CN106906369A - The technique that a kind of utilization synergic solvent extraction technology reclaims copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium from heavy metal wastewater thereby - Google Patents
The technique that a kind of utilization synergic solvent extraction technology reclaims copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium from heavy metal wastewater thereby Download PDFInfo
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- CN106906369A CN106906369A CN201510971688.2A CN201510971688A CN106906369A CN 106906369 A CN106906369 A CN 106906369A CN 201510971688 A CN201510971688 A CN 201510971688A CN 106906369 A CN106906369 A CN 106906369A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0063—Hydrometallurgy
- C22B15/0084—Treating solutions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B17/00—Obtaining cadmium
- C22B17/04—Obtaining cadmium by wet processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/30—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide from metallic residues or scraps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0453—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention discloses the technique that a kind of utilization synergic solvent extraction technology reclaims copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium from heavy metal wastewater thereby.The technique is comprised the following steps：(1) multitple extraction is carried out using the synergistic system heavy metal waste water of Mextral 84H/Cyanex 272, copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium is entered organic phase, and calcium, magnesium are stayed in raffinate；(2) with dilute sulfuric acid load organic phases are carried out with multistage washing, impurity calcium, magnesium in removal load organic phases；(3) using various concentrations sulfuric acid back washing agent, carry out selective multi level back extraction according to the order of cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper, respectively obtain rich in cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper strip liquor.The present invention can be achieved with the separation of numerous heavy metal ion and reclaimed merely with a kind of binary synergistic system by multitple extraction, washing, back extraction, not only solve the problem that heavy metal ion with calcium, magnesium separate, breakthrough also is achieved in terms of copper, zinc, nickel, the separation and recovery of cadmium, the separation and recovery of heavy metal ions in wastewater is finally realized.
Description
Technical field
Copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium are reclaimed from heavy metal wastewater thereby the present invention relates to a kind of utilization synergic solvent extraction technology
Technique, belongs to secondary resource Comprehensive Recovery Technology field.
Background technology
In recent years, with industrial extensive development, heavy metal resources demand increasingly increases, resource
Total amount is but increasingly reduced, grade is high, easy exploitation, easily leach ore faced exhaustion.High-quality resource
Reduction necessarily causes the increase of smelting cost, and the heavy metal resources for finding other forms are particularly important.Together
When, the fast-developing generation along with plurality of heavy metal waste water of industry, and containing a large amount of in heavy metal wastewater thereby
Valuable metal, can be used as valuable secondary resource；On the other hand, heavy metal wastewater thereby is the master in water environment
Wanting the heavy metal such as one of pollutant, particularly mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium micro-concentrations can produce toxicity, reclaim
Heavy metal in waste water can alleviate environmental pollution, reduce harm of the heavy metal to environment.Therefore, height is sought
The processing method of effect, effectively reclaims heavy metal in waste water, realizes that secondary resource comprehensive utilization has important
Meaning.
The processing method of heavy metal wastewater thereby mainly has：Chemical precipitation method, biological treatment, absorption, UF membrane,
Ion exchange and solvent extraction etc..It is at present, industrial that heavy metal wastewater thereby is generally processed using chemical precipitation method,
This method is although easy to operate, with low cost, but causes the huge waste of heavy metal resources, while
Substantial amounts of precipitation slag is produced, once dealing with improperly, secondary pollution is will result in.
Compared to other method, solvent extraction technology has many merits, and such as instrument and equipment is simple, operation
Simple and fast, the rate of recovery are high, purity is good, selectivity is good, have wide range of applications.In addition to for separating,
Can also be used as concentration means, it has turned into the main method of separation and Extraction metallic element in domestic and international metallurgical industry.
However, the current domestic extraction system composition for using is relatively easy, typically containing only a kind of extractant and micro
Modifying agent, the metal ion solution for the treatment of is also relatively single, the metal ion more similar for chemical property
It is difficult to realize to separate.
Synergic solvent extraction is obtained quickly as a research direction of solvent extraction technology with the advantage that its is unique
Development, the main flow direction as solvent extraction development.Synergistic system can increase the distribution of metal ion
Than the separation between metal ion being improved, especially in the rare earth metal and non-ferrous metal of multi-metal system
Separation field, separating effect significantly, is capable of achieving many separation of metal ions, significantly improves separative efficiency；In addition,
The metal ion similar for chemical property, single extraction system cannot be realized separating, and synergic solvent extraction body
It is that cooperative effect or anti-synergistic effect can be produced during extracting metals ion, between increase metal ion
Distribution coefficient, so as to realize the separation of similar metals ion.Therefore, the valuable metal in heavy metal wastewater thereby
Recovery aspect, synergic solvent extraction technology has potential application value.
The content of the invention
Based on this, returned from heavy metal wastewater thereby using synergic solvent extraction technology it is an object of the invention to provide one kind
Copper, zinc, nickel, the technique of cadmium are received, the recovery of the valuable metal in heavy metal wastewater thereby is realized, while reducing ring
Pollute in border.
To achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of utilization synergic solvent extraction technology reclaims the technique of copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium from heavy metal wastewater thereby, including
Following steps：
(1) carried out using the synergistic system heavy metal waste water of Mextral 84H/Cyanex 272 once many
Level extraction, makes copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium enter organic phase, and calcium, magnesium are stayed in raffinate；
(2) with dilute sulfuric acid load organic phases are carried out with multistage washing, impurity calcium in removal load organic phases,
Magnesium；
(3) using the sulfuric acid back washing agent of various concentrations, selectivity is carried out according to the order of cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper
Multistage back extraction, respectively obtain rich in cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper strip liquor.
Cardinal principle of the invention is：
Metal extraction process：Wherein A represents Mextral 84H
With Cyanex 272, the process is hydrogen ion displacement reaction, and the reaction is influenceed by system pH, [H+] dense
Degree is bigger, is more unfavorable for the carrying out of extraction.
The Equilibrium constants of the extracting reactions of metal ion：
The distribution ratio of metal ion：
Due to the difference of the chemical property between metal ion, the synergic solvent extraction bodies of Mextral 84H/Cyanex 272
It is that the capacity of water of extracting metals ion is followed successively by：Cu (II) ＞ Zn (II) ＞ Ni (II) ＞ Cd (II) ＞ Mg (II) ＞ Ca (II).
Using synergic reagent to the selective difference of different metal ions, by the extraction for adjusting reaction system
Balance pH, is capable of achieving copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium and is separated with calcium, magnesium；Put down by the back extraction for adjusting reaction system
Weighing apparatus pH, is capable of achieving cadmium, nickel, zinc, the separation one by one of copper.
In the present invention, the operation temperature of the extraction, washing and back extraction is 20 DEG C -45 DEG C.
In the present invention, the main component of Mextral 84H extractants is 1- (2- hydroxyl -5- nonyl phenyls) ethyl ketone
Oxime, the main component of the extractants of Cyanex 272 is double (2,4,4- tri-methyl-amyl) phosphonic acids.Preferably, institute
It is 1: 0.5-5: 1, total extractant to state the mol ratio of Mextral 84H and Cyanex 272 in synergistic system
Volume fraction be 5%-30%, diluent is sulfonated kerosene.
In the present invention, metal ion is in the heavy metal wastewater thereby：Cu(II)、Ni(II)、Zn(II)、Cd(II)、
Mg (II), Ca (II), the concentration of each metal ion are 0.5-15.0g/L.
Preferably, in the step (1), the balance pH of extraction is 5.70-6.20, compared to O/A controls
1: 1-1: 3, extraction series is 2-10 grades.
Preferably, in the step (2), washing process balance pH controls wash phase in 5.30-5.70
Than O/A controls 1: 1-5: 1, washing series is 2-10 grades.
Preferably, in the step (3), the stripping equilibria pH of cadmium is 3.60-4.20, sulfuric acid back washing agent
Concentration be 1-3g/L, back extraction compared to O/A control 1: 1-5: 1, back extraction series be 4-10 grades；Nickel it is anti-
Extraction balance pH is 2.80-3.20, and the concentration of sulfuric acid back washing agent is 4-8g/L, and back extraction exists compared to O/A controls
1: 1-5: 1, back extraction series is 2-10 grades；The stripping equilibria pH of zinc be 1.30-1.60, sulfuric acid back washing agent it is dense
It is 10-15g/L to spend, and back extraction is compared to O/A controls 1: 1-5: 1, back extraction series is 4-10 grades；The sulfuric acid of copper
The concentration of back washing agent is 80-160g/L, and back extraction is compared to O/A controls 1: 1-15: 1, back extraction series is 2-10
Level.
The advantage of the invention is that：
The present invention propose it is a kind of using synergic solvent extraction technology efficiently reclaimed from heavy metal wastewater thereby copper, zinc, nickel,
The extraction process of cadmium, a kind of new synergistic system being made up of ketoxime and phosphonic acids of the technology utilization, first
The copper in heavy metal wastewater thereby, zinc, nickel, cadmium are separated with calcium, magnesium by single extraction, secondly by selection
Property back extraction realize the separation of copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium, realize the recovery of the valuable metal in heavy metal wastewater thereby.
The present invention can be achieved with merely with a kind of binary synergistic system by multitple extraction, washing, back extraction
The separation of numerous heavy metal ion and recovery, not only solve the problem that heavy metal ion with calcium, magnesium separate,
Also achieve breakthrough in terms of copper, zinc, nickel, the separation and recovery of cadmium, finally realize heavy metal in waste water from
The separation and recovery of son.
Flow of the present invention is simple, and with low cost, organic efficiency is high.Compared to chemical precipitation method, the technique is not
Heavy metal wastewater thereby pollution problem is only alleviated, valuable metal in heavy metal wastewater thereby has also been reclaimed, realized secondary
The comprehensive utilization of resource.
The present invention is adapted to the waste water that treatment zinc abstraction and electroplating industry are produced, and heavy metal is from overall recovery 98.0%
More than.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is process chart of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited
In this.
It is as shown in Figure 1 process chart of the invention.
Embodiment 1
By taking the large-scale zinc abstraction factory heavy metal wastewater thereby of China as an example, using technique of the invention reclaim copper therein,
Zinc, nickel, cadmium.The content of metal ion is as shown in table 1 after the waste water Membrane Materials.
Heavy metal species and content in the Membrane Materials heavy metal wastewater thereby of table 1
| Metal ion | Cu | Ni | Zn | Cd | Mg | Ca |
| 2.0 | 0.5 | 5.0 | 0.7 | 10.0 | 0.3 |
Concrete operation step is as follows：
(1) reagent prepares
Mextral 84H and Cyanex 272 is mixed, and is diluted with sulfonated kerosene, in 40 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control
Under be sufficiently stirred for 3h, make extraction system be well mixed, organic phase stable system, Mextral 84H and
The molar concentration of Cyanex272 is respectively：0.5M and 0.3M；
(2) extraction step
Hybrid extraction phase is mixed with waste water feed liquid, is stirred under water bath with thermostatic control, reaction to be extracted reaches
After balance, two-phase mixture is stood into split-phase, raffinate analysis detection concentration of metal ions.Extraction conditions is：
It is 1: 1 compared to (O/A), extraction equilibrium pH is 6.00, incorporation time is 30min, extraction temperature is 40 DEG C,
Stir speed (S.S.) is 400rpm, time of repose 5min.After single extraction, copper, zinc, the extraction yield of nickel reach
To 99.9%, the extraction yield of cadmium is 85.7%, and calcium, the extraction yield of magnesium are only 5.3% and 9.6%, theory extraction
Series is 2 grades.
(3) washing step
Load organic phases and cleaning solution are mixed, is stirred under water bath with thermostatic control, reaction to be extracted reaches flat
After weighing apparatus, two-phase mixture is stood into split-phase, raffinate analysis detection concentration of metal ions.Wash conditions are：
It is 2: 1 compared to (O/A), washing balance pH is 5.61, incorporation time is 30min, wash temperature is 40 DEG C,
Stir speed (S.S.) is 400rpm, time of repose 5min.After once washing, the Washing ratio of calcium and magnesium is respectively 99.8%
With 63.0%, and the Washing ratio of cadmium is only 3.1%, and copper, zinc, nickel are washed out, show good
Good detersive efficiency, theory washing series is 3 grades.
(4) stripping steps
1. the back extraction of cadmium
Load organic phases after washing and sulfuric acid back washing agent are mixed, is stirred under water bath with thermostatic control, wait to extract
Negate after should reaching balance, two-phase mixture is stood into split-phase, raffinate analysis detection concentration of metal ions.
Back extraction condition is：It is 5: 1 compared to (O/A), stripping equilibria pH is 4.00, the concentration of sulfuric acid back washing agent is 2
G/L, incorporation time is 30min, and back extraction temperature is 40 DEG C, and stir speed (S.S.) is 400rpm, time of repose 5min.
After being once stripped, the back extraction ratio of cadmium is 79.7%, and the back extraction ratio of nickel is only 9.9%, copper, the back extraction ratio of zinc
Less than 1.0%, theory back extraction series is 4 grades, and the concentration of cadmium is 2.5g/L in strip liquor.
2. the back extraction of nickel
The load organic phases and sulfuric acid back washing agent that will be stripped after cadmium mix, and are stirred under water bath with thermostatic control, treat
After extractive reaction reaches balance, two-phase mixture is stood into split-phase, raffinate analysis detection concentration of metal ions.
Back extraction condition is：It is 2: 1 compared to (O/A), the concentration of sulfuric acid back washing agent is 5g/L, and stripping equilibria pH is
3.00, incorporation time is 30min, and back extraction temperature is 40 DEG C, and stir speed (S.S.) is 400rpm, time of repose 5
min.After being once stripped, the back extraction ratio of nickel is 74.3%, and the back extraction ratio of zinc is 5.8%, and the back extraction ratio of copper is less than
1.0%, theory back extraction series is 2 grades, and the concentration of nickel is 0.8g/L in strip liquor.
3. the back extraction of zinc
Load organic phases and sulfuric acid back washing agent after cadmium nickel is stripped mix, and are stirred under water bath with thermostatic control,
After reaction to be extracted reaches balance, two-phase mixture is stood into split-phase, raffinate analysis detection metal ion is dense
Degree.Back extraction condition is：It is 1: 1 compared to (O/A), the concentration of sulfuric acid back washing agent is 15g/L, stripping equilibria
PH is 1.50, and incorporation time is 30min, and back extraction temperature is 40 DEG C, and stir speed (S.S.) is 400rpm, is stood
Time 5min.After being once stripped, the back extraction ratio of zinc is 79.8%, and the back extraction ratio of copper is less than 5.0%, and theory is anti-
Extraction series is 4 grades, and zinc concentration is 4.4g/L in strip liquor.
4. the back extraction of copper
Copper load organic phases after back extraction and sulfuric acid back washing agent are mixed, is stirred under water bath with thermostatic control, treated
After extractive reaction reaches balance, two-phase mixture is stood into split-phase, raffinate analysis detection concentration of metal ions.
Back extraction condition is：It is 10: 1 compared to (O/A), the concentration of sulfuric acid back washing agent is 180g/L, and incorporation time is
30min, back extraction temperature is 40 DEG C, and stir speed (S.S.) is 400rpm, time of repose 5min.After being once stripped,
The back extraction ratio of copper is 92.0%, and theory back extraction series is 2 grades, and the concentration of copper is 19.0g/L in strip liquor.
The present invention propose using Mextral 84H and Cyanex272 synergistic system single extractions copper, zinc,
Nickel, cadmium, and the extraction process of recovering copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium one by one is selectively stripped, effectively reclaim
Valuable metal ions in heavy metal wastewater thereby, realize that secondary resource is reclaimed, and reduce environmental pollution.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of utilization synergic solvent extraction technology reclaims the technique of copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium from heavy metal wastewater thereby, its
It is characterised by：Comprise the following steps：
(1) carried out using the synergistic system heavy metal waste water of Mextral 84H/Cyanex 272 once many
Level extraction, makes copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium enter organic phase, and calcium, magnesium are stayed in raffinate；
(2) with dilute sulfuric acid load organic phases are carried out with multistage washing, impurity calcium in removal load organic phases,
Magnesium；
(3) using the sulfuric acid back washing agent of various concentrations, selectivity is carried out according to the order of cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper
Multistage back extraction, respectively obtain rich in cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper strip liquor.
2. technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The operation temperature of extraction, washing and back extraction
Degree is 20 DEG C -45 DEG C.
3. technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Mextral in the synergistic system
The mol ratio of 84H and Cyanex 272 is 1: 0.5-5: 1, and the volume fraction of total extractant is 5%-30%, dilute
Agent is released for sulfonated kerosene.
4. technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step (1), heavy metal
Metal ion is in waste water：Cu (II), Ni (II), Zn (II), Cd (II), Mg (II), Ca (II), each metal
The concentration of ion is 0.5-15.0g/L.
5. technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step (1), extraction
Balance pH is 5.70-6.20, compared to O/A controls 1: 1-1: 3, extraction series is 2-10 grades.
6. technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is washed in the step (2)
In 5.30-5.70, washing is compared to O/A controls 1 for the balance pH controls of journey: 1-5: 1, washing series is 2-10
Level.
7. technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step (3), cadmium it is anti-
Extraction balance pH is 3.60-4.20, and the concentration of sulfuric acid back washing agent is 1-3g/L, and back extraction exists compared to O/A controls
1: 1-5: 1, back extraction series is 4-10 grades.
8. technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step (3), nickel it is anti-
Extraction balance pH is 2.80-3.20, and the concentration of sulfuric acid back washing agent is 4-8g/L, and back extraction exists compared to O/A controls
1: 1-5: 1, back extraction series is 2-10 grades.
9. technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step (3), zinc it is anti-
Extraction balance pH is 1.30-1.60, and the concentration of sulfuric acid back washing agent is 10-15g/L, and back extraction exists compared to O/A controls
1: 1-5: 1, back extraction series is 4-10 grades.
10. technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step (3), sulfuric acid is anti-
The concentration for extracting agent is 80-160g/L, and back extraction is compared to O/A controls 1: 1-15: 1, back extraction series is 2-10 grades.
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| CN114717415A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-07-08 | 有研资源环境技术研究院(北京)有限公司 | Method for separating multi-metal mixed solution |
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| CN117985898B (en) * | 2024-03-22 | 2024-06-28 | 科立鑫(珠海)新能源有限公司 | Environment-friendly treatment process for nickel-cobalt-containing waste liquid |
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