CN106866189A - A kind of implantation methods of Ipomoea batatas - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods of Ipomoea batatas Download PDFInfo
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- CN106866189A CN106866189A CN201710051593.8A CN201710051593A CN106866189A CN 106866189 A CN106866189 A CN 106866189A CN 201710051593 A CN201710051593 A CN 201710051593A CN 106866189 A CN106866189 A CN 106866189A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/70—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting wettability, e.g. drying agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to proportion of crop planting technical field, specifically disclosing a kind of implantation methods of Ipomoea batatas Ipomoea batatas implantation methods includes step in detail below：1) site preparation：Deep ploughing basal dressing；2) ridging：Push up into ditch shape in ridge；3) seedling is selected in nursery；4) plant；5) apply fertilizer；6) diseases prevention；Wherein, the base manure is made up of farm manure, humic acid slow release potash fertilizer, carbon dust, modified alta-mud and microbial-bacterial fertilizer for becoming thoroughly decomposed etc. based on certain part by weight；The foliar fertilizer is made up of titanium-containing blast furnace slag fertilizer, the red potassium of high energy, amino acid fertilizer and trace-element fertilizer etc. by certain part by weight.The implantation methods of Ipomoea batatas of the present invention are from fertilizing management, base manure and liquid fertilizer is reasonably combined uses, the release time of fertilizer nutrient and intensity can be made to be matched with crop nutrition content absorbing rule, so as to the utilization rate of base manure and foliar fertilizer can be improved, and then the yield of Ipomoea batatas can be improved；And the also composition containing purification soil in base manure, so as to the quality and safety of Ipomoea batatas can be improved.
Description
【Technical field】
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting technical field, and in particular to a kind of implantation methods of Ipomoea batatas.
【Background technology】
Ipomoea batatas also known as sweet potato, sweet potato, category Convolvulaceae sweet potato genus are annual or perennial sprawling herbs plant, are a kind of nonirrigated farmlands
Crop.In past grain supply and demand stressful times, many places are " Ipomoea batatas season, grain half a year ", and it is to resolve adequate food and clothing to have played very big
Effect.The development of progress and the market agricultural now with science and technology, has new leap again to the understanding of Ipomoea batatas.Development Ipomoea batatas life
Product is both adjustment crop mix, is also to improve eating patterns, the need for advancing in living standard the need for improving productivity effect.
Ipomoea batatas contains various nutriments needed by human such as protein, phosphorus, calcium, iron, carrotene, vitamin.Every 500 grams of Ipomoea batatas are about
Can heat production can 635 kilocalories, containing 11.5 grams of protein, sugar 14.5 grams, fat 1 gram, 100 milligrams of phosphorus, 90 milligrams of calcium, 2 grams of iron, Hu Luo
0.5 milligram of Bu Su, it is another to contain dimension raw B1, B2, C and niacin, linoleic acid etc..Wherein vitamin B1, the content of B2 compare rice respectively
6 times high and 3 times.Particularly Ipomoea batatas contains abundant lysine, and rice, flour exactly lack lysine.Also, Ipomoea batatas also has
There is the effects such as anticancer, cardioprotection, prevention pulmonary emphysema, diabetes, fat-reducing.Therefore, in recent years, Ipomoea batatas is in international, domestic city
Field is extremely sold well, and market development prospect is extremely wide.
But, there are problems that miscarriage, utilization rate of fertilizer be low due to traditional Ipomoea batatas plantation, planting cost relatively,
Ipomoea batatas plantation amount is unstable, yield poorly phenomenon is caused to occur, also, due to use fertilizer, insecticidal bactericide and industry,
Traffic and the pollution of house refuse, make Ipomoea batatas planting soil there is heavy metal and Organic Pollution, and this not only have impact on Ipomoea batatas kind
The yield of plant, and the quality of Ipomoea batatas is reduced, or even Ipomoea batatas is contained within more heavy metal and organic pollution pest and disease damage,
And these pollutants can also enter the internal of people by food chain, so as to destroy nerve system of human body, immune system, skeletal system
Deng, so serious harm human body health.
【The content of the invention】
Goal of the invention of the invention is：For above-mentioned problem, there is provided a kind of implantation methods of Ipomoea batatas.The present invention
From fertilizing management, base manure and liquid fertilizer is reasonably combined uses can make the release time of fertilizer nutrient to the implantation methods of Ipomoea batatas
Matched with crop nutrition content absorbing rule with intensity, so as to the utilization rate of base manure and foliar fertilizer can be improved, and then Ipomoea batatas can be improved
Yield；And the also composition containing purification soil in base manure, containing for heavy metal in soil and organic pollution can be substantially reduced
Amount, and then improve the quality and safety of Ipomoea batatas.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
A kind of implantation methods of Ipomoea batatas, including step in detail below：
1) site preparation：After deep ploughing treatment 30-35cm, spray the fulvic acid aqueous solution to soil of deep ploughing and moisten completely and covering with plastic film
2-3 days, then remove mulch film, spread the base manure that a thickness is 4-8cm and turned over, after base manure is well mixed with soil, then adopt
With mulch film covering treatment 10-15 days；
2) ridging：The a height of 10-15cm in ridge, row spacing is 30-40cm, and leveling is pushed up on ridge, and on ridge both sides, hook soil is padded, and centre is done
Into ditch shape；
3) seedling is selected in nursery：Using being of moderate size, without disease pest, the potato wedges without wound does potato seed carries out nursery, when potato wedges grows
Potato seedling growth length when being 20-25cm, heel in numerous seedling, and pinching is pinched promotion potato seedling growth branch；When the potato seedling growth length heeled in reaches
During to 30-35cm, cut and adopt the tender strong sprout of first paragraph of a length of 20-25cm and make seedling, and sterilization treatment is carried out to seedling；
4) plant：Planted in early July to mid-August, seedling transplant depth is 5-7cm, every mu of transplanting 3000-3200
Strain；
5) apply fertilizer：Base manure 1 time, foliar fertilizer 2 times are imposed in 1-5 month after planting；
6) diseases prevention：After planting diseases prevention liquid is sprayed in 1-2 month 1-2 times；
Wherein, the base manure is prepared from by the raw material of following weight portion：Become thoroughly decomposed farm manure 15-30 parts, it is humic acid sustained
15-30 parts of Potassium release fertilizer, carbon dust 10-23 parts, composite fertilizer 10-20 parts, cotton seed hull 8-15 parts become thoroughly decomposed, modified alta-mud 8-15 parts,
Microbial-bacterial fertilizer 5-13 parts, alkyl sulfonic ester 2-5 parts, hydroxycarboxylate 1-3 parts and APES 1-3 parts；
The foliar fertilizer is prepared from by the raw material of following weight portion：The red potassium 7- of 8-20 parts of titanium-containing blast furnace slag fertilizer, high energy
17 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5-15 parts, amino acid fertilizer 3-10 parts, trace-element fertilizer 3-8 parts, benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt 1-5 parts and water
500-700 parts.
In the present invention, further, the modified alta-mud is well mixed by the raw material of following weight portion and is made：Pig manure
Degradation solution is modified the modified sodium bentonite 10-18 of 12-23 parts of sodium bentonite, 12-22 parts of iron carbonyl overlay film bentonite, iron carbonyl
Part and tannic acid modified bentonite 8-17 parts.
In the present invention, further, the microbial-bacterial fertilizer is well mixed by the raw material of following weight portion and is made：It is spontaneous
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria 8-12 parts, from mycorrhizal fungi 6-12 parts, rhizobium 5-10 parts and Applying Ectomycorrhizal Fungi 4-8 parts, colloid bacillus cereus
3-8 parts.
In the present invention, further, the preparation method of the titanium-containing blast furnace slag fertilizer is：By weight, claim respectively
16-30 parts of ammonium sulfate and 2-4 parts of titanium-containing blast furnace slag is taken, then by titanium-containing blast furnace slag by adding sulfuric acid after Water Quenching
Ammonium, heats 33-38min at 320-330 DEG C, then cools down, you can obtain the titanium-containing blast furnace slag fertilizer.
In the present invention, further, step 1) in, the fulvic acid aqueous solution presses 1~1.5 by fulvic acid and water:6
Ratio mixed dissolution is prepared.
In the present invention, further, step 3) in, the sterilization treatment is：Using 500 times of liquid of carbendazim colloidal suspending agent or
700 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl, 6-8cm sections of immersion 10-15min of seedling base portion.
In the present invention, further, step 6) in, the diseases prevention liquid by SODLUM FULVATE and methyl cloth support Tianjin by volume
7:3 well mixed are made.
In the present invention, further, the farm manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed is by sheep manure, chicken manure, duck excrement and stalk by weight 8:
3:3:2 hybrid compostings 30-40 days are made.
In the present invention, further, the base manure is made up of step in detail below：
(1) each raw material components of base manure are weighed by weight, then by each raw material components mix to uniformly,
Temperature is 35-40 DEG C, humidity is 90% time placement 10-15 days, and was stirred once every 3-5 days, that is, obtain base manure mixture, standby
With；
(2) humidity of base manure mixture is dropped into 30-35%, is then granulated with comminutor, obtain particle diameter for 3-5mm
Base manure particle, the base manure particle that will be obtained dry to water content be less than 3%, you can obtain base manure of the invention.
In the present invention, further, the preparation method of the foliar fertilizer is：Each original of foliar fertilizer is weighed by weight
Material component, the titanium-containing blast furnace slag fertilizer that then will be weighed, the red potassium of high energy, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, amino acid fertilizer, trace element fertilizer
Material and benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt are put into water, and stirring obtains final product foliar fertilizer of the invention to dissolving.
The present invention applies management on from fertilizer, and first, planting soil is deep ploughed and is sprayed can be to soil sand
Grain plays the fulvic acid solution of encapsulation action, and ridging is into ditch shape, to strengthen the retain water and nutrients ability of soil and fertilizer supported
The absorbability for dividing, so as to improve the utilization rate of fertilizer.Second, reasonable coordination use base manure and foliar fertilizer, base manure nutrients release compared with
Slowly, it acts synergistically with the rapid foliar fertilizer of nutrients release, it is ensured that the nutrition needed for Ipomoea batatas growth, not only effect of increasing production is bright
It is aobvious, and input cost is low, and output income is big, goes into operation than up to 1:More than 9.3rd, Ipomoea batatas seedling is sterilized before planting
Treatment and the sprinkling diseases prevention liquid after planting, can reach the effect of dual diseases prevention, can effectively suppress the growth of harmful bacteria, enter
And the incidence of disease of Ipomoea batatas is reduced, also, single component is used as diseases prevention liquor ratio using SODLUM FULVATE and the mixing of methyl cloth support Tianjin
Diseases prevention liquid is done, diseases prevention ability increases, wherein, the incidence of disease of Ipomoea batatas root rot and black spot can respectively reduce by 9% He
10.8%.4th, base manure of the invention first carries out inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer reasonably combined and special according to the growth of Ipomoea batatas
Property, the corresponding content for increasing Element Potassium and reduce the content of elemental nitrogen, the weight of potato wedges is increased to reduce the ratio of sweet potato stem leaf
The quantity of amount and individual plant potato rattan knot potato, and then improve the yield of Ipomoea batatas；Secondly, the modified alta-mud pig manure degradation solution of addition is modified
Sodium bentonite, iron carbonyl overlay film bentonite, iron carbonyl are modified sodium bentonite and the mutually coordinated work of tannic acid modified bentonite
With can not only eliminate the stink of decomposed manure of the present invention, and can strengthen to the heavy metal element in soil and organic
The absorption fixation of pollutant, greatly reduces the content of heavy metal in soil and organic pollution, wherein, the present invention is modified
Bentonite is respectively 23.7%, 95.8% and 54.8% to the absorptivity of copper, arsenic and cadmium in polluted-water, and the huge sum of money in soil
Category element is absorbed after fixing, and can greatly reduce the absorption of Ipomoea batatas heavy metal element and organic pollution, is further enhanced red
Absorption of the potato to effective element, and then the quality of Ipomoea batatas and the speed of expansion of fast root can be improved.In addition, being based on raw material of the invention
With the uptake characters of Ipomoea batatas, azotobacter in microbial-bacterial fertilizer of the present invention, from mycorrhizal fungi, rhizobium, exotrophic mycorrhiza
Fungi and colloid bacillus cereus act synergistically, and can not only improve the degradation rate of pollutant in soil, make pollutant by chemical combination
State is converted into free state, and then is easy to absorption of the modified alta-mud to pollutant, and can discharge soil and modified alta-mud
The effective element of middle fixation, particularly tri- kinds of elements of N, P, K；Therefore, modified alta-mud of the present invention and microbial-bacterial fertilizer are mutually assisted
Tune is acted on, and forms the cyclic process that an effective element absorbs-discharges, and effectively controls the rate of release of fertilizer nutrient, makes fertilizer
The release time and intensity for expecting nutrient match with crop nutrition content absorbing rule, so as to reduce fertilizer loss, increase fertilizer utilization
Rate, and then improve the yield of crop；Wherein, the release profiles of element K are S-type, are that the expansion of mid-term and later stage Ipomoea batatas root tuber is carried
The potassium of abundance is supplied, and then the expansion rate in Ipomoea batatas root tuber mid-term and later stage has been respectively increased 29%, 33%.Finally, add
Plus alkyl sulfonic ester, hydroxycarboxylate and alkylphenol-polyethenoxy synergy, can not only be formed in fertiliser granulates surface
The wrap film that can be degraded by microbial-bacterial fertilizer of the present invention, and the wrap film for being formed can prevent fertilizer from being sent out in storage and transportation
The raw nutrient rate of release for luming and efficiently controlling fertilizer, so as to be prevented effectively from the loss of available nutrient in Ipomoea batatas fertilizer, and
And can make fertiliser granulates of the invention in soil with the scattered property of preferably speed, to make fertilizer have with soil and root system of plant
Larger contact area, beneficial to the absorption of nutrient.5th, liquid fertilizer of the invention has also deferred to the characteristic that Ipomoea batatas likes potassium, accordingly
The content of potassium element is increased, so that Ipomoea batatas blade keeps emerald green, leave photosynthetic ability is improved, accelerates carbohydrate to close
Into operating, and then promote Ipomoea batatas root tuber to expand rapidly, improve yield；And between the amino acid fertilizer and trace-element fertilizer of addition
Chelation can be produced, so that increase the activity of Trace Elements in Soil, more conducively absorption of the Ipomoea batatas to trace element, Jin Erti
The utilization rate of foliar fertilizer high；The benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt of addition can strengthen the spreadability of foliar fertilizer, so as to increase sweet potato leaves to foliar fertilizer
Absorption, its absorptivity is up to 89.5%；In addition, in the titanium-containing blast furnace slag fertilizer that thus preparation method is prepared, can be planted
The dissolution rate of effective element nitrogen, silicon, calcium, magnesium, iron and titanium that thing is utilized is high, wherein, the dissolution rate of titanium, iron and magnesium is respectively
85%, 76% and 87%, and wherein sl. sol. calcium silicates and calcium sulfate can be carried out into soil by the microbial-bacterial fertilizer in base manure
Decompose, as the long-acting composition of slow, to improve utilization rate of fertilizer.
In sum, by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The implantation methods of Ipomoea batatas of the present invention contain purification soil, slow release fertilizer nutrient from fertilizing management, base manure
Containing abundant potassium in composition, and itself and foliar fertilizer, after both are engaged administration, synergy can make fertilizer nutrient
Release time and intensity match with crop nutrition content absorbing rule, so as to the utilization rate of base manure and foliar fertilizer, Jin Erke can be improved
Improve the yield of Ipomoea batatas；Also, the also composition containing purification soil in base manure, it is inorganic in its absorbable fixed base manure and foliar fertilizer
Heavy metal and organic pollution that heavy metal and soil contained by fertilizer contain in itself, so as to the quality safety of Ipomoea batatas can be improved
Property, and then ensure the health of human body.
【Specific embodiment】
Embodiment 1
One, makes base manure
1. by weight, following raw materials according component is weighed：
Wherein, the modified alta-mud is mixed by the raw material of following weight portion：
Pig manure degradation solution is modified 12 parts of sodium bentonite；12 parts of iron carbonyl overlay film bentonite；
Iron carbonyl is modified 10 parts of sodium bentonite；8 parts of tannic acid modified bentonite.
The microbial-bacterial fertilizer is mixed by the raw material of following weight portion：
8 parts of azotobacter；From 6 parts of mycorrhizal fungi；
5 parts of rhizobium；4 parts of Applying Ectomycorrhizal Fungi；
3 parts of colloid bacillus cereus.
The farm manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed is by sheep manure, chicken manure, duck excrement and stalk by weight 8:3:3:2 hybrid compostings 30 days are made
Into.
2. base manure is produced by step in detail below：
(1) each raw material components of base manure are weighed by weight, then by each raw material components mix to uniformly,
Temperature is 35 DEG C, humidity is 90% time placement 10 days, and was stirred once every 3 days, that is, obtain base manure mixture, standby；
(2) humidity of base manure mixture is dropped to 30%, is then granulated with comminutor, obtain the base that particle diameter is 3mm
Fertile particle, the base manure particle that will be obtained is dried to water content and is less than 3%, you can obtain base manure of the invention.
Two, make liquid fertilizer
1. by weight, following raw materials according component is weighed：
8 parts of titanium-containing blast furnace slag fertilizer；7 parts of the red potassium of high energy；
5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate；3 parts of amino acid fertilizer；
3 parts of trace-element fertilizer；1 part of benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt；
500 parts of water.
2. foliar fertilizer is produced by step in detail below：
(1) preparation of titanium-containing blast furnace slag fertilizer：By weight, ammonium sulfate and 2 parts of the titaniferous that 16 parts are weighed respectively are high
Slag, then by titanium-containing blast furnace slag by adding ammonium sulfate after Water Quenching, heats 33min at 320 DEG C, then cools down, i.e.,
Can obtain the titanium-containing blast furnace slag fertilizer；
(2) each raw material components of foliar fertilizer are weighed by weight, titanium-containing blast furnace slag fertilizer, the high energy that then will be weighed
Red potassium, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, amino acid fertilizer, trace-element fertilizer and benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt are put into water, and stirring obtains final product this to dissolving
The foliar fertilizer of invention.
Three, carry out Ipomoea batatas plantation by step in detail below：
1) site preparation：After deep ploughing treatment 30cm, spray the fulvic acid aqueous solution to soil of deep ploughing and moisten completely and covering with plastic film 2
My god, then remove mulch film, spread the base manure that a thickness is 4cm and turned over, after base manure is well mixed with soil, then using mulch film
Covering treatment 10 days；
2) ridging：The a height of 10cm in ridge, row spacing is 30cm, and leveling is pushed up on ridge, and on ridge both sides, hook soil is padded, and ditch is made in centre
Shape；
3) seedling is selected in nursery：Using being of moderate size, without disease pest, the potato wedges without wound does potato seed carries out nursery, when potato wedges grows
Potato seedling growth length when being 20cm, heel in numerous seedling, and pinching is pinched promotion potato seedling growth branch；When the potato seedling growth length heeled in reaches
During 30cm, cut and adopt the tender strong sprout of first paragraph of a length of 20cm and make seedling, and sterilization treatment is carried out to seedling；
4) plant：Planted in early July to mid-August, seedling transplant depth is 5cm, every mu of 3000 plants of transplanting；
5) apply fertilizer：Base manure 1 time, foliar fertilizer 2 times are imposed in 1-5 month after planting；
6) diseases prevention：After planting diseases prevention liquid is sprayed in 1-2 month 1 time.
Wherein, the fulvic acid aqueous solution presses 1 by fulvic acid and water:6 ratio mixed dissolution is prepared；The sterilizing
It is processed as：Using 700 times of liquid of 500 times of liquid of carbendazim colloidal suspending agent or thiophanate methyl, 6cm sections of immersion 10min of seedling base portion；Institute
Diseases prevention liquid is stated by SODLUM FULVATE and methyl cloth support Tianjin by volume 7:3 well mixed are made.
Embodiment 2
One, makes base manure
1. by weight, following raw materials according component is weighed：
Wherein, the modified alta-mud is mixed by the raw material of following weight portion：
Pig manure degradation solution is modified 17 parts of sodium bentonite；17 parts of iron carbonyl overlay film bentonite；
Iron carbonyl is modified 14 parts of sodium bentonite；13 parts of tannic acid modified bentonite.
The microbial-bacterial fertilizer is mixed by the raw material of following weight portion：
10 parts of azotobacter；From 9 parts of mycorrhizal fungi；
7 parts of rhizobium；6 parts of Applying Ectomycorrhizal Fungi；
5 parts of colloid bacillus cereus.
The farm manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed is by sheep manure, chicken manure, duck excrement and stalk by weight 8:3:3:2 hybrid compostings 35 days are made
Into.
2. base manure is produced by step in detail below：
(1) each raw material components of base manure are weighed by weight, then by each raw material components mix to uniformly,
Temperature is 38 DEG C, humidity is 90% time placement 13 days, and was stirred once every 4 days, that is, obtain base manure mixture, standby；
(2) humidity of base manure mixture is dropped to 33%, is then granulated with comminutor, obtain the base that particle diameter is 4mm
Fertile particle, the base manure particle that will be obtained is dried to water content and is less than 3%, you can obtain base manure of the invention.
Two, make liquid fertilizer
1. by weight, following raw materials according component is weighed：
16 parts of titanium-containing blast furnace slag fertilizer；14 parts of the red potassium of high energy；
10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate；6 parts of amino acid fertilizer；
5 parts of trace-element fertilizer；3 parts of benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt；
600 parts of water.
2. foliar fertilizer is produced by step in detail below：
(1) preparation of titanium-containing blast furnace slag fertilizer：By weight, ammonium sulfate and 3 parts of the titaniferous that 24 parts are weighed respectively are high
Slag, then by titanium-containing blast furnace slag by adding ammonium sulfate after Water Quenching, heats 35min at 325 DEG C, then cools down, i.e.,
Can obtain the titanium-containing blast furnace slag fertilizer；
(2) each raw material components of foliar fertilizer are weighed by weight, titanium-containing blast furnace slag fertilizer, the high energy that then will be weighed
Red potassium, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, amino acid fertilizer, trace-element fertilizer and benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt are put into water, and stirring obtains final product this to dissolving
The foliar fertilizer of invention.
Three, carry out Ipomoea batatas plantation by step in detail below：
1) site preparation：After deep ploughing treatment 33cm, spray the fulvic acid aqueous solution to soil of deep ploughing and moisten completely and covering with plastic film 3
My god, then remove mulch film, spread the base manure that a thickness is 5cm and turned over, after base manure is well mixed with soil, then using mulch film
Covering treatment 12 days；
2) ridging：The a height of 13cm in ridge, row spacing is 35cm, and leveling is pushed up on ridge, and on ridge both sides, hook soil is padded, and ditch is made in centre
Shape；
3) seedling is selected in nursery：Using being of moderate size, without disease pest, the potato wedges without wound does potato seed carries out nursery, when potato wedges grows
Potato seedling growth length when being 23cm, heel in numerous seedling, and pinching is pinched promotion potato seedling growth branch；When the potato seedling growth length heeled in reaches
During 33cm, cut and adopt the tender strong sprout of first paragraph of a length of 22cm and make seedling, and sterilization treatment is carried out to seedling；
4) plant：Planted in early July to mid-August, seedling transplant depth is 6cm, every mu of 3100 plants of transplanting；
5) apply fertilizer：Base manure 1 time, foliar fertilizer 2 times are imposed in 1-5 month after planting；
6) diseases prevention：After planting diseases prevention liquid is sprayed in 1-2 month 2 times.
Wherein, the fulvic acid aqueous solution presses 1.2 by fulvic acid and water:6 ratio mixed dissolution is prepared；It is described to go out
Bacterium is processed as：Using 700 times of liquid of 500 times of liquid of carbendazim colloidal suspending agent or thiophanate methyl, 7cm sections of immersion 13min of seedling base portion；
The diseases prevention liquid is by SODLUM FULVATE and methyl cloth support Tianjin by volume 7:3 well mixed are made.
Embodiment 3
One, makes base manure
1. by weight, following raw materials according component is weighed：
Wherein, the modified alta-mud is mixed by the raw material of following weight portion：
Pig manure degradation solution is modified 23 parts of sodium bentonite；22 parts of iron carbonyl overlay film bentonite；
Iron carbonyl is modified 18 parts of sodium bentonite；17 parts of tannic acid modified bentonite.
The farm manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed is by sheep manure, chicken manure, duck excrement and stalk by weight 8:3:3:2 hybrid compostings 40 days are made
Into.
The microbial-bacterial fertilizer is mixed by the raw material of following weight portion：
12 parts of azotobacter；From 12 parts of mycorrhizal fungi；
10 parts of rhizobium；8 parts of Applying Ectomycorrhizal Fungi；
8 parts of colloid bacillus cereus.
2. base manure is produced by step in detail below：
(1) each raw material components of base manure are weighed by weight, then by each raw material components mix to uniformly,
Temperature is 40 DEG C, humidity is 90% time placement 15 days, and was stirred once every 5 days, that is, obtain base manure mixture, standby；
(2) humidity of base manure mixture is dropped to 35%, is then granulated with comminutor, obtain the base that particle diameter is 5mm
Fertile particle, the base manure particle that will be obtained is dried to water content and is less than 3%, you can obtain base manure of the invention.
Two, make liquid fertilizer
1. by weight, following raw materials according component is weighed：
20 parts of titanium-containing blast furnace slag fertilizer；17 parts of the red potassium of high energy；
15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate；10 parts of amino acid fertilizer；
8 parts of trace-element fertilizer；5 parts of benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt；
700 parts of water.
2. foliar fertilizer is produced by step in detail below：
(1) preparation of titanium-containing blast furnace slag fertilizer：By weight, ammonium sulfate and 4 parts of the titaniferous that 30 parts are weighed respectively are high
Slag, then by titanium-containing blast furnace slag by adding ammonium sulfate after Water Quenching, heats 38min at 330 DEG C, then cools down, i.e.,
Can obtain the titanium-containing blast furnace slag fertilizer；
(2) each raw material components of foliar fertilizer are weighed by weight, titanium-containing blast furnace slag fertilizer, the high energy that then will be weighed
Red potassium, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, amino acid fertilizer, trace-element fertilizer and benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt are put into water, and stirring obtains final product this to dissolving
The foliar fertilizer of invention.
Three, carry out Ipomoea batatas plantation by step in detail below：
1) site preparation：After deep ploughing treatment 35cm, spray the fulvic acid aqueous solution to soil of deep ploughing and moisten completely and covering with plastic film 3
My god, then remove mulch film, spread the base manure that a thickness is 8cm and turned over, after base manure is well mixed with soil, then using mulch film
Covering treatment 15 days；
2) ridging：The a height of 15cm in ridge, row spacing is 40cm, and leveling is pushed up on ridge, and on ridge both sides, hook soil is padded, and ditch is made in centre
Shape；
3) seedling is selected in nursery：Using being of moderate size, without disease pest, the potato wedges without wound does potato seed carries out nursery, when potato wedges grows
Potato seedling growth length when being 25cm, heel in numerous seedling, and pinching is pinched promotion potato seedling growth branch；When the potato seedling growth length heeled in reaches
During 35cm, cut and adopt the tender strong sprout of first paragraph of a length of 25cm and make seedling, and sterilization treatment is carried out to seedling；
4) plant：Planted in early July to mid-August, seedling transplant depth is 7cm, every mu of 3200 plants of transplanting；
5) apply fertilizer：Base manure 1 time, foliar fertilizer 2 times are imposed in 1-5 month after planting；
6) diseases prevention：After planting diseases prevention liquid is sprayed in 1-2 month 2 times.
Wherein, the fulvic acid aqueous solution presses 1.5 by fulvic acid and water:6 ratio mixed dissolution is prepared；It is described to go out
Bacterium is processed as：Using 700 times of liquid of 500 times of liquid of carbendazim colloidal suspending agent or thiophanate methyl, 8cm sections of immersion 10- of seedling base portion
15min；The diseases prevention liquid is by SODLUM FULVATE and methyl cloth support Tianjin by volume 7:3 well mixed are made.
Compliance test result：Implantation methods as described in embodiment of the present invention 1-3 plant Ipomoea batatas, used as experimental group 1-3；By one
As base manure and foliar fertilizer replace embodiment of the present invention 1-3 base manure and foliar fertilizer (general base manure：By excrement and stalk fermentation
Proportioning is mixed the tri- kinds of inorganic fertilizer of farm manure and N, P, K for obtaining at random；General foliar fertilizer：It is not dissolved in by N, P, K nutriment in a fertilizer
Water is made), Ipomoea batatas (each group dose is completely the same) is planted in the case where remaining condition is complete unanimously, as a control group 1-
3；Plantation Ipomoea batatas compares the utilization power of each group fertilizer and the yield of gained Ipomoea batatas up to harvesting respectively, the results are shown in Table 1：
The experimental group of table 1 and control group fertilizer utilization situation and Ipomoea batatas production statistical form
| Project | Experimental group 1 | Experimental group 2 | Experimental group 3 | Control group 1 | Control group 2 | Control group 3 |
| Plantation number/strain | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
| Ipomoea batatas production (Kg) | 340 | 342 | 341 | 300 | 303 | 305 |
As shown in Table 1, in the case where remaining is consistent, compounding application base manure of the invention and foliar fertilizer with apply one
As base manure compared with foliar fertilizer, Ipomoea batatas production improves 12.1-12.9%.Thus, it is possible to find out, base manure of the invention and leaf
Leaven utilization rate is high, and compounding application base manure and foliar fertilizer in the present inventive method, can effectively improve the yield of Ipomoea batatas.
The measure situation table of heavy metals in soil before and after the experimental group of table 2 and control group plantation Ipomoea batatas
Content unit：μg/g
It can thus be concluded that, after carrying out fertilizing and planting Ipomoea batatas using base manure of the invention, the content of Copper In The Soil, arsenic and cadmium
The content for reducing Copper In The Soil, arsenic and cadmium after 1.1 μ g/g, 0.85 μ g/g and 0.49 μ g/g, and plantation respectively meets not
The content standard of pollution；And in control group, the content of Copper In The Soil, arsenic and cadmium after plantation has different degrees of rising, category
In the scope of slight pollution.It can thus be concluded that, base manure of the invention can effectively absorb the heavy metal in soil, purification soil, from
And the absorption of Ipomoea batatas heavy metal element is reduced, and then improve the quality of Ipomoea batatas.
The Ipomoea batatas Partial Elements assay table that the experimental group of the present invention of table 3 and control group plantation are obtained
N, P and K content unit：%；Copper, arsenic and cadmium content unit：μg/g
| Project | Experimental group (average value) | Control group (average value) |
| N is measured | 12.5 | 13 |
| P is measured | 21.8 | 12.9 |
| K is measured | 40.5 | 13.2 |
| Copper | 0.01 | 0.10 |
| Arsenic | Do not detect | 0.09 |
| Cadmium | Do not detect | 0.07 |
By determining, it is known that the content of N, P and K is respectively 15%, 24%, 47% in the base manure obtained by the present invention, and
The content of N, P and K is respectively 28%, 27%, 28% in base manure used by control group, it can thus be concluded that, the suction of N, P and K in base manure
Yield can respectively reach 83.3%, 90.8% and 86.2%, respectively 46.4%, 47.8% and 47.1% higher than control group,
Therefore, the obtained base manure utilization rate of the present invention can be explained high；In addition, without arsenic in the Ipomoea batatas planted out using base manure of the invention
With the Heavy Metallic Elements of cadmium two, and copper content is also only 0.01 μ g/g, is suitable to the nutritional need of human body, and what control group was planted out
Ipomoea batatas contains a certain amount of copper, arsenic and cadmium, and long-term consumption can cause serious harm to human body, therefore, using of the invention
Base manure is applied fertilizer, and the Ipomoea batatas that plantation is obtained increases in the absence of harmful heavy metal, the quality of Ipomoea batatas.
Described above is directed to the detailed description of preferably possible embodiments of the invention, but embodiment is not limited to this hair
Bright patent claim, the equal change completed under the technical spirit suggested by all present invention or modification change, all should belong to
Cover the scope of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of implantation methods of Ipomoea batatas, it is characterised in that including step in detail below：
1) site preparation：After deep ploughing treatment 30-35cm, spray the fulvic acid aqueous solution to soil of deep ploughing and moisten completely and covering with plastic film 2-3
My god, then remove mulch film, spread the base manure that a thickness is 4-8cm and turned over, after base manure is well mixed with soil, then using ground
Film covering treatment 10-15 days；
2) ridging：The a height of 10-15cm in ridge, row spacing is 30-40cm, and leveling is pushed up on ridge, and on ridge both sides, hook soil is padded, and ditch is made in centre
Shape；
3) seedling is selected in nursery：Using being of moderate size, without disease pest, the potato wedges without wound does potato seed carries out nursery, when the potato that potato wedges grows
When seedling length is 20-25cm, carry out heeling in numerous seedling, and pinching is pinched and promotes potato seedling growth branch；When the potato seedling growth length heeled in reaches 30-
During 35cm, cut and adopt the tender strong sprout of first paragraph of a length of 20-25cm and make seedling, and sterilization treatment is carried out to seedling；
4) plant：Planted in early July to mid-August, seedling transplant depth is 5-7cm, every mu transplanting 3000-3200 plants；
5) apply fertilizer：Base manure 1 time, foliar fertilizer 2 times are imposed in 1-5 month after planting；
6) diseases prevention：After planting diseases prevention liquid is sprayed in 1-2 month 1-2 times；
Wherein, the base manure is prepared from by the raw material of following weight portion：Farm manure 15-30 parts, the humic acid sustained Potassium release become thoroughly decomposed
Fertile 15-30 parts, carbon dust 10-23 parts, composite fertilizer 10-20 parts, cotton seed hull 8-15 parts become thoroughly decomposed, modified alta-mud 8-15 parts, micro- life
5-13 parts, alkyl sulfonic ester 2-5 parts, hydroxycarboxylate 1-3 parts and APES 1-3 parts of thing bacterial manure；
The foliar fertilizer is prepared from by the raw material of following weight portion：Red potassium 7-17 parts of 8-20 parts of titanium-containing blast furnace slag fertilizer, high energy,
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5-15 parts, amino acid fertilizer 3-10 parts, trace-element fertilizer 3-8 parts, benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt 1-5 parts and water 500-700
Part.
2. implantation methods of a kind of Ipomoea batatas according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the modified alta-mud is by following heavy
The raw material of amount part is well mixed to be made：Pig manure degradation solution is modified 12-23 parts of sodium bentonite, iron carbonyl overlay film bentonite 12-22
Part, 10-18 parts of iron carbonyl modified sodium bentonite and tannic acid modified bentonite 8-17 parts.
3. a kind of implantation methods of Ipomoea batatas according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the microbial-bacterial fertilizer is by following weight
The raw material of part is well mixed to be made：Azotobacter 8-12 parts, from mycorrhizal fungi 6-12 parts, rhizobium 5-10 parts and external bacterium
Mycorrhiza fungi 4-8 parts, colloid bacillus cereus 3-8 parts.
4. a kind of implantation methods of Ipomoea batatas according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the preparation of the titanium-containing blast furnace slag fertilizer
Method is：By weight, 16-30 parts of ammonium sulfate and 2-4 parts of titanium-containing blast furnace slag is weighed respectively, then by titanium-containing blast furnace slag
By adding ammonium sulfate after Water Quenching, 33-38min is heated at 320-330 DEG C, then cooled down, you can obtain the titaniferous
Blast furnace slag fertilizer.
5. a kind of implantation methods of Ipomoea batatas according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1) in, the fulvic acid is water-soluble
Liquid presses 1~1.5 by fulvic acid and water:6 ratio mixed dissolution is prepared.
6. a kind of implantation methods of Ipomoea batatas according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 3) in, the sterilization treatment is：
Using 700 times of liquid of 500 times of liquid of carbendazim colloidal suspending agent or thiophanate methyl, 6-8cm sections of immersion 10-15min of seedling base portion.
7. a kind of implantation methods of Ipomoea batatas according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 6) in, the diseases prevention liquid is by Huang
Rotten acid sodium and methyl cloth support Tianjin by volume 7:3 well mixed are made.
8. a kind of implantation methods of Ipomoea batatas according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the farm manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed by sheep manure,
Chicken manure, duck excrement and stalk are by weight 8:3:3:2 hybrid compostings 30-40 days are made.
9. a kind of implantation methods of Ipomoea batatas according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the base manure is by step system in detail below
Into：
(1) each raw material components of base manure are weighed by weight, then mix to uniformly, in temperature each raw material components
For 35-40 DEG C, humidity are 90% time placement 10-15 days, and stirred once every 3-5 days, that is, obtain base manure mixture, it is standby；
(2) humidity of base manure mixture is dropped into 30-35%, is then granulated with comminutor, obtain the base that particle diameter is 3-5mm
Fertile particle, the base manure particle that will be obtained is dried to water content and is less than 3%, you can obtain base manure of the invention.
10. a kind of implantation methods of Ipomoea batatas according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the foliar fertilizer by preparation method
For：Each raw material components of foliar fertilizer are weighed by weight, titanium-containing blast furnace slag fertilizer, the red potassium of high energy, the phosphorus that then will be weighed
Acid dihydride potassium, amino acid fertilizer, trace-element fertilizer and benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt are put into water, and stirring is obtained final product of the invention to dissolving
Foliar fertilizer.
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| CN109169100A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-11 | 鲍源 | Purple sweet potato cultural method |
| CN109511504A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-03-26 | 安徽省阜阳永祥良种服务有限责任公司 | A kind of sweet potato implantation methods |
| CN109729949A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-05-10 | 宝鸡市农业科学研究院 | The method for culturing seedlings of sweet potato in a kind of greenhouse |
| CN110839493A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-02-28 | 海南省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Sweet potato planting method capable of preventing diseases and insect pests |
| CN114342765A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-04-15 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) | Cultivation method for improving carbon fixation and emission reduction capability of sweet potatoes |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109169100A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-11 | 鲍源 | Purple sweet potato cultural method |
| CN109511504A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-03-26 | 安徽省阜阳永祥良种服务有限责任公司 | A kind of sweet potato implantation methods |
| CN109729949A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-05-10 | 宝鸡市农业科学研究院 | The method for culturing seedlings of sweet potato in a kind of greenhouse |
| CN110839493A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-02-28 | 海南省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Sweet potato planting method capable of preventing diseases and insect pests |
| CN114342765A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-04-15 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) | Cultivation method for improving carbon fixation and emission reduction capability of sweet potatoes |
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