CN106902991B - Vertical dome centripetal condensation type separator and separation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A vertical dome centripetal condensation type separator and a separation method thereof belong to the technical field of heterogeneous liquid-liquid system separation equipment and application. The centripetal agglomeration type separator is a separation machine which depends on strong centrifugal force and centripetal force generated at high speed and utilizes the density difference between two immiscible liquid phases to complete agglomeration and coarse granulation of tiny droplets, the inner parts of the important parts of the separator are a primary separation chamber, an agglomeration chamber and a final separation chamber, the primary separation chamber and the final separation chamber are provided with the same separation impellers, and the agglomerator is formed by winding and rolling a thin steel plate; the materials are driven upwards by the light and heavy liquid centripetal pumps at the top end of the rotary drum, so that liquid is effectively separated, power consumption is saved, the centripetal pumps are still during work, and the materials rotate at high speed along with the rotary drum and the mandrel to generate upward kinetic energy and lift; a mechanical sealing mode is adopted, and the upper end and the lower end of the bearing box are provided with bearing boxes so as to facilitate the replacement of the bearing; the double-layer structure of the dome at the upper part can solve the problem that light liquid and heavy liquid are easy to mix.

Description

Vertical dome centripetal condensation type separator and separation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a vertical dome centripetal condensation type separator and a separation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of heterogeneous liquid-liquid system separation equipment and application.

Background

Centrifugal separation technology is a technology which has been developed for a long time, and some centrifuges realize separation or concentration of materials by means of centrifugal force generated by high-speed rotation of a rotary drum, and are commonly used for separating more than two suspensions or emulsions with different densities and incompatible solutions, such as: solid-liquid, liquid-liquid, solid-liquid separation process.

The centrifugal separation technology comprises the following steps: centrifugal sedimentation, centrifugal separation, and the like.

Because equipment such as centrifuge can produce fairly high rotational angular velocity, make centrifugal force far away from gravity for suspended solid in the fluid solution just easily deposits and separates out, because the centrifugal force that the material that the proportion is different received is different again to the settling velocity is different, can make the material that the proportion is different reach the separation.

The centrifuge is a general machine for separating heterogeneous materials (liquid, solid, liquid-solid) by using strong centrifugal force generated by high-speed rotation of a rotor. It is used mainly to separate solid particles from liquid in suspension; or separating two liquids which have different densities and are not mutually soluble in the emulsion, for example, separating cream from milk.

Centrifuges have a rotating drum, commonly referred to as a bowl, that rotates at high speed about its own main shaft. Generally, the centrifugal machine is driven by a motor, and compared with other separation machines, the centrifugal machine generally has the advantages of high separation efficiency, small volume, reliable sealing, few auxiliary equipment and the like, so that the centrifugal machine is widely applied to various fields of chemical industry, petroleum, light industry, medicine, food, textile, metallurgy, coal, ore dressing, ships, military industry, environmental protection and the like.

After the 20 th century, with the development of comprehensive utilization of petroleum, it was required to remove water, solid impurities, tar-like substances, etc. in order to use heavy oil as fuel oil, and disc-type piston slagging separators, which automatically discharge slags, were developed in the 50 s, and developed into perfect series products in the 60 s. With the requirements of recent environmental protection and three-waste treatment development, the requirements on industrial wastewater and sludge dehydration treatment are high, so that the horizontal spiral discharge sedimentation centrifuge, the disc type separator and the three-foot type lower discharge sedimentation centrifuge are promoted to be further developed, and particularly, the development of the horizontal spiral sedimentation centrifuge and the disc type separator is particularly rapid.

The separation of heterogeneous liquid-liquid systems plays an important role in the petroleum and chemical industries and is an indispensable key unit operation for process guarantee, equipment protection, fluid purification, liquid recovery, finished product purification and the like. In recent years, along with the petroleum refining in China and the expansion of the processing scale of downstream petroleum products, people pay more attention to how to more economically and effectively separate heterogeneous liquid-liquid phases, reduce energy consumption, improve efficiency and guarantee safety.

Due to the particularity of some industries, the required fluid cleanliness is strictly limited, but on the other hand, due to the nature of the fluid itself, some useless fluids dissolved in the fluid are difficult to remove, such as various oil-water mixtures.

The content of dissolved water in kerosene, gasoline and diesel oil is fixed as a function of temperature at a constant pressure. Kerosene absorbs water from the atmosphere to reach a dissolution equilibrium, but when the temperature is lowered, free water is generated, and the process is repeated. Therefore, efficient and economical separation measures must be taken, and correct separation equipment is used, so as to ensure that the quality of oil products meets requirements.

There are many practical factors affecting the separation of the two phases, such as the characteristics of the condensed material itself, the physical properties of the fluid, and the practical operation conditions, etc., and in order to achieve the separation of the two phases more economically and effectively, it is necessary to carefully analyze and study the key factors ultimately affecting the separation of the two phases in practical applications, and study the optimization control technology of the centrifugal separation process, etc. Enhancing the separation performance includes increasing the drum speed; adding new driving force in the centrifugal separation process; the separation speed is accelerated; increasing the drum length prolongs the time of centrifugal settling separation, and the like.

The liquid-liquid two-phase separation process generally comprises two stages:

the agglomeration stage is the primary stage and the most important stage thereof. The dispersed phase droplets collide with each other and are polymerized along the fiber direction under the push of the fluid, so that the droplets are agglomerated and enlarged, and if the droplets are not well agglomerated in the agglomeration stage, the droplets are difficult to settle down by the self gravity.

The liquid drops with different particle sizes collide and are agglomerated together, and then move, collide and are condensed until the liquid drops are enlarged to be settled down by the self gravity. The coagulation mechanism of wetting before collision requires that the selected coagulation material has strong trapping capacity for liquid drops, which is related to the success or failure of the whole coagulation separation.

The second is the separation stage, where the larger the interfacial tension between the liquid-liquid phases, the more easily the dispersed phase forms large droplets, and the more easily the two phases separate. The fiber diameter and average pore size of the coalescing material in the apparatus are reduced to increase the ability to capture droplets of dispersed phase, thereby increasing the coalescing effect.

In the droplet settling phase, the settling velocity of the droplets will be small according to Stokes' law, thus resulting in a longer settling rise time for the dispersed phase. The most economical and effective separation can be achieved by heating the fluid and circulating it through the separation apparatus.

The density difference of two phases is a premise for realizing the separation of liquid and liquid phases, the larger the density difference of the two phases is, the faster the sedimentation speed is, the shorter the retention time is, the larger the flow rate of the treatment is, and the smaller the volume of the equipment is. Besides the above-mentioned factors affecting the coalescence-separation effect, there are also the following: the structural form of the device, the actual operating conditions, etc.

The equipment which can be used for realizing the liquid-liquid two-phase separation at present mainly comprises: single-stage coalescers, two-stage coalescer separators and three-stage filtration-coalescer separators, among others: cyclone separator, inclined plate sedimentation separator, disc separator, etc.

The internal coalescing elements of a single stage coalescer are mainly: the treated fluid can be pure or a liquid-liquid diffusion system containing a small amount of solid impurities. Among them are: filter element type single stage coalescers and packed single stage coalescers.

The two-stage coagulation separator is a filter element type two-stage coagulation separator, and is suitable for fluid with organic hydrocarbon as a continuous phase and aqueous liquid as a disperse phase, and the fluid can contain a small amount of solid particle impurities. Two filter elements with different functions are arranged in the two-stage coalescence-separation device: a first-stage coalescence filter element and a second-stage separation filter element.

The filter element type two-stage coalescence separator is a liquid-liquid two-phase agglutination separator device which has the widest application range and the highest use efficiency at present. The content of the dispersed phase of the fluid after the treatment can reach <10ppm, and even can reach <5 ppm. Because of the wide range of applications for the filter element type coalescer separators, the specifications of the coalescer filter elements currently in use are substantially standardized internationally. The fluid passes through the coalescing filter element from inside to outside, so that on one hand, the accumulation and sedimentation of dispersed phase droplets on the surface of the coalescing filter element are facilitated, on the other hand, the treatment flow can be improved, and the most economical two-phase separation is realized.

The three-stage filtering and condensing separator is suitable for the fluid containing a certain amount of solid impurities. The fluid intercepts solid particle pollutants outside the filter element through the primary filter element, the fluid without the solid particles enters the secondary coalescence filter element, passes through the coalescence filter element from inside to outside, and finally is completely separated from two phases through the separation filter element.

In fact, the three-stage coagulation separation is to add one-stage pre-filtration on the basis of two-stage coagulation separation, solid particle impurities must be filtered firstly due to the existence of solid particles in fluid, so that the difficulty of two-phase separation is increased, and meanwhile, solid particles are easy to intercept due to small aperture of a coagulation medium, so that the service life of a coagulation filter element is shortened, and the treatment cost is increased. However, in order to realize the liquid-solid three-phase separation, improve the agglutination efficiency and save the separation cost, the separation equipment can be selected for improving the cleanliness of the fluid.

The aforesaid coalescers are static separation devices which separate under the action of gravity, and besides, the most representative rotating dynamic separation machines for separating two phases of liquid-liquid are disc separators.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a vertical dome structure centripetal condensation type separator which can finish large-flow treatment, has reasonable and feasible structure, is convenient to assemble and operate and can ensure stable performance. The separator has the advantages of combination, integration, skid mounting, detachability and the like; the method is suitable for separating various liquid phases;

the liquid is effectively separated by utilizing the density difference between the liquid and the liquid under the combined action of powerful centrifugal force and centripetal force at different parts.

The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a vertical dome structure centripetal condensation type separator comprises an upper bearing box base, a dome collecting sealing cover, a mechanical seal, a sealing cover, a bearing, a rotary drum upper cover, a heavy liquid centripetal pump, a light liquid centripetal pump, a rotary drum, a primary separation chamber centrifugal impeller blade, a primary separation chamber impeller hub, a final separation chamber centrifugal impeller blade, a final separation chamber impeller hub, a casing, a central main shaft, a condensation chamber inner cylinder wall, a condensation chamber winding drum, a rotary drum lower cover, a lower bearing base, a lower bearing, a packing box lower end cover and a gland;

the separator adopts a vertical structure, the top of the separator is a dome flip structure, the left side of the separator is a hinge, the right side of the separator is a screwing bolt, the interior of the dome collecting seal cover is divided into an upper layer cavity and a lower layer cavity, the upper layer cavity and the lower layer cavity are respectively filled with light liquid and heavy liquid, the two layers of cavities are not communicated with each other, the upper layer cavity is connected with a light liquid collecting port, the lower layer cavity is connected with a heavy liquid collecting port, and a thin plate liquid blocking cover is arranged below the top of the dome seal cover; the machine shell is a static fixed cylinder body, a light liquid centripetal pump and a heavy liquid centripetal pump are arranged in the upper end of the machine shell, the light liquid centripetal pump and the heavy liquid centripetal pump are static and immovable in the machine as the machine shell, and do not rotate along with the rotary drum, the central main shaft, various internal parts in the middle and the materials to be separated and processed; the material to be separated is sucked into a light liquid centripetal pump and a heavy liquid centripetal pump under the driving of high-speed rotation, and the structure of the light liquid centripetal pump takes a pump chamber formed by an impeller hub and a light liquid guide cover plate of a final separation chamber as a main body; the main body of the heavy liquid centripetal pump is a pump chamber formed by a rotary drum upper cover and a heavy liquid guide cover plate, and the light liquid centripetal pump and the heavy liquid centripetal pump continuously suck light liquid and heavy liquid through respective suction ports so as to separate the light liquid from the heavy liquid; in addition, the outer part of the heavy liquid centripetal pump and the upper cover of the rotary drum adopt mechanical seal, the pump body of the heavy liquid centripetal pump is a static part, a static sealing ring is contacted with the static sealing ring, the spring for pressing the static sealing ring is also included, and the sealing ring and the O-shaped ring which are usually positioned at the static sealing ring position are pressed by the upper cover of the rotary drum, so the sealing ring is called as a dynamic sealing ring;

a rotary drum rotating at a high speed is installed in a static casing, and the rotary drum part consists of a central main shaft, the rotary drum, an upper cover of the rotary drum, a heavy liquid centripetal pump, a heavy liquid guide cover plate, a light liquid guide cover plate, a final separation chamber centrifugal impeller, a final separation chamber impeller hub, an inner cylinder wall of a condensation chamber, a winding drum of the condensation chamber, a primary separation chamber centrifugal impeller, a primary separation chamber impeller hub and a lower cover of the rotary drum; the body of the rotary drum is divided into a primary separation chamber, a condensation chamber and a final separation chamber, the primary separation chamber at the lower part comprises a centrifugal impeller blade of the primary separation chamber and an impeller hub of the primary separation chamber, the final separation chamber at the upper part of the rotary drum comprises a centrifugal impeller blade of the final separation chamber and an impeller hub of the final separation chamber, the primary separation chamber and the final separation chamber have the same structure, wherein, the separation impeller of a core component is formed by a slot which is respectively arranged on the impeller hub of the final separation chamber and the impeller hub of the primary separation chamber, the centrifugal impeller blade of the final separation chamber and the centrifugal impeller blade of the primary separation chamber are both formed by thin plates which are symmetrical to a central shaft and are arranged into radial shapes according to a set angle, the blades of the impeller are fixed in the slots of the impeller, a steel belt with a set width is wound on the outer surface of the impeller, and the blades are fastened in the slots; a coagulator is arranged between the primary separation chamber and the final separation chamber, the core part of the coagulator is a coagulator, the coagulator comprises a coagulator chamber inner cylinder wall and a coagulator chamber winding reel, the coagulator chamber winding reel is an overlapped rotary drum which is spirally wound by a thin steel plate, and the number of overlapped layers of the reel is 30-180; convex holes with the diameter of 2-3 mm and the height of 0.7 mm are arranged on each laminate on the winding drum at intervals of 80-100 mm at the front, back, left and right; the interval between the laminates is small but uniform, the distance between the laminates is fixed, and the liquid and the rotary drum are ensured to synchronously rotate at intervals by using metal laths; the distance bars are arranged along the up-down concurrent flow direction, and the cylinder rotates at high speed; the impeller hub of the primary separation chamber, the impeller hub of the final separation chamber, the inner cylinder wall of the condensation chamber and the central main shaft are connected through keys; in addition, bearing boxes which are convenient for replacing bearings are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end, wherein an upper bearing box seat is adopted, after the bearings are arranged, the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing are respectively compressed and limited by compression nuts, and a countersunk hexagon socket head cap bolt is adopted for compressing the upper bearing box seat in order to avoid the contact of a flip-type dome collecting sealing cover; in addition, the upper cover of the rotary drum, the heavy liquid guide cover plate and the rotary drum form a hard support of the bearing inner ring; the lower bearing is arranged in the lower bearing seat, the inner ring of the lower bearing is pressed by a round nut pressing cap to press a stop gasket, and the outer ring of the bearing is directly pressed by a lower end cover of the stuffing box.

The separation method of the vertical dome structure centripetal condensation type separator adopts a mode of feeding from the top end downwards and then returning to the upper part for discharging, the specific flow and the separation process are that feeding is carried out from a feeding pipe at the top end, materials are downwards conveyed through an inner hole of a hollow shaft, when the bottom of the shaft is reached, a great flow speed is obtained and the pressure is enhanced, because the inner space of the whole rotary drum is divided into an initial separation chamber, a condensation chamber and a final separation chamber, then firstly enters the primary separation chamber under the lifting action of pressure and centrifugal pump lift, and is separated in an impeller in the primary separation chamber, the centrifugal impeller and the impeller hub of the primary separation chamber rotate at high speed along with the rotary drum and the central spindle, at the moment, under the action of centrifugal force, the material simultaneously performs three motions of axial, radial and annular, light liquid is gathered to the central shaft, and heavy liquid is thrown to one side of the wall of the rotary drum; the heavy liquid part after the initial separation enters a coagulator along the wall of a rotary drum, the heavy liquid part is coagulated in the coagulator, a plurality of small holes are arranged on the surface of a winding drum of the coagulator formed by winding and coiling a thin steel plate, the light liquid further separated flows inwards layer by layer and upwards simultaneously through the small holes, and the light liquid after the initial separation flows to a final separation chamber through the gap of a sleeve in the coagulator; the light liquid and the heavy liquid finally enter a final separation chamber after passing through a coagulator, fine separation is completed in an impeller of the final separation chamber, the separated light liquid and the separated heavy liquid respectively reach inlets of light liquid centrifugal pumps and heavy liquid centrifugal pumps, are sucked and move to a dome double-layer buckling cover position on the top, the light liquid centrifugal pumps, namely inner sleeves, of the light liquid centrifugal pumps are connected with the uppermost layer of a dome, and the heavy liquid centrifugal pumps are connected with the lower layer of the dome double layer; for oil and water materials, the separation process is divided into three stages:

a coarse separation stage: oil and water materials enter a primary separation chamber in a revolving body, and because the direction of a centrifugal force is from the center of the revolving shaft to the outer side of the revolving drum, set gaps are reserved among blades arranged according to a set angle, when stock solution flows through the gaps, oil drops contained in the stock solution float due to density difference between the oil drops and water;

and (3) an agglutination stage: the material enters the condensation chamber after being separated by the primary separation chamber, the primarily separated oil enters the inlet of the condensation chamber through the light liquid outlet, the primarily separated water enters the heavy liquid outlet of the primary separation chamber and the inlet of the condensation chamber and then enters the heavy liquid inlet of the final separation chamber, and when the stock solution passes through a small gap in the condensation chamber, the small oil drops which are not separated in the front and dispersed in the water can continuously move towards the center direction of the rotating shaft and float upwards; the floating oil drops flow in the same direction as the stock solution, namely, flow downstream, and the water and the oil flow in the same direction;

a fine separation stage, wherein two phases and part of mixed liquid passing through the agglutination chamber enter a final separation chamber, the structure of the final separation chamber is completely the same as that of the initial separation chamber, and the size and the length of the final separation chamber are changed or different according to requirements; the oil droplets are coagulated and coarsely granulated in the coagulation chamber and are easily separated in the final separation chamber;

the separation method comprises the following steps: a-b-c-e-f-g-k;

the separation method comprises the following paths of heavy liquid: a-b-c-d-h-m-n-o-p.

By adopting the technical scheme, the vertical dome structure centripetal condensation type separator is another dynamic device which rotates at a high speed by utilizing centrifugal force, can obviously improve the separation effect compared with the static separation device, and has the biggest characteristics of small structure and light weight. The separator is different from the traditional liquid-liquid separator, and is a novel high-performance separator for carrying out agglomeration and coarse granulation of tiny liquid drops by utilizing centrifugal force.

The separation principle of the separator is to utilize the specific gravity difference between two liquids, so that the separator can be widely applied to the separation of two liquids which are not mutually fused and have density difference, such as separating a small amount of oil or other components in water, and separating the extracting solution and water in the extracting process.

The separator of the vertical dome structure centripetal condensation type is a separator for separating liquid phase particles, and the two liquid particles can be separated as long as the two liquid particles have specific gravity difference and are not dissolved with each other. Liquids like this are found throughout the industry and industrial production, and the following are the main areas of application:

1. separation of various oils and water produced during oil extraction, refining and storage;

2. separating the recovered offshore produced oil;

3. separation of oil and water in machinery, steel, hydraulic, heat treatment, calendering and automotive industries;

4. treating ballast water of various ships and submarines;

5. the separation of liquid with poor specific gravity in the processes of extraction, washing and water washing in the fields of pharmaceutical industry, dairy product production, pharmaceutical industry, food industry, beverage industry and the like.

The separator has a structure in which a liquid to be separated is introduced into a rotating rotor and is separated in a centrifugal force field by utilizing a specific gravity difference between the two liquids. Therefore, the method can be applied to separation of two liquids which are not mutually fused and have specific gravity difference, such as separation of oil and water in industrial sewage.

The design principle of the vertical dome structure centripetal condensation type separator is that material fluid with density difference is placed in a centrifugal force field under high rotating speed, and different rotating speeds are controlled and adjusted to change the difference of the centrifugal force and the centripetal force of equipment so as to generate different separation effects and functions.

The invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

1. the efficiency is high: the machine has high separation efficiency and high-quality separation effect;

2. the structure is simple: compact, small, light, short manufacturing cycle, easy to install, disassemble and maintain;

3. the manufacturing precision is high: the speed of lifting is fast, the vibration is small, the noise is low, and the operation is stable and reliable;

4. energy conservation: by selecting part of light materials, energy is saved, and the operation cost is reduced;

5. the occupied area is small: the vertical structure saves the field;

6. the adaptability is strong: the separation process is simple, and the operation and maintenance are simple and convenient;

7. the running period is long: the lubricating mode is oil lubrication, the bearing and the mechanical seal share one set of lubricating and cooling system, the spatial position and the structure are fully utilized, the lubricating performance is improved, and the service life is prolonged.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram of a vertical dome-structured centripetal condensation type separator according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is the working principle and flow chart of the vertical dome structure centripetal condensation type separator of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an upper dome structure and a centripetal pump of a vertical dome structure centripetal condensation type separator.

FIG. 4 is a front view of the structure of the initial and final separation chambers.

FIG. 5 is a top view of the structure of the primary and final separation chambers.

FIG. 6 is a side view of the structure of the initial and final separation chambers.

FIG. 7 is a front view of the construction of the condensation chamber.

FIG. 8 is a top view of the structure of the condensation chamber.

In fig. 1, a light liquid collecting port, 2, a stud bolt, 3, an O-ring, 4, an upper bearing box base, 5, a feeding pipe, 6, a dome collecting cover, 7, a mechanical seal, 8, a sealing cover, 9, a bearing, 10, a heavy liquid collecting port, 11, a drum upper cover, 12, a heavy liquid centripetal pump, 13, a heavy liquid guiding cover plate, 14, a light liquid guiding cover plate, 15, a light liquid centripetal pump, 16, a drum, 17, a final separation chamber centrifugal impeller, 18, a final separation chamber impeller hub, 19, a casing, 20, a coagulation chamber inner cylinder wall, 21, a coagulation chamber winding drum, 22, a primary separation chamber centrifugal impeller, 23, a primary separation chamber impeller hub, 24, a drum lower cover, 25, a shaft retainer, 26, a felt, 27, a lower bearing base, 28, a lower bearing, 29, a stop washer, 30, a round nut gland, 31, a packing box lower end cover, 32, a packing, 33, a gland, 34. support 35, belt wheel 36, damping pad 37, central main shaft 38, motor.

In FIG. 2, a feed pipe, b, a liquid flow inlet of a primary separation chamber, c, a light liquid outlet of the primary separation chamber, an inlet of a condensation chamber, a light liquid outlet of the condensation chamber or a light liquid inlet of a final separation chamber, d, a heavy liquid inlet of the final separation chamber, a heavy liquid outlet of the primary separation chamber or an inlet of the condensation chamber, e, a light liquid outlet of the final separation chamber, f, a light liquid centripetal pump inlet, g, a light liquid centripetal pump outlet, an inlet of an upper layer of a dome or an outlet of an upper layer of the dome, h-a heavy liquid turn, k, a light liquid outlet, m, a heavy liquid centripetal pump inlet, n, a heavy liquid centripetal pump outlet or an inlet of a lower layer of the dome, O, an outlet of a lower layer of the dome, p, and an outlet of the heavy liquid.

In FIG. 6, A, impeller hub of the primary and final separation chambers, B, blades, C, and steel strip are wound.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

fig. 1 shows a centripetal condensation type separator with a vertical dome structure, which mainly comprises an upper bearing box seat 4, a dome collecting sealing cover 6, a mechanical seal 7, a sealing cover 8, a bearing 9, a rotary drum upper cover 11, a heavy liquid centripetal pump 12, a light liquid centripetal pump 15, a rotary drum 16, a primary separation chamber centrifugal impeller blade 22, a primary separation chamber impeller hub 23, a final separation chamber centrifugal impeller blade 17, a final separation chamber impeller hub 18, a machine shell 19, a central main shaft 37, a condensation chamber inner cylinder wall 20, a condensation chamber winding drum 21, a rotary drum lower cover 24, a lower bearing seat 27, a lower bearing 28, a stuffing box lower end cover 31, a gland 33 and the like.

As shown in figure 1, the machine is of a vertical structure, a shell 19 is a static fixed cylinder and also serves as a main framework of the separator to support the whole machine, a rotary drum 16 rotating at a high speed is arranged in the machine, a mandrel which synchronously rotates with the rotary drum 16, namely a central main shaft 37, is arranged in the middle of the rotary drum, is hollow, separated materials enter from a top cover at the upper end through a feeding pipe 5 and the hollow shaft and fall to the bottom of an inner cavity of the rotary drum, and the rotary drum 16 comprises three parts, namely a primary separation chamber, a condensation chamber and a final separation chamber. The primary separation chamber is arranged at the lower part and comprises a primary separation chamber centrifugal impeller blade 22 and a primary separation chamber impeller hub 23, the final separation chamber is arranged at the upper part and consists of a final separation chamber centrifugal impeller blade 17 and a final separation chamber impeller hub 18, the primary separation chamber and the final separation chamber are basically the same in structure, the core component separation impeller is formed by thin plates which are symmetrical to a central shaft and are arranged into a radial shape according to a certain angle, the blades of the impeller are fixed in an impeller slot, and in order to prevent the blades from loosening caused by centrifugal force generated in the high-speed rotation process, a steel belt with a certain width needs to be wound on the surface of the impeller, so that the blades are more firmly fixed in the slot. A condensation chamber is arranged between the primary separating chamber and the final separating chamber, the core part of the condensation chamber is a condenser which consists of a condensation chamber inner cylinder wall 20 and a condensation chamber winding drum 21. The material enters the condensation chamber after being roughly separated by the primary separation chamber. The coagulator in the coagulation chamber is a core part of the separator, is matched with the central main shaft 37 and is in key connection with the central main shaft, the structure of a coagulation chamber winding drum 21 in the coagulator is a superposed rotary drum which is formed by winding tens to hundreds of layers of thin steel plates in a spiral winding shape, each layer of the steel plate winding drum is provided with small holes at fixed intervals so as to facilitate oil and water to pass through coagulation during separation, the gaps between the layers are small but uniform, and the metal plates are used for spacing and ensuring that liquid and the rotary drum synchronously rotate. The distance bars are arranged in the up-and-down downstream direction, the cylinder rotates at high speed, and oil and water with different densities and qualities enter the condensation chamber, and a large part of oil and water in different drums moves upwards while being further separated. In order to further secure a certain gap between the plates, when the stock solution passes through the gap between the thin coagulation plates, the fine oil droplets which have not been separated in the preliminary separation chamber and dispersed in water before the stock solution floats in the direction of the center of the rotation shaft. The floating oil drops and the stock solution flow in the same direction and in parallel. The oil drops flow along the direction of the combination of the floating speed and the flow speed of the stock solution, and the small oil drops between the laminas are concentrated towards the axial center side of the gap of the agglutinating plate and are agglutinated to form larger oil drops. Furthermore, the oil is often present in lamellar state. The board is punched into convex holes with fixed interval of 80-100 mm, diameter of 2-3 mm and height of 0.7 mm, and the number of layers of the overlapped winding drums is 30-180.

The top of the vertical dome structure centripetal condensation type separator machine is a dome structure, a dome collecting sealing cover 6 is connected, the interior of the collecting sealing cover 6 is divided into an upper layer chamber and a lower layer chamber, light liquid and heavy liquid are respectively conveyed through the upper layer chamber and the lower layer chamber, the two layers of chambers are not communicated, liquid discharge ports of the chambers are respectively arranged, namely the upper layer chamber is connected with a light liquid collecting port 1, the lower layer chamber is connected with a heavy liquid collecting port 10, a liquid blocking cover is arranged at the top of the dome sealing cover, a light liquid centripetal pump 15 and a heavy liquid centripetal pump 12 are respectively a light liquid centripetal pump and a heavy liquid centripetal pump, the light liquid centripetal pump and the heavy liquid centripetal pump respectively play a role in lifting the upward lift of the light liquid and the heavy liquid, the light liquid and the heavy liquid are respectively fixed along with a machine shell and the like in the machine, and a rotary drum does not rotate along with various internal parts 16, a central main shaft 37 and separated materials. The materials to be separated are started by a high-speed rotating belt and are brought into a light liquid suction centrifugal pump 15 and a heavy liquid centrifugal pump 12, so that light liquid and heavy liquid are separated.

The light liquid centripetal pump 15 operates by its suction inlet in a pump chamber formed by a final separation chamber impeller hub 18 and a light liquid guide cover plate 14; the heavy liquid centrifugal pump 12 operates by its suction port in a pump chamber formed by a drum top cover 11 and a heavy liquid guide cover plate 13. The upper bearing box seat 4 is specially arranged for facilitating bearing replacement, the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing seat are respectively compressed and positioned by compression nuts after the bearing is arranged in the bearing seat, and a countersunk hexagon socket head cap bolt is adopted for compressing the upper bearing box seat 4 in order to avoid the contact of the flip-type dome collecting sealing cover 6. In addition, the drum upper cover 11, the heavy liquid guide cover plate 13, the drum 16 and other three parts together form a hard support of the inner ring of the bearing 9 of the machine, and a mechanical seal is used here in order to prevent the lifted heavy liquid from being sucked into the heavy liquid centripetal pump 12 and leaking out of the upper part, but the use of the mechanical seal is not similar to that of other places, because the pump body of the heavy liquid centripetal pump 12 of the machine is a static part, the part which is usually a seal moving ring and is contacted with the pump body is changed into a seal static ring, a spring for pressing the seal static ring is also included, and the seal ring and the O-shaped ring which are usually positioned at the position of the static ring are pressed by the drum upper cover 11, so the seal ring can be called as a seal moving ring.

The light liquid and the heavy liquid are integrally processed and installed to the outlet pipeline and the feeding pipeline of the centripetal pump, so that the stability of the structure is guaranteed. In the machine, a liquid blocking cover is arranged at the top of a rotary drum and is arranged at the upper part of an impeller of a final separation chamber.

The centrifugal pump adopts a structure form of a centrifugal pump, the height of light liquid and heavy liquid from the bottom of the separator to the top is increased through the lift of the centrifugal pump, the structure of the rotary drum can be more compact, a single-mounted infusion pump device in the middle is omitted, and partial energy can be recycled; but also the production site becomes clean; but also can meet the requirements of special separation processes that the separated liquid is not contacted with air, such as adopting a closed and semi-closed structure.

The name centripetal pump is in fact a name given in relation to a centrifugal pump, the greatest difference being that the pump wheel is fixed to the machine body indirectly without rotation, and the pump chamber rotates. In a centrifugal separator, liquid is accelerated in a rotating drum, synchronously rotated in a pump chamber, and rotated in a pump wheel flow passage of a centrifugal pump, and the centrifugal separator has the characteristics of small flow and high lift. The application of centripetal pump technology in centrifugal separators has its own unique advantages and plays a great role as it were. The centripetal pump adopts a blade tube type impeller which is a three-dimensional impeller. When the pump shaft drives the blade tube type impeller to rotate at a high speed, water flow enters the blade tube from the position of the maximum radius of the impeller and moves centripetally at a high speed along the blade tube, and the water flow obtains kinetic energy from the rotation of the pump shaft and is lifted in the vertical direction, which is the working principle of the centripetal pump.

The centripetal pump is specially used for conveying liquid, and can output light liquid or heavy liquid, or both the light liquid and the heavy liquid are output by the centripetal pump. Therefore, the centrifugal pump structure is an important component of the whole centrifugal separator. Whether the centrifugal pump is reasonable in structural design is the key for normal operation and use of the centrifugal separator.

The centrifugal pump is provided with an impeller which is fixed on the shell and does not move, the outer edge of the impeller is immersed in a separation liquid layer which rotates synchronously with the rotary drum, and the separation liquid enters the arc-shaped flow passage from the outer edge of the impeller and flows to the central liquid discharge pipe of the impeller to be discharged. The impeller converts the kinetic energy of the rotating liquid into static pressure, and reduces the pressure loss. The machine has a light liquid centripetal pump and a heavy liquid centripetal pump for discharging separated oil and water respectively.

The bearing lubrication of the machine can adopt oil lubrication or grease lubrication, and the grease lubrication is simple and convenient to implement and only needs to be injected. The oil lubrication effect is better, and the centrifugal machine with high rotating speed can also take away part of heat while lubricating, thereby playing a cooling role. Because the testing machine has higher rotating speed, the bearing is lubricated circularly. The lubricating oil tank is closed, and the lubricating oil return pipeline is provided with air holes, so that return oil can effectively return to the oil tank. In order to prevent the temperature of the lubricating oil from being too high, a cooler is arranged on the oil tank to reduce the temperature of the lubricating oil.

FIG. 2 is the working principle and flow chart of a vertical dome structure centripetal condensation type separator. The figure describes that the path taken by light liquid in the separation process of the machine is as follows: a-b-c-e-f-g-k; the path taken by heavy liquid is as follows: a-b-c-d-h-m-n-o-p.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an upper dome structure and a centripetal pump of a vertical dome structure centripetal condensation type separator. The figure enlarges the upper part of the machine and depicts the communication channel of the light liquid centripetal pump with the uppermost layer of the dome and its light liquid outlet, and also the communication channel of the heavy liquid centripetal pump with the layer below the dome and its final outlet for the heavy liquid.

FIG. 4 is a front view of the structure of the separation impeller in the initial and final separation chambers, from which the impeller hub, blades, and wound steel strips can be seen.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of the structure of the separation impeller in the initial and final separation chambers, and the impeller hub, the blades, and the wound steel strip in the initial and final separation chambers can be seen from the other side.

FIG. 6 is a side view of the structure of the separation impeller in the initial and final separation chambers, wherein A is the impeller hub of the initial and final separation chambers, B is the blade, and C is the wound steel strip.

FIG. 7 is a front view of the structure of the agglomerator of the present machine, which is made by winding a thin steel plate with spacers between the layers.

FIG. 8 is a top view of the coalescer made of a thin steel plate wound with spacers between the layers.

Claims (2)

1. A vertical dome structure centripetal condensation type separator is characterized in that: the device comprises an upper bearing box seat (4), a dome collecting sealing cover (6), a mechanical seal (7), a sealing cover (8), a bearing (9), a rotary drum upper cover (11), a heavy liquid centripetal pump (12), a light liquid centripetal pump (15), a rotary drum (16), a primary separation chamber centrifugal impeller (22), a primary separation chamber impeller hub (23), a final separation chamber centrifugal impeller (17), a final separation chamber impeller hub (18), a machine shell (19), a central main shaft (37), a coagulation chamber inner cylinder wall (20), a coagulation chamber winding drum (21), a rotary drum lower cover (24), a lower bearing seat (27), a lower bearing (28), a packing box lower end cover (31) and a gland

(33) (ii) a The separator adopts a vertical structure, the top of the separator is of a dome flip structure, the left side of the separator is provided with a hinge, the right side of the separator is provided with a screwing bolt, the interior of the dome collecting seal cover (6) is divided into an upper layer cavity and a lower layer cavity, the upper layer cavity and the lower layer cavity are respectively used for carrying light liquid and heavy liquid, the two layers of cavities are not communicated with each other, the upper layer cavity is connected with a light liquid collecting port (1), the lower layer cavity is connected with a heavy liquid collecting port (10), and a thin plate liquid blocking cover is arranged below the top of the dome seal cover; the machine shell (19) is a static fixed cylinder, a light liquid centripetal pump (15) and a heavy liquid centripetal pump (12) are arranged in the upper end of the machine shell, the light liquid centripetal pump (15) and the heavy liquid centripetal pump (12) are static and immovable in the machine like the machine shell and do not rotate along with the rotary drum (16), the central spindle (37), various internal parts in the middle and the materials to be separated; materials to be separated are sucked into a light liquid centripetal pump (15) and a heavy liquid centripetal pump (12) under the driving of high-speed rotation, and the light liquid centripetal pump (15) is structurally characterized in that a pump chamber formed by an impeller hub (18) and a light liquid guide cover plate (14) in a final separation chamber is taken as a main body; the main body of the heavy liquid centripetal pump (12) is a pump chamber formed by a rotary drum upper cover (11) and a heavy liquid guide cover plate (13), and the light liquid centripetal pump and the heavy liquid centripetal pump continuously suck the light liquid and the heavy liquid through respective suction ports so as to separate the light liquid from the heavy liquid; in addition, the outside of the heavy liquid centripetal pump (12) and the upper cover (11) of the rotary drum adopt a mechanical seal (7), the pump body of the heavy liquid centripetal pump (12) is a static part, a static seal ring is contacted with the static seal ring, the static seal ring also comprises a spring for pressing the static seal ring, and a seal ring and an O-shaped ring which are positioned at the position of the static seal ring are pressed by the upper cover (11) of the rotary drum, so the seal ring is called as a dynamic seal ring; a rotary drum (16) rotating at high speed is arranged in a static casing (19), and the rotary drum part consists of a central main shaft (37), the rotary drum (16), a rotary drum upper cover (11), a heavy liquid centrifugal pump (12), a heavy liquid guide cover plate (13), a light liquid guide cover plate (14), a final separation chamber centrifugal impeller (17), a final separation chamber impeller hub (18), a condensation chamber inner cylinder wall (20), a condensation chamber winding drum (21), a primary separation chamber centrifugal impeller (22) and a primary separation chamber impeller hub (17)

(23) And a lower cover (24) of the rotary drum; the body of the rotary drum (16) is divided into a primary separation chamber, a coagulation chamber and a final separation chamber, the primary separation chamber in the lower part comprises a primary separation chamber centrifugal impeller (22) and a primary separation chamber impeller hub (23), the final separation chamber in the upper part of the rotary drum (16) comprises a final separation chamber centrifugal impeller (17) and a final separation chamber impeller hub (18), the primary and final separation chambers are of the same construction, wherein the core component separation impeller is formed by respectively arranging a circle of slots on an impeller hub (18) of a final separation chamber and an impeller hub (23) of a primary separation chamber, a centrifugal impeller (17) of the final separation chamber and a centrifugal impeller (22) of the primary separation chamber are both formed by thin plates which are symmetrical to a central shaft and are arranged in a radial manner according to a set angle, blades of the impellers are fixed in the impeller slots, winding a steel belt with a set width on the outer surface of the impeller, and fastening the blades in the slots; a condensation chamber is arranged between the primary separation chamber and the final separation chamber, the core part of the condensation chamber is a condenser, the condenser comprises a condensation chamber inner cylinder wall (20) and a condensation chamber winding drum (21), the condensation chamber winding drum (21) in the condenser is an overlapped rotating drum which is spirally wound by a thin steel plate, and the number of overlapped layers of the winding drum is 30-180; convex holes with the full diameter of 2-3 mm and the height of 0.7 mm are arranged on each layer of the winding drum at intervals of 80-100 mm; the interval between the laminates is small but uniform, the distance between the laminates is fixed, and the liquid and the rotary drum are ensured to synchronously rotate at intervals by using metal laths; the distance bars are arranged along the up-down concurrent flow direction, and the cylinder rotates at high speed; the impeller hub (23) of the initial separation chamber, the impeller hub (18) of the final separation chamber, the inner cylinder wall (20) of the condensation chamber and the central main shaft (37) are connected through keys; in addition, bearing boxes which are convenient for replacing bearings are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end, wherein an upper bearing box seat (4) is adopted, after the bearings are arranged, the inner ring and the outer ring of each bearing are respectively compressed and limited by a compression nut, and a countersunk hexagon socket head bolt is adopted for compressing the upper bearing box seat (4) in order to avoid the contact of a flip-type dome collecting sealing cover (6); in addition, a rotary drum upper cover (11), a heavy liquid guide cover plate (13) and a rotary drum (16) form a hard support of an inner ring of the bearing (9); the lower bearing seat (27) is internally provided with a lower bearing (28), the inner ring of the lower bearing (28) is pressed by a round nut pressing cap (30) to press a stop gasket (29), and the outer ring of the bearing is directly pressed by a lower end cover (31) of a stuffing box.

2. A method of separating a vertical dome structure centripetal condensation type separator according to claim 1, wherein:

the separation method adopts a mode of feeding from the top end downwards and then returning to the upper part for discharging, the specific flow and the separation process are that feeding is carried out from a feeding pipe at the top end, materials pass through an inner hole of a hollow shaft downwards, when reaching the bottom of the shaft, a great flow rate is obtained, the pressure is enhanced, the inner space of the whole rotary drum (16) is divided into a primary separation chamber, a condensation chamber and a final separation chamber, then the materials firstly enter the primary separation chamber under the lifting action of the pressure and the centrifugal pump lift, separation is carried out in an impeller in the primary separation chamber, a centrifugal impeller (22) and an impeller hub (23) of the primary separation chamber rotate at high speed along with the rotary drum (16) and a central spindle (37), at the moment, under the action of centrifugal force, the materials simultaneously carry out three motions of axial direction, radial direction and annular direction, light liquid is gathered to the central shaft, and the heavy liquid is thrown to one side of the wall of the rotary drum; the heavy liquid part after the initial separation enters a coagulator along the wall of a rotary drum, the heavy liquid part is coagulated in the coagulator, a plurality of small holes are arranged on the surface of a winding drum of the coagulator formed by winding and coiling a thin steel plate, the light liquid further separated flows inwards layer by layer and upwards simultaneously through the small holes, and the light liquid after the initial separation flows to a final separation chamber through the gap of a sleeve in the coagulator; the light liquid and the heavy liquid finally enter a final separation chamber after passing through a coagulator, fine separation is completed in an impeller of the final separation chamber, the separated light liquid and the separated heavy liquid respectively reach inlets of light liquid centrifugal pumps and heavy liquid centrifugal pumps, are sucked and move to a dome double-layer buckling cover position on the top, the light liquid centrifugal pumps, namely inner sleeves, of the light liquid centrifugal pumps are connected with the uppermost layer of a dome, and the heavy liquid centrifugal pumps are connected with the lower layer of the dome double layer; for oil and water materials, the separation process is divided into three stages:

a coarse separation stage: oil and water materials enter a primary separation chamber in the rotary body, and because the direction of the centrifugal force is from the center of the rotary shaft to the outer side of the rotary drum (16), set gaps are reserved among blades arranged according to a set angle, and when stock solution flows through the gaps, oil drops contained in the stock solution float due to density difference between the oil drops and water;

and (3) an agglutination stage: the materials enter a condensation chamber after being separated by a primary separation chamber, the primarily separated oil enters an inlet of the condensation chamber through a light liquid outlet, the primarily separated water flows from a heavy liquid outlet of the primary separation chamber and an inlet of the condensation chamber and then flows out from a heavy liquid inlet of a final separation chamber, and when the stock solution passes through a small gap in the condensation chamber, small oil drops which are not separated in the front and are dispersed in the water continuously move towards the center direction of a rotating shaft and float upwards; the floating oil drops flow in the same direction as the stock solution, namely, flow downstream, and the water and the oil flow in the same direction;

a fine separation stage: the two phases and part of the mixed liquid passing through the agglutination chamber enter a final separation chamber, the structure of the final separation chamber is completely the same as that of the initial separation chamber, and the size and the length can be changed or different according to the requirement; the oil droplets are coagulated and coarsely granulated in the coagulation chamber and are easily separated in the final separation chamber;

the separation method comprises the following steps: a-b-c-e-f-g-k,

the separation method comprises the following paths of heavy liquid: a-b-c-d-h-m-n-o-p,

wherein: a. the device comprises a feeding pipe, a b, a liquid flow inlet of a primary separation chamber, a c, a light liquid outlet of the primary separation chamber, a condensation chamber inlet, a light liquid outlet of the condensation chamber or a light liquid inlet of a final separation chamber, a d, a heavy liquid inlet of the final separation chamber, a heavy liquid outlet of the primary separation chamber or a condensation chamber inlet, a e, a light liquid outlet of the final separation chamber, a f, light liquid centripetal pump inlet, a g, light liquid centripetal pump outlet, a dome upper layer inlet or a dome upper layer outlet, an h-heavy liquid bend, a k, light liquid outlet, an m, heavy liquid centripetal pump inlet, an n, heavy liquid centripetal pump outlet or a dome lower layer inlet, an o, dome lower layer outlet, and a p, heavy liquid outlet.

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