CN106871957B - A kind of measurement method of pulverized-coal fired boiler slag position and slag amount - Google Patents
A kind of measurement method of pulverized-coal fired boiler slag position and slag amount Download PDFInfo
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- CN106871957B CN106871957B CN201710019036.8A CN201710019036A CN106871957B CN 106871957 B CN106871957 B CN 106871957B CN 201710019036 A CN201710019036 A CN 201710019036A CN 106871957 B CN106871957 B CN 106871957B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of pulverized-coal fired boiler slag position and the measurement methods of slag amount, the following steps are included: (1) is respectively equipped with multiple temperature points close to or at front wall bottom, the bottom Hou Qiang, left side wall bottom and right-side wall bottom in furnace bottom dragveyer, while the import and export water pipe of the cold pulp water of dragveyer also is provided with temperature point；(2) the cold slag water temperature of all temperature points is continuously recorded；(3) it is risen to according to exit water temperature after the import and export water temperature difference and slag of the cold pulp water of furnace bottom dragveyer, calculates and obtain slag amount；(4) according to the data of the temperature point close to or at front wall bottom, the bottom Hou Qiang, left side wall bottom and right-side wall bottom, the slag position for the slag amount being calculated in step (3) is obtained；The present invention only need to be in the multiple temperature points of furnace bottom dragveyer reasonable Arrangement, so that it may obtain slag amount and the slag position of pulverized-coal fired boiler, system is simple, easily promotes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of boiler combustion, the in particular to measurement of a kind of pulverized-coal fired boiler slag position and slag amount
Method.
Background technique
When boiler uses solid or liquid fuel containing ash content, boiler each section heating surface is all adjoint to some extent
There is the depositional phenomenon of minerals, these slowly deposit the contamination that the noncombustible matter got off has resulted in heating surface.Occur in furnace
In the radiation such as thorax water-cooling wall, wall with refractory lining, refracto, pendant superheater, crust block pipe or half radiation heating-surface, and close to the portion of furnace outlet
Divide convection heating surface, the contamination in the lower part of the furnace is generally referred to as slagging.Slagging is mainly by carrying secretly in flue gas
Fusing or part fusing particles collision on furnace wall, water-cooling wall or pipe be cooled solidification and formed, Main Morphology be with
Sticky or melting precipitated form appears on radiation heating-surface.
Boiler scaling makes furnace heat transfer be deteriorated, and exacerbates slagging process, furnace outlet gas temperature is caused to increase, and causes steam temperature
It spends higher or thermal deviation to increase, and boiler efficiency is caused to reduce, most concurrent high temperature corrosion phenomenons.When slagging is serious, bulk slag
Furnace bottom water-cooling wall or obstruction slag-drip opening may be smashed by falling, and cause boiler extinguishment blowing out, or even safety accident occurs.
The eighties in last century, Serious Slagging problem in domestic many coal-burning power plants' producers.Such as power plant of Laiwu in Shandong province 125MW
Unit since ash erosion is had to the operation of long-term load down, generator Set in Yuanbaoshan Power Plant 600MW lignite-fired unit due to ash erosion without
It can normally produce.Since the nineties, many advanced foreign technologies are introduced in boiler of power plant design, to the Slagging Characteristics of coal ash
There has also been the complexity compared with in-depth study, but due to ash erosion, clogging problems not yet achieve a solution, and seriously tie in furnace
The case where slag, still repeated in domestic unit, or even serious ash erosion thing also has occurred in some import units
Therefore.As ash erosion occurs in operation for Baosteel power plant for self-supply 350MW import unit and burnt phenomenon of collapsing, and there is what is obviously deteriorated to become
Gesture；Often there is Serious Slagging in furnace in the #8 furnace of Shaoguan Power Plant Domestic 200MW power unit, and the burnt flame-out and slag that causes to collapse blocks cold ash
Struggle against the failures such as throat；The #l furnace of the port Bei Lun power plant 600MW import unit because in furnace Serious Slagging cause demolition accident, cause serious
Equipment damage and casualties.
Therefore, in boiler operatiopn, slag position in furnace (slagging position) and slag amount (slagging journey how accurately to be obtained
Degree), and adjustment is optimized to burning according to the situation of slagging, to ash erosion is weakened, boiler is avoided to fall slag with important
Meaning.Currently, the monitoring method for staiing situation for heating surface is mainly the following.
Directly measurement: measured by instrument and equipment a series of thermal parameters such as flame temperature and the flue-gas temperature in burner hearth come
Carry out the dirty monitoring of heating surface ash.It is directly carried out for example, by using Infrared imaging cameras (radiant emissivity that water cooling wall surface can be surveyed)
Slagging measurement, but since temperature is too high in burner hearth and there is sweep of gases containing flying dust, is able to carry out and directly diagnoses
Method is few and equipment manufacturing cost is expensive, and Feasible degree is not high.
Flue gas temperature of hearth outlet: burner hearth stains situation and directly affects Heat Transfer in Furnace, and furnace outlet gas temperature can reflect furnace
The case where interior slagging, can directly measure (optics or acoustics pyrometer) due to furnace outlet gas temperature or calculate indirectly, relatively simple
Feasible, the method has become external slagging monitoring system key and important monitoring supplementary means, and defect is can only to judge
The Slagging of burner hearth entirety, it is more difficult to realize that slagging positions.
Heat-flow meter: it simulates contamination process (can determine whether changes of heat flux) by the way that heat-flow meter to be mounted on water-cooling wall and ties
Slag monitoring, in the case where each position of burner hearth is all installed, monitoring result is more reliable, but the arrangement of heat-flow meter is more troublesome,
It needs blowing out to install, while being welded on water-cooling wall, change the structure of water-cooling wall, the intensity maintenance for reducing water-cooling wall is tired
Difficulty, and be easily damaged, it is more difficult to it safeguards.
The water-cooling wall back side temperature difference diagnoses indirectly: utilizing water-cooling wall back side temperature difference measuring point, on-line measurement water-cooling wall localized heat is negative
The dirty thermic load of lotus, i.e. ash.Cleaning thermic load under normal circumstances is calculated by directly measurement cleaning hot-fluid or burner hearth sectional
It obtains.Compare grey dirty thermic load and cleaning thermic load, it can be determined that go out slagging position and severity.But the method also in
The laboratory research stage, there is not yet the report of practical application.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of pulverized-coal fired boiler slag position and the measurement methods of slag amount, by monitoring dragveyer water temperature
Variation, slag orientation and slag amount are calculated, to instruct boiler combustion optimization adjustment to provide data supporting.
A kind of measurement method of pulverized-coal fired boiler slag position and slag amount, comprising the following steps:
(1) distinguish in furnace bottom dragveyer close to or at front wall bottom, the bottom Hou Qiang, left side wall bottom and right-side wall bottom
Import and export water pipe equipped with multiple temperature points, while the cold pulp water of dragveyer also is provided with temperature point；
(2) the cold slag water temperature of all temperature points is continuously recorded；
(3) it is risen to, is calculated according to exit water temperature after the import and export water temperature difference and slag of the cold pulp water of furnace bottom dragveyer
Obtain slag amount；
(4) according to the temperature point close to or at front wall bottom, the bottom Hou Qiang, left side wall bottom and right-side wall bottom
Data obtain the slag position for the slag amount being calculated in step (3).
In order to accurately obtain slag position, it is preferred that in step (4), obtain the slag amount being calculated in step (3)
Specific step is as follows for slag position:
4-1, according to close to or at front wall bottom, the bottom Hou Qiang, left side wall bottom and right-side wall bottom temperature point
Variation characteristic, tentatively judge that the direction of slag is positioned at front wall, rear wall, left side wall or right-side wall；
4-2, continue to record the temperature change of cold pulp water, successively opened soot blower according to the slagging wall that step 4-1 is determined,
The period that each soot blower comes into operation is recorded simultaneously；
The temperature change of cold pulp water, determines boiler scaling in 4-3, the comparison each soot blower running time section of step 4-3
Position.
In order to improve the accuracy of slag position calculating, it is preferred that in step (1), in furnace bottom dragveyer close to front wall bottom
At least four temperature point is respectively arranged in portion and the bottom Hou Qiang, and outermost two temperature points respectively close to left side wall bottom and
Right-side wall bottom.
In order to simplify calculating process, it is preferred that in step (1), in furnace bottom dragveyer close to front wall bottom and the bottom Hou Qiang
Respectively 4 temperature points of arrangement, the temperature point equidistant interval arrangement of every side, and the temperature point difference of two sides is positioned opposite.Into
One step is preferred, and 8 temperature points are arranged at 2 × 4 matrix.And then obtain furnace bottom dragveyer pond temperature matrices A, temperature square
Battle array A is defined as follows:
In formula, T2、T3、T4、T5For the temperature change of each temperature point in front wall bottom, T6、T7、T8、T9For for the bottom Hou Qiang it is each
The temperature change of temperature point.
Preferably, in step (3), the calculation formula for obtaining slag amount is as follows:
Wherein,
M is slag amount, unit kg；
t1And t2The initial time and end time that respectively water temperature rises to during slag；
T (t) changes with time for dragveyer exit water temperature during slag, and unit is DEG C；
For water temperature average temperature rising during slag, unit is DEG C；
QmThe mass flow of cold pulp water, unit kg/s are exported for dragveyer；
cWaterFor the specific heat capacity of water；
C indicates that the heat that water evaporation is taken away accounts for the proportionality constant of clinker heat；
DT is the deformation temperature of ash, and unit is DEG C；
TWaterWhen for no slag or slag very little in dragveyer pond water mean temperature, unit is DEG C；
cSlagFor the specific heat capacity of slag.
In the calculating process of the quantity of slag, consider that clinker falls into cold slag bath, heat a part of clinker is brought by the evaporation of water
Burner hearth, another part are transmitted to the water in cold slag bath, are discharged with pulp water.Dragveyer model is built in laboratory, research clinker is fallen into
Water evaporation takes away the ratio discovery that heat accounts for clinker heat in pond, although water evaporation takes away heat by the quantity of slag, slag temperature, the shape of slag
Shape, the factors such as water temperature influence, but water evaporation takes away heat and accounts for the ratio of clinker heat 18~22% or so, therefore take constant C
=0.18~0.22, it is further preferred that C=0.20.
In order to accurately obtain slag position, it is preferred that in step 4-1, tentatively judge slag direction be located at front wall,
The mode of wall, left side wall or right-side wall is as follows afterwards:
The amplitude of the sequencing and temperature rise that are heated up by each temperature point judges the direction of slag, most starts to warm up
The direction of slag is corresponded to the maximum measuring point of temperature rise amplitude.
In order to accurately obtain slag position, it is preferred that in step 4-3, if some soot blower come into operation during dragveyer
Exit water temperature, which has, obviously to be risen to, and illustrates that slagging is located near the soot blower.
In order to realize using each measuring point heating sequencing the direction for judging slag, it is preferred that in step (2), adopt
Sample time interval is 0.5~1.5s.If certain measuring point most starts to warm up, illustrate slag position above the measuring point near.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The measurement method of pulverized-coal fired boiler slag position and slag amount of the invention only need to be more in furnace bottom dragveyer reasonable Arrangement
A temperature point, so that it may slag amount and the slag position of pulverized-coal fired boiler are obtained, it is easy to operate, easily promote；Simultaneously to slag amount
Measurement with slag position helps that operations staff is instructed to optimize adjustment to burning, to weaken ash erosion, avoids pot
Furnace falls slag.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the wire frame flow chart of the measurement method of pulverized-coal fired boiler slag position of the invention and slag amount.
Fig. 2 is pulverized-coal fired boiler structural schematic diagram used in measurement method of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the location parameter schematic diagram of each temperature point arrangement.
Fig. 4 is that each measuring point water temperature of furnace bottom dragveyer changes with time figure.
Fig. 5 is that Fig. 4 changes with time figure in each measuring point water temperature of 19:13~19:14.
Specific embodiment
In order to be apparent to technological means of the invention, creation characteristic, workflow, application method, below with reference to tool
Body embodiment, the present invention is further explained.
As shown in Figure 1, the pulverized-coal fired boiler slag position of the present embodiment and the measurement method of slag amount, comprising the following steps:
(1) distinguish in furnace bottom dragveyer close to or at front wall bottom, the bottom Hou Qiang, left side wall bottom and right-side wall bottom
Import and export water pipe equipped with multiple temperature points, while the cold pulp water of dragveyer also is provided with temperature point；
Specifically, measuring system used in the present embodiment includes boiler body 1, dragveyer 2, dragveyer pond temperature matrices
Measuring point 3, data collecting instrument 4 and computer 5, wherein boiler body 1 includes mainly burner 101, and burnout degree nozzle 102, burner hearth is blown
Grey device 103 and dry bottom hopper 104 form, and dragveyer further includes water inlet 201 and water outlet 202, and the height of each component has been marked in figure
Spend position.
As shown in figure 3, the position of dragveyer import and export water temperature measuring point and pond temperature matrices measuring point, wherein water
Pond temperature matrices measuring point is front wall A1 measuring point respectively by 4 temperature points of front wall 105 and 4 temperature points of rear wall 106
302, front wall A2 measuring point 303, front wall B1 measuring point 304, front wall B2 measuring point 305, rear wall A1 measuring point 306, rear wall A2 measuring point 307, after
Wall B1 measuring point 308, rear wall B2 measuring point 309.The measuring point of front wall 105 and rear wall 106 is substantially all positioned opposite one by one, due to dragveyer
Water outlet is in rectangle, in order to obtain accurate water outlet water temperature, uniformly distributed 3 measuring points.And then obtain furnace bottom dragveyer pond temperature
Matrix, temperature matrices A are defined as follows:
T2For the temperature of front wall A1 measuring point 302, T3For the temperature of front wall A2 measuring point 303, T4For the temperature of wall B1 measuring point 304,
T5For the temperature of front wall B2 measuring point 305, T6For the temperature of rear wall A1 measuring point 306, T7For the temperature of rear wall A2 measuring point 307, T8It is rear
The temperature of wall B1 measuring point 308, T9For the temperature of rear wall B2 measuring point 309.
(2) the cold slag water temperature that the thermocouple being arranged at furnace bottom dragveyer measures continuously is recorded using data collecting instrument,
The sampling time interval of data collecting instrument is 1s；
(3) it is risen to, is calculated according to exit water temperature after the import and export water temperature difference and slag of the cold pulp water of furnace bottom dragveyer
Slag amount is obtained, formula is as follows:
Wherein,
M is slag amount, unit kg；
t1And t2The initial time and end time that respectively water temperature rises to during slag；
For water temperature average temperature rising during slag, unit is DEG C；
T (t) changes with time for dragveyer exit water temperature during slag, and unit is DEG C；
QmThe mass flow of cold pulp water is exported for dragveyer, is 15.7kg/s；
cWaterIt is 4.2 × 10 for the specific heat capacity of water3J/(kg·℃)；
C is constant 0.20, indicates that the 20% of clinker heat is taken away by the evaporation of water；
DT be ash deformation temperature, 1200 DEG C；
TWaterWhen for no slag or slag very little in dragveyer pond water mean temperature (dragveyer exit water temperature at this time)
37.5℃；
cSlagIt is 1 × 10 for the specific heat capacity of slag3J/(kg·℃)。
(4) according to the data of each temperature point, the slag position for the slag amount being calculated in step (3) is calculated, specifically
Steps are as follows:
The variation characteristic of pond temperature matrices at the dragveyer of analytical furnace bottom, the sequencing mainly to heat up and temperature rise
Amplitude judges the direction of slag, if certain measuring point most starts to warm up, while the amplitude of temperature rise is again maximum, absolutely proves slag position
Near above the measuring point.The soot blower further to come into operation above the measuring point, analysis different height soot blower come into operation down cold pulp water
Temperature it is attached to illustrate that slagging is located at the soot blower if dragveyer exit water temperature has and obviously rises to during some soot blower comes into operation
Closely.
Fig. 4 is under the arrangement according to Fig. 3 parameter, and each measuring point water temperature of furnace bottom dragveyer changes with time figure, can be seen
Out, dragveyer inlet water temperature maintains essentially in 27 DEG C or so, in no slag or slag very little, exit water temperature be also apparently higher than into
Saliva temperature, about 37.5 DEG C, this is mainly that the water seal of furnace bottom dragveyer is increased by radiation temperature in furnace.
Fig. 5 is that scaling-off rear each measuring point water temperature of 19:13~19:14 changes with time, it can be seen from the figure that there is slag
When falling, the water temperature at front wall A1 measuring point 302 was increased rapidly before this, and (10s is increased to 85.3 from 37.5 DEG C to amplitude up to 47.8 DEG C
DEG C), after 4s after water temperature at wall A1 measuring point 306 also increase rapidly, amplitude is said up to 46.6 DEG C (being increased to 84.1 DEG C from 37.5 DEG C)
Front wall A1 measuring point 302 is biased to generally within the top between front wall A1 measuring point 302 and rear wall A1 measuring point 306 in bright slag position,
The soot blower of the neighbouring different height of the side wall that further comes into operation, determines the position of slagging.
The calculating process of slag amount is as follows:
The initial time t that water temperature rises to during slag1=19:13:13, end time t2=19:45:21；
Water temperature average temperature rising during slag
Dragveyer exports the mass flow Q of cold pulp watermAbout 15.7kg/s；
Without slag or when slag very little in dragveyer pond water mean temperature TWaterAbout 37.5 DEG C；
The specific heat capacity c of waterWater=4.2 × 103J/(kg·℃)；
The specific heat capacity c of slagSlag=1 × 103J/(kg·℃)；
DT=1200 DEG C of deformation temperature of ash；
The 19% of clinker heat is taken away by the evaporation of water, i.e. C=0.19；
Slag amount
The pulverized-coal fired boiler slag position of the present embodiment and the measurement method of slag amount only need to be in furnace bottom dragveyer reasonable Arrangements
Multiple temperature points, so that it may obtain slag amount and the slag position of pulverized-coal fired boiler, system is simple, easily promotes；Simultaneously to slag
The measurement of amount and slag position helps that operations staff is instructed to optimize adjustment to burning, to weaken ash erosion, avoids
Boiler falls slag.
Claims (8)
1. the measurement method of a kind of pulverized-coal fired boiler slag position and slag amount, which comprises the following steps:
(1) it is respectively equipped in furnace bottom dragveyer close to or at front wall bottom, the bottom Hou Qiang, left side wall bottom and right-side wall bottom
Multiple temperature points, while the import and export water pipe of the cold pulp water of dragveyer also is provided with temperature point；
(2) the cold slag water temperature of all temperature points is continuously recorded；
(3) it is risen to according to exit water temperature after the import and export water temperature difference and slag of the cold pulp water of furnace bottom dragveyer, calculates and obtain
Slag amount；
(4) according to the number of the temperature point close to or at front wall bottom, the bottom Hou Qiang, left side wall bottom and right-side wall bottom
According to the slag position for the slag amount being calculated in calculating step (3).
2. the measurement method of pulverized-coal fired boiler slag as described in claim 1 position and slag amount, which is characterized in that step (4)
In, specific step is as follows for the slag position for the slag amount being calculated in acquisition step (3):
4-1, according to close to or at front wall bottom, the bottom Hou Qiang, left side wall bottom and right-side wall bottom temperature point change
Change feature, tentatively judges that the direction of slag is to be located at front wall, rear wall, left side wall or right-side wall；
4-2, continue to record the temperature change of cold pulp water, successively be opened soot blower according to the slagging wall that step 4-1 is determined, simultaneously
Record the period that each soot blower comes into operation；
The temperature change of cold pulp water, determines the position of boiler scaling in 4-3, the comparison each soot blower running time section of step 4-2.
3. the measurement method of pulverized-coal fired boiler slag position as described in claim 1 and slag amount, which is characterized in that step (1)
In, at least four temperature point, and outermost two temperature are respectively arranged close to front wall bottom and the bottom Hou Qiang in furnace bottom dragveyer
Measuring point is respectively close to left side wall bottom and right-side wall bottom.
4. the measurement method of pulverized-coal fired boiler slag as described in claim 1 position and slag amount, which is characterized in that step (1)
In, 4 temperature points, the temperature point equidistant interval of every side are respectively arranged close to front wall bottom and the bottom Hou Qiang in furnace bottom dragveyer
Arrangement, and the temperature point difference of two sides is positioned opposite.
5. the measurement method of pulverized-coal fired boiler slag as described in claim 1 position and slag amount, which is characterized in that step (3)
In, the calculation formula for obtaining slag amount is as follows:
Wherein,
M is slag amount, unit kg；
t1And t2The initial time and end time that respectively water temperature rises to during slag；
T (t) changes with time for dragveyer exit water temperature during slag, and unit is DEG C；
For water temperature average temperature rising during slag, unit is DEG C；
QmThe mass flow of cold pulp water, unit kg/s are exported for dragveyer；
cWaterFor the specific heat capacity of water；
C indicates that the heat that water evaporation is taken away accounts for the proportionality constant of clinker heat；
DT is the deformation temperature of ash, and unit is DEG C；
TWaterWhen for no slag or slag very little in dragveyer pond water mean temperature, unit is DEG C；
cSlagFor the specific heat capacity of slag.
6. the measurement method of pulverized-coal fired boiler slag as claimed in claim 2 position and slag amount, which is characterized in that step 4-1
In, tentatively judge that the direction of slag is as follows positioned at the mode of front wall, rear wall, left side wall or right-side wall:
The amplitude of the sequencing and temperature rise that are heated up by each temperature point judges the direction of slag, most starts to warm up and temperature
The maximum measuring point of increasing degree degree corresponds to the direction of slag.
7. the measurement method of pulverized-coal fired boiler slag as claimed in claim 2 position and slag amount, which is characterized in that step 4-3
In, if dragveyer exit water temperature has and obviously rises to during some soot blower comes into operation, illustrate that slagging is located near the soot blower.
8. the measurement method of pulverized-coal fired boiler slag as described in claim 1 position and slag amount, which is characterized in that step (2)
In, sampling time interval is 0.5~1.5s.
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| CN106247308A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-12-21 | 浙江大学 | Boiler scaling condition monitoring based on furnace exit temperature and control method |
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| JP2004177018A (en) * | 2002-11-28 | 2004-06-24 | Hitachi Ltd | Ash melting furnace |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102253081A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-11-23 | 华北电力大学 | Method for monitoring soot in hearth of power station boiler based on acoustical principle |
| CN103225805A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2013-07-31 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | Boiler apparatus for preventing high temperature corrosion of water screen |
| CN105676634A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2016-06-15 | 通用电气公司 | System and method for optimization of minimizing slag formation |
| CN105276563A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-01-27 | 东南大学 | Method for soft measurement of smoke temperature of outlet of hearth based on real-time slagging condition of hearth |
| CN106247308A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-12-21 | 浙江大学 | Boiler scaling condition monitoring based on furnace exit temperature and control method |
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