CN106900462A - A kind of method for configuring efficient pollinizers linking pollination apple single variety building well - Google Patents
A kind of method for configuring efficient pollinizers linking pollination apple single variety building well Download PDFInfo
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- CN106900462A CN106900462A CN201710130076.XA CN201710130076A CN106900462A CN 106900462 A CN106900462 A CN 106900462A CN 201710130076 A CN201710130076 A CN 201710130076A CN 106900462 A CN106900462 A CN 106900462A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
It is to select a productivity apple variety as orchard main breed building well the present invention relates to a kind of method for configuring efficient pollinizers linking pollination apple single variety building well, coordinates efficient pollinizers to be transplanted；The quantity of efficient pollinizers is configured for orchard unit area needs the 10% of plant apple tree main breed total quantity, and is planted with the main breed same period；According to the actual conditions that orchard is transplanted, efficient pollinizers are planted using four kinds of configuration modes；The present invention is substantially improved through fruit yield and quality after the pollen pollination of efficient pollinizers, improves the economic worth of fruit；Efficient pollinizers have high ornamental value, can be viewed and admired as ornamental trees and shrubs after adult, improve added value of product.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for configuring efficient pollinizers linking pollination apple single variety building well, belong to agriculture kind
Planting technology field.
Background technology
Apple is that China first cultivates apple trees greatly, and pollination is related to the yield and quality of a year, is and industrial benefit life and death
The cardinal task for concerning.Apple is cross-pollination fruit tree, and self-flowering fruiting rate is low (Fuji's self-pollination rate is only 3%), in production
Ensure fruit-setting rate frequently with multiple cultivar companion planting building wells, but this pattern there are problems that a lot, and for example orchard is daily
Pruning, clay fertilizer water, plant disease management, ripe harvesting etc., it is widely different due to the difference of kind, aimed management is such as unable to, pollinate
Effect is unreliable, and Classification Management then considerably increases the expense of orchard production.And generally deposited in the Apple Culture production of China
In orchard the problems such as pollinated variety selection improper, pollinizers unreasonable allocation, because Pollination Fertilization is bad, fruit product is had a strong impact on
Amount, the lifting of quality.
The content of the invention
To overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides the efficient pollinizers linking pollination single product of apple of one kind configuration
The method for planting building well；It is a kind of artificial input of simple and easy to apply, reduction, increases economic worth, improves matching somebody with somebody for orchard yield and quality
Put efficient pollinizers, linking pollination, apple single variety garden building method.
A kind of method for configuring efficient pollinizers linking pollination apple single variety building well, step is as follows：
1st, efficient pollinizers are selected：
Purpose is cultivated according to orchard, one productivity apple variety of selection coordinates efficient as orchard main breed building well
Pollinizers are transplanted；The efficient pollinizers be kind power number for 20150043 ' red alizarin Malus spectabilis ', kind power number be
20150044 ' red bright and beautiful Malus spectabilis ', kind power number for 20150053 ' red water chestnut Malus spectabilis ' or kind power number for 20150054 ' red mist
Malus spectabilis ' Apple Pollination tree；
2nd, it is connected using efficient pollinizers and is pollinated：
The florescence of efficient pollinizers is general slightly before productivity apple variety, according to the florescence of main breed, selects and it
The efficient pollinizers that the part florescence overlaps carry out florescence linking configuration plantation；The quantity for configuring efficient pollinizers is orchard unit plane
Product needs the 10% of plant apple tree main breed total quantity, and is planted with the main breed same period；Guarantee both meets main breed
Pollination needs, and reduces again and bears fruit, and exempts later stage fruit thinning recruitment.
3rd, using following four kinds of configuration modes configuration efficient pollinizers of plantation：
One is florescence mixed configuration：Because efficient pollinizers powder outlet quantity is big, the scattered florescence is long, and the florescence is in extensive range, does not suit
The efficient pollinizers mixing plant of phase, can increase the pollination probability in the main breed florescence.Therefore select ' red alizarin Malus spectabilis ', ' red
Bright and beautiful Malus spectabilis ' based on match somebody with somebody pollinizers, with the florescence, ' the red water chestnut Malus spectabilis ' in early ' red mist Malus spectabilis ' or evening at florescence is main as time pollinizers are matched somebody with somebody
It is 4 with pollinizers and secondary pollinizers plant quantitative proportion of matching somebody with somebody：1, mix plant with the main breed same period.To ensure that main breed exists
The pollen that suitable pollination period has abundance is supplied.
Two is the hungry configuration of quantity：Because the flour extraction of efficient pollinizers is high, pollination ability is strong；By early stage Pollination Effect
After checking, if fruit-setting rate still should have yield higher than of the right age fruit tree, can year by year the cultivation of efficient pollinizers and main breed
The ratio of kind is by 1：10 are reduced to 1:15, control quantity of bearing fruit by reducing efficient pollinizers quantity.
Three is to tighten spacing in the rows configuration, according to different spacing in the rows in each apple cultivation row, every 4-8 plants of main breed plant one
Plant height imitates pollinizers；The appropriate spacing in the rows reduced between pollinizers and main breed, as tightens spacing in the rows formula configuration mode, Ke Yizeng
Plus unit area main breed quantity, it is to avoid reduced because the configuration of efficient pollinizers causes yield per unit area.
Four is idly additional configurations：In orchard, surrounding idly, plants efficient pollinizers, improves pollination ratio, together
When can as protecting wall, improve sight, cultivate greening material, further improve the orchard later stage ornamental tree species using effect
Benefit.
According to the actual conditions that orchard is transplanted, four kinds of configuration modes of the above can adopt simultaneously or associativity is used.Such as orchard
Periphery is no idly then can such as to worry that fruit-setting rate can not fully meet economic expection, then may be used without idly additional configurations
Configured with without quantity is hungry.
4th, efficient pollinizers after plant are further strengthened management：
Efficient pollinizers had not only met the requirement of pollinizers but also be excellent green tree species, so its administrative skill is different from tradition
Fruit tree：
One is simple tree-like pruning：The principle of efficient pollinizers trimming and finishing is dry high, narrow, the tree-like rounding of hat.Build
During garden, from the efficient pollinizers nursery stock of big specification, the high level cadre that selects and remain (80-100cm) slightly prunes off, stays branch more, appropriate cutting back,
Enhancing tree body growing way, promotes early stage branch quantity to increase and grow, and makes the crown size of trees no more than main breed of efficient pollinizers,
Avoid being won honour for gesture with main breed.Tree crown rounding being kept as far as possible, increasing its ornamental value, raising will be used as viewing and admiring tree sale
Value.
Two is to spend rear complex shears, and due to efficient pollinizers, fruit-setting rate is too high in itself, a large amount of fruits of generation of can do by myself, sometimes even
Disconnected limb can be fallen, Second Year flower amount is influenceed.By efficient pollinizers fruitful branch cutting back 1/2 in Post flowering one month, major part is cut off
Young fruit, inspires branch, saves trunk infusion, it is ensured that coming year flower amount.
Three is transplanting in good time, and efficient pollinizers increase with the age of tree, and the scale of construction increases, flower amount increases, while ornamental value meeting
Improve year by year, under conditions of pollination is met, plant can suitably reduce the efficient pollinizers ratio in orchard year by year after 5 years,
Transplanted, sold, but efficiently pollinizers are not lower than 1 with main breed quantitative proportion：15；Keep tree-like during transplanting, to the greatest extent may be used
Can root band ball transplanting.Prune the major branch (quantity is no more than its major branch number 1/3) of efficient pollinizers off in right amount, never serious cutting back
And weaken tree vigo(u)r.
Other management are carried out according to main breed management needs.
Remarkable advantage of the invention is：
1. efficient pollinizers linking pollination utilizes single apple variety building well, reduces the difficulty of orchard daily management, drops
The low expense of orchard management；
2. the workload of artificial flower thinning is saved, and artificial input is reduced in time and labour saving；
3. fruit yield and quality after being pollinated through the pollen of efficient pollinizers are substantially improved, and improve the warp of fruit
Ji value；
4. efficient pollinizers have high ornamental value, can be viewed and admired as ornamental trees and shrubs after adult, improve
Added value of product.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is to tighten spacing in the rows configuration schematic diagram
Specific embodiment
In order that content of the present invention easily facilitates understanding, with reference to specific embodiment to of the present invention
Technical scheme is described further, but the present invention is not limited only to this.
The following is specific embodiment of the invention, the present invention is further illustrated.
Efficient pollinizers of the present invention are ' red alizarin Malus spectabilis ', ' the red brocade for obtaining State Administration of Forestry's new varieties power for 2015
Malus spectabilis ', ' red water chestnut Malus spectabilis ' or ' red mist Malus spectabilis ' (grant number be respectively 20150043,20150044,20150053 or
20150054) Apple Pollination tree.These efficient pollinizers growth potentials are prosperous, resistance, and easily into flower, flower amount is very big, pollen yield
Height, Pollen Activity is strong, can fully meet Apple Pollination needs.They have sight higher simultaneously, and pattern is gorgeous, tree-like
Dignity, leaf color is magnificent, flowers and fruits and sees, into age after there is high market value as viewing and admiring tree, be the high-grade high-quality scape afforested
See material.More rare, after efficient pollinizers pollination, fruit quality improves, and increases sugared deacidification, increases vitamin content, is
Further improve the important technical of apple quality.Pollen Activity is high, and ornamental value is high, and nutritional quality is high, " three high " characteristic
It is the first-selected combination for realizing apple single variety building well as the good characteristic that efficient pollinizers protrude.
Embodiment 1
Spring in 2013, apple variety ' Fuji ' is selected to plant apple as orchardist in Shandong Agricultural University south school district experiment garden
Kind, using M26 intermediate stocks nursery stock (being purchased from Laizhou the Nature gardening company), along the North and South direction in orchard, according to 2 meters × 4
The seeding row spacing determinant plant of rice.Selection full-bloom stage is ' red mist Malus spectabilis ' or ' red with what the period in full bloom of disc flower in " Fuji " was mutually connected
Alizarin Malus spectabilis ' (linking pollination, florescence mixed configuration) used as efficient pollinizers kind；The apolegamy of specific efficiently pollinizers can be according on mountain
Efficiently pollinizers kind determines the difference that eastern Tai'an determines with ' Fuji ', ' loud, high-pitched sound ' the florescence table of comparisons (table 1)；Plantation row in every
6 plants of main breeds are transplanted plant heights effect pollinizers, and the spacing in the rows of efficient pollinizers and both sides ' Fuji ' is adjusted to 1.5 meters and (tightens strains
Away from configuration, positioning is got ready in advance.As shown in Figure 1), the ratio of pollinizers accounts for 10% of main breed or so (quantity starvation is matched somebody with somebody
Put), for orchard high yield provides material base；After the completion of plant by the road in orchard north side and west side, by 4 meters of spacing in the rows free time
The efficient pollinizers in ground additional configurations ' red bright and beautiful Malus spectabilis ' (can as needed select efficient pollinizers kind to transplant).Orchard management according to
The rich water of normal apple Newly built orchard, pest and disease damage are managed, and, according to simple tree-like pruning, ' Fuji ' is according to spinning for efficient pollinizers
Capitate is pruned.
The east side in the experiment plot is transplanted same " Fuji " the kind apple tree of two rows simultaneously, but using ' loud, high-pitched sound ' as awarding
Powder tree；' loud, high-pitched sound ' is set to 1 with the quantitative proportion of ' Fuji ' according to conventional：6, gone this two rows apple tree as control.
Managed with delicacy by 3 years, ' Fuji ' yields positive results within 2015, efficient pollinizers are big from Second Year is cultivated
Amount is yielded positive results, and Second Year is risen using the measure guarantee next year flower amount for spending rear complex shears.According to statistics, experimental field in efficient pollinizers list
' loud, high-pitched sound ' pollination is high by 14% in row yield increased row, and fruit quality is better than control row ' loud, high-pitched sound ' pollination.The contrast of fruit quality
It is shown in Table 2.Clearly, substantially each index is above control to advantage.
The florescence table of comparisons (2015) of the main breed Fuji of table 1 and efficient pollinizers
Note：Painted portion is each kind florescence in table 1.
The Fuji's fruit quality (2016) after Fuji's fruit quality and loud, high-pitched sound pollination after the pollination of the red mist of table 2
The different pollinizers fruit-setting rates of table 3 and yield comparison (2016)
According to the data of table 3, because the efficient pollinizers florescence is connected with the main breed florescence, only partially overlap, so from
Right fruit-setting rate is less than ' loud, high-pitched sound ' Pollination Effect, but single plant yield exceedes ' loud, high-pitched sound ' pollination plant on the contrary, it is sufficient to realize high yield target
(equivalent 1956kg/ mus of per mu yield, life in 4 years), than control row volume increase 14%.Flower thinning recruitment 60% is saved simultaneously, greatlys save life
Produce cost.Especially in recent years there is anthrax leaf blight in ' loud, high-pitched sound ' large area, to prevent this disease from occurring, it has to prevented,
The medicine cost and cost of labor of 3 pesticide sprayings are paid for this, therefore ' loud, high-pitched sound ' than is efficiently awarded in individual plant management cost
Powder tree will pay 15 yuan more.Therefore in terms of the cost-saving synergistic two for, efficient pollinizers all have a clear superiority.
Claims (2)
1. it is a kind of to configure the method that efficient pollinizers are connected pollination apple single variety building well, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
1) efficiently pollinizers are selected：
Purpose is cultivated according to orchard, one productivity apple variety of selection coordinates efficiently pollination as orchard main breed building well
Tree is transplanted；
2) it is connected pollination using efficient pollinizers：
The florescence of efficient pollinizers is general slightly before productivity apple variety, according to the florescence of main breed, selects and its part
The efficient pollinizers that florescence overlaps carry out florescence linking configuration plantation；The quantity of efficient pollinizers is configured for orchard unit area is needed
Transplant the 10% of apple tree main breed total quantity, and planted with the main breed same period；Guarantee had both met main breed pollination
Need, reduce again and bear fruit, exempt later stage fruit thinning recruitment；
3) using following four kinds of configuration modes configuration efficient pollinizers of plantation：
One is florescence mixed configuration：Because efficient pollinizers powder outlet quantity is big, the scattered florescence is long, and the florescence is in extensive range, different female bloom dates
Efficient pollinizers mixing plant, to increase the pollination probability in the main breed florescence；It is from ' red alizarin Malus spectabilis ', ' red bright and beautiful Malus spectabilis '
Main to match somebody with somebody pollinizers, with the florescence, pollinizers are matched somebody with somebody in ' the red water chestnut Malus spectabilis ' conduct time in early ' red mist Malus spectabilis ' or evening at florescence, main to match somebody with somebody pollinizers
With it is secondary with pollinizers plant quantitative proportion be 4：1, mix plant with the main breed same period；To ensure that main breed is suitably being pollinated
The pollen that there is abundance phase is supplied；
Two is the hungry configuration of quantity：Because the flour extraction of efficient pollinizers is high, pollination ability is strong；Verified by early stage Pollination Effect
Afterwards, if fruit-setting rate still should have yield higher than of the right age fruit tree, year by year the plantation ratio of efficient pollinizers and main breed by
1：10 are reduced to 1:15, control quantity of bearing fruit by reducing efficient pollinizers quantity；
Three is to tighten spacing in the rows configuration, according to different spacing in the rows in each apple cultivation row, every 4-8 plants of main breed one plant height of plant
Effect pollinizers；The appropriate spacing in the rows reduced between pollinizers and main breed, as tightens spacing in the rows formula configuration mode, increases unit plane
Product main breed quantity, it is to avoid reduced because the configuration of efficient pollinizers causes yield per unit area；
Four is idly additional configurations：In orchard, surrounding idly, plants efficient pollinizers, pollination ratio is improved, while energy
As protecting wall, sight is improved, cultivate greening material, further improve the ornamental tree species utilization benefit in orchard later stage；
According to the actual conditions that orchard is transplanted, four kinds of configuration modes of the above can adopt simultaneously or associativity is used；Such as orchard periphery
It is no idly then such as to worry that fruit-setting rate can not fully meet economic expection, then may not be used without idly additional configurations
Configured with quantity is hungry；
4) efficient pollinizers after plant are further strengthened management：
One is simple tree-like pruning：The principle of efficient pollinizers trimming and finishing is dry high, narrow, the tree-like rounding of hat；During building well,
Select and remain high level cadre 80-100cm to efficient pollinizers nursery stock, slightly prunes off, stays branch, appropriate cutting back to strengthen tree body growing way, promote more
Early stage branch quantity increases and grows, and makes the crown size of trees no more than main breed of efficient pollinizers, it is to avoid and main breed is striven
Light strives gesture；Tree crown rounding being kept as far as possible, increasing its ornamental value, raising will be used as viewing and admiring the value that tree is sold；
Two is to spend rear complex shears, and due to efficient pollinizers, fruit-setting rate is too high in itself, a large amount of fruits of generation of can do by myself, and can even be fallen sometimes
Disconnected limb, influences Second Year flower amount；By efficient pollinizers fruitful branch cutting back 1/2 in Post flowering one month, most of young fruit is cut off,
Branch is inspired, trunk infusion is saved, it is ensured that coming year flower amount；
Three is transplanting in good time, and efficient pollinizers increase with the age of tree, and the scale of construction increases, flower amount increases, while ornamental value can be year by year
Improve, under conditions of pollination is met, plant can suitably reduce the efficient pollinizers ratio in orchard year by year after 5 years, carry out
Transplanting, but efficiently pollinizers are not lower than 1 with main breed quantitative proportion：15；Keep tree-like during transplanting, as far as possible root band soil
Ball is transplanted；Prune the major branch of efficient pollinizers off in right amount, quantity is no more than its major branch number 1/3, never serious cutting back and weaken tree vigo(u)r；
Other management are carried out according to main breed management needs.
2. the method that a kind of efficient pollinizers of configuration as claimed in claim 1 are connected pollination apple single variety building well, it is special
Levy be the efficient pollinizers for kind power number for 20150043 ' red alizarin Malus spectabilis ', kind power number for 20150044 it is ' red
Bright and beautiful Malus spectabilis ', kind power number for 20150053 ' red water chestnut Malus spectabilis ' or kind power number for 20150054 ' red mist Malus spectabilis ' apple tree.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108432631A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-08-24 | 山东省果树研究所 | A method of improving Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment fruit aroma |
| CN108781980A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-13 | 冯海明 | A method of promoting apple tree fruit setting |
| CN110268974A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-09-24 | 山东省果树研究所 | The pollination technique scheme of one apricot cultivars |
-
2017
- 2017-03-07 CN CN201710130076.XA patent/CN106900462B/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 王贵平等: "苹果省力化栽培技术", 《落叶果树》 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108432631A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-08-24 | 山东省果树研究所 | A method of improving Apple with Fruit-bagged Treatment fruit aroma |
| CN108432631B (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2021-08-06 | 山东省果树研究所 | Method for improving fragrance of bagged apple fruits |
| CN108781980A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-13 | 冯海明 | A method of promoting apple tree fruit setting |
| CN110268974A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-09-24 | 山东省果树研究所 | The pollination technique scheme of one apricot cultivars |
| CN110268974B (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2022-05-10 | 山东省果树研究所 | Pollination method of apricot variety |
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