CN106899388A - Joint-detection and coding/decoding method of the LDPC code under mimo channel - Google Patents
Joint-detection and coding/decoding method of the LDPC code under mimo channel Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
- H04L1/0047—Decoding adapted to other signal detection operation
- H04L1/0048—Decoding adapted to other signal detection operation in conjunction with detection of multiuser or interfering signals, e.g. iteration between CDMA or MIMO detector and FEC decoder
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- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
- H04L25/03891—Spatial equalizers
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Abstract
Joint-detection and coding/decoding method the invention discloses a kind of LDPC code under mimo channel, by construction and mimo channel impulse response matrix structure identical channel equalizer, using linear programming (Linear Programming, LP) method, under the Linear Constraints of parametric equalizer and code word bits stream, to equalizer coefficients optimizing so as to reach the purpose of optimal equalization.Compared with the existing Turbo equalization algorithms based on channel estimation, algorithm proposed by the present invention has been obviously improved systematic function in the case where pilot number is less.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to digital wireless communication technical field, and in particular to a kind of joint inspection of LDPC code under mimo channel
Survey and decoding algorithm.
Background technology
With the high speed development of wireless communication technology, researcher proposes multiple-input and multiple-output (Multiple-Input
Multiple-Output, MIMO) system, it is mainly characterized by using multiple respectively in the transmitting terminal and receiving terminal of communication system
Transmitting antenna and reception antenna.Mimo system can make full use of space resources, and MIMO is realized by multiple antennas, not increase
Plus in the case of frequency spectrum resource and antenna transmission power, power system capacity can be increased exponentially.Under flat fading MIMO channel,
Receive signal to be formed by the Signal averaging from different transmitting antennas, so as to serious intersymbol interference can be produced.In order to effective
Ground overcomes the intersymbol interference of transmitting antenna, is corrected usually using balanced device or compensation system characteristic.
Channel equalizer produces the characteristic opposite with channel, it is therefore an objective to by the total system shock response of channel and balanced device
It is equivalent into a unit impulse response system, so as to eliminate or mitigate intersymbol interference.Whether balancing technique is according to using training sequence
Row (frequency pilot sign) are divided into blind balance method and semi-blind equalization method.Blind equalization need not be carried out using training sequence to channel
Equilibrium, substantially increases the efficiency of transmission of valid data.It mainly use transmission signal prior information such as statistical nature or
The output sequence of probability distribution and channel is adjusted come the parameter to balanced device, so as to reach balanced purpose.But blind equalization is past
It is past to there is phase fuzzy problem, and complexity is also higher.In practice using it is most be semi-blind equalization method, by sending
A small amount of frequency pilot sign, so as to obtain the performance more excellent than blind balance method.
The linear programming method based on optimum theory turns into the study hotspot of the communications field in recent years, and many researchers utilize
This method is studied the basic problem of the communication technology, and achieves a series of achievements., J.Feldman etc. in 2005
People, using linear programming relaxation, to the maximum likelihood (Maximum of LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) code
Likelihood, ML) decoding carry out approximate solution, it is proposed that linear programming (Linear Programming, LP) decoding algorithm.
The plurality of advantages of LP decodings promotes people that more researchs are done to it, and many improved LP decoding algorithms are suggested in succession.Wherein,
Taghavi et al. proposes adaptive line planning (Adaptive Linear Programming, ALP) decoding algorithm.The calculation
Method iteratively adds the even-odd check inequality not being satisfied, and can just be reached and former decoding algorithm with less operative constraint
Identical performance, reduces decoding complexity.2013, Neil et al. propose associated semi-blind based on linear programming it is balanced with
Decoding algorithm, the linear programming model only need to rely on a small amount of frequency pilot sign mainly for ISI channels, just can be by property in a balanced way
Can significantly improve.
The condition of mimo channel is generally relatively more severe, and the presence of channel fading and noise causes that message transmitting procedure becomes not
It is reliable, so that the bit error rate is higher in communication system.In order to be distinguished in receiving terminal and recover different antennae transmitting data, it is existing
Equalization algorithm be required for, in receiving terminal known channel impulse response matrix, so constraining the flexibility of algorithm greatly.Due to number
It is that guarantee information is correctly transmitted as far as possible according to influence of noise is also suffered from transmitting procedure, therefore by the joint under ISI channels
Semi-blind equalization is promoted and be applied in mimo channel with decoding algorithm has important theoretical and practical significance.
The content of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of associated semi-blind equilibrium under flat fading MIMO channel and decoding algorithm, it is not necessary to
In the impulse response of receiving terminal known channel, a small amount of frequency pilot sign is relied only on, just can significantly improve the performance of system.
Under flat fading MIMO channel, signal can produce serious intersymbol interference in receiving terminal.In order in receiving terminal
The data of different antennae transmitting are distinguished and recovered, is corrected usually using balanced device or compensation system characteristic.In mimo system
Under, target is channel and the total system impulse response of balanced device is equivalent to a unit matrix, i.e. I=H in a balanced wayTθ, H
It is channel impulse response matrix, θ is the matrix that parametric equalizer is constituted.
The present invention acts on mimo system by construction and mimo channel impulse response matrix structure identical balanced device
Receiving terminal, so as to be equalized device output sequence.In order to ensure optimal between equalizer output sequence and sending signal
Match somebody with somebody, by all known frequency pilot sign of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal and receiving sequence, data being realized with linear programming method
Detection.For guarantee information is correctly transmitted as far as possible, channel equalization is combined with decoding algorithm, constructed unified cost function,
Under the constraint of frequency pilot sign and binary code word bit stream, optimizing is carried out to parametric equalizer so as to realize optimal equalization.
As described above, the present invention is as follows using technical scheme：
Binary information sequence f obtains code word c by LDPC encoder, then obtains modulation symbol s by modulator；Adjusting
Frequency pilot sign p is added before symbol s processed, sending signal x is carried out data transmission by mimo channel；In the letter that receiving terminal is received
Number y carries out equilibrium treatment and obtains output sequence z by balanced device first, and ldpc decoder enters row decoding, recovers to output sequence z
The binary information sequence that information source sends, wherein equaliser matrix and mimo channel impulse response matrix in the balanced device
Structure is identical.
The target of the equilibrium treatment is mimo channel and the total system impulse response of balanced device is equivalent to a list
Bit matrix, i.e. I=HTθ, H are channel impulse response matrixes, and θ is the equaliser matrix that parametric equalizer is constituted.
By constructing cost function, under the constraint of frequency pilot sign and binary information sequence, make parametric equalizer optimal
And it is identical with the structure of mimo channel impulse response matrix.
The cost function isIpRepresent the subscript collection of frequency pilot sign in sending signal
Close,The auxiliary variable introduced by the constraints that frequency pilot sign is constituted,The valid data of transmission
The auxiliary variable that the constraints that symbol is constituted is introduced.
The linear inequality constraint of the cost function is as follows
The real part and imaginary part of balanced device output correspondence frequency pilot sign are represented respectively,The real part and imaginary part of frequency pilot sign known to receiving terminal are represented respectively.
In order to guarantee information is correctly transmitted as far as possible, when the ldpc decoder is decoded, linear programming decoding constraint is introduced,
It is as follows that the LDPC code word bit stream for then relaxing meets inequality：
0≤f [j]≤1 j=1 ..., L
Wherein, L is the code length of LDPC code,It is r row elements are 1 in LDPC check matrix row indexed set,AndIt is odd number, f [j] is the corresponding variable in LDPC code word bit stream jth position.In order to reduce computation complexity,
During emulation using adaptive line plan decoded mode, which in the way of a kind of self adaptation and iteration useful constraint by
Step is added in former linear programming problem.Under the mimo channel of flat fading, when modulation system is QPSK, decoded using LP
Mathematical Modeling be expressed as：
0≤f[j]≤1
IpRepresent the indexed set of frequency pilot sign in sending signal, IdThe indexed set of data symbol in sending signal,The auxiliary variable introduced by the constraints that frequency pilot sign is constituted,It is the valid data symbol of transmission
Number constitute constraints introduce auxiliary variable,It is the auxiliary variable that addition LP decoding constraints condition is introduced,The real part and imaginary part of balanced device output correspondence frequency pilot sign are represented respectively,
The real part and imaginary part of frequency pilot sign known to receiving terminal are represented respectively,LDPC code word bit is represented respectively
The real part and imaginary part of corresponding modulating symbol are flowed, f [j] is the corresponding variable in LDPC code word bit stream jth position.
Advantageous Effects of the invention are as follows：
Under flat fading channel MIMO, associated semi-blind proposed by the present invention is detected and decoding algorithm, by receiving terminal
Construction and mimo channel matrix structure identical balanced device, using the method for linear programming, realize channel equalization with decoding
Organically combine, significantly improve the performance of system.Secondly, the present invention does not need known channel impulse response matrix in receiving terminal,
Greatly enhance the flexibility of the algorithm；And the algorithm can be just obtained than by channel estimation with a small amount of frequency pilot sign
The more excellent equalization performance of Turbo equalization algorithms.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is model of communication system；
Fig. 2 is that pilot length is that 4, LDPC code code length is 512, and under code check is 1/2, QPSK modulation systems, the present invention is proposed
Algorithm and performance comparison of the Turbo equalization algorithms under flat fading MIMO channel based on channel estimation；
Fig. 3 is that pilot length is that 10, LDPC code code length is 512, and under code check is 1/2, QPSK modulation systems, the present invention is proposed
Algorithm and performance comparison of the Turbo equalization algorithms under flat fading MIMO channel based on channel estimation.
Specific embodiment
Algorithm proposed by the invention is described further below in conjunction with accompanying drawing：
The present invention is mainly associated semi-blind equilibrium and decoding technique under flat fading channel, the system model such as institute of accompanying drawing 1
Show.Binary information sequence f obtains code word c by LDPC encoder, then obtains modulation symbol s by modulator.Accorded with modulation
Carry out data transmission through mimo channel after adding frequency pilot sign p before number s.Sending signal x can be subject to additivity in transmitting procedure
The interference of white Gaussian noise w, the reception signal y for so obtaining occurs serious distortion.So it is first to receive signal y in receiving terminal
First processed by balanced device, then ldpc decoder enters row decoding to the output sequence z of balanced device, finally recovered information source hair
The binary information sequence for sending.In order to simplify theory analysis, make related definition explanation：Frequency pilot sign and data symbols in sending signal
Number correspondence indexed set be respectively IpAnd Id, the quantity of transmission antenna is 2, and the quantity of reception antenna is 3.
Receive signal as follows with the relation of sending signal：
Wherein H is the impulse response matrix of mimo channel, and W is additive white Gaussian noise matrix, and X is sending signal, and Y is to connect
The collection of letters number.
Core of the present invention is construction and mimo channel the shock response matrix structure identical equaliser matrix, and acts on and connect
Collection of letters Y, so as to be equalized device output symbol Z.
The present invention receiving terminal and do not need known channel impulse response matrix, it is only necessary to a small amount of frequency pilot sign can must
To the initial estimation of balanced device weight vector.Specifically, the constraint on frequency pilot sign is incorporated into blind equalization algorithm, is derived
One unified linear programming optimized algorithm, then the LP detection algorithms under flat fading MIMO channel are as follows：
By using all known frequency pilot sign of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal, l is used1Criterion allows the pilot tone that balanced device is exported to accord with
Number and the error between the frequency pilot sign that sends it is minimum.In being directed to the linear inequality constraint of frequency pilot sign as above (1a) (1b)
It is shown.In actual digital modulation system, modulation symbol belongs to a limited character set, and this characteristic is by existing constraint
Optimized algorithm using come recover send sequence, then for data symbol linear inequality constraint such as (1c) (1d) show.According to
Upper constraint, constructs corresponding cost function, the Data Detection under Unknown Channel can be realized, such as shown in formula (1).
Because data can be subject to influence of noise in transmitting procedure, cause point of the equalizer output symbol in planisphere
It is near enough, but there is the situation for being unsatisfactory for the constraint of LDPC code word in the minimum decoding result of its Euclidean distance.Therefore, in order to ensure letter
Breath transmission as correct as possible, is introduced into adaptive line planning decoding constraint, then lax LDPC code word bit stream meets not
Equality constraint is as follows：
0≤f [j]≤1 j=1 ..., L
Wherein, L is the code length of LDPC code,It is r row elements are 1 in LDPC check matrix row indexed set,AndIt is odd number, f [j] is the corresponding binary variable of LDPC code word bit stream.In order to reduce computation complexity,
Decoded mode is planned using adaptive line in emulation, which is in the way of a kind of self adaptation and iteration useful constraint
It is gradually added in former linear programming problem.
In sum, joint-detection and decoding algorithm based on linear programming, under flat fading MIMO channel, modulation methods
LP Mathematical Modelings when formula is QPSK can be written as：
0≤f[j]≤1
Effectively to observe the performance of inventive algorithm, curve map such as Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 institutes that its bit error rate changes with signal to noise ratio
Show.Wherein, the simulation result of inventive algorithm is defined as JSBED, is tied being emulated by the Turbo equalization algorithms of channel estimation
Fruit is defined as CETE.Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 compare the performance of the JSBED and CETE under 2 × 3 flat fading mimo systems, emulation knot
Fruit shows：Under high s/n ratio, using same number of pilot tone, algorithm CETE occurs error floor, and JSBED algorithm tables
Reveal excellent equalization performance.
Claims (7)
- The 1.LDPC yards of joint-detection and coding/decoding method under mimo channel, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：Binary information sequence f obtains code word c by LDPC encoder, then obtains modulation symbol s by modulator；Accorded with modulation Frequency pilot sign p is added before number s, sending signal x is carried out data transmission by mimo channel；The signal y received in receiving terminal is first Treatment is first carried out by balanced device and obtains output sequence z, ldpc decoder enters row decoding to output sequence z, recover information source transmission Binary information sequence, wherein the structure phase of the equaliser matrix and mimo channel impulse response matrix in the balanced device Together.
- 2. joint-detection and coding/decoding method of the LDPC code under mimo channel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described The target of equilibrium treatment is mimo channel and the total system impulse response of balanced device is equivalent to a unit matrix, i.e. I= HTθ, H are channel impulse response matrixes, and θ is the equaliser matrix that parametric equalizer is constituted.
- 3. joint-detection and coding/decoding method of the LDPC code under mimo channel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Pass through Construction cost function, under the constraint of frequency pilot sign and binary information sequence, make parametric equalizer optimal and and mimo channel The structure of impulse response matrix is identical.
- 4. joint-detection and coding/decoding method of the LDPC code under mimo channel according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：It is described Cost function isIpThe indexed set of frequency pilot sign in sending signal is represented,The auxiliary variable introduced by the constraints that frequency pilot sign is constituted, It is the valid data symbol of transmission Number constitute constraints introduce auxiliary variable.
- 5. joint-detection and coding/decoding method of the LDPC code under mimo channel according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：It is described The linear inequality constraint of cost function is as followsThe real part and imaginary part of balanced device output correspondence frequency pilot sign are represented respectively, The real part and imaginary part of frequency pilot sign known to receiving terminal are represented respectively.
- 6. joint-detection and coding/decoding method of the LDPC code under mimo channel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In order to Guarantee information is correctly transmitted as far as possible, when the ldpc decoder is decoded, introduces linear programming decoding constraint, then lax LDPC It is as follows that code word bits stream meets inequality：0≤f [j]≤1 j=1 ..., LWherein, L is the code length of LDPC code,It is r row elements are 1 in LDPC check matrix row indexed set,AndIt is odd number, f [j] correspondence jth position LDPC code word bit.
- 7. joint-detection and coding/decoding method of the LDPC code under mimo channel, its feature according to any one of claim 1 to 6 It is：Under the mimo channel of flat fading, when modulation system is QPSK, the Mathematical Modeling decoded using LP is expressed as：Wherein, IpRepresent the indexed set of frequency pilot sign in sending signal, IdRepresent the subscript of valid data symbol in sending signal Set,The auxiliary variable introduced by the constraints that frequency pilot sign is constituted, It is the significant figure of transmission The auxiliary variable that the constraints constituted according to symbol is introduced,For the auxiliary that addition LP decoding constraints condition is introduced Variable,The real part and imaginary part of balanced device output correspondence frequency pilot sign are represented respectively,The real part and imaginary part of frequency pilot sign known to receiving terminal are represented respectively,Point Not Biao Shi LDPC code code word bits stream corresponding modulating symbol real part and imaginary part, f [j] be LDPC code word bit stream jth position correspondence Variable.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN109245858A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-01-18 | 重庆邮电大学 | A kind of modified joint network-Turbo coding method based on decoding forwarding |
| CN113727283A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-11-30 | 中南大学 | Zero-delay correlated information source broadcast communication method |
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| CN113727283B (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2022-09-23 | 中南大学 | Zero-delay correlated information source broadcast communication method |
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