CN106915736B - Cotton stalk method of comprehensive utilization - Google Patents
Cotton stalk method of comprehensive utilization Download PDFInfo
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- CN106915736B CN106915736B CN201710060404.3A CN201710060404A CN106915736B CN 106915736 B CN106915736 B CN 106915736B CN 201710060404 A CN201710060404 A CN 201710060404A CN 106915736 B CN106915736 B CN 106915736B
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- cotton
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- section material
- boll hull
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of cotton stalk method of comprehensive utilization, this method comprises: cotton stalk is handled, remove cotton leaf and boll hull, cotton leaf and boll hull are crushed, then fertilizer is made by fermentation process, while the cotton stalk for removing cotton leaf and boll hull is cut into a section material, charcoal is made.This method can make cotton stalk be fully used, available biological organic fertilizer while charcoal is made.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural wastes application technology as the second resource fields, and in particular to a kind of cotton stalk comprehensive utilization side
Method.
Background technique
China's agricultural straw resource amount is big and wide.But most of stalk is burned off in field, the edge of a field or threshing ground, or
Person peasant household is directly used as life fuel, or stalk is thrown aside to huddle and is left about.It does so and not only wastes resource, but also
It has seriously polluted the environment.With animal husbandry, industrial expansion, stalk is also increasingly taken seriously, still, China's stalk at present
Land use systems still have very big gap also in lower level compared with developed countries.China is maximum production cotton in the world
State, Cotton in China yield account for 1/4 of World cotton production or more, while producing cotton, also produce a large amount of cotton stalks
Waste.According to statistics, the cotton stalk that China has more than 50% is discarded or is burnt, and causes the serious wasting of resources and environment dirty
Dye.If these waste straws abundant can be efficiently used, it can not only turn waste into wealth, benefit the people, moreover it is possible to improve cotton planting
Overall economic efficiency.In recent years, more to the research report of cotton stalk progress Resources and utilization, however focus mostly on
Pulping and paper-making, fermented feed, construction material, chemical products raw material and manufacture edible mushroom etc..
CN105177052A discloses a kind of stalk fermentation technique, comprising the following steps: pretreatment: step 1 will collect
Whole stalks pre-processed with conventional method；Step 2, hydrolysis: being all put into hydrolytic tank for pretreated stalk,
Top sprays mixed liquor with spray head；Step 3, anaerobism: collecting the hydrolyzate of hydrolysis bottom of pond portion, squeeze into anaerobic pond with delivery pump,
Carry out anaerobic fermentation；Step 4 collects liquid: anaerobic pond being discharged a part and is discharged into conditioning tank, a part is discharged into aerobic tank
In；Aerobic tank water outlet enters in sedimentation basin, and sedimentation basin water outlet is discharged into conditioning tank；Step 5 returns spray: by the mixing in conditioning tank
Liquid is sprayed onto hydrolytic tank top by the spray head on hydrolytic tank time with spray pump is returned；Step 6 repeats step 3 to step 6, until
Only but no more than second year stalk cutting season when not producing gas；Discharging: step 7 the solid content in hydrolytic tank is taken out.
CN103740585A discloses a kind of straw marsh gas fermentation system, is related to microbiology relevant apparatus technical field,
Primary structure of the present invention includes the feed pipe and biogas pipe that the top of fermentation vat and fermentation vat is equipped with, and fermentation bottom of pond portion is equipped with
Slag-drip opening, the pond body of fermentation vat are the cylindrical structure of the double-deck three-stage.
CN102453676A discloses a kind of stover ferment agent, the main microbial components following including weight percent:
0.2-0.4 parts of excrement ghost umbrella, 0.1-0.3 parts of mould, 0.1-0.3 parts of trichoderma and 0.2-0.5 parts of ink-cap (Coprinus atramentartius).
CN103146606A discloses a kind of Microbial agent for high-efficiency straw fermentation, including white-rot fungi, lactobacillus acidophilus,
Trichoderma viride, bacillus subtilis and candida utili.
CN102337143A discloses a kind of carbonization method for straws comprising: the activation of A high-temperature gas, compacting: by soft straw
Stick solid object is made after crushing in stalk straw, wheat straw, rice husk under high pressure；B, it carbonizes: the stick solid object of step A is put
Enter in stalk gasification stove, igniting makes stalk divided combustion in the middle part of stalk gasification stove, and generated thermal energy keeps remaining straw-carbonized, straw
40~60% straw carbon of former stalk dry weight can be obtained after stalk carbonization；C, it is broken into particle, passes through converter and 800~1000 DEG C
Left and right water vapour carries out activation pore-creating, and active carbon is made using techniques such as rinsing, drying, millings.
CN102786970A discloses a kind of continuous aerobic fast carbonization technique of agricultural crop straw, includes the following steps: (1)
Stalk after air-dried cutting is continuously conveyed with certain feed rate into carbonization reaction device and carries out carbonization reaction, is passed through air
And light part stalk and provide heat for whole charing, the charcoal that carbonization reaction generates continuously is exported with certain charcoal rate that goes out；(2)
After step (1) carbonization reaction, stover at charcoal via with cooling jacket enclosing coil conveyer send out, out
Charcoal temperature is lower than 80 DEG C.
CN105879838A discloses a kind of method that modified cotton stalk biomass carbon prepares heavy metal high-efficiency adsorbent,
(1) cotton stalk clean drying shreds, and after crushed 20-100 mesh, carbonizes 3- at a temperature of 300 DEG C in Muffle furnace
6h to obtain the final product；(2) 0.3mol/L KMnO will first be added in cotton biomass carbon that step (1) is prepared4Solution adds matter
Amount score is 60%HNO3 solution, and 85-95 DEG C of heated at constant temperature 2.5-3.5h obtains modified production after filtering, cleaning, drying
Object, the biomass carbon and KMnO4Solution and HNO3The amount ratio of solution is 1g:(7-7.8) ml:(3.3-4.0) ml.
JP2010/055492A discloses a kind of manufacturing method of biomass carbon, will be biomass carbonated, generates biomass
Charcoal and exhaust gas containing tar make at least part of the tar in the gas of the discharge and the biomass and/or described
Biomass carbon contact, manufacture tar adheres to and the biomass carbon as carbide precipitation.
" producing edible mushroom technology mode using cotton stalk ", Chen Shuzhen etc., Hebei Agricultural Sciences, 2012,16 (11):
89-91 describes the prospect of edible mattress industry development, analyze using cotton stalk produce edible mattress meaning and technology can
Row；From raw material preparation, nutrition material formula, sowing hair mattress, fruiting period management, harvesting etc., describes utilize cotton respectively
The technical essential of stalk production oyster mushroom and mushroom.
However, in the above prior art, cotton stem diameter and cotton leaf, boll hull all not being distinguished processing and are subject to benefit respectively
With in fact, cotton leaf and boll hull, when preparing charcoal, the quality of charcoal is far below charcoal made of cotton stem diameter, cotton
Leaf and boll hull are not appropriate for preparing charcoal, can reduce the quality of charcoal instead, and simultaneously, cotton stalk is difficult to drop of fermenting
Solution, therefore the utilization of the two is lack of pertinence.This field needs one kind cotton stem diameter and cotton leaf, boll hull can be separated benefit
With selection is suitble to the suitable treatments mode of the two and is comprehensively utilized so that the various pieces of cotton stalk can realize maximum
The method of valueization.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above problems, the present inventor sufficiently combines the cotton of cotton stalk by further investigation and many experiments
The tissue characteristics difference of bar diameter and boll hull, cotton leaf has carried out differentiation to the two and specific aim is handled, thus to improve cotton straw
The comprehensive utilization ratio and utilization benefit of stalk.
In one aspect of the invention, cotton stalk method of comprehensive utilization is provided, this method comprises: (1) is by cotton stalk
It is handled, removes cotton leaf and boll hull, collected cotton leaf and boll hull is stand-by；(2) cotton leaf and boll hull are crushed, then by fermentation
Fertilizer is made in reason；(3) cotton stalk for removing cotton leaf and boll hull is cut into a section material, charcoal is made.
The step (2) preferably includes to prepare fertilizer by secondary fermentation processing.
Preferably, in step (2), the cotton leaf and boll hull of crushing is crushed and mixed with animal excreta, then fermented and
Prepare fertilizer i.e. bio-feritlizer.The weight ratio of the weight and animal excreta of cotton leaf and boll hull can be 1:2-1:10, preferably 1-6.
The animal excreta can be cow dung or pig manure or chicken manure, preferably fresh animal excreta.It is highly preferred that the animal
Excrement is pig manure.
The present inventor it has been investigated that, be in Economic Efficiency, the animal excreta be preferred from and cotton stalk handle
Farm within 200km.
The preparation of step (3) charcoal can be that high-temperature vapor charing is taken to be prepared.The vapor is not
It is oxygenous.
For the present invention, the step (2) preferably includes following steps:
1. the preferably weight ratio of 1:8 after mixing, can pass through cotton leaf and boll hull and animal excreta are pressed 1:2-1:10
Addition moisture regulation fermentation materials moisture content is 40%-70% weight, preferably 60% weight, additionally by addition urea or husk
(such as rice husk), the C/N ratio for adjusting fermentation materials is 20:1-30:l, the first fermenting agent is then inoculated with, based on fermentation materials
Poidometer, the inoculum concentration of complex micro organism fungicide are 0.5 ‰ -3.0 ‰, and 3d turning is primary, fermentation period 25d, yeasting
Temperature is 25 DEG C, for the first fermentation；
2. after fermentation first, making the temperature of (preferred center) inside fermentation materials by the way that water or Temperature fall is added
Degree is down to about 50 DEG C, and the second fermenting agent is added, and carries out second and ferments, and daily turning is primary, fermentation period 20d, and ferment ring
Border temperature is 25 DEG C；To which fertilizer, i.e. bio-feritlizer be made.
In above-mentioned first fermentation and the second fermentation, ventilation quantity can be every cubic metre of material 100-200m3/d。
First fermenting agent and the second fermenting agent are preferably different.
Preferably, first fermenting agent is made by the following method: by Trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae, bacillus subtilis
Bacterium and pseudomonad (being purchased from Yiyuan Kang Yuan company) are cultivated on culture medium, then mix and be made in proportion, tool
Body: 1. washing the preservation inclined-plane of each bacterial strain with sterile saline, until shaken up in sterile triangular flask bacteria suspension: 2. by bacterium
Suspension is inoculated in seed bottle, is cultivated 12h at 30 DEG C, under the conditions of 280rpm and is obtained seed liquor；3. 10% seed liquor is inoculated with
Expand culture 48h into fermentation flask and obtains the fermentation liquid of each bacterial strain；Respectively by the fermentation liquid of each bacterial strain and sterilizing wheat bran by 1:1's
It is dried after weight ratio mixed fermentation 24-72h, solid fungicide is made；The various solid fungicides of preparation are pressed into aspergillus oryzae: green wood
Mould: bacillus subtilis: pseudomonad is (3-5): (3-5): (1-2): (l-2), the preferably ratio of 3:3:1:1 are uniformly mixed,
The first fermenting agent is made.The study found that first fermenting agent can more promote compost temperature to rise, high-temperature duration is long,
Guarantee to which the secondary fermentation for next step provides fermentation temperature, in addition, fertilizer is always supported when using first fermenting agent
Divide content high, compost works well.
Preferably, second fermenting agent is made by the following method: in triangular flask be packed into culture solution (such as
50mL), then by Corilus versicolor Quel., penicillium chrysogenum, (the two is purchased from national forestry academy of sciences forest ecological environment and protection is ground
Study carefully institute) and EM bacteria agent (purchased from Jing Aimule Science and Technology Ltd.) be inoculated into respective fermentation broth respectively, wherein
The culture medium of Corilus versicolor Quel. and penicillium chrysogenum composition is as follows: in parts by weight, 10 parts of glucose, 5 parts of peptone, potassium nitrate 1
Part, 0.5 part of sodium chloride, 0.5 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.01 part of ferrous sulfate, appropriate distilled water is (for example, every
20g culture medium solid component 1000mL distilled water), pH 7.2-7.4；The culture medium of EM bacteria agent is beef extract-peptone culture
Base forms as follows: in parts by weight, 3.0 parts of beef extract, 5.0 parts of peptone, 5.0 parts of sodium chloride, appropriate distilled water (for example,
Every 20g culture medium solid component 1000mL distilled water), pH 7.0-7.1；By the culture medium after above-mentioned inoculation at 28 DEG C,
Shaken cultivation 96h under 1200r/h speed；Then by above-mentioned three kinds of microorganism fungus kinds expanding propagation in biofluid fermentor,
And according to (1-3): (1-3): the ratio of (5-10) is combined, and the second composite bacteria agent is made.The present inventor the study found that this
Two composite bacteria agents are particularly suitable for northern area, particularly northern cold area or cold season compost fermentation, are autumn cotton stalk
Current year fermentation creates condition, and it is overstocked and rotten to reduce cotton stalk.Such as temperature is very behind Xinjiang region, cotton harvesting phase
Fast-turn construction is cold, and general fermenting agent or single fermentation microbial inoculum can not effectively ferment under this low temperature.
In another aspect of this invention, provide a kind of cotton stalk method of comprehensive utilization i.e. hydro-thermal charing method, i.e., by
The method (step (3) in such as cotton stalk method of comprehensive utilization) of cotton stalk charcoal, method includes the following steps:
(1) cotton stalk is cut into a section material, the average length of section material is 0.5cm-2cm, preferably 0.5-1.0cm, most preferably 0.6-
0.8cm；(2) cotton stalk section material is immersed in NH4In Cl solution, 1-5h is impregnated at 50-80 DEG C；(3) by the warp of step (2)
The cotton stalk section material of immersion takes out, and drains；(4) the cotton stalk section material after draining is placed in container, and being passed through temperature is
150-400 DEG C of vapor heats 2-6h；(5) it then cools to room temperature, sufficiently washs carbonizing production with hydrochloric acid solution, then use
Water washing is distilled, the pH until washing solution is 6-7, is then dried to get biomass carbon.
The biomass carbon is particularly suitable for soil improvement.
Preferably, the vapor is not oxygenous.
The vapor is preferably contained in the nitrogen of vapor stereometer 10-50v%.
In the method for the invention, the NH4Cl solution is aqueous solution, concentration 0.1-0.5mol/L.
Preferably, the temperature of the vapor is 350 DEG C.
The cotton stalk and NH4The mass ratio of Cl solution is preferably 1:2-1:5.
It optionally and preferably, further include being pre-processed to cotton stalk before step (1), which includes
Remove the cotton leaf and levant cotton exocarp on cotton stalk.
The container can be charing container.The charing container is preferably tube furnace or tunnel type heating container.
Biomass carbon made from the method for the present invention with frequently with destructive distillation (thermal decomposition) or use inert gas such as nitrogen
As carrier gas decomposed made from charcoal compare, since high-temperature vapor has high osmosis, carbonization temperature is relatively low and the time
Short, high-temperature vapor uses the biomass carbon for making preparation to have pore structure abundant, and compared with art methods,
It can retain and obtain the organic matter of higher amount, to make biomass carbon fertilizer with higher when being used as soil improvement ingredient
Effect.
By the method for the invention, additionally it is possible to obtain higher that Carbon yield, the yield of the biomass carbon of the method for the present invention are
50-70%, preferably 60%.In contrast, in employing nitrogen as the method thermally decomposed for carrier gas, Carbon yield
Or obtaining charcoal rate is about 40%.
In existing general biomass carbon preparation, zinc chloride is added as chemical activating agent.However, human hair of the present invention
Existing, existing biomass carbon, which is substantially, makes for the preparation of absorption active carbon, if by biology made from this method
Matter carbon is used for soil improvement or reparation, then can be to undesirable zinc ion is introduced in soil, and zinc ion can enter planted work
In object, and then harm is brought to human body.For this purpose, the present inventor is after study, using NH4Cl is as activator, activation effect
It is more slightly lower than zinc chloride, but harm will not be brought to soil, and remaining ammonium can also bring the nitrogen of fertility synergy to soil
Element.Using NH4Cl is as activator in the prior art there is not yet report.
In order to further increase activation effect, inventors also developed activator new shown in a kind of lower formula (I),
NH can be substituted4Cl activator:
The compound has good pore-forming effect, may be particularly advantageous for forming macropore in biomass carbon, activates
Effect is better than NH4Cl and zinc chloride.
Activator shown in formula (I) can be made by the following method: stoichiometrically by imidazoles and 1- butyl bromide
It is added in DMF solution, is heated to reflux 1-3h, is cooled to room temperature, filter, DMF solvent then is removed under reduced pressure in much filtrate, is added
Cold hydrochloric acid solution, is stirred at room temperature 1-2h, is being concentrated under reduced pressure, and yellow oil is obtained, as living shown in formula (I)
Agent.
By using the activator of formula (I), and NH is used4Cl is compared as activator, and macropore ratio can be made to improve 20-
30%, with ZnCl2It compares, macropore ratio can be made to improve 5-10%, to be more advantageous to dissolved nitrogen in soil and minerals
The absorption of element accommodates, although the activator cost of formula (I) is apparently higher than NH4Cl, those skilled in the art can be according to soil
Improvement requires to make a choice.
For the present invention, compared with the charing of simple vapor, the presence of nitrogen can be improved the calorific value of charing medium, mention
High heating efficiency can also save the dosage of steam to improving charing efficiency, can be in addition, by the addition of nitrogen
Partial vapour pressure needed for adjusting, keeps technological operation more flexible.
The present inventor also found through research, if crushed cotton stalk to carry out charcoal according to conventional practices
Change, will affect its cellulose texture, and then will affect the form and structure of charcoal obtained in carbonization process.For soil
The charcoal of improvement and the active carbon for being used for other purposes such as adsorbent have different requirements, research hair in property and form
Completely, as being not thorough, the possible effect of carbonizing production is more preferable, in this feelings for the undesirable charing of the current charcoal in soil improvement
Can either deliver under condition charcoal porosity a little, and the biological nutrient that can retain biomass for example not exclusively carbonizes
Organic matter such as cellulose etc..If being crushed and then being carbonized cotton stalk, easily make the complete charcoal of cotton stalk
Change, and increases process energy consumption and cost.When being carbonized using method of the invention using section shape cotton stalk, from straw
The center of stalk is to outside, and gradually more sufficiently, i.e., outer layer charcoal protects internal incomplete carbonizing production for charing, can be by charcoal and biology
The advantages of nutritional ingredient, sufficiently combines.Even if obtained product is crushed, it can also retain enough ASI systematic approach.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that effectively can not impregnate and carbonize if not doing truncation, carry out very hemp to process bands
It is tired.Studies have shown that the average length of section material is the most advantageous when being 0.5cm-2cm, preferably 0.5-1.0cm, it is higher or lower than the model
It encloses and is all difficult to obtain ideal activation or charred effect.
The SEM figure of the biomass carbon obtained according to the method for the present invention is shown with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 1.It can be seen by the figure
Out, the carbonizing production obtained according to the method for the present invention remains certain fiber morphology.In addition, from its irregular and coarse shape
State can be seen that charcoal obtained with high surface area.In carbonization process, the evaporation of ammonium chloride leaves in charcoal
Abundant hole.
Since biomass carbon charcoal of the invention is rich in organic carbon, soil organic carbon can be increased, be manured into soil
Afterwards, it can be made to keep stablizing and being not easy to be decomposed by the microorganisms in a short time for a long time, organic carbon can be preserved largely,
And the nitrogen nutrition as consumed by the mineralization of carbon can be reduced, thus compared with straw-returning and application hog manure and common charcoal
Soil organic matter and total nitrogen content can be significantly improved by changing product.
In the step (4), pressure is preferably 0.1-0.5MPa.
For the present invention, it is described drain in this field to drain meaning essentially identical, refer to drip except most of water, no
Influence subsequent operation.
In a preferred embodiment, the BET specific surface area (S of charcoal of the inventionBET) it is 200-1800m2/ g,
Preferably 1800m2/g。
It is highly preferred that biomass carbon surface of the invention is rich in oxygen-containing functional group.Can significantly it increase rich in oxygen-containing functional group
Add the adsorption capacity and exchange activity of biomass carbon, to increase Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils, promotes slowly releasing for nutriment
It puts, reduces nutrient elution, improve plant recovery of nutrient.
In an especially preferred embodiment, the biomass carbon and bio-feritlizer preferably obtained the present invention is with 3:1-
The weight ratio of 10:1, preferably 6:1 mix, and soil amendment fertilizer is made.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the SEM figure of according to embodiments of the present invention 1 biomass carbon obtained.
Specific embodiment
As understood by those skilled in the art, the specific surface area of biomass carbon can be measured according to standard BET method；Total hole body
Long-pending and average pore size can be measured according to SEM figure, and surface functional group content is according to the shape of O atom content and XPS data
State is calculated；Soil Analysis in Agricultural Chemistry conventional method can be used in nutrient measurement.
Embodiment 1
Cotton stalk is derived from Shanghe County, Jinan City, and the ripe cotton stalk after taking 2015 annual cotton harvestings removes defoliation, shell,
Without removing side shoot, it is shady and cool stand-by to deposit in test chamber ventilated.Cotton stalk is cut into a section material, section material average length is 0.8cm,
The cotton stalk of truncation is immersed in NH4In Cl solution, 3h is impregnated at 60 DEG C, and soaking cotton stalk is then taken out into drip
It is dry, the cotton stalk after draining is placed in tube heater (from Gongyi City Li Hua Mechanology Inc.), being passed through temperature is 350 DEG C
Vapor, pressure 0.3MPa heats 5h, then cools to room temperature, takes out, with the abundant washed product of 35% hydrochloric acid solution,
It is washed with distilled water again, then the pH until washing solution is dried between 6-7 to get biomass carbon.
Through detecting, the S of the biomass carbonBET=1401m2/ g, Carbon yield 62%, total content of organic carbon 510g/kg.
Embodiment 2
The cotton leaf isolated in embodiment 1 and boll hull are uniformly mixed with fresh cow dung by the weight ratio of 1:8, addition is passed through
Moisture regulation fermentation materials moisture content is 60 weight %, and the C/N that fermentation materials are adjusted additionally by addition urea and husk is 25:
Then l is inoculated with previously described first fermenting agent, the poidometer based on fermentation materials, the inoculum concentration of complex micro organism fungicide
To be primary for 0.8 ‰, 3d turning, fermentation period 25d, yeasting temperature is 25 DEG C, for the first fermentation；In the first fermentation
After, so that fermentation materials internal temperature is down to about 50 DEG C by the way that water or Temperature fall is added, is added previously described second
Fermenting agent carries out second and ferments, and daily turning is primary, fermentation period 20d, and yeasting temperature is 25 DEG C, and biology is made
Fertilizer.In above-mentioned first fermentation and the second fermentation, ventilation quantity is every cubic metre of material 150m3/d.The bio-feritlizer can be straight
It connects and is administered to fertilizer efficiency lean soil and is improved.
Comparative example 1
The operation of embodiment 2 is repeated, difference, which is only that, is not cut into a section material for cotton, is ground into length and not surpassed
Cross the particle or powder of 1.0mm.Through detecting, the SBET=1232m of biomass carbon obtained2/ g, Carbon yield 64%, always has
Machine carbon content is 401g/kg.
By above example and comparative example it can be clearly seen that the specific surface area of comparative example 1 reduces, thus it is speculated that its reason,
When using powdered cotton stalk, charing is excessively complete, and organic matter decomposition is excessively abundant, and in addition pore structure collapses,
Specific surface area is caused to reduce, this can lead to when it is used for soil improvement to the fixing of dissolved nitrogen and other nutritional ingredients and mineral
It accommodates insufficient.The total content of organic carbon of additional embodiment 1 is relatively high, can increase organic carbon content of soil, to improve
The nutrient sticking capacity and water-holding capacity of soil.The high bio-feritlizer of fertilizer efficiency can also be effectively made in the present invention.To make cotton
Stalk obtains extremely comprehensively comprehensively utilizing.
This written description discloses the present invention, including optimal mode using example, and also enables those skilled in the art
The manufacture and use present invention.It is of the invention can patentable scope limited by its appended claims, and may include
Other examples that those skilled in the art expect.If this other examples have not different from the literal language of claims
Structural element, or if this other examples include the equivalent structure with the literal language of claims without substantial differences
Element, then this other examples are intended within the scope of claims.In the case where not will cause inconsistent degree, pass through
It is incorporated herein with reference to by all references referred to herein place.
Claims (9)
1. cotton stalk method of comprehensive utilization, this method comprises:
(1) cotton stalk is handled, removes cotton leaf and boll hull, collected cotton leaf and boll hull is stand-by；
(2) cotton leaf and boll hull are crushed, fertilizer is then made by fermentation process；With
(3) cotton stalk for removing cotton leaf and boll hull is cut into a section material, charcoal is made；
Wherein, the step (3) the following steps are included:
1. cotton stalk is cut into a section material, the average length of section material is 0.5cm-2cm；2. cotton stalk section material is immersed in activation
In agent solution, 1-5h is impregnated at 50-80 DEG C；3. the soaking cotton stalk section material of step 2. is taken out, drain；4. will drip
Cotton stalk section material after dry is placed in container, is passed through the vapor that temperature is 150-400 DEG C, heats 2-6h；5. then cooling
To room temperature, carbonizing production is sufficiently washed with hydrochloric acid solution, then is washed with distilled water, the pH until washing solution is 6-7, is then dried
It does to get biomass carbon；
The activator is activator new shown in lower formula (I):
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) includes: to prepare fertilizer by secondary fermentation processing.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2 mixes wherein crushing the cotton leaf and boll hull of crushing in step (2) with animal excreta,
Then it is fermented to prepare fertilizer.
4. according to the method in claim 3, the weight ratio of the weight and animal excreta of cotton leaf and boll hull is 1:2-1:10.
5. according to the method in claim 3, the animal excreta is cow dung or pig manure or chicken manure.
6. method according to claim 5, the animal excreta is fresh animal excreta.
7. method according to claim 5, the animal excreta is pig manure.
8. according to the method in claim 3, the animal excreta is from the farm with cotton stalk processing within 200km.
9. method according to claim 1 or 2, step (3) charcoal is prepared as taking high-temperature vapor charing to carry out
Preparation.
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| CN108190888A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-06-22 | 淮北智淮科技有限公司 | A kind of biomass granular activated carbon and preparation method thereof |
| CN113943189A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-01-18 | 梁鹏举 | Method for preparing biomass compound liquid organic fertilizer by utilizing agricultural wastes |
| CN115231964A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-10-25 | 刘修奎 | Preparation method of comprehensive organic rice fertilizer |
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| CN101723716A (en) * | 2008-11-04 | 2010-06-09 | 姜兴民 | Process for producing organic fertilizer through rapidly fermenting bean meal and cotton shell by utilizing microbial agent |
| CN103396171B (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2014-10-15 | 上海交通大学 | Environmentally friendly biochar-based fertilizer and application method thereof |
| CN103467192B (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2015-11-25 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所 | A kind of cotton stalk prepares the method for charcoal base manure material |
| CN105837381A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-08-10 | 安徽昊利肥业有限公司 | Biomass organic fertilizer for soil improvement |
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