CN106912429B - Breeding method of crayfishes - Google Patents
Breeding method of crayfishes Download PDFInfo
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- CN106912429B CN106912429B CN201710115413.8A CN201710115413A CN106912429B CN 106912429 B CN106912429 B CN 106912429B CN 201710115413 A CN201710115413 A CN 201710115413A CN 106912429 B CN106912429 B CN 106912429B
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- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
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- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 244000284380 Hibiscus rosa sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/12—Asteraceae or Compositae [Aster or Sunflower family], e.g. daisy, pyrethrum, artichoke, lettuce, sunflower, wormwood or tarragon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic product cultivation, in particular to a crayfish breeding method; the method comprises the following steps: building a pond, culturing water, treating parent shrimps, breeding and feeding; the method effectively promotes the gonad development of the parent shrimps and the ovary maturation, is safe and nontoxic, has rich nutritional value, can promote the sexual maturation of the parent shrimps, effectively improves the bait conversion rate, strengthens the physique, shortens the propagation time, effectively enhances the propagation efficiency, brings direct economic benefit, has the egg holding amount of the female shrimps of more than 800 on average, and has the hatching rate of 93.1 percent by adopting the propagation method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic product cultivation, in particular to a crayfish breeding method.
Background
The meat of the crayfish is delicious and rich in nutrition, is a health-care food with high protein, low fat, high energy and nutrition, has high protein content in the body, is soft in meat quality, is easy to digest, and is a good food for people who are weak and need to be recuperated after illness; the shrimp meat is rich in magnesium, zinc, iodine, selenium, etc., and magnesium has important regulating effect on heart activity, can protect cardiovascular system, reduce cholesterol content in blood, prevent arteriosclerosis, and dilate coronary artery, and is beneficial to preventing hypertension and myocardial infarction.
Along with the continuous improvement of living standard of people, people are more and more high to the living quality requirement, also very high to the diet quality requirement, people are also increasing at a high speed to the demand volume of nutritive value abundant crayfish, but crayfish output on the existing market can't satisfy people's urgent demand, because current crayfish breeds the technique and often adopts outdoor free-ranging, the existence management is not normal, the parent shrimp ability of laying eggs is low, and the quality of laying eggs descends, the crayfish seedling survival rate has been caused to hang down, it is difficult to satisfy the huge demand of existing market to crayfish, consequently, it is important economic meaning to carry out scientific and reasonable setting to breeding of crayfish.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a crayfish breeding method for solving the technical problems.
The method is realized by the following technical scheme:
a breeding method of crayfishes comprises the following steps:
(1) building a pool: the depth of a culture pond is 0.8-1 m, 8-12 cm of soil covers the peripheral walls of the pond, the middle of the pond is also provided with a soil wall which is 20cm thick and protrudes out of the water surface, escape nets are arranged on the periphery of the pond, a row of aeration pipes are built at the bottom of the pond every 2-2.5 m, aeration pipes are arranged at the bottom and the periphery of the pond, and the pond and the periphery of the pond are disinfected by disinfectants one week before water enters;
(2) water culture: planting typha and zizania latifolia alternately on soil and soil walls covered around the pond, putting water into the pond the next day, putting a bio-organic fertilizer into the pond according to the amount of 120-150 kg/mu, putting a microalgae extract into the pond according to the amount of 80-100 kg/mu after 5-6 days, and putting parent shrimps after 3 days;
(3) parent shrimp treatment: selecting shrimps which are strong in physique, strong in mobility, complete in appendages, free of mechanical damage and more than 10 months old in the last 3 months of the year, wherein the male-female ratio is 3: 1, soaking the shrimps in 2-2.5% saline water for 15-20 min, and then respectively putting the shrimps into a medicated bath culture pond for feeding for 2-3 d, so that the shrimps can be put into the culture pond in the step (1);
(4) and (3) propagation: in the last ten days of 4 months, adjusting the temperature of pond water to 18-20 ℃ through an air pipe in the pond, adjusting the dissolved oxygen in the pond to 4.8-5.2 mg/L through an aeration pipe, adjusting the pH value of the pond water to 5-6.5, spraying an inducer to the pond every 5 days according to the amount of 20-30 kg/mu before hatching the crayfishes, stopping spraying the inducer after hatching, sampling and checking the egg-holding condition of the shrimps in the last ten days of 5 months, adjusting the temperature of the pond water to 24-27 ℃ when the number of the egg-holding shrimps reaches more than 80% of the total number of the female shrimps, sampling and checking the number of the young shrimps, and harvesting when the number of the young shrimps reaches more than 30% of the total number of the hatching in the season;
(5) feeding: after the parent shrimps are put in, the parent shrimps are fed with the feed twice a day in the morning and at night.
Furthermore, the breather pipe can be introduced with steam or liquid ammonia, and the temperature of the water tank can be adjusted in real time.
Further, the disinfectant is prepared by mixing the pseudolarix, the plantain herb, the dandelion, the stone-like omphalia and the like in mass, adding water, decocting, filtering, adding hydrogen peroxide which is 0.4-0.5 time of the mass of filtrate, stirring for 10-15 min by using a magnetic stirrer, heating and concentrating to 1/3, adding alcohol which is 0.25-0.3 time of the volume of concentrated solution, and standing for 24 h.
Further, the biological organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of biogas slurry, 6-10 parts of plant ash, 15-20 parts of chicken manure, 8-12 parts of tea cake, 4-6 parts of earthworm powder, 2-4 parts of soybean meal, 0.8-1.2 parts of fishbone powder and 3-6 parts of compound fertilizer.
Further, the bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing biogas slurry, plant ash, chicken manure, tea cakes, earthworm powder, bean pulp and fishbone powder, putting the mixture into a fermentation chamber, adjusting the temperature of the fermentation chamber to 35-40 ℃, adjusting the relative humidity to 45-55%, adjusting the pH value of the mixture to 4.5-5.5 by using sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid, fermenting for 15-20 days, crushing the mixture and mixing the mixture with a compound fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the compound fertilizer is 1: 0.1-0.4: 0.3-0.7.
Further, the microalgae extract is prepared by collecting microalgae, removing impurities, drying and crushing, adding hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 1.5-1.8 mol/L to soak for 30-35 min, filtering, adding sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 10, soaking for 15-18 min, filtering, washing with water until the pH value is 7-7.5, adding water, stirring for 15-20 min in a constant-temperature water bath at 80-90 ℃, cooling to the normal temperature, adding acetone with the mass being 3 times that of the microalgae, performing reflux leaching for 30-35 min, recovering the acetone, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate to 1/3.
Further, the medicated bath culture pond is a medicated bath prepared by diluting a traditional Chinese medicine liquid with water to obtain a content of 20-30%, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of birthwort root, 7-11 parts of corn stigma, 1-2 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 3-5 parts of herba epimedii, 15-20 parts of motherwort and 12-18 parts of astragalus membranaceus; decocting in water, and filtering to obtain filtrate.
Further, the inducer consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of epimedium, 8-12 parts of semen allii tuberose, 1-2 parts of angelica sinensis, 3-6 parts of white hyacinth bean, 1-2 parts of liquorice, 1-2 parts of cinnamon, 1-2 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 5-8 parts of ricepaper pith, 6-9 parts of radix puerariae and 8-12 parts of cowherb seed.
Further, the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of fish meal, 10-20 parts of wheat middling, 12-18 parts of earthworm powder, 8-12 parts of dried small shrimp powder, 2-5 parts of honey, 12-18 parts of white paeony root, 4-8 parts of ligusticum chuanxiong hort, 8-12 parts of glossy privet fruit, 2-6 parts of medlar and 2-4 parts of sodium citrate.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the method effectively promotes the gonad development of the parent shrimps and the ovary maturation through scientific and reasonable steps of pool building, water culture, parent shrimp treatment, propagation and feeding, is safe and non-toxic, has rich nutritive value, can promote the sexual maturation of the parent shrimps, effectively improves the bait conversion rate, strengthens the physique, shortens the propagation time, effectively enhances the propagation efficiency and brings direct economic benefit, the egg holding amount of the female shrimps is more than 800 on average, and the hatching rate reaches 93.1 percent by adopting the propagation method.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention as claimed in the claims.
Example 1
A breeding method of crayfishes comprises the following steps:
(1) building a pool: the depth of a culture pond is 0.8m, the peripheral walls of the pond are covered with 8cm of soil, the middle of the pond is also provided with a soil wall which is 20cm thick and protrudes out of the water surface, escape nets are arranged on the periphery of the pond, a row of aeration pipes are built at the bottom of the pond every 2m, aeration pipes are arranged at the bottom and the periphery of the pond, steam or liquid ammonia can be introduced, the temperature of the pond is adjusted in real time, the pond and the periphery are disinfected by a disinfectant one week before water is introduced, the disinfectant is prepared by mixing the mass of pseudolarix, plantain, dandelion, omphalia and the like, adding hydrogen peroxide 0.4 times of the mass of filtrate, stirring for 10min by a magnetic stirrer, heating and concentrating to 1/3, adding alcohol 0.25 times of the volume of the concentrated solution, and standing for 24 h;
(2) water culture: cattail and cane shoots are planted on soil and a soil wall covered around the pool in a staggered manner, water is put into the pool the next day, and a bio-organic fertilizer is put into the pool according to the amount of 120 kg/mu, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20kg of biogas slurry, 6kg of plant ash, 15kg of chicken manure, 8kg of tea cakes, 4kg of earthworm powder, 2kg of bean pulp, 0.8kg of fishbone powder and 3kg of compound fertilizer; after 5-6 days, putting the microalgae extract into a pool according to the amount of 80 kg/mu, and after 3 days, putting parent shrimps, wherein the microalgae extract is obtained by collecting microalgae, removing impurities, drying and crushing, adding 1.5mol/L hydrochloric acid for soaking for 30min, filtering, adding sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 10, soaking for 15min, filtering, washing until the pH value is 7, adding water, stirring for 15min in a constant-temperature water bath at 80 ℃, cooling to normal temperature, adding acetone with the mass being 3 times that of the microalgae, refluxing and leaching for 30min, recovering the acetone, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate to 1/3;
(3) parent shrimp treatment: in the last 3 months of the year, selecting shrimps with strong physique, strong motility, complete appendages, no mechanical damage and more than 10 months of age, wherein the male-female ratio is 3: 1, soaking the male and female shrimps in 2% saline water for 15min, and adding the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15kg of birthwort root, 7kg of corn stigma, 1kg of sophora flavescens, 3kg of epimedium, 15kg of motherwort and 12kg of astragalus membranaceus; adding water, decocting, taking filtrate, adding water to dilute into a medicated bath with the content of 20%, and respectively feeding parent shrimps into the medicated bath culture pond for 2-3 days, so that the parent shrimps can be put into the culture pond in the step (1).
(4) And (3) propagation: in the last ten days of 4 months, the temperature of pond water is adjusted to be 18 ℃ through an air pipe in the pond, the dissolved oxygen in the pond is adjusted to be 4.8mg/L through an aeration pipe, the pH value of the pond water is adjusted to be 5, an inducer is sprayed on the pond every 5 days according to the amount of 20 kg/mu after the crayfish is hatched, the spraying of the inducer is stopped after the crayfish is hatched, the egg-laying condition of the crayfish is sampled and checked in the last ten days of 5 months, when the number of the egg-laying crayfish reaches more than 80% of the total number of the female crayfish, the temperature of the pond water is adjusted to be 24 ℃, the dissolved oxygen in the pond is adjusted to be 5.8mg/L, the number of the young crayfish is sampled and checked, and when the number of the young crayfish reaches more than 30% of the;
(5) feeding: after the parent shrimps are put in, the parent shrimps are fed with the feed twice a day in the morning and at night.
The bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing biogas slurry, plant ash, chicken manure, tea cakes, earthworm powder, bean pulp and fishbone powder, putting the mixture into a fermentation chamber, adjusting the temperature of the fermentation chamber to 35 ℃ and the relative humidity to 45%, adjusting the pH value of the mixture to 4.5 by using sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid, fermenting for 15-20 days, crushing and mixing with a compound fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the compound fertilizer is 1: 0.1: 0.3.
The inducer consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10kg of epimedium, 8kg of semen allii tuberosi, 1kg of angelica sinensis, 3kg of white hyacinth bean, 1kg of liquorice, 1kg of cinnamon, 1kg of eucommia bark, 5kg of ricepaper pith, 6kg of radix puerariae and 8kg of cowherb seed.
The feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10kg of fish meal, 10kg of wheat middling, 12kg of earthworm powder, 8kg of dried small shrimp powder, 2kg of honey, 12kg of white paeony root, 4kg of ligusticum chuanxiong hort, 8kg of glossy privet fruit, 2kg of medlar and 2kg of sodium citrate.
Example 2
A breeding method of crayfishes comprises the following steps:
(1) building a pool: the depth of a culture pond is 1m, the walls of the pond on the periphery of the culture pond are covered with soil of 12cm, the middle of the culture pond is also provided with a soil wall which is 20cm thick and protrudes out of the water surface, escape nets are arranged on the periphery of the culture pond, a row of aeration pipes are built at the bottom of the culture pond every 2.5m, aeration pipes are arranged at the bottom and the periphery of the culture pond, steam or liquid ammonia can be introduced, the temperature of the culture pond is adjusted in real time, the culture pond and the periphery of the culture pond are disinfected by a disinfectant one week before water is introduced, the disinfectant is prepared by mixing the mass of pseudolarix, plantain herb, dandelion, omphalia and the like, adding water for boiling, filtering, adding hydrogen peroxide of which is 0.5 times of the mass of filtrate, stirring for 15min by a magnetic stirrer, heating and concentrating to 1/3, adding alcohol of which is 0.;
(2) water culture: cattail and cane shoots are planted on soil and a soil wall covered around the pool in a staggered manner, water is put into the pool the next day, and a bio-organic fertilizer is put into the pool according to the amount of 150 kg/mu, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30kg of biogas slurry, 10kg of plant ash, 20kg of chicken manure, 12kg of tea cakes, 6kg of earthworm powder, 4kg of bean pulp, 1.2kg of fishbone powder and 6kg of compound fertilizer; after 5-6 days, putting the microalgae extract into a pool according to the amount of 100 kg/mu, putting parent shrimps after 3 days, wherein the microalgae extract is obtained by collecting microalgae, removing impurities, drying and crushing, adding 1.8mol/L hydrochloric acid for soaking for 35min, filtering, adding sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 10, soaking for 18min, filtering, washing until the pH value is 7.5, adding water, stirring for 20min in a constant-temperature water bath at 90 ℃, cooling to normal temperature, adding acetone with the mass being 3 times that of the microalgae, performing reflux extraction for 35min, recovering the acetone, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate to 1/3;
(3) parent shrimp treatment: selecting shrimps which are strong in physique, strong in mobility, complete in appendages, free of mechanical damage and more than 10 months old in the last 3 months of the year, wherein the male-female ratio is 3: 1, respectively soaking male and female shrimps in 2.5% saline water for 20min, and mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20kg of birthwort root, 11kg of corn stigma, 2kg of sophora flavescens, 5kg of epimedium, 20kg of motherwort and 18kg of astragalus membranaceus; adding water, decocting, taking filtrate, adding water to dilute into a medicated bath with the content of 30%, and respectively feeding parent shrimps into the medicated bath culture pond for 2-3 days, so that the parent shrimps can be put into the culture pond in the step (1).
(4) And (3) propagation: adjusting the temperature of pond water to 20 ℃ through an air pipe in the pond, adjusting the dissolved oxygen in the pond to 5.2mg/L through an aeration pipe and the pH value of the pond water to 6.5 in the last ten days of 4 months, spraying an inducer to the pond every 5 days according to the amount of 30 kg/mu before the crayfishes are hatched, stopping spraying the inducer after the crayfishes are hatched, sampling and checking the egg-holding condition of the shrimps in the last ten days of 5 months, adjusting the temperature of the pond water to 27 ℃ when the number of the egg-holding shrimps reaches more than 80% of the total number of the female shrimps, adjusting the dissolved oxygen in the pond to 6.2mg/L, sampling and checking the number of the young shrimps, and harvesting when the number of the young shrimps reaches more than 30% of the total number of the young shrimps hatched shrimps in the same season;
(5) feeding: after the parent shrimps are put in, the parent shrimps are fed with the feed twice a day in the morning and at night.
The bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing biogas slurry, plant ash, chicken manure, tea cakes, earthworm powder, bean pulp and fishbone powder, putting the mixture into a fermentation chamber, adjusting the temperature of the fermentation chamber to 40 ℃ and the relative humidity to 55%, adjusting the pH value of the mixture to 5.5 by using sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid, fermenting for 20 days, crushing and mixing with a compound fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the compound fertilizer is 1: 0.4: 0.7.
The inducer consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15kg of epimedium, 12kg of semen allii tuberosi, 2kg of angelica sinensis, 6kg of white hyacinth bean, 2kg of liquorice, 2kg of cinnamon, 2kg of eucommia bark, 8kg of ricepaper pith, 9kg of radix puerariae and 12kg of cowherb seed.
The feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20kg of fish meal, 20kg of wheat middling, 18kg of earthworm powder, 12kg of dried small shrimp powder, 5kg of honey, 18kg of white paeony root, 8kg of ligusticum chuanxiong hort, 12kg of glossy privet fruit, 6kg of medlar and 4kg of sodium citrate.
Example 3
A breeding method of crayfishes comprises the following steps:
(1) building a pool: the depth of a culture pond is 0.9m, the peripheral walls of the culture pond are covered with 10cm of soil, the middle of the culture pond is also provided with a soil wall which is 20cm thick and protrudes out of the water surface, escape nets are arranged on the periphery of the culture pond, a row of aeration pipes are built at the bottom of the culture pond every 2.3m, aeration pipes are arranged at the bottom and the periphery of the culture pond, steam or liquid ammonia can be introduced, the temperature of the culture pond is adjusted in real time, the culture pond and the periphery are disinfected by using a disinfectant one week before water is introduced, the disinfectant is prepared by mixing the mass of hibiscus skin, plantain herb, dandelion, omphalia and the like, adding hydrogen peroxide 0.45 times of the mass of filtrate, stirring for 13min by using a magnetic stirrer, heating and concentrating to 1/3, adding alcohol 0.28 times of the volume of the concentrated solution, and standing for 24 h;
(2) water culture: cattail and cane shoots are planted on soil and a soil wall covered around the pool in a staggered manner, water is put into the pool the next day, and a bio-organic fertilizer is put into the pool according to the amount of 130 kg/mu, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25kg of biogas slurry, 8kg of plant ash, 18kg of chicken manure, 10kg of tea cakes, 5kg of earthworm powder, 3kg of bean pulp, 1kg of fishbone powder and 5kg of compound fertilizer; after 5-6 days, putting the microalgae extract into a pool according to the amount of 90 kg/mu, and after 3 days, putting parent shrimps, wherein the microalgae extract is obtained by collecting microalgae, removing impurities, drying and crushing, adding hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 1.7mol/L, soaking for 33min, filtering, adding sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 10, soaking for 17min, filtering, washing until the pH value is 7-7.5, adding water, stirring for 18min in a constant-temperature water bath at 85 ℃, cooling to the normal temperature, adding acetone with the mass of 3 times of that of the microalgae, performing reflux extraction for 33min, recovering the acetone, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate to 1/3;
(3) parent shrimp treatment: in the last 3 months of the year, selecting shrimps with strong physique, strong motility, complete appendages, no mechanical damage and more than 10 months of age, wherein the male-female ratio is 3: 1, soaking the male and female shrimps in 2.3% saline water for 18min, and adding the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18kg of birthwort root, 9kg of corn stigma, 1.5kg of lightyellow sophora root, 4kg of epimedium herb, 18kg of motherwort herb and 15kg of astragalus root; adding water, decocting, taking filtrate, adding water to dilute into a medicated bath with the content of 25%, and respectively feeding parent shrimps into the medicated bath culture pond for 2-3 days, so that the parent shrimps can be put into the culture pond in the step (1).
(4) And (3) propagation: in the last ten days of 4 months, adjusting the temperature of pond water to 19 ℃ through an air pipe in the pond, adjusting the dissolved oxygen in the pond to 5mg/L through an aeration pipe, adjusting the pH value of the pond water to 6, spraying an inducer to the pond once every 5 days according to the amount of 25 kg/mu before hatching the crayfishes, stopping spraying the inducer after hatching, sampling and checking the egg-holding condition of the shrimps in the last ten days of 5 months, adjusting the temperature of the pond water to 25 ℃, adjusting the dissolved oxygen in the pond to 6mg/L when the number of the egg-holding shrimps reaches more than 80% of the total number of the female shrimps, sampling and checking the number of the young shrimps, and harvesting when the number of the young shrimps reaches more than 30% of the total number of the young shrimps hatched shrimps in the season;
(5) feeding: after the parent shrimps are put in, the parent shrimps are fed with the feed twice a day in the morning and at night.
The bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing biogas slurry, plant ash, chicken manure, tea cakes, earthworm powder, bean pulp and fishbone powder, putting the mixture into a fermentation chamber, adjusting the temperature of the fermentation chamber to 38 ℃ and the relative humidity to 50%, adjusting the pH value of the mixture to 5 by using sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid, fermenting for 18 days, crushing and mixing with a compound fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the compound fertilizer is 1: 0.3: 0.5.
The inducer consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13kg of epimedium, 10kg of semen allii tuberosi, 1.5kg of angelica sinensis, 5kg of white hyacinth bean, 1.5kg of liquorice, 1.5kg of cinnamon, 1.5kg of eucommia bark, 7kg of ricepaper pith, 8kg of radix puerariae and 10kg of cowherb seed.
The feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15kg of fish meal, 15kg of wheat middling, 15kg of earthworm powder, 10kg of dried small shrimp powder, 3kg of honey, 15kg of white paeony root, 6kg of ligusticum chuanxiong hort, 10kg of glossy privet fruit, 5kg of medlar and 3kg of sodium citrate.
Example 4
A breeding method of crayfishes comprises the following steps:
(1) building a pool: the depth of a culture pond is 0.8m, the walls of the pond on the periphery of the culture pond are covered with soil of 12cm, the middle of the culture pond is also provided with a soil wall which is 20cm thick and protrudes out of the water surface, escape nets are arranged on the periphery of the culture pond, a row of aeration pipes are built at the bottom of the culture pond every 2m, aeration pipes are arranged at the bottom and the periphery of the culture pond, steam or liquid ammonia can be introduced, the temperature of the culture pond is adjusted in real time, the culture pond and the periphery of the culture pond are disinfected by a disinfectant one week before water is introduced, the disinfectant is prepared by mixing the mass of pseudolarix, plantain herb, dandelion, omphalia and the like, adding water for boiling, filtering, adding hydrogen peroxide of which is 0.4 times of the mass of filtrate, stirring for 10min by a magnetic stirrer, heating and concentrating to 1/3, adding alcohol of which is 0.;
(2) water culture: cattail and cane shoots are planted on soil and a soil wall covered around the pool in a staggered manner, water is put into the pool the next day, and a bio-organic fertilizer is put into the pool according to the amount of 120 kg/mu, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20kg of biogas slurry, 6kg of plant ash, 20kg of chicken manure, 12kg of tea cakes, 4kg of earthworm powder, 2kg of bean pulp, 0.8kg of fishbone powder and 6kg of compound fertilizer; after 5-6 days, putting the microalgae extract into a pool according to the amount of 100 kg/mu, and after 3 days, putting parent shrimps, wherein the microalgae extract is obtained by collecting microalgae, removing impurities, drying and crushing, adding 1.5mol/L hydrochloric acid for soaking for 30min, filtering, adding sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 10, soaking for 18min, filtering, washing until the pH value is 7.5, adding water, stirring for 15min in a constant-temperature water bath at 80 ℃, cooling to normal temperature, adding 3 times of acetone of the mass of the microalgae, performing reflux extraction for 30-35 min, recovering the acetone, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate to 1/3;
(3) parent shrimp treatment: in last 3 months of the year, selecting shrimps with strong physique, strong motility, complete appendages, no mechanical damage and more than 10 months of age, wherein the male-female ratio is 3: 1, soaking the shrimps in saline water with the concentration of 2-2.5% for 15min, and mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15kg of birthwort root, 11kg of corn stigma, 1kg of sophora flavescens, 5kg of epimedium, 15kg of motherwort and 12kg of astragalus membranaceus; adding water, decocting, taking filtrate, adding water to dilute into a medicated bath with the content of 20%, and respectively feeding parent shrimps into the medicated bath culture pond for 2-3 days, so that the parent shrimps can be put into the culture pond in the step (1).
(4) And (3) propagation: adjusting the temperature of pond water to 18 ℃ through an air pipe in the pond, adjusting the dissolved oxygen in the pond to 5.2mg/L through an aeration pipe, adjusting the pH value of the pond water to 6.5, spraying an inducer to the pond every 5 days before hatching of the crayfish, stopping spraying the inducer after hatching, sampling and checking the egg-holding condition of the crayfish in the last ten days of the month 5, adjusting the temperature of the pond water to 24 ℃ when the number of the egg-holding crayfish reaches more than 80% of the total number of the female crayfish, adjusting the dissolved oxygen in the pond to 6.2mg/L, sampling and checking the number of the young crayfish, and harvesting when the number of the young crayfish reaches more than 30% of the total number of the hatching in the season;
(5) feeding: after the parent shrimps are put in, the parent shrimps are fed with the feed twice a day in the morning and at night.
The bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing biogas slurry, plant ash, chicken manure, tea cakes, earthworm powder, bean pulp and fishbone powder, putting the mixture into a fermentation chamber, adjusting the temperature of the fermentation chamber to 35 ℃ and the relative humidity to 45%, adjusting the pH value of the mixture to 4.5 by using sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid, fermenting for 20 days, crushing and mixing with a compound fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the compound fertilizer is 1: 0.2: 0.3.
The inducer consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15kg of epimedium, 8kg of semen allii tuberosi, 1kg of angelica sinensis, 6kg of white hyacinth bean, 2kg of liquorice, 1kg of cinnamon, 1.5kg of eucommia bark, 5kg of ricepaper pith, 6kg of radix puerariae and 10kg of cowherb seed.
The feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15kg of fish meal, 20kg of wheat middling, 18kg of earthworm powder, 12kg of dried small shrimp powder, 2kg of honey, 12kg of white paeony root, 8kg of ligusticum chuanxiong hort, 12kg of glossy privet fruit, 2kg of medlar and 2kg of sodium citrate.
Example 5
A breeding method of crayfishes comprises the following steps:
(1) building a pool: the depth of a culture pond is 0.8m, the peripheral walls of the pond are covered with 8cm of soil, the middle of the pond is also provided with a soil wall which is 20cm thick and protrudes out of the water surface, escape nets are arranged on the periphery of the pond, a row of aeration pipes are built at the bottom of the pond every 2m, aeration pipes are arranged at the bottom and the periphery of the pond, steam or liquid ammonia can be introduced, the temperature of the pond is adjusted in real time, the pond and the periphery are disinfected by a disinfectant one week before water is introduced, the disinfectant is prepared by mixing the mass of pseudolarix, plantain, dandelion, omphalia and the like, adding hydrogen peroxide 0.4 times of the mass of filtrate, stirring for 10min by a magnetic stirrer, heating and concentrating to 1/3, adding alcohol 0.25 times of the volume of the concentrated solution, and standing for 24 h;
(2) water culture: cattail and cane shoots are planted on soil and a soil wall covered around the pool in a staggered manner, water is put into the pool the next day, and a bio-organic fertilizer is put into the pool according to the amount of 120 kg/mu, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30kg of biogas slurry, 10kg of plant ash, 20kg of chicken manure, 12kg of tea cakes, 4kg of earthworm powder, 2kg of bean pulp, 0.8kg of fishbone powder and 3kg of compound fertilizer; after 5-6 days, putting the microalgae extract into a pool according to the amount of 100 kg/mu, putting parent shrimps after 3 days, wherein the microalgae extract is obtained by collecting microalgae, removing impurities, drying and crushing, adding 1.5mol/L hydrochloric acid for soaking for 30min, filtering, adding sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 10, soaking for 18min, filtering, washing until the pH value is 7.5, adding water, stirring for 20min in a constant-temperature water bath at 80 ℃, cooling to normal temperature, adding 3 times of acetone of the mass of the microalgae, performing reflux extraction for 30min, recovering the acetone, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate to 1/3;
(3) parent shrimp treatment: in the last 3 months of the year, selecting shrimps with strong physique, strong motility, complete appendages, no mechanical damage and more than 10 months of age, wherein the male-female ratio is 3: 1, soaking the male and female shrimps into 2% saline water for 20min, and adding the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15kg of birthwort root, 7kg of corn stigma, 2kg of sophora flavescens, 5kg of epimedium, 15kg of motherwort and 18kg of astragalus membranaceus; adding water, decocting, taking filtrate, adding water to dilute into a medicated bath with the content of 30%, and respectively feeding parent shrimps into the medicated bath culture pond for 2-3 days, so that the parent shrimps can be put into the culture pond in the step (1).
(4) And (3) propagation: in the last ten days of 4 months, the temperature of pond water is adjusted to be 18 ℃ through an air pipe in the pond, the dissolved oxygen in the pond is adjusted to be 4.8mg/L through an aeration pipe, the pH value of the pond water is adjusted to be 5, an inducer is sprayed on the pond every 5 days according to the amount of 30 kg/mu after the crayfish is hatched, the spraying of the inducer is stopped after the crayfish is hatched, the egg-laying condition of the crayfish is sampled and checked in the last ten days of 5 months, when the number of the egg-laying crayfish reaches more than 80% of the total number of the female crayfish, the temperature of the pond water is adjusted to be 27 ℃, the dissolved oxygen in the pond is adjusted to be 6.2mg/L, the number of the young crayfish is sampled and checked, and when the number of the young crayfish reaches more than 30% of the;
(5) feeding: after the parent shrimps are put in, the parent shrimps are fed with the feed twice a day in the morning and at night.
The bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing biogas slurry, plant ash, chicken manure, tea cakes, earthworm powder, bean pulp and fishbone powder, putting the mixture into a fermentation chamber, adjusting the temperature of the fermentation chamber to 35 ℃ and the relative humidity to 45%, adjusting the pH value of the mixture to 5.5 by using sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid, fermenting for 15 days, crushing and mixing with a compound fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the compound fertilizer is 1: 0.4: 0.3.
The inducer consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15kg of epimedium, 8kg of semen allii tuberosi, 2kg of angelica sinensis, 6kg of white hyacinth bean, 2kg of liquorice, 2kg of cinnamon, 1kg of eucommia bark, 5kg of ricepaper pith, 6kg of radix puerariae and 10kg of cowherb seed.
The feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20kg of fish meal, 10kg of wheat middling, 18kg of earthworm powder, 12kg of dried small shrimp powder, 2kg of honey, 12kg of white paeony root, 8kg of ligusticum chuanxiong hort, 8kg of glossy privet fruit, 4kg of medlar and 3kg of sodium citrate.
Examples of the experiments
The breeding method is adopted to cultivate the young seedlings, the average brooding amount, the hatching rate and the hatching quality of the brooding shrimps are counted, the traditional breeding method is adopted to carry out comparison, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Item | Test group | Control group |
| Amount/granule of ovum | 819.3 | 681.2 |
| Hatchability% | 93.1 | 84.7 |
| Survival rate of hatched young shrimps% | 95.6 | 81.3 |
Claims (1)
1. The breeding method of crayfishes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) building a pool: the depth of a culture pond is 0.8-1 m, 8-12 cm of soil covers the peripheral walls of the pond, the middle of the pond is also provided with a soil wall which is 20cm thick and protrudes out of the water surface, escape nets are arranged on the periphery of the pond, a row of aeration pipes are built at the bottom of the pond every 2-2.5 m, aeration pipes are arranged at the bottom and the periphery of the pond, and the pond and the periphery of the pond are disinfected by disinfectants one week before water enters;
(2) water culture: planting typha and zizania latifolia alternately on soil and soil walls covered around the pond, putting water into the pond the next day, putting a bio-organic fertilizer into the pond according to the amount of 120-150 kg/mu, putting a microalgae extract into the pond according to the amount of 80-100 kg/mu after 5-6 days, and putting parent shrimps after 3 days;
(3) parent shrimp treatment: selecting shrimps which are strong in physique, strong in mobility, complete in appendages, free of mechanical damage and more than 10 months old in the last 3 months of the year, wherein the male-female ratio is 3: 1, soaking the shrimps in 2-2.5% saline water for 15-20 min, and then respectively putting the shrimps into a medicated bath culture pond for feeding for 2-3 d, so that the shrimps can be put into the culture pond in the step (1);
(4) and (3) propagation: in the last ten days of 4 months, adjusting the temperature of pond water to 18-20 ℃ through an air pipe in the pond, adjusting the dissolved oxygen in the pond to 4.8-5.2 mg/L through an aeration pipe, adjusting the pH value of the pond water to 5-6.5, spraying an inducer to the pond every 5 days according to the amount of 20-30 kg/mu before hatching the crayfishes, stopping spraying the inducer after hatching, sampling and checking the egg-holding condition of the shrimps in the last ten days of 5 months, adjusting the temperature of the pond water to 24-27 ℃ when the number of the egg-holding shrimps reaches more than 80% of the total number of the female shrimps, sampling and checking the number of the young shrimps, and harvesting when the number of the young shrimps reaches more than 30% of the total number of the hatching in the season;
(5) feeding: after the parent shrimps are put in, the parent shrimps are fed with the feed twice a day in the morning and at night;
the aeration pipe can be filled with steam or liquid ammonia, and the temperature of the pool is adjusted in real time;
the disinfectant is prepared by mixing the pseudolarix, the plantain herb, the dandelion, the omphalia and the like in mass, adding water, decocting, filtering, adding hydrogen peroxide which is 0.4-0.5 time of the mass of filtrate, stirring for 10-15 min by using a magnetic stirrer, heating and concentrating to 1/3, adding alcohol which is 0.25-0.3 time of the volume of concentrated solution, and standing for 24 h;
the biological organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of biogas slurry, 6-10 parts of plant ash, 15-20 parts of chicken manure, 8-12 parts of tea cake, 4-6 parts of earthworm powder, 2-4 parts of soybean meal, 0.8-1.2 parts of fishbone powder and 3-6 parts of compound fertilizer;
the bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing biogas slurry, plant ash, chicken manure, tea cakes, earthworm powder, bean pulp and fishbone powder, putting the mixture into a fermentation chamber, adjusting the temperature of the fermentation chamber to 35-40 ℃, adjusting the relative humidity to 45-55%, adjusting the pH value of the mixture to 4.5-5.5 by using sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid, fermenting for 15-20 days, crushing and mixing with a compound fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the compound fertilizer is 1: 0.1-0.4: 0.3-0.7;
the microalgae extract is prepared by collecting microalgae, removing impurities, drying, crushing, adding hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 1.5-1.8 mol/L, soaking for 30-35 min, filtering, adding sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 10, soaking for 15-18 min, filtering, washing with water until the pH value is 7-7.5, adding water, stirring for 15-20 min in a constant-temperature water bath at 80-90 ℃, cooling to normal temperature, adding acetone with the mass being 3 times that of the microalgae, performing reflux extraction for 30-35 min, recovering the acetone, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate to 1/3;
the inducer consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of epimedium, 8-12 parts of semen allii tuberose, 1-2 parts of angelica sinensis, 3-6 parts of white hyacinth bean, 1-2 parts of liquorice, 1-2 parts of cinnamon, 1-2 parts of eucommia bark, 5-8 parts of ricepaper pith, 6-9 parts of radix puerariae and 8-12 parts of cowherb seed;
the medicated bath culture pond is a medicated bath prepared by diluting a traditional Chinese medicine liquid with water to obtain a medicated bath with the content of 20-30%, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of birthwort root, 7-11 parts of corn stigma, 1-2 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 3-5 parts of herba epimedii, 15-20 parts of motherwort and 12-18 parts of astragalus membranaceus; decocting in water, and filtering to obtain filtrate;
the feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of fish meal, 10-20 parts of wheat middling, 12-18 parts of earthworm powder, 8-12 parts of dried small shrimp powder, 2-5 parts of honey, 12-18 parts of white paeony root, 4-8 parts of ligusticum chuanxiong hort, 8-12 parts of glossy privet fruit, 2-6 parts of medlar and 2-4 parts of sodium citrate.
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