CN106864242A - 混合动力驱动***、车辆及超级电容的工作流程 - Google Patents

混合动力驱动***、车辆及超级电容的工作流程 Download PDF

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CN106864242A
CN106864242A CN201710031886.XA CN201710031886A CN106864242A CN 106864242 A CN106864242 A CN 106864242A CN 201710031886 A CN201710031886 A CN 201710031886A CN 106864242 A CN106864242 A CN 106864242A
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super capacitor
electric machine
drive system
vehicle
output
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赵正飞
方雷
徐代友
何适
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AEROSPACE HEAVY ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT Co Ltd
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AEROSPACE HEAVY ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT Co Ltd
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/20—Control strategies involving selection of hybrid configuration, e.g. selection between series or parallel configuration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种混合动力驱动***，该***包括发电机(1)和超级电容(3)，发电机的动力源为燃气发动机，发电机通过整流单元(2)与电机控制器(5)的输入端连接，电机控制器的输出端与牵引电机(6)连接，超级电容通过双向DC‑DC变换器(4)并联于整流单元与电机控制器之间，整流单元与电机控制器之间还并联有制动电阻单元(7)。该***能够简便经济地实现燃气电容混合动力驱动以获得最佳经济效益。本发明还公开了使用上述混合动力驱动***的车辆以及该***中的超级电容的工作流程。

Description

混合动力驱动***、车辆及超级电容的工作流程
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆领域，特别是涉及一种燃气发动机和超级电容混合驱动控制技术。
背景技术
电传动矿用自卸车是大型露天矿主要运输装备，矿用自卸车在实际使用过程中，在空载、重载平地巡航、下坡、减速制动、装卸和怠速等待等工况造成柴油发动机的负荷率经常工作在低负荷状况。据估算，电动轮矿用车发动机的平均负荷率在40％左右，特别是在怠速等待时，发动机发出的全部能量消耗在机械损失上，效率为零，客观上造成了矿用自卸车发动机燃油经济性差，效率低、能耗高、排放大。然而，随着能源问题和环境问题的日趋严重和我国转变经济发展方式的不断深入，工矿企业对于“节能减排”的要求越来越强烈。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种能够简便经济地实现燃气电容混合动力驱动以获得最佳经济效益的混合动力驱动***、车辆及超级电容的工作流程。
本发明中的混合动力驱动***，包括发电机和超级电容，所述发电机的动力源为燃气发动机，所述发电机通过整流单元与电机控制器的输入端连接，所述电机控制器的输出端与牵引电机连接，所述超级电容通过双向DC-DC变换器并联于整流单元与电机控制器之间，所述整流单元与电机控制器之间还并联有制动电阻单元。
本发明中的混合动力驱动***，其中所述整流单元与电机控制器之间还并联有滤波电容。
本发明中的车辆，所述车辆安装有上述的混合动力驱动***。
本发明中的超级电容的工作流程，所述超级电容应用于上述混合动力驱动***，包括如下步骤：
(1)发电机发电，在驱动牵引电机的同时给超级电容充电，
(2)判断牵引电机的目标输出功率与实际输出功率之间的大小关系，
若目标输出功率大于实际输出功率，则超级电容放电，
若目标输出功率等于实际输出功率，则超级电容停止工作，
若目标输出功率小于实际输出功率，则超级电容充电并判断超级电容的电量是否小于额定容量，若超级电容的电量小于额定容量时，则超级电容充电，否则，超级电容停止工作；
(3)当步骤(2)的超级电容在放电、充电以及停止工作后均需重复进行步骤(2)。
本发明混合动力驱动***、车辆及超级电容的工作流程所使用的燃气属于清洁能源，因此燃气发动机在排放方面有着柴油发动机不可比拟的优势，节能环保，经济效益性高；超级电容最显著的特点之一就是使用寿命长，在其正常工作温度下，可对超级电容进行50万次以上的深度充放电，使用时间可达90000小时以上；超级电容充放电速度非常快，充放电电流大，由于其等效串联电阻很小，其功率损耗也很小；由于超级电容充放电过程是纯物理反应，对环境没有污染，所使用的材料也不含有重金属，正符合国家低碳环保，节能减排的要求。
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
附图说明
图1为本发明中的混合动力驱动***的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例中的整车功率增加以及燃气发动机和超级电容输出功率分配关系图；
图3为本发明中的超级电容的工作流程图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本发明中的混合动力驱动***，包括发电机1和超级电容3，所述发电机1的动力源为燃气发动机，所述发电机1通过整流单元2与电机控制器5的输入端连接，所述电机控制器5的输出端与牵引电机6连接，所述超级电容3通过双向DC-DC变换器4并联于整流单元2与电机控制器5之间，所述整流单元2与电机控制器5之间还并联有制动电阻单元7。
本发明中的混合动力驱动***，其中所述整流单元2与电机控制器5之间还并联有滤波电容8。
本发明中的车辆，所述车辆安装有上述的混合动力驱动***。
本实施例拟在已有HT5220多轴矿用自卸车的基础上，利用其双动力电传动基础，引进一台燃气发动机代替柴油发动机,引进一套超级电容***代替另一套动力机组，简便经济地实现燃气电容混合动力驱动，以获得最佳的经济效益。据调研,虽然市场上采用燃气动力的小吨位(50吨以下)矿车在某些燃气资源丰富的地区应用已比较广泛，但是目前市场上并没有220吨级及以上燃气动力矿车，对该技术领域的研究应用尚属空白。超级电容作为辅助动力源，在一些特定工况下和燃气发动机一起为车辆提供动力。
由于燃气发动机特性不满足矿用车加速及负载快速变化等工况，为了满足矿用车车况特定要求，需增加辅助动力源。当车辆启动加速、爬坡、或者过坑等需求功率快速变大时，辅助动力源能快速提供大功率输出，同时随着发动机输出功率增加，辅助动力的输出功率不断变小。直至发动机输出至目标功率时，辅助动力源停止功率输出。
超级电容在充放电过程中端电压变换范围很大，而负载在工作过程中一般需要一个稳定的电压，因此一般使用一个能量可以双向流动的电压变换装置将负载与超级电容连接在一起，实现电压稳定，但是加入该装置后***变的较为复杂，我们需要对电压变换装置的控制提出解决方案；超级电容组的计算选型、充放电控制、充放电工作逻辑控制及充放电的功率控制都是整车控制策略的重要组成部分，其控制的好坏直接关系到辅助动力***性能的优劣。
综合考虑到本实施例的功率需求及大功率燃气发动机的现状，选用了CAT的CG132-16型发动机，该发动机连续电功率为800kW。选用上海奥威的UCK42V28000型超级电容，为新型的锂离子电容器，功率密度大大增加，电容器成组后可达到20wh/kg。
超级电容组设计方案：
超级电容储能公式为E＝C×(V12-V22)/2(单位：J)。其中，V1为超级电容器充电终止电压，V2为超级电容器充电起始电压。本项目中采用AC660V交流电，满载时整流成直流则为845Vdc。因此V1定为845v，V2为400v。
超级电容选配原则：
1)超级电容器从电压V2充电至电压V1时能存储的能量应不低于电容最大输出的能量。
2)超级电容的功率密度与质量之积应不低于电容输出最大功率。
如图2所示，图2反映了整车功率增加以及燃气发动机和超级电容输出功率分配关系。整车功率15s内从0升至700kW，燃气发动机功率75s内从0升至700kW，期间功率缺口由超级电容补齐。根据图2可以算出0～75时间内，整车需要14.6kWh能量，需要由超级电容输出的的能量为5.83kWh，考虑到余量取6kW。采用3并313串共919块单体电容。其储能根据公式E＝C×(V12-V22)/2得出E＝26316187J合计为7.31kWh。根据电容参数计算919块电容质量为1.23T，能量密度为7.15Wh/kg。得出总能量为8.84kWh。满足本项目需求能量6kWh要求。功率密度为6.78kW/kg，得出总功率为8380kW，满足本项目700kW功率要求。
双向DC-DC电压变换器属于直流变换器的双象限运行，可以实现能量的双向传输。双向DC-DC变换器可以分为隔离式和非隔离式两种。从实施例实际应用角度考虑，选用非隔离式的DC-DC变换器。常见的拓扑结构有Buck、Boost、半桥、Cuk、Zeta等变换器，采用IGBT作为控制执行元件。
本发明中的超级电容的工作流程，所述超级电容应用于上述混合动力驱动***，包括如下步骤：
(1)发电机发电，在驱动牵引电机的同时给超级电容充电，
(2)判断牵引电机的目标输出功率与实际输出功率之间的大小关系，
若目标输出功率大于实际输出功率，则超级电容放电，
若目标输出功率等于实际输出功率，则超级电容停止工作，
若目标输出功率小于实际输出功率，则超级电容充电并判断超级电容的电量是否小于额定容量，若超级电容的电量小于额定容量时，则超级电容充电，否则，超级电容停止工作；
(3)当步骤(2)的超级电容在放电、充电以及停止工作后均需重复进行步骤(2)。
如图3所示，上述超级电容的控制方式控制逻辑均由整车控制器实现，控制策略如下：
1、发电机开始发电后，燃气发动机需对超级电容快速充电，尽快建立起辅助动力源能量储备；
2、整车目标输出功率Pobject(即牵引电机的目标输出功率)大于实际输出功率Pactual(即牵引电机的实际输出功率)时，超级电容迅速放电，满足整车的功率需求。同时，燃气发动机输出功率按照设定的速率增大功率，相应地超级电容为满足目标输出功率不断地降低输出功率，最终达到燃气发动机的实际输出功率等于整车目标输出功率。
3、整车目标输出功率Pobject小于实际输出功率Pactual时，根据超级电容电量SOC状态判断是否为充电或者停止状态。当电容电量SOCe低于额定容量SOCa时，发动机输出功率对电容进行充电，充电时，整车需求功率+充电功率<700KW；检测电容电量达到额定容量后，停止充电，此时发动机输出功率才允许降低，电容此时处于停止状态。
本发明混合动力驱动***、车辆及超级电容的工作流程所使用的燃气属于清洁能源，因此燃气发动机在排放方面有着柴油发动机不可比拟的优势，节能环保，经济效益性高；超级电容最显著的特点之一就是使用寿命长，在其正常工作温度下，可对超级电容进行50万次以上的深度充放电，使用时间可达90000小时以上；超级电容充放电速度非常快，充放电电流大，由于其等效串联电阻很小，其功率损耗也很小；由于超级电容充放电过程是纯物理反应，对环境没有污染，所使用的材料也不含有重金属，正符合国家低碳环保，节能减排的要求。
以上所述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。

Claims (4)

1.一种混合动力驱动***，其特征在于：包括发电机(1)和超级电容(3)，所述发电机的动力源为燃气发动机，所述发电机通过整流单元(2)与电机控制器(5)的输入端连接，所述电机控制器的输出端与牵引电机(6)连接，所述超级电容通过双向DC-DC变换器(4)并联于整流单元与电机控制器之间，所述整流单元与电机控制器之间还并联有制动电阻单元(7)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力驱动***，其特征在于：所述整流单元(2)与电机控制器(5)之间还并联有滤波电容(8)。
3.一种车辆，其特征在于：所述车辆安装有权利要求1～2任一项所述的混合动力驱动***。
4.一种权利要求1～2任一项所述混合动力驱动***中的超级电容的工作流程，包括如下步骤：
(1)发电机发电，在驱动牵引电机的同时给超级电容充电，
(2)判断牵引电机的目标输出功率与实际输出功率之间的大小关系，
若目标输出功率大于实际输出功率，则超级电容放电，
若目标输出功率等于实际输出功率，则超级电容停止工作，
若目标输出功率小于实际输出功率，则超级电容充电并判断超级电容的电量是否小于额定容量，若超级电容的电量小于额定容量时，则超级电容充电，否则，超级电容停止工作；
(3)当步骤(2)的超级电容在放电、充电以及停止工作后均需重复进行步骤(2)。
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