kernel is cooked and is pulverized, and lotus rhizome is broken into slurries, jackfruit kernel, lotus rhizome slurry and jade after pulverizing
Rice starch is mixed, and starchiness raw material is obtained；
(3) fish meal premix：
By dregs of beans, earthworm is dry and dried silkworm chrysalis is 30 by weight：6：5 ratio is crushed, and mixing, drying is made Proteinaceous original
Material；
Spina gleditsiae is ground into the powder that particle size is 60 mesh, it is 12 times of spina gleditsiae powder and volume that weight is added every time
Percentage is 70% ethanol, in 80 DEG C of water-bath refluxing extraction 1.5 hours, is extracted 2 times, and flow liquid is fetched every time, will be extracted 2 times
Phegma merge, moisture content is baked at 70 DEG C for 8%, crush and Spina Gleditsiae extract be obtained.After Sculellaria barbata is smashed, often
Secondary weight is that the deionized water of 16 times of Sculellaria barbata is decocted 1.5 hours, is decocted 3 times, and filtrate is taken every time, will decoct the filtrate of 3 times
After merging, it is original 13% to be concentrated into volume, is made Herba Scutellariae Barbatae extract；Above-mentioned Herba Scutellariae Barbatae extract and spina gleditsiae are extracted
Thing is 1.5 by weight：1 ratio is mixed and is made antimicrobial component of the invention；
By slurries, starchiness raw material, Proteinaceous raw material, vinasse and antimicrobial component obtained in step (2) obtained in step (1)
Pour into batch mixer together by weight ratio, and add the carbon dioxide that volume is above-mentioned all raw materials 3%, pressure is adjusted after sealing
Power is 0.6MPa, is stirred and evenly mixed, and fish meal premix is obtained；
(4) preparation of fish meal：In mould inner surface uniform application edible oil, fish meal obtained in step (3) is premixed
In material injection mould, it is that after 10%, the demoulding is crushed, and being made particle size is to dry under 80 DEG C of the vacuum condition to moisture content
The pellet of 5mm, is obtained fish meal.
Comparative example 3
Fish meal of the invention is mainly made up of the component of following portions by weight：Starchiness raw material 65kg, Proteinaceous raw material
38kg, crops cauline leaf 32kg, vinasse 15kg, antimicrobial component 9kg and edible oil 3kg.
Fish meal of the invention is mainly obtained by following methods：
(1) crops cauline leaf process：By weight it is 7：7：8：5：3 ratio weighs loosestrife, the certain herbaceous plants with big flowers that falls, Ipomoea batatas respectively
Leaf, cassava leaves and banana tender stem, then smash and are made slurries together；
(2) starchiness Feedstock treating：By weight it is 32：13：5.5 ratio weigh respectively jackfruit kernel, lotus rhizome and
Cornstarch, jackfruit kernel is cooked and is pulverized, and lotus rhizome is broken into slurries, jackfruit kernel after pulverizing, lotus rhizome slurry and
Cornstarch is mixed, and starchiness raw material is obtained；
(3) fish meal premix：
By dregs of beans, earthworm is dry and dried silkworm chrysalis is 15 by weight：5：4 ratio is crushed, and mixing, drying is made Proteinaceous original
Material；
Spina gleditsiae is ground into the powder that particle size is 50 mesh, it is 12 times of spina gleditsiae powder and volume that weight is added every time
Percentage is 70% ethanol, in 80 DEG C of water-bath refluxing extraction 1.5 hours, is extracted 2 times, and flow liquid is fetched every time, will be extracted 2 times
Phegma merge, moisture content is baked at 70 DEG C for 7%, crush and Spina Gleditsiae extract be obtained.After Sculellaria barbata is smashed, often
Secondary weight is that the deionized water of 16 times of Sculellaria barbata is decocted 1.5 hours, is decocted 3 times, and filtrate is taken every time, will decoct the filtrate of 3 times
After merging, it is original 13% to be concentrated into volume, is made Herba Scutellariae Barbatae extract；Above-mentioned Herba Scutellariae Barbatae extract and spina gleditsiae are extracted
Thing is 1.7 by weight：1 ratio is mixed and is made antimicrobial component of the invention；
By slurries, starchiness raw material, Proteinaceous raw material, vinasse and antimicrobial component obtained in step (2) obtained in step (1)
Weight proportion is poured into batch mixer together, is stirred and evenly mixed under normal pressure, and fish meal premix is obtained；
(4) preparation of fish meal：In mould inner surface uniform application edible oil, fish meal obtained in step (3) is premixed
In material injection mould, it is that after 8%, the demoulding is crushed, and being made particle size is to dry under 75 DEG C of the vacuum condition to moisture content
The pellet of 4mm, is obtained fish meal.
In order to verify effect of fish meal provided by the present invention, fish meal of the invention is used to raise carp, entered together
The following cultivation contrast test of row, is divided into experimental group 1-5 and control group 1-3, totally 8 groups；
Wherein, the fish meal of experimental group 1-5 feedings embodiment 1-5；
The fish meal of the feeding comparative example 1 of control group 1, is free of by Herba Scutellariae Barbatae extract and spina gleditsiae in the fish meal of institute's feeding
The antimicrobial component that extract is made；
The fish meal of the feeding comparative example 2 of control group 2, the crops cauline leaf in the fish meal of institute's feeding is free of loosestrife and falls
Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers；
The fish meal of the feeding comparative example 3 of control group 3, when the fish meal of institute's feeding is pre-processed, does not add carbon dioxide, directly
Fish meal premix is mixed to prepare at ambient pressure.
Before culture experiment, test the density of feed and carry out following feed floatability contrast experiments：24L moisture into 8 parts is taken,
Every part of 3L, water temperature is 25 DEG C, and water quality difference is not notable in every group, fish meal 3g of the invention is taken respectively and is uniformly spilled into the water,
Floating situation of the observation feed in water, after 15 minutes, weighs the feed dry weight floated in water, floating of the statistics feed in water
Rate, the results are shown in Table shown in 1；
The density and floatability of the fish meal of the present invention of table 1
| Density (g/L) | Feed its floatability (%) | |
| Embodiment 1 | 411 | 95 |
| Embodiment 2 | 415 | 93 |
| Embodiment 3 | 420 | 96 |
| Embodiment 4 | 412 | 94 |
| Embodiment 5 | 410 | 93 |
| Comparative example 1 | 417 | 96 |
| Comparative example 2 | 412 | 95 |
| Comparative example 3 | 560 | 10 |
In table 1, feed its floatability refers to that the feed dry weight swum in water accounts for the initial feed gross weight being spilled into the water
Percentage.
From the result of table 1, embodiment of the present invention 1-5 and comparative example 1-2 when feed is prepared, with certain pressure
Closed batch mixer in add appropriate carbon dioxide, the density of the fish meal of preparation is significantly lower than comparative example 3；Put at room temperature
In water after 15 minutes, its floatability of embodiment 1-5 and comparative example 1-2 in water is 93-96%, and its floatability of comparative example 3 is only
10%；The above results illustrate effectively reduce the density of feed by preparation method of the invention, improve feed and are floated in water
The floating time.
8 fish ponds of specification identical have been divided in advance, and each fish pond area is 50 square metres, and equivalent is injected to 8 fish ponds
1600 tail carp fries by the end of July, are divided into 8 groups by the water at same water source, and every group of 200 tails, the size and constitution of every group of fry is poor
It is different not notable；The fry that will have divided is cultivated in being respectively put into 8 fish ponds.
In breeding process, fish meal of the invention is fed as follows：Fry phase carp feed feeding volume is
The 10% of fish body weight, was adjusted once every 10 days, was gradually reduced to 5%, and the adult fish phase, carp feed feeding volume was by fish body weight
4% be gradually reduced to 2%；Routinely carp culture method is cultivated for every group of experiment, and cultivation by the end of November terminates, and statistics is every
Fish goes out pond number, goes out the average size of pond rate and fish in group, the results are shown in Table shown in 2；
The raising result of the fish meal of the present invention of table 2
| Go out pond number (tail) | Go out pond rate (%) | Fish specification (gram/fish) | |
| Experimental group 1 | 190 | 95 | 1112 |
| Experimental group 2 | 187 | 94 | 1206 |
| Experimental group 3 | 192 | 96 | 1143 |
| Experimental group 4 | 192 | 96 | 1176 |
| Experimental group 5 | 188 | 94 | 1181 |
| Control group 1 | 150 | 75 | 993 |
| Control group 2 | 162 | 81 | 1001 |
| Control group 3 | 155 | 78 | 987 |
It is of the invention main by the use of the waste material of food and agricultural machining as raw material, by rational collocation and preparation method,
Nutritious, special taste and the small fish meal of density are made, the ability that fish can be promoted to absorb nutriment improves feed profit
With rate.From upper table result, experimental group 1-5 carries out carp culture using the fish meal obtained by embodiment 1-5, and fish goes out pond
Rate and average size are all higher than control group 1-3；In the fish meal that control group 1 feeds be free of antimicrobial component, control group 2 without battalion
Abundant loosestrife and the certain herbaceous plants with big flowers that falls is supported, the fish meal of control group 3 does not add carbon dioxide in preparation process, and under atmospheric pressure state
Be mixed with fish meal premix, in above-mentioned three groups of control groups fish go out pond rate and the average size of fish declines；Cultivation terminates
Afterwards, researcher of the invention has also counted the fish meal total amount used in the experiment of each group fish culture and has carried out contrast discovery, experimental group
The few 10-15% of the consumption of the feed amount ratio control group 1-3 of 1-5；Above-mentioned culture experiment result shows, according to fish of the invention
Feed formula and preparation method, can effectively improve the nutritive value and utilization rate of feed, improve absorption energy of the fish to nutriment
Power and survival rate, promote the growth of fish.
Fish meal of the invention can be additionally used in the feed of various aquacultures, there is equivalent effect, have a wide range of applications
Value.
Embodiment described above only expresses several embodiments of the invention, and its description is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
Therefore limitation of the scope of the invention can not be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art,
Without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to protection model of the invention
Enclose.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of fish meal, it is characterised in that be mainly made up of the component of following portions by weight：60-70 parts of starchiness raw material, egg
White 33-47 parts of property raw material, 27-36 parts, vinasse 12-18 parts, antimicrobial component 8-10 parts and edible oil 1-5 parts of crops cauline leaf；
The antimicrobial component is 1.5-2 by Herba Scutellariae Barbatae extract and Spina Gleditsiae extract by weight：1 ratio is made；
The crops cauline leaf is 5-10 by loosestrife, the certain herbaceous plants with big flowers that falls, sweet potato leaves, cassava leaves and banana tender stem by weight：6-9：5-
10：3-7：The ratio of 2-5 is made；
It is 25-40 by jackfruit kernel, lotus rhizome and cornstarch that the starchiness raw material is by weight：10-15：The ratio of 5-6
Example is made.
2. fish meal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the main component by following portions by weight of the fish meal
It is made：63-67 parts of starchiness raw material, Proteinaceous raw material 35-40 parts, 31-33 parts of crops cauline leaf, vinasse 14-16 parts, antibacterial into
Divide 9 parts and edible oil 2-4 parts.
3. fish meal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the Spina Gleditsiae extract is made up of following methods：Will
Spina gleditsiae is ground into the powder that particle size is 40-60 mesh, and it is 12 times of spina gleditsiae powder and percent by volume that weight is added every time
It is 70% ethanol, in 80 DEG C of water-bath refluxing extraction 1.5 hours, extracts 2 times, flow liquid is fetched every time, the backflow of 2 times will be extracted
Liquid merges, and moisture content is baked at 70 DEG C for 5-8%, crushes and Spina Gleditsiae extract is obtained.
4. fish meal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the Herba Scutellariae Barbatae extract is after Sculellaria barbata is smashed,
Decocted 1.5 hours with the deionized water that weight is 16 times of the Sculellaria barbata smashed every time, decocted 3 times, filtrate is taken every time, 3 will be decocted
After secondary filtrate merges, it is that original 13% is made to be concentrated into volume.
5. fish meal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the Proteinaceous raw material is by dregs of beans, earthworm be dry and silkworm
It is 10-30 that pupa is dry by weight：3-6：The ratio of 3-5 is crushed, and mixing, drying is made.
6. the preparation method of the fish meal described in any one of claim 1-5, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) crops cauline leaf process：Loosestrife, the certain herbaceous plants with big flowers that falls, sweet potato leaves, cassava leaves and banana tender stem are weighed in proportion, then together
Smash and be made slurries；
(2) starchiness Feedstock treating：Jackfruit kernel, lotus rhizome and cornstarch are weighed in proportion, and jackfruit kernel is cooked into stone roller
It is broken, lotus rhizome is broken into slurries, jackfruit kernel, the lotus rhizome slurry and cornstarch after pulverizing are mixed, and starchiness raw material is obtained；
(3) fish meal premix：By slurries, starchiness raw material, Proteinaceous raw material, vinasse obtained in step (2) obtained in step (1)
In the batch mixer poured into together by weight ratio with antimicrobial component, and add the titanium dioxide that volume is above-mentioned all raw material 2-3%
Carbon, it is 0.4-0.6MPa that pressure is adjusted after sealing, is stirred and evenly mixed, and fish meal premix is obtained；
(4) preparation of fish meal：In mould inner surface uniform application edible oil, fish meal premix obtained in step (3) is noted
In entering mould, dried under 70-80 DEG C of vacuum condition be 6-10% to moisture content after, the demoulding is crushed, and being made particle size is
The pellet of 3-5mm, is obtained fish meal.
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Application publication date: 20170707 |