CN106908239A - A kind of shear pin bearing load and its measuring method of distribution - Google Patents
A kind of shear pin bearing load and its measuring method of distribution Download PDFInfo
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- CN106908239A CN106908239A CN201710270860.0A CN201710270860A CN106908239A CN 106908239 A CN106908239 A CN 106908239A CN 201710270860 A CN201710270860 A CN 201710270860A CN 106908239 A CN106908239 A CN 106908239A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
- G01M13/027—Test-benches with force-applying means, e.g. loading of drive shafts along several directions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/02—Details or accessories of testing apparatus
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Abstract
The present invention provides the measuring method of a kind of shear pin bearing load and its distribution, for the pin-and-hole attachment structure for being fixed base plate and connecting plate by multigroup shear pin；Base plate and connecting plate are squeezed when being carried according to shear pin can make to produce Strain Distribution around pin-and-hole, and strain and the linear principle of shear-type load, strain gauge is pasted around each pin-and-hole, for building two sets of strain testing bridges, the strain output valve tested in orthogonal first direction and second direction is respectively used to；Rating test demarcation is carried out to strain output valve, the coefficient matrix between shear-type load and strain output valve is determined；Shear-type load test is carried out, obtains straining result, according to the shear-type load that the carrying of each shear pin is obtained after coefficient matrix conversion.Measuring method provided by the present invention, solution cannot test the shear-type load of shear-type load direction unknown situation down cut pin and the load distribution situation of each shear pin.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to motor power transferring structure checking test field, and in particular to a kind of shear pin bearing load and
The measuring method of its distribution.
Background technology
After the completion of the design of thrust transferring structure, it is necessary to carry out verification experimental verification, to determine that structure meets desired bearing capacity.
Thrust transferring structure would generally design more than two shear pins, its possible shared thrust load or one of conduct
Standby shear pin is in case accident, then it will be clear that each shear pin each assume responsibility for much thrust loads actually, how to set
Rational weight-distribution ratio is counted, designs that what kind of clearance fit relationship can allow shear pin carrying the most reasonable.It can be seen that knot
The complexity of structure design, it is the accurate knot for being difficult to obtain shear pin bearing capacity and load distribution only to be analyzed by design and simulation
Really, it is necessary to by the actual bearer of experimental test shear pin.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of shear pin bearing load and its measuring method of distribution, solution cannot be tested
The shear-type load of shear-type load direction unknown situation down cut pin and the load distribution situation of each shear pin.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：A kind of shear pin bearing load and its measurement side of distribution
Method, comprises the following steps：
Step one：For the pin-and-hole attachment structure for being fixed base plate and connecting plate by multigroup shear pin, according to shear pin
Base plate and connecting plate are squeezed during carrying can make to produce Strain Distribution around pin-and-hole, and strain linear with shear-type load
Principle, strain gauge is pasted around each pin-and-hole, for building two sets of strain testing bridges, is respectively used to test orthogonal
Strain output valve on first direction and second direction；
Step 2：Strain output valve to step one carries out rating test demarcation, determines shear-type load and strain output valve
Between coefficient matrix；
Step 3：Shear-type load test is carried out, obtains straining result, cut according to each is obtained after coefficient matrix conversion
Cut the shear-type load of pin carrying.
Preferably, the test bridge in step one is half-bridge form, in the left side and top of each pin-and-hole
Two positions respectively paste a set of strain gauge, wherein, the first direction and the second direction in each position are respectively set
One strain gauge, two strain gauges on first direction constitute the first half-bridge, for the strain output valve tested on first direction,
Two strain gauges in second direction constitute the second half-bridge, for the strain output valve tested in second direction.
Preferably, the test bridge in step one is full bridge formation, in the left side and top of each pin-and-hole
Two positions respectively paste a set of strain gauge, wherein, the first direction and the second direction in each position are respectively set
Two strain gauges, the four stress gauges on first direction constitute the first full-bridge, for the strain output valve tested on first direction,
Four stress gauges in second direction constitute the second full-bridge, for the strain output valve tested in second direction.
Preferably, the rating test is individually to connect each shear pin and pin-and-hole, then independent to each shear pin
Apply the load of first direction and second direction both direction, then the shear pin being arranged in another pin-and-hole to remainder successively is independent
Apply the load of the both direction, obtain 2n group data, specially：
Wherein,It is coefficient matrix, n is the quantity of shear pin and its supporting pin-and-hole；In first group of dataIt is expressed as
The load that first shear pin applies in a first direction,Be expressed as that first shear pin share in a first direction cuts
Cut load,The strain output valve obtained under the load is expressed as,It is expressed as around first shear pin pin-and-hole
The strain output valve that one bridge is measured,The strain output that the second bridge being expressed as around n-th shear pin pin-and-hole is measured
Value；In second group of dataThe load that first shear pin applies in a second direction is expressed as,It is expressed as this first
The shear-type load that shear pin is shared in a second direction,The strain output valve obtained under the load is expressed as,Represent
It is the strain output valve that the first bridge around first shear pin pin-and-hole is measured,It is expressed as n-th shear pin pin-and-hole week
The strain output valve that the second bridge enclosed is measured；In first group of dataIt is expressed as n-th shear pin in a second direction
The load of applying,The shear-type load that n-th shear pin is shared in a second direction is expressed as,It is expressed as this
The strain output valve obtained under load,The strain output that the first bridge being expressed as around first shear pin pin-and-hole is measured
Value,The strain output valve that the second bridge being expressed as around n-th shear pin pin-and-hole is measured；And then determine coefficient matrix
The beneficial effect of a kind of shear pin bearing load provided by the present invention and its measuring method of distribution is to test
Method obtains the shear-type load of orthogonal both direction in plane simultaneously, is carried which achieves direction unknown situation down cut
The test of lotus, more can be suitably used for engineering practice；Scaling method simple possible, can substantially simplify the solution of coefficient matrix, easily
In operation；Method applicability is wide, can be applied to the shear-type load allocation for test containing multiple pin-and-hole attachment structures.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be shear pin bearing load of the present invention and its distribution measuring method in pin-and-hole attachment structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the A of Fig. 1 to sectional view；
Fig. 3 be shear pin bearing load of the present invention and its distribution measuring method in half-bridge test bridge form under strain gauge
Patch location schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 be shear pin bearing load of the present invention and its distribution measuring method in half-bridge test bridge schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 be shear pin bearing load of the present invention and its distribution measuring method in full-bridge test bridge form under strain gauge
Patch location schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 be shear pin bearing load of the present invention and its distribution measuring method in full-bridge test bridge schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 be shear pin bearing load of the present invention and its distribution measuring method in first direction rating test schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is the B of Fig. 7 to sectional view；
Fig. 9 be shear pin bearing load of the present invention and its distribution measuring method in second direction rating test schematic diagram；
Reference：
The shear pins of 1- first, the shear pins of 2- second, 3- base plates, 4- connecting plates, the pin-and-holes of 5- first, the pin-and-holes of 6- second, 7- marks
Determine charging assembly, 8- platforms, 9- fixing bolts.
Specific embodiment
To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of present invention implementation clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
Accompanying drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is further described in more detail.In the accompanying drawings, identical from start to finish or class
As label represent same or similar element or the element with same or like function.Described embodiment is the present invention
A part of embodiment, rather than whole embodiments.Embodiment below with reference to Description of Drawings is exemplary, it is intended to used
It is of the invention in explaining, and be not considered as limiting the invention.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, ordinary skill people
The every other embodiment that member is obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
The measuring method to shear pin bearing load of the invention and its distribution is done further specifically below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
It is bright.
First, pin connected construction explanation is sheared
Pin-and-hole attachment structure is built, base plate 3 and connecting plate 4 are installed by fixation by multigroup shear pin, shearing can be analyzed
Shear-type load between two plates that pin bears, for simplicity, is hereafter illustrated, such as using the structure of two groups of shear pins
Shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, two figures are schematic diagram, and respective other labyrinths of two plates in figure have been omitted from being not drawn into.
2nd, method of testing
The shear-type load that two shear pins of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 bear, the size direction of shear-type load is unknown, shear-type load energy
Enough consider in a plane, therefore, two load of vertical direction just can determine that single shear pin undertakes in test plane
Shear-type load size and Orientation.
When shear pin is carried, its own can produce strain, and this strain in elastic range is linearly closed with shear-type load
System, the method for testing its own strain can obtain shear-type load as indirect method, but the loading end of shear pin is contact
Face, difficulty has suitable test position can use.Analysis to pin-and-hole attachment structure is as can be seen that the reaction force of shear pin will be to figure
Connecting plate 4 and base plate 3 in 1 and Fig. 2 produce extruding, Strain Distribution can be produced around pin-and-hole, and this strain is also carried with shearing
The wired sexual intercourse of lotus, and have the larger position for being available for test on two plates, strain gauge is pasted around each pin-and-hole, it is used for
Two sets of strain testing bridges are built, the strain output valve tested in orthogonal first direction and second direction is respectively used to.
The first strain testing bridge scheme, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the group bridge side of the strain testing bridge is described below
Formula is half-bridge, and the strain gauge that this scheme is pasted is few, paste position will be quadratured small.On the first pin-and-hole 5 and a left side for the second pin-and-hole 6
A set of strain gauge is respectively pasted in side and top appropriate position, wherein, in the first direction (i.e. in Fig. 3 in the left side of the first pin-and-hole 5
Horizontal direction) and second direction (i.e. vertical direction in Fig. 3) on it is each setting one strain gauge, respectively a1、a2(a1It is arranged on
On first direction), in the first direction (i.e. horizontal direction in Fig. 3) and second direction (i.e. in Fig. 3 of the top of the first pin-and-hole 5
Vertical direction) on also respectively set a strain gauge, respectively b1、b2(b1Set in a first direction), on first direction two
Individual strain gauge (i.e. a1And b1) the first half-bridge of composition, for the strain output valve ε tested on first direction1, in second direction two
Individual strain gauge (i.e. a2And b2) the second half-bridge of composition, for the strain output valve ε tested in second direction2, half-bridge bridge schematic diagram
As shown in Figure 4.The strain gauge around the second pin-and-hole 6 is similarly set with the first pin-and-hole 5 simultaneously, respectively a3、a4、b3、b4, a3And b3
The first half-bridge is constituted, strain output valve ε is measured3, a4And b4The second half-bridge is constituted, strain output valve ε is measured4。
Second strain testing bridge scheme, as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, the group bridge side of the strain testing bridge is described below
Formula is full-bridge, and this scheme can obtain bigger strain output, high resolution, but the strain gauge for needing is more, what paste position needed
Area is big.It is identical with half-bridge paste position, but each position increased one group of strain gauge, respectively a1、a2、c1、c2And b1、b2、
d1、d2, wherein, a1、c1Strain gauge is pasted onto on the first direction (horizontal direction in Fig. 5) in the left side of the first pin-and-hole 5, a2、c2Should
Become meter to be pasted onto in the second direction (vertical direction in Fig. 5) in the left side of the first pin-and-hole 5, b1、d1Strain gauge is pasted onto the first pin-and-hole
On the first direction of 5 upsides, b2、d2Strain gauge is pasted onto in the second direction of the upside of the first pin-and-hole 5, four on first direction
Strain gauge (i.e. a1、b1、c1、d1) the first full-bridge is constituted, for the strain output valve ε tested on first direction1, in second direction
Four stress gauges (i.e. a2、b2、c2、d2) the second full-bridge of composition, for the strain output valve ε tested in second direction2, full-bridge bridge
Schematic diagram is as shown in fig. 6, the strain gauge around the second pin-and-hole 6 is similarly set with the first pin-and-hole 5 simultaneously.To sum up, can be according to stickup
Position whether enough and strain output resolution requirement come determine using which kind of group bridge mode.
Strain Meter Set bridge mode according to Fig. 3, each pin-and-hole has two groups of strain measurement bridges, the strain output of the first pin-and-hole 5
It is ε to be worth1、ε2, the first shear pin 1 in the first pin-and-hole 5 is corresponded to respectively in X, Y-direction (for convenience of composing a piece of writing, by first direction X side
To statement, second direction is stated with Y-direction) shear-type load F1、F2The strain for onboard producing.The strain output of the second pin-and-hole 6
It is ε to be worth3、ε4, the second shear pin 2 in the second pin-and-hole 6 is corresponded to respectively in X, the shear-type load F of Y-direction3、F4Onboard produce
Strain.Drawn with reference to Fig. 3 analyses, although ε1Strain by F1Produce, but F2、F3And F4Can be to ε1Influence is produced, other 3 should
Change can also be affected similarly, for this reason, it may be necessary to set up the interactional coefficient matrix of generation.
Lower column matrix is set up to be analyzed：
Formula (2) is disassembled can obtain F1=a11ε1+a12ε2+a13ε13+a14ε4, F2、F3、F4Similarly.It can be seen that, coefficient matrix
The influence of other directions strain output is considered, therefore can preferably ensure to test the precision of load.Obtain coefficient matrixCan
Exported with according to strain, the shear-type load that each shear pin undertakes is obtained using formula (2).
3rd, calibration process
Rating test demarcation is carried out to strain output valve, the coefficient matrix between shear-type load and strain output valve is determinedMark
Fixed experiment is i.e. to coefficient matrixSolution.
Following previous work is done before rating test first, 4 equations are set up using formula (2)：
Four equations of formula (4) are merged, is obtained：
Formula (5) is expressed as：
Formula (6) both sides are multiplied byThen：
Shown by formula (7), can be loaded by the first shear pin 1 and the second shear pin 2, by previously known
The mode of loaded load is strained, and is closed by 4 groups of data groups and is calculated
Then 4 groups of data are obtained by rating test.Individually it is connected with hole using to each shear pin, and each is cut
The load that pin and hole individually apply X, Y both direction is cut, 4 groups of strains are obtainedThe load applied with correspondenceSpecially：
It should be noted that on the left of first equationThe load that the first shear pin 1 applies in the X direction is expressed as,The shear-type load that the first shear pin 1 is shared in the X direction is expressed as,It is expressed as the strain output obtained under the load
Value,The strain output valve that the first half-bridge being expressed as around the pin-and-hole of the first pin-and-hole 5 is measured,It is expressed as the pin-and-hole of the first pin-and-hole 5
The strain output valve that second half-bridge of surrounding is measured,The strain that the first half-bridge being expressed as around the pin-and-hole of the second pin-and-hole 6 is measured
Output valve,The strain output valve that the second half-bridge being expressed as around the pin-and-hole of the second pin-and-hole 6 is measured.The explanation of another three prescriptions journey with
First prescription journey is similarly.
Substituting into formula (7) after formula (8) combination is：
The operation for how obtaining 4 groups of data is as follows：
First the first shear pin 1 is demarcated, using caliberating device as shown in Figure 7 to 9, only by the first shear pin 1
The first pin-and-hole 5 is installed to, the second pin-and-hole 6 does not install shear pin.Base plate 3 is fixed to platform 8 by fixing bolt 9, by demarcating
Charging assembly 7 is loaded respectively from X and the directions of Y two, obtains the load and strain parameter (of preceding two prescriptions journey in formula (8)
The load that one prescription journey correspondence X-direction applies).After the completion of first shear pin 1 is demarcated, then the second shear pin 2 is demarcated, this
When the second shear pin 2 is only installed, remove the first shear pin 1, the load and strain parameter of two prescription journeys after obtaining in formula (8).
The 4 groups of parameters for obtaining substitute into formula (9) and can be calculated coefficient matrixComplete rating test.
4th, shear-type load experiment is carried out
Shear-type load test is carried out, obtains straining result, according to coefficient matrixThe carrying of each shear pin is obtained after conversion
Shear-type load.
When have multiple shear pins need test its each bearing load be that this method can be further expanded, if any n hole,
Then coefficient matrix is changed into 2n dimension square matrixes, then：
The solution of coefficient matrix is also required to individually apply each shear pin and hole the load of X, Y both direction, then successively
Individually apply the load of the both direction to shear pin of the remainder in another pin-and-hole, obtain the strain of 2n groupsWith correspondence institute
The load of applyingSpecially：
Formula (11) is brought into formula (10), to ensureIt is diagonal matrix, short form test and calculation process.
The above, specific embodiment only of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it is any
Those familiar with the art the invention discloses technical scope in, the change or replacement that can be readily occurred in, all should
It is included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the scope of the claims
It is accurate.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of shear pin bearing load and its measuring method of distribution, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step one：For the pin-and-hole attachment structure for being fixed base plate and connecting plate by multigroup shear pin, carried according to shear pin
When base plate and connecting plate be squeezed and can make to produce Strain Distribution around pin-and-hole, and strain with the linear original of shear-type load
Reason, strain gauge is pasted around each pin-and-hole, for building two sets of strain testing bridges, is respectively used to test orthogonal the
Strain output valve on one direction and second direction；
Step 2：Strain output valve to step one carries out rating test demarcation, determines between shear-type load and strain output valve
Coefficient matrix；
Step 3：Shear-type load test is carried out, obtains straining result, each shear pin is obtained after being converted according to the coefficient matrix
The shear-type load of carrying.
2. shear pin bearing load according to claim 1 and its measuring method of distribution, it is characterised in that in step one
The test bridge be half-bridge form, respectively paste a set of strain in the left side of each pin-and-hole and top two positions
Meter, wherein, the first direction and the second direction in each position respectively set a strain gauge, on first direction two
Individual strain gauge constitutes the first half-bridge, for the strain output valve tested on first direction, two strain gauge structures in second direction
Into the second half-bridge, for the strain output valve tested in second direction.
3. shear pin bearing load according to claim 1 and its measuring method of distribution, it is characterised in that in step one
The test bridge be full bridge formation, respectively paste a set of strain in the left side of each pin-and-hole and top two positions
Meter, wherein, the first direction and the second direction in each position respectively set two strain gauges, on first direction four
Individual strain gauge constitutes the first full-bridge, for the strain output valve tested on first direction, the four stress gauges structure in second direction
Into the second full-bridge, for the strain output valve tested in second direction.
4. shear pin bearing load according to Claims 2 or 3 and its measuring method of distribution, it is characterised in that described
Rating test is individually to connect each shear pin and pin-and-hole, then individually applies first direction and second direction to each shear pin
The load of both direction, then the shear pin to remainder in another pin-and-hole individually applies the load of the both direction successively,
2n group data are obtained, specially：
Wherein,It is coefficient matrix, n is the quantity of shear pin and its supporting pin-and-hole；In first group of dataIt is expressed as first
The load that individual shear pin applies in a first direction,It is expressed as the shearing load that first shear pin is shared in a first direction
Lotus,The strain output valve obtained under the load is expressed as,It is expressed as the first bridge around first shear pin pin-and-hole
The strain output valve that drive test is obtained,The strain output valve that the second bridge being expressed as around n-th shear pin pin-and-hole is measured；The
In two groups of dataThe load that first shear pin applies in a second direction is expressed as,It is expressed as this first shearing
The shear-type load that pin is shared in a second direction,The strain output valve obtained under the load is expressed as,It is expressed as
The strain output valve that the first bridge around one shear pin pin-and-hole is measured,It is expressed as around n-th shear pin pin-and-hole
The strain output valve that second bridge is measured；In first group of dataN-th shear pin is expressed as to apply in a second direction
Load,The shear-type load that n-th shear pin is shared in a second direction is expressed as,It is expressed as the load
The strain output valve of lower acquisition,The strain output valve that the first bridge being expressed as around first shear pin pin-and-hole is measured,The strain output valve that the second bridge being expressed as around n-th shear pin pin-and-hole is measured；And then determine coefficient matrix
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| CN110920930A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-03-27 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | Helicopter horizontal tail load calibration method |
| CN113237661A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-08-10 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Device and method for measuring dynamic test load of wing-mounted engine |
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| EP1080353B1 (en) * | 1998-05-16 | 2001-12-05 | ZF Luftfahrttechnik GmbH | Stress test rig for helicopter transmissions |
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| CN113237661A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-08-10 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Device and method for measuring dynamic test load of wing-mounted engine |
| CN113237661B (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2022-02-25 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Device and method for measuring dynamic test load of wing-mounted engine |
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| CN106908239B (en) | 2019-08-23 |
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