CN106912428B - Method for preventing and treating harmful algae in river crab ecological breeding pond through multi-organism synergy - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating harmful algae in river crab ecological breeding pond through multi-organism synergy Download PDFInfo
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- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 241001247197 Cephalocarida Species 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000195649 Chlorella <Chlorellales> Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000514719 Mactra quadrangularis Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000031513 cyst Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000371997 Eriocheir sinensis Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000200287 Gymnodinium Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000147076 Amomum parvum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000200158 Amphidinium Species 0.000 description 1
- ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000195620 Euglena Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000200284 Gymnodinium sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000168525 Haematococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001505010 Onychostoma Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001531268 Prorocentrum minimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008199 Rhododendron molle Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001769 paralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000238 shellfish toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling harmful algae in an ecological breeding pond of river crabs by multi-organism synergy, which comprises the steps of putting artemia with certain biomass in a pond where the harmful algae occur by utilizing the nutrient salt competition of the algae and the ingestion of zooplankton and shellfish, eliminating the harmful algae in water by the ingestion of the artemia, and taking the artemia as bait when the ecological crab seedlings grow to the period of eye larvae. The method is a biological control method for red tide algae, does not pollute the environment, does not harm the cultured animals, can form a food chain of harmful algae, artemia and crab seedlings, and turns harmful into beneficial.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for preventing harmful algae in an ecological river crab breeding pond through multi-organism synergy.
Background
Eriocheir sinensis (A. sinensis)Eriocheir sinensis) The method is also called river crab, is an important characteristic aquatic product economic variety in China, in recent years, soil pond ecological breeding becomes a main breeding mode of river crab seedlings, the unit yield level of the river crab ecological breeding is continuously improved along with the improvement of breeding technology, but the eutrophication of the pond is intensified in the late breeding period caused by the improvement, the occurrence probability of harmful flagellate in the pond is obviously improved, and the survival rate of the crab seedlings is seriously influenced. For example, in Liaoning Panjin region in Liaohe Delta of China, which is the prosperous region of river crabs in China, harmful algae such as Gymnodinium parvum (A.parvum) are often encountered in the course of raising the seedlings of river crabsGymnodinium gracilentum) Onystosoma ovaliformis (Haematococcus ovale) (II)Exuviaella minima) Gymnodinium preyeri (Gymnodinium sp.) (Amphidinium sp) When the red tide algae is harmed, the frequently occurring Onychostoma ovirens contains paralytic shellfish poison,the toxicity is strong, the death of a large number of crab seedlings can be caused, the yield of the damaged seedling pool can be reduced by 50-80%, and as the ecological seedling culture area is large and the water changing condition is limited, vast seedling culturists are deeply harmed but are stranded.
At present, in the face of the harm of harmful algae to the ecological breeding of river crabs, the following two control methods are mainly adopted: 1. the whole pond is disinfected by bleaching powder before seedling raising. Only plays an initial preventive role, and when harmful algae occur in large quantities during the breeding process, the chemical disinfectants cannot be used because the chemical disinfectants have strong toxic effects on the crab seedlings. 2. Water changing: during the process of raising the seedlings, part of the pond generated by harmful algae can be replaced with water, the concentration of the harmful algae in the pond can be reduced by the water replacement mode, but the capability of the ecological crab larva for resisting external stimulation is weaker, a large amount of water replacement can damage the crab larva, and if the water quality condition is suitable for the growth of the harmful algae, the water replacement can possibly cause the proliferation of the harmful algae.
In view of the above, there is a need for a method for controlling red tide algae suitable for ecological breeding in river crab soil ponds, which can solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for preventing and controlling the harmful algae in the eriocheir sinensis breeding pond by using the cooperation of phytoplankton and aquatic animals, and effectively solves the problem of yield reduction and even dead production loss caused by the harmful algae in the ecological breeding of river crabs.
The technical scheme of the invention is a method for preventing and treating harmful algae in an ecological river crab breeding pond through multi-organism synergy, wherein the harmful algae breeding is inhibited by utilizing the chlorella population advantage in the early stage of breeding, and the mass breeding of the harmful algae in the ecological river crab breeding pond is prevented by utilizing the modes of artemia feeding and mactra veneriformis straining in the later stage of breeding, so that the biological prevention and treatment method for the harmful algae in the ecological river crab breeding is formed.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
beginning to culture chlorella in an outdoor soil pond at the beginning of 4 months; performing ecological breeding of river crabs in an outdoor soil pond at the beginning of 5 months, and injecting chlorella into the breeding pond from the chlorella pond when the crab seedlings grow to the second stage of the flea larvae, so that the density of the chlorella in the breeding pond reaches 200 plus materials of 300 ten thousand per ml, and avoiding harmful algae in the early stage of breeding from becoming dominant species by utilizing the species dominance of the chlorella and the competition of nutritive salt;
b, putting artemia cysts in a cement pond of the workshop in the last ten days of month 5, wherein the density is about 20 per ml, the salinity is 27-30, the water temperature is controlled to be 25-28 ℃, a large amount of air is needed during the period, the artemia cysts hatch out larvae in 24-48 hours, and the chlorella paste is fed after two days, and the density is 300 per thousand per ml. Changing water once every two days, changing rich fertilizer water of outdoor algae, collecting cultured artemia by using a 100-mesh silk screen when the artemia needs to be thrown, and directly transporting the artemia to a crab larva pond in a barreled mode;
c. the artemia are thrown into the stage IV of the river crab seedling flea larvae, algae composition conditions in water are periodically checked by a microscope, and the artemia which are cultured are thrown into a seedling pond with harmful algae such as euglena, ooglena and the like: when the harmful algae biomass is 10-20mg/l, 5 Kg/mu is thrown in; when the biomass is more than 20mg/l, throwing 10 Kg/mu, and uniformly splashing at an upper air inlet when throwing;
d. feeding mactra veneriformis into a seedling pond with the harmful alga biomass of more than 20mg/l, feeding the mactra veneriformis into an air inlet below the seedling pond in a hanging cage mode, wherein the mesh of the hanging cage is 20 meshes, the mactra veneriformis is pricked and floated, the hanging culture depth is 50-100cm, 70-100 mactra veneriformis are placed in each cage, one cage is placed at the air inlet port below the pond every 3 m, the temporary culture time is 3-6 days, and when the harmful alga biomass is reduced to be less than 10mg/l, taking out the hanging cage.
The method for preventing and treating the harmful algae in the river crab ecological breeding pond by the multi-organism synergy has the beneficial effects that the three organisms have synergistic effects, and the population advantage of chlorella and nutrient salt competition are utilized to prevent the harmful algae in the early breeding stage from becoming dominant population. The strong tolerance capability and the feeding capability of the artemia to the harmful algae are utilized to control the rapid propagation of the harmful algae. The artemia can be directly taken as bait for crab larvae in larval period, and the mactra veneriformis can be reused after being taken out. The whole prevention and treatment process does not use medicines, does not bring pollution and medicine residues, and is a prevention and treatment method which saves cost and is ecological.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
In 2015, river crab ecological breeding is carried out in delta areas of Panjin City in Liaoning province, and the implementation steps are as follows.
a. Beginning in 4 months, culturing chlorella in an outdoor soil pool. The culture density reaches 2000 ten thousand/ml. And (3) performing ecological breeding of the river crabs in the outdoor soil pond at the beginning of 5 months, and injecting chlorella into the breeding pond from the chlorella pond when the crab seedlings grow to the second stage of the flea larvae, so that the density of the chlorella in the breeding pond reaches 200 plus materials of 300 ten thousand per ml.
b. In the last ten days of 5 months, artemia cysts are put into a cement pond in a workshop, the density is about 20/ml, the salinity is 27-30, the water temperature is controlled at 25-28 ℃, a large amount of air is needed in the period, the artemia cysts hatch larvae in 24-48 hours, and the chlorella paste is fed after two days, and the density is 300-. The water is changed once every two days, and the rich fertilizer water of the outdoor algae is changed. Collecting the cultured artemia by using a 100-mesh silk net when the artemia needs to be thrown, and directly transporting the artemia to a crab larva pond in a barreled mode.
c. The artemia are thrown into the river crab seedling flea larva at the stage IV, algae composition conditions in water are regularly checked by a microscope, and after the microscopic examination, 5 seedling ponds in 20 seedling ponds generate gymnodinia parvum and oodinoflagellam parvum. Pre-cultured artemia were placed in these nursery ponds: when the harmful algae biomass is 10-20mg/l, 5 Kg/mu is thrown in; when the biomass is more than 20mg/l, 10 Kg/mu is thrown. When the fertilizer is thrown in, the fertilizer is uniformly splashed at the air inlet.
d. Sprina quadrangularis is thrown into a seedling pool with the harmful algae biomass being more than 20mg/l, the Sprina quadrangularis is thrown into an air inlet below the seedling pool in a hanging cage mode, the net meshes of the hanging cage are 20 meshes, the Sprina quadrangularis is tied and floated, the hanging culture depth is 50-100cm, 70-100 mactra quadrangularis are placed in each cage, and one cage is placed at every 3 meters on an air inlet bank below the pond. Temporarily culturing for 3-6 days, and taking out the cage when the biomass of harmful algae is reduced to below 10 mg/l.
By adopting the method, the harmful algae in 5 seedling ponds are effectively controlled through microscopic examination, the crab seedling is harvested at the end of 5 months, and the crab seedling yield of the seedling ponds generated by 5 harmful algae is higher than the average yield of 150 jin/mu. Therefore, the method for preventing and controlling the harmful algae in the ecological breeding pond of the eriocheir sinensis by the multi-organism synergy is feasible.
Claims (1)
1. A method for preventing and controlling harmful algae in an ecological river crab breeding pond through multi-organism synergy is characterized in that the harmful algae breeding is inhibited by utilizing the chlorella population advantage in the early stage of breeding, and the harmful algae in the crab fry pond are prevented from breeding in a large quantity by utilizing the modes of feeding by artemia and filtering by mactra veneriformis in the later stage of breeding, so that the biological prevention and control method for the harmful algae in the ecological river crab breeding is formed;
the method comprises the following steps:
beginning to culture chlorella in an outdoor soil pond at the beginning of 4 months; performing ecological breeding of river crabs in an outdoor soil pond at the beginning of 5 months, and injecting chlorella into the breeding pond from the chlorella pond when the crab seedlings grow to the second stage of the flea larvae, so that the density of the chlorella in the breeding pond reaches 200 plus materials of 300 ten thousand per ml, and avoiding harmful algae in the early stage of breeding from becoming dominant species by utilizing the species dominance of the chlorella and the competition of nutritive salt;
b, putting artemia cysts into a cement pond of a workshop in the last ten days of month 5, wherein the density is 20/ml, the salinity is 27-30, the water temperature is controlled to be 25-28 ℃, a large amount of air is needed during the period, the artemia cysts hatch out of larvae in 24-48 hours, the chlorella algae paste is fed after two days, the density is 300 plus one 500 ten thousand/ml, water is changed once every two days, the outdoor rich fertilizer water is changed, when the artemia cysts need to be put in, a 100-mesh silk screen is used for collecting the cultured artemia, and the artemia are barreled and directly transported to a crab seedling pond;
c. the artemia are thrown into the IV stage of the river crab seedling raising flea larvae, algae composition conditions in water are periodically checked by microscopic examination, the cultured artemia are thrown into a seedling pond with harmful algae such as gymnodinia parvula and ootheca parvula, and when the harmful algae biomass reaches 10-20mg/l, 5 Kg/mu is thrown; when the biomass is more than 20mg/l, throwing 10 Kg/mu, and uniformly splashing at an upper air inlet when throwing;
d. feeding mactra veneriformis into a seedling pond with the harmful alga biomass of more than 20mg/l, feeding the mactra veneriformis into an air inlet below the seedling pond in a hanging cage mode, wherein the mesh of the hanging cage is 20 meshes, the mactra veneriformis is pricked and floated, the hanging culture depth is 50-100cm, 70-100 mactra veneriformis are placed in each cage, one cage is placed at the air inlet port below the pond every 3 m, the temporary culture time is 3-6 days, and when the harmful alga biomass is reduced to be less than 10mg/l, taking out the hanging cage.
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| CN108726793B (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2021-06-04 | 盘锦光合蟹业有限公司 | Method for preventing water quality mutation in river crab soil pond seedling raising process |
| CN110226510B (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2021-03-16 | 广东海洋大学 | Method for inhibiting mixed algae in artificial culture of Monostroma algae |
| CN114436392B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-12-13 | 河南中汇环保科技有限公司 | Water body ecological restoration method guided by directionally removing algae in water body |
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