CN106903248A - Forging method - Google Patents
Forging method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106903248A CN106903248A CN201510976837.4A CN201510976837A CN106903248A CN 106903248 A CN106903248 A CN 106903248A CN 201510976837 A CN201510976837 A CN 201510976837A CN 106903248 A CN106903248 A CN 106903248A
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- forging
- ingot casting
- temperature
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- heat treatment
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/06—Hammers tups; Anvils; Anvil blocks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K29/00—Arrangements for heating or cooling during processing
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of forging method, including：Ingot casting is provided；First heat treatment is carried out to the ingot casting；Ingot casting to completing the first heat treatment carries out the first forging, forms initial forging；Second heat treatment is carried out to the initial forging；Described initial forging to completing the second heat treatment carries out the second forging, forms forging；Wherein, the deflection of ingot casting is less than the deflection of initial forging in the second forging process in the first forging process.First forging process can play transitional function to the forging deformation of ingot casting, and the deflection of ingot casting is smaller, the part stress that forging is produced can be discharged, so as to reduce cracking phenomena.Secondly, forge in two steps, the deflection for forging ingot casting every time can be made smaller, can relatively easily control the deformation of ingot casting, and be not easy to make the oxide of the outer surface of ingot casting to be involved in forging process within ingot casting outer surface, and cause ingot casting to ftracture.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal forging field, more particularly to a kind of forging method.
Background technology
Metal forging is that one kind applies pressure using forging press to metal stock, it is produced plastic deformation
Machining process.Can be obtained with certain mechanical performance, definite shape and size by forging technology
Forging.The defects such as cast condition that metal produces in smelting process is loose can be eliminated by forging, optimized
Heterogeneous microstructure.Simultaneously because forging saves complete metal streamline, the mechanical performance of forging is general
Better than the casting of same material.Forge the manufacture in the important machine components that load is high, condition of work is severe
In have important application.
High purity titanium is due to specific strength higher, excellent corrosion resistance and good dielectric property, quilt
It is widely used in the fields such as Aero-Space, navigation, chemical industry and the energy.The forging technology of high purity titanium is direct
Influence quality and its application of high purity titanium forging.
However, forging easily ftractures during the forging technology of prior art haves the shortcomings that forging process.
The content of the invention
The problem that the present invention is solved is to provide a kind of forging method, can reduce the cracking phenomena of forging.
To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of forging method, including：Ingot casting is provided；To described
Ingot casting carries out the first heat treatment；The first forging is carried out to the ingot casting, initial forging is formed；To described first
Beginning forging carries out the second heat treatment；The second forging is carried out to the initial forging, forging is formed；First forging
Deflection of the deflection of ingot casting less than initial forging in the second forging process during making.
Optionally, the cross section of the ingot casting is circle,
In the step of carrying out the first forging to the ingot casting, it is square that the ingot casting is forged into cross section
Cuboid, forms initial forging；
It is cross section by the initial forging process for fuel in the step of carrying out the second forging to the initial forging
The less cylinder of diameter, forms forging.
Optionally, in the step of being forged to the ingot casting, ingot casting is carried out by flat-die forging equipment
Forging；
The flat-die forging equipment includes：Two chopping blocks being parallel to each other；
First forging includes：Pressure radially is applied to ingot casting along the ingot casting by two chopping blocks；Make
The chopping block is rotated by 90 °, then applies pressure to ingot casting, and it is square that the ingot casting is forged into cross section
Cuboid, forms initial forging；
Second forging includes：It is cornerwise along the initial forging square cross section by two chopping blocks
Direction applies pressure to initial forging；The chopping block is rotated 60 degree, then pressure is applied to initial forging；
The chopping block is rotated 60 degree again, pressure is applied to initial forging by two chopping blocks, will be described initial
Forging process for fuel is that cross section is the right prism of regular hexagon；The chopping block is set to rotate 30 degree, by two anvils
Plate to initial forging apply pressure, repeat the operation will the initial forging process for fuel into cross section be positive 12
The right prism of side shape；The like, it is the less cylinder of cross-sectional diameter by the initial forging process for fuel,
Form forging.
Optionally, in the step of carrying out the first forging to ingot casting, the deflection of the ingot casting is made 15%~25%
In the range of；
In the step of carrying out the second forging to initial forging, the deflection of the initial forging is set to exist
In the range of 35%~45%.
Optionally, in the step of offer ingot casting, a diameter of 270~330mm of the ingot casting cross section；
In the step of carrying out the first forging to the ingot casting, make the side of the initial forging square cross section
A length of 230mm~250mm；
In the step of carrying out the second forging to the initial forging, make the diameter of the forging circular cross section
It is 170mm~220mm.
Optionally, in the step of carrying out the first heat treatment to the ingot casting, the ingot casting is made to reach the first temperature
Degree；In the step of carrying out the second heat treatment to the initial forging, the initial forging is set to reach the second temperature
Degree；
First temperature is less than second temperature.
Optionally, in the step of carrying out the first heat treatment to the ingot casting：The ingot casting is entered by electric furnace
Row first is heat-treated；
The step of first heat treatment, includes：
The ingot casting is put into electric furnace；
Electric furnace is heated up, the ingot casting is preheated；
Electric furnace is warming up to the first temperature, the ingot casting is heated.
Optionally, the material of the ingot casting is high purity titanium；The high purity titanium refers to purity
99.9%~99.999% titanium.
Optionally, the material of the ingot casting is titanium, the step of electric furnace is warming up to the first temperature in, heat up
Speed is less than 1 centigrade per minute.
Optionally, electric furnace is warming up to the first temperature, include the step of heated to the ingot casting：Make
Electric furnace is warming up to 960~1050 degrees Celsius.
Optionally, electric furnace is warming up to the first temperature, include the step of heated to the ingot casting：Make
The ingot casting is incubated 100~200min at the first temperature.
Optionally, the material of the ingot casting is titanium,
It is described electric furnace is heated up, include the step of preheated to the ingot casting：Electric furnace is warming up to
600~850 degrees Celsius, 50~90min is incubated under 600~850 degrees Celsius.
Optionally, the step of second heat treatment includes：The initial forging is heated to by electric furnace
Second temperature；It is incubated at the second temperature.
Optionally, the material of the ingot casting is titanium,
In the step of being heated to second temperature to the initial forging by electric furnace, the second temperature is
970~1100 degrees Celsius.
Optionally, in the step of being incubated at the second temperature, soaking time is 30~60min.
Optionally, the material of the ingot casting is titanium,
In the step of carrying out the first forging to the ingot casting, the temperature of the ingot casting is more than 700 degrees Celsius；
In the step of carrying out the second forging to the initial forging, the temperature of the initial forging is more than 700
Degree Celsius.
Optionally, after the step of being forged to the casting, the forging method also includes, to institute
Forging is stated to be made annealing treatment,
The material of the ingot casting is titanium,
In the step of being made annealing treatment to the ingot casting, annealing temperature is 650~700 degrees Celsius, insulation
Time is 50~80min.
Compared with prior art, technical scheme has advantages below：
In forging method of the invention, the process that the ingot casting is forged is carried out in two steps, the first forging
Making can play transitional function with the second forging, the first forging process for the forging deformation of ingot casting, ingot casting
Deflection is smaller, the part stress that forging is produced can be discharged, so as to reduce cracking phenomena.Secondly, divide
Two steps are forged, and the deflection for forging ingot casting every time can be made smaller, can relatively easily control the change of ingot casting
Shape, it is not easy to make the oxide of the outer surface of ingot casting be involved in forging process within ingot casting outer surface, and
Ingot casting is caused to ftracture.
In alternative, the programming rate after preheating is 1 centigrade per minute, to the ingot casting first
At a temperature of time for being heated be 100~200min.That is, being heated up in forging method of the invention
Speed is slow, and the heat time is more long, ingot casting is heated more uniform so that expand with heat and contract with cold cause should
Power easily discharges, therefore ingot casting is not easily susceptible to cracking.
In alternative, first temperature is 960~1050 degrees Celsius, and second temperature is 970~1100
Degree Celsius.Due to high purity titanium, in α phases, plasticity is smaller, and plasticity increases during in β phases, and the β of high purity titanium
Phase transition temperature is very high, and the present invention is by increasing the first temperature and second temperature, temperature when forging high purity titanium
Degree is near phase transition temperature such that it is able to realize the forging to high purity titanium ingot.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 to Fig. 5 is the structural representation of each step of embodiment of forging method of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
There are problems in existing forging method, for example：The forging of formation easily ftractures.In conjunction with existing
The reason for forging for having the forging method of technology, analysis prior art formation easily ftractures：
Prior art makes ingot casting be processed into forging to be formed by once forging, and in forging process, ingot casting becomes
Shape amount is larger, and the deformation of ingot casting is not easily controlled, and the oxide layer on ingot casting surface is easily rolled up in forging process
Enter within ingot casting surface, the forging for resulting in easily ftractures.
Secondly, prior art forging technology can be heat-treated to ingot casting, but the heat treatment process
Programming rate is very fast, ingot casting is heated uneven, so as to ingot casting easily ftractures in causing forging process.
Additionally, the temperature that prior art is heat-treated to ingot casting is low, make the ingot casting temperature after heating relatively low,
The phase transition temperature of high purity titanium is extremely difficult to, therefore, prior art is difficult to forge high purity titanium.
To solve the technical problem, the invention provides a kind of forging method, including：Ingot casting is provided；
First heat treatment is carried out to the ingot casting；Ingot casting to completing the first heat treatment carries out the first forging, is formed
Initial forging；Second heat treatment is carried out to the initial forging；To completing the described initial of the second heat treatment
Forging carries out the second forging, forms forging；The deflection of ingot casting is less than the second forging in first forging process
During initial forging deflection.Wherein, the process that the ingot casting is forged is carried out in two steps,
First forging and the second forging, the first forging process can be that the forging deformation of ingot casting plays transitional function,
The deflection of ingot casting is smaller, the part stress that forging is produced can be discharged, so as to reduce cracking phenomena.Its
It is secondary, forge in two steps, the deflection for forging ingot casting every time can be made smaller, can relatively easily control casting
The deformation of ingot, it is not easy to make the outer surface of ingot casting oxide be involved in forging process ingot casting outer surface with
It is interior, and cause ingot casting to ftracture.
In alternative, the programming rate after preheating is 1 centigrade per minute, to the ingot casting first
At a temperature of time for being heated be 100~200min.That is, being heated up in forging method of the invention
Speed is slow, and the heat time is more long, ingot casting is heated more uniform so that expand with heat and contract with cold cause should
Power easily discharges, therefore ingot casting is not easily susceptible to cracking.
In alternative, first temperature is 960~1050 degrees Celsius, and second temperature is 970~1100
Degree Celsius.Due to high purity titanium, in α phases, plasticity is smaller, and plasticity increases during in β phases, and the β of high purity titanium
Phase transition temperature is very high, the present invention by increase the first temperature and second temperature, make high purity titanium forging when
Temperature is near phase transition temperature such that it is able to realize the forging to high purity titanium ingot.
It is understandable to enable the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention to become apparent, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
Specific embodiment of the invention is described in detail.
Fig. 1~Fig. 5 is the structural representation of each step of embodiment of forging method of the present invention.The forging side
Method, including：
Fig. 1 is refer to, right figure is the side view of left figure in Fig. 1, there is provided ingot casting 100.
In the present embodiment, the ingot casting 100 is titanium ingot.Specifically, the material of the ingot casting 100 is height
Pure titanium, the high purity titanium refers to titanium of the purity more than 99.9%.In the present embodiment, the ingot casting 100
Purity be 99.9%~99.999%.But the present invention is not limited this, the material of the ingot casting 100
It can also be titanium alloy.
In the present embodiment, the ingot casting 100 is cylinder.The cross-sectional diameter D0 of the ingot casting 100 is
270~330mm.But the present invention is not limited this, the ingot casting 100 can also be cross section for just
Polygonal prism.
The first heat treatment is carried out to the ingot casting 100, the plasticity of the ingot casting 100 is improved, is follow-up forging
Technique is made to create conditions.
With reference to Fig. 2, in showing to carry out the ingot casting 100 (as shown in Figure 1) the first heat treatment process,
The temperature versus time curve of ingot casting 100.
In the present embodiment, described first includes the step of heat treatment：The pre-heat treatment is carried out to the ingot casting,
The pre-heat treatment can reduce the temperature difference of forging 100 in subsequent heat processing procedure, reduce thermal shock,
So as to reduce cracking phenomena of the ingot casting 100 in heating and forging process；The first temperature is warming up to after preheating
T2, makes the first temperature T2 more than the phase transition temperature of the titanium ingot；To described under the first temperature T2
Ingot casting is heated, and increases the plasticity of ingot casting 100, for the first follow-up forging provides condition.
Specifically, the step of the pre-heat treatment includes：The ingot casting 100 is put into electric furnace；Make electric furnace
Preheating temperature T1 is warming up to preheat the ingot casting 100.
In the present embodiment, if preheating temperature T1 is too low, preheating temperature T1 and the first temperature T2
Difference is larger, and the pre-heat treatment is difficult to reduce the thermal shock in particular during a heating process of ingot casting 100；If pre-
Hot temperature T1 is too high, it is difficult to the preheating temperature T1 is reached within the time faster so as to extend preheating
Time t1.Therefore, the preheating temperature T1 is 600~850 degrees Celsius.
In the present embodiment, if preheating time t1 is too short, ingot casting 100 is easily set to be heated uneven, it is difficult to
Reduce crack；If preheating time, t1 was long, energy waste is easily produced.Therefore, the preheating time
T1 is 50~90min.
It should be noted that in the present embodiment, before being heated up to electric furnace, by the ingot casting 100
It is put into electric furnace, such order is beneficial to make the thermally equivalent of ingot casting 100.But, the present invention to this not
Limit, can also be the step of the pre-heat treatment after electric furnace is warming up to preheating temperature T1, then will
The ingot casting 100 is put into the electric furnace.
In the present embodiment, the step of the first temperature T2 is warming up to after the preheating in, by making electric furnace slow
It is warming up to the first temperature T2.
In the present embodiment, slow intensification can be heated evenly ingot casting 100, reduce ingot casting 100 because being heated
The uneven crack caused in forging process.Therefore, programming rate is less than 1 centigrade per minute.
It should be noted that being close-packed hexagonal crystallographic system when titanium ingot is in α phases, atomic arrangement is tight, institute
The plasticity for stating ingot casting 100 is poor.When temperature rises to the phase transition temperature of the titanium ingot, titanium ingot is by α phases
It is changed into β phases, lattice structure is changed into monoclinic system by cubic system, and plasticity increases.Therefore, it is described
The forging temperature of ingot casting 100 should be selected near the phase transition temperature of the ingot casting 100.That is, described
In the step of being to slowly warm up to the first temperature T2 of ingot casting 100, the first temperature T2 should be higher than that described
The phase transition temperature of ingot casting 100.Specifically, phase transition temperatures of the first temperature T2 than the ingot casting 100
It is high 50~100 degrees Celsius.
Also, it should be noted that the content of titanium is higher in the ingot casting 100, phase transition temperature is higher.This reality
Apply in example, the material of the ingot casting 100 is high purity titanium, specifically, the purity of the ingot casting 100 exists
In the range of 99.9%~99.999%.The phase transition temperature of high purity titanium is higher, therefore, to realize to high purity titanium ingot
Forging, the first temperature T2 can not be too low；If the first temperature T2 is too high, energy is easily produced
Amount is wasted.In the present embodiment, the first temperature T2 is 960~1000 degrees Celsius.The heating-up time
T2 is 110~400min.
But, the present invention is not limited the first temperature T2, in other embodiments, the ingot casting
Material be titanium alloy.Because the phase transition temperature of titanium alloy is relatively low, therefore, first temperature can also
It is relatively low, specifically, first temperature can be 800~900 degrees Celsius.
Include in the present embodiment, the step of the heating：Make furnace temperature stable under the first temperature T2,
The ingot casting 100 is heated.
During being heated to the ingot casting 100, if heat time t3 is too short, it is difficult to make ingot casting 100
It is heated evenly；If the heat time, t3 was long, easily cause energy dissipation.In the present embodiment, to ensure
Ingot casting 100 is heated evenly, and the heat time t3 of the ingot casting 100 is more long, specifically, during the heating
Between t3 be 100~200min.But the present invention is not limited this, in other embodiments, for example, institute
The material of ingot casting is stated for titanium alloy, accordingly, the heat time can be shorter, specifically, described add
The hot time is 50~100min.
It should be noted that in the present embodiment, the material of the ingot casting 100 is titanium, and Titanium is in heating
During, surface can form one layer of oxide layer of densification, and the oxide layer covers the ingot casting 100, can
Ingot casting 100 is prevented to be further oxided.Therefore, when being slowly heated to the ingot casting 100 and extending heating
Between t3 can increase the uniformity that ingot casting 100 is heated, and be not easy to increase the degree of oxidation of ingot casting 100.
Fig. 3 is refer to, the first forging is carried out to the ingot casting 100, ingot casting 100 in the first forging process
Deflection of the deflection less than initial forging in follow-up second forging process.First forging can be to casting
The deformation of ingot 100 plays a transition role, and can make the Stress Release in ingot casting 100, so as to reduce ingot casting 100
Cracking phenomena.
In the present embodiment, the first forging is carried out to the ingot casting 100 by flat-die forging equipment, specifically,
The flat-die forging equipment includes two chopping blocks 110, and the chopping block 110 is used for as the offer pressure of ingot casting 100 should
Power.
Specifically, the step of first forging includes：By 110 pairs of ingot castings 100 of the chopping block
Radial direction apply pressure；Chopping block 110 is set tangentially to be rotated by 90 ° to the ingot casting 100 along the circumference of ingot casting 100
Apply pressure, the cross section of the ingot casting 100 is forged into square cross section, form initial forging 101.
If it should be noted that the deflection of ingot casting 100 is too small in the first forging process, it is difficult to casting
The deformation of ingot 100 plays a transition role；If the deflection of ingot casting 100 is excessive in the first forging process, right
The deflection of ingot casting 100 is difficult control, and stress in ingot casting 100 is difficult release, is easily caused ingot casting
100 crackings.Therefore, in the present embodiment, in the first forging process, the deflection of the ingot casting 100 exists
In the range of 15%~25%, the length of side d of the initial forging 101 for being formed is the model of 230mm~260mm
In enclosing.
Fig. 4 is refer to, the second heat treatment is carried out to the initial forging, described second is heat-treated for increasing
The plasticity of initial forging 101, reduces the deformation resistance of initial forging 101, is the second follow-up forging wound
Make condition.
In the present embodiment, described second includes the step of heat treatment：The forging 101 is put into electric furnace 120,
It is to slowly warm up to second temperature；It is incubated under the second temperature.
It should be noted that described second is heat-treated for for the second follow-up forging creates conditions, improving
The plasticity of the initial forging 101.Second forging needs to refine the crystal grain of the initial forging 101,
Make the deflection of initial forging 101 larger, therefore, the second forging process is to the initial forging 101
Temperature requirement is not less than temperature requirement of first forging to ingot casting 100, that is to say, that the second temperature
More than or equal to the first temperature T2.Specifically, in the present embodiment, the second temperature is slightly above the first temperature
Degree T2.
Also, it should be noted that if second temperature is too low, the plasticity of initial forging 101 is difficult to improve,
So as to be difficult in follow-up second forging process, make initial forging 101 that enough deformations to occur, form forging
Part；If second temperature is too high, the deformation of initial forging 101 is difficult control.Therefore, specifically, originally
In embodiment, the second temperature is at 970~1100 degrees Celsius.But, the present invention is not limited this,
In other embodiments, the material of the ingot casting is titanium alloy, because the phase transition temperature of titanium alloy is relatively low,
Therefore, the second temperature can also be relatively low, specifically, the second temperature can be 850~960
Degree Celsius.
If additionally, in the step of being incubated under the second temperature, soaking time is too short, it is difficult to
Ensure that initial forging 101 is heated evenly；If the long easy generation energy dissipation of soaking time.This
In embodiment due to first forging terminate the rear forging 101 temperature it is higher, the temperature difference with second temperature
It is smaller, therefore, the soaking time need not be long.Specifically, the soaking time is 30~60min.
As shown in figure 5, carrying out the second forging to the initial forging 101, forging 102 is formed.Described
Two forge for crystal grain thinning or change crystal grain orientation, improve structure property.It is initial in second forging process
Deflection of the deflection of forging 101 more than ingot casting 100 (as shown in Figure 3) in the first forging process.
In the present embodiment, described second includes the step of forging：By two chopping blocks 110 along described initial
The cornerwise direction of the square cross section of forging 101 applies pressure to initial forging 101；Make the chopping block 110
60 degree are being rotated perpendicular to the axis of initial forging 101, pressure is being applied to initial forging 101；Again
Make the chopping block 110 that 60 degree are rotated in the plane perpendicular to the axis of initial forging 101, by two
The initial forging 101 of individual chopping block 110 pairs applies pressure, and the initial forging 101 is forged into cross section is
The right prism of regular hexagon；
The chopping block 110 is set to apply pressure to initial forging 101 at the position of every 30 degree of rotation, by institute
State the right prism that cross section is regular hexagon and be forged into the right prism that cross section is dodecagon；
Aforesaid operations are repeated until it is circular forging 102 that the initial forging 101 is forged into cross section.
In the present embodiment, by more than 101 applying pressure of initial forging, making initial forging 101 through many
Secondary deformation, forms the forging 102.This forging method can effectively control the deformation of initial forging 101,
And the oxide of the outer surface for being not easy to make initial forging 101 is involved in initial forging 101 in forging process
Within surface such that it is able to reduce cracking.
If it should be noted that it is described second forging deflection it is too small, it is difficult to crystal grain thinning, improvement
Institutional framework；If the deflection of second forging is excessive, easily by the oxygen on the surface of initial forging 101
Change layer to be involved in inside forging, make forging cracking.Therefore, in the present embodiment, in second forging process,
Make the deflection of the initial forging 101 in the range of 35%~45%, the forging 102 for being formed is transversal
The diameter D1 in face is in the range of 270~33mm.
It should be noted that the material of ingot casting 100 described in the present embodiment (as shown in Figure 1) is titanium, when
When the temperature of titanium ingot is less than phase transition temperature, the deformation resistance of titanium ingot is sharply increased, and is unfavorable for forging.Therefore,
When being forged to the titanium ingot, the temperature of the titanium ingot can not be too low.Specifically, in the present embodiment,
The titanium ingot is high purity titanium ingot, and the phase transition temperature of the high purity titanium ingot is more than 760 degrees Celsius, correspondingly,
In first forging and the second forging process, forging temperature cannot be below 760 degrees Celsius.
In the present embodiment, after the step of being forged to the initial forging 101, the forging side
Method also includes, the forging 102 is made annealing treatment that the annealing is recrystallization annealing, institute
State the residual stress that recrystallization annealing can be eliminated in forging 102, Reducing distortion and crackle.
In the present embodiment, the forging 102 is made annealing treatment by electric furnace.The annealing
Step includes：Electric furnace is warming up to annealing temperature；The forging 102 is put into electric furnace, is moved back described
It is incubated at fiery temperature；Electric furnace is closed, makes the furnace cooling of the forging 102.
If it should be noted that annealing temperature is too low, it is difficult to eliminate the residual stress in forging 102；
If annealing temperature is too high, the hardness of forging 102 is easily caused too low.Therefore, it is described to move back in this implementation
Fiery temperature is in 650~700 degree Celsius ranges.
If additionally, annealing time is too short, it is difficult to eliminate the residual stress in forging 102；If annealing
Overlong time, residual stress will not increase and eliminate with annealing time again, and easily increase energy consumption.Therefore,
In the present embodiment, the soaking time is 50~80min.
Also, it should be noted that after being made annealing treatment to the casting 102, the forging method is also
Including：The forging 102 is machined, the forging 102 is processed as being of the required size
Finished product forging.
Specifically, the step of being machined to the forging 102 includes：By the side of size
Method is processed to the excircle of the forging 102, removes the oxide layer on the surface of forging 102.
Further, it is also possible to the forging 102 is processed as into size and curvature meets the finished product forging of design requirement.
The present embodiment is carried out as a example by the cylindrical ingot of major diameter is forged into small diameter cylinders shape Forging
Describe in detail, but the present invention is not limited this, in other embodiments, can also be by cylinder
Ingot casting is processed as the prism that cross section is regular polygon.
To sum up, in forging method of the invention, the process that the ingot casting is forged is carried out in two steps,
First forging and the second forging, the first forging process can play transitional function to the forging deformation of ingot casting,
The deflection of ingot casting is smaller, the part stress that forging is produced can be discharged, so as to reduce cracking phenomena.This
Outward, forge in two steps, the deflection for forging ingot casting every time can be made smaller, can relatively easily control casting
The deformation of ingot, it is not easy to make the outer surface of ingot casting oxide be involved in forging process ingot casting outer surface with
It is interior, and cause ingot casting to ftracture.
Secondly, the programming rate after preheating is 1 centigrade per minute, to the ingot casting at the first temperature
The time heated is 100~200min.That is, programming rate is slow in forging method of the invention,
Heat time is more long, ingot casting is heated more uniform, so that the stress for causing that expands with heat and contract with cold easily is released
Put, therefore ingot casting is not easily susceptible to cracking.
Additionally, first temperature is 960~1050 degrees Celsius, second temperature is 970~1100 degrees Celsius.
Due to high purity titanium, in α phases, plasticity is smaller, and plasticity increases during in β phases, and the β phase alternating temperatures of high purity titanium
Degree is very high, and the present invention makes temperature of the high purity titanium in forging exist by increasing the first temperature and second temperature
Near phase transition temperature such that it is able to realize the forging to high purity titanium ingot
Although present disclosure is as above, the present invention is not limited to this.Any those skilled in the art,
Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can make various changes or modifications, therefore guarantor of the invention
Shield scope should be defined by claim limited range.
Claims (17)
1. a kind of forging method, it is characterised in that including：
Ingot casting is provided；
First heat treatment is carried out to the ingot casting；
Ingot casting to completing the first heat treatment carries out the first forging, forms initial forging；
Second heat treatment is carried out to the initial forging；
Described initial forging to completing the second heat treatment carries out the second forging, forms forging；
Wherein, the deflection of ingot casting is less than the change of initial forging in the second forging process in the first forging process
Shape amount.
2. forging method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the ingot casting is cylinder, and cross section is
Circular and a diameter of first diameter；
In the step of carrying out the first forging to the ingot casting, it is square rib that the ingot casting is forged into cross section
Post, forms initial forging；
It is that cross section is straight by the initial forging process for fuel in the step of carrying out the second forging to the initial forging
Footpath is the cylinder of Second bobbin diameter, and the Second bobbin diameter is less than first diameter.
3. forging method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the step of being forged to the ingot casting
In, ingot casting is forged by flat-die forging equipment；
The flat-die forging equipment includes：Two chopping blocks being parallel to each other；
First forging includes：Pressure radially is applied to ingot casting along the ingot casting by two chopping blocks；Make institute
State chopping block to be tangentially rotated by 90 ° along ingot casting circumference, then pressure is applied to ingot casting, the ingot casting is forged into
Cross section is square prism, forms initial forging；
Second forging includes：By two chopping blocks along the initial cornerwise side of forging square cross section
Apply pressure to initial forging；Make the chopping block in the plane perpendicular to the initial forging axis
60 degree of rotation, then pressure is applied to initial forging；Make the chopping block again perpendicular to the initial forging
60 degree of rotation in the plane of part axis, pressure is applied by two chopping blocks to initial forging, will be described first
Beginning forging process for fuel is that cross section is the right prism of regular hexagon；
The chopping block is applied pressure to initial forging at the position of every 30 degree of rotation, be by the cross section
The right prism of regular hexagon is forged into the right prism that cross section is dodecagon；
Aforesaid operations are repeated until by the initial forging process for fuel for cross section is circular forging.
4. forging method as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, it is characterised in that the first forging is carried out to ingot casting
In step, make the deflection of the ingot casting in the range of 15%~25%；
In the step of carrying out the second forging to initial forging, make the deflection of the initial forging 35%~45%
In the range of.
5. forging method as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, it is characterised in that in the step of the offer ingot casting,
A diameter of 270~330mm of the ingot casting cross section；
In the step of carrying out the first forging to the ingot casting, make the length of side of the initial forging square cross section
It is 230mm~250mm；
In the step of carrying out the second forging to the initial forging, make a diameter of of the forging circular cross section
170mm~220mm.
6. forging method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the first heat treatment is carried out to the ingot casting
The step of in, the ingot casting is reached the first temperature；Second heat treatment is carried out to the initial forging
In step, the initial forging is set to reach second temperature；
First temperature is less than or equal to second temperature.
7. forging method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that include the step of first heat treatment：
The ingot casting is preheated；
The first temperature is warming up to after preheating；
The ingot casting is heated at the first temperature.
8. forging method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the material of the ingot casting is high purity titanium；
The purity of the high purity titanium is in the range of 99.9%~99.999%.
9. forging method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the material of the ingot casting is titanium, is heated up
Into the step of the first temperature, programming rate is less than 1 centigrade per minute.
10. forging method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that first temperature is 960~1050
Degree Celsius.
11. forging methods as claimed in claim 10, it is characterised in that enter to the ingot casting at the first temperature
The step of row heating, includes：The ingot casting is set to heat 100~200min at the first temperature.
12. forging methods as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the material of the ingot casting is titanium；
The step of preheating, includes：Electric furnace is warming up to 600~850 degrees Celsius, is protected under 600~850 degrees Celsius
50~90min of temperature.
13. forging methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described second includes the step of heat treatment：
The initial forging is heated；
It is incubated at the second temperature after being heated to second temperature.
14. forging methods as claimed in claim 13, it is characterised in that the material of the ingot casting is titanium；It is described
Second temperature is 970~1100 degrees Celsius.
15. forging method as described in claim 13 or 14, it is characterised in that protected at the second temperature
In the step of temperature, soaking time is 30~60min.
16. forging methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the material of the ingot casting is titanium；
In the step of carrying out the first forging to the ingot casting, the temperature of the ingot casting is more than 760 degrees Celsius；
In the step of carrying out the second forging to the initial forging, the temperature of the initial forging is taken the photograph more than 760
Family name's degree.
17. forging methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the step of being forged to the casting
Afterwards, the forging method also includes, the forging is made annealing treatment；
The material of the ingot casting is titanium；
In the step of being made annealing treatment to the ingot casting, annealing temperature is 650~700 degrees Celsius, during insulation
Between be 50~80min.
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| CN110315017A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-10-11 | 浙江鸿景特钢制造有限公司 | The forging technology of metal forging |
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| CN112067473A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-11 | 东北大学 | Experimental method for die steel forging and cooling control process |
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