CN106862694A - A kind of method of functionally gradient material (FGM) method soldering stainless steel and hard alloy - Google Patents
A kind of method of functionally gradient material (FGM) method soldering stainless steel and hard alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN106862694A CN106862694A CN201710221773.6A CN201710221773A CN106862694A CN 106862694 A CN106862694 A CN 106862694A CN 201710221773 A CN201710221773 A CN 201710221773A CN 106862694 A CN106862694 A CN 106862694A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
- B23K1/206—Cleaning
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
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- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of method of functionally gradient material (FGM) method soldering stainless steel and hard alloy, is related to a kind of method of soldering stainless steel and hard alloy.The present invention is in order in the soldering connection technology for solving existing hard alloy and stainless steel, welding point forms a large amount of weld defects and the larger problem of welding point residual stress in welding process.Method：1st, composite soldering powder is prepared；2nd, stir；3rd, composite soldering paillon foil is prepared；4th, stainless steel, hard alloy, metallic intermediate layer and composite soldering powder cleaning, are stacked in and part to be welded are obtained in graphite fixture；5th, soldering.The present invention carries out assistant brazing using the method for functionally gradient material (FGM) to hard alloy and stainless steel, by functionally gradient material (FGM) method, greatly alleviates the influence that difference of linear expansion carrys out band, weakens residual stress, eliminates weld defect.The present invention is applied to stainless steel and carbide quartz welding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of functionally gradient material (FGM) method soldering stainless steel and the method for hard alloy
Background technology
Hard alloy is to pass through powder metallurgy process by the metal such as high rigidity and high duty metal carbide and Fe, Co, Ni
The alloy for obtaining.Carbide in this alloy makes alloy have hardness and wearability high, and metallic matrix in this alloy
Assign alloy good red hardness and thermal conductivity again；Due to its superior property, it is used for manufacture cutting tool, cutter and wear-resisting
Parts, are described as " tooth of industry ", and this alloy is also widely used in military project, space flight and aviation, machining, oil
Drilling well, building, the various industries such as instrument in ore deposit.Although hard alloy has a protruded above premium properties, poor impact toughness,
It is expensive, it is difficult to be applied integrally to machinery, therefore use in the prior art with steel structure connection as functional form part, and profit more
With the plasticity and toughness of steel construction and structural and realization and the performance complement of hard alloy, structural advantage is played jointly；To ensure to tie
The durability of structure, uses stainless steel the steel in steel construction more, thus hard alloy have with the jointing of stainless steel it is huge
Economic worth and performance advantage.But in the high intensity such as cutting, excavation, drilling well, overheat, the complicated severe situation of operating mode to hard
Alloy is very strict with the connection request of stainless steel.
Soldering connection applies relatively wide in terms of dissimilar metal connection, and is directed to the connection of hard alloy-stainless joint
The problems for facing：First, the physical property such as the linear expansion coefficient of dissimilar metal, elastic modelling quantity difference is huge, directly carries out
Soldering certainly will cause the excessive problem of residual stress, and then the problems such as cause crack initiation or weld cracking；Secondly, the group of the two
Differed greatly into element, it is improper from solder, the wetting to mother metal and metallurgical reaction will be influenceed, and then form incomplete fusion, stomata
Etc. defect；Again, because of situations such as working long hours or cooling down deficiency, structure overheat is caused unavoidably, cause brazing filler metal melts or knot
Structure is broken.Case above seriously threatens economic benefit and generation safety, therefore need to develop a kind of guarantee hard alloy and stainless steel
It is reliably connected, and with the welding method of certain heat resistance.
For the excessive problem of residual stress, the soft intermediate layer using linear expansion coefficient between dissimilar metal therebetween
Assistant brazing, is a kind of usage of more universal alleviation residual stress.The method is using the moderate line expansion in soft intermediate layer
Coefficient forms transition, reduces the physical property difference of mother metal, and by its plasticity it is preferable the characteristics of, further release is remaining should
Power；Also there is a small amount of intermediate layer element to be dissolved in solder in welding process, improve solder performance, soft intermediate layer is more suitable for weldering
The larger mother metal of wiring expansion coefficient difference；And the presence in intermediate layer also can control the dispersal behavior of element, can avoid mother metal
Excessive harmful brittle product is formed between element.To reinforcement particle assistant brazing is added in solder, be also it is a kind of more
The method of universal reinforcing joint.The method neutralizes the coefficient of expansion of solder using the low linear expansion coefficient of reinforcement particle,
Make it more suitable for the larger mother metal of welding difference of linear expansion；Meanwhile, refined crystalline strengthening, dispersion-strengtherning of reinforcement particle etc.
Effect can make strength of joint, toughness have a distinct increment, it is ensured that welding quality；Furthermore, the combination of reinforcement particle and matrix is anti-
A certain amount of solder element should be consumed, appropriate reinforcement particle can control formation and the interface behavior of phase, it is to avoid by
Welding quality is influenceed in the formation of excessive intermetallic compound.
Although both the above has many advantages, such as and method is ripe, for some hard alloy such as linear expansion coefficient for 6 ×
10-6Mm/ DEG C of hard alloy and some stainless steels such as linear expansion coefficient are 16 × 10-6Mm/ DEG C of stainless steel carries out soldering soldering
When, because both difference of linear expansion are excessive, the single of both the above method uses, and can not play one's part to the full.And with
Copper base solder or copper-based intermediate layer being used upper two methods, both approaches cannot ensure heat resistance and high temperature demands more.
The content of the invention
The present invention was in order in the soldering connection technology for solving existing hard alloy and stainless steel, welding point was being welded
A large amount of weld defects and the larger problem of welding point residual stress are formed in journey, it is proposed that a kind of functionally gradient material (FGM) method soldering is stainless
The method of steel and hard alloy；
A kind of method of functionally gradient material (FGM) method soldering stainless steel and hard alloy, is specifically carried out according to the following steps：
First, to the composite soldering powder of the reinforcement particle acquisition reinforcement content high that 10~30wt% is added in solder powder
End, to the composite soldering powder of the reinforcement particle low reinforcement content of acquisition that 1~10wt% is added in solder powder；
The solder powder is Ni-Cr-B-Si alloy powders, Ni-Cr-B-Si-Mo alloy powders or Ni-Cr-B-Si-
Mo-Cu alloy powders；The reinforcement particle is SiC particulate, WC particle or Cr3C2Particle；
2nd, the composite soldering powder of the composite soldering powder of reinforcement content high and low reinforcement content is respectively put into not
In rust steel agitator tank, 1~3h is stirred under the conditions of rotating speed is 250~300rpm；
3rd, the compound pricker of the composite soldering powder of the reinforcement content high for respectively obtaining step 2 and low reinforcement content
Feed powder end is fitted into mortar, and respectively to the liquid adhesive that 1~10wt% is added in mortar, then stirs 1~20min and obtain
, then be poured on the mixture in mortar on smooth rubber sheet gasket respectively by mixture, strikes off rear natural drying, treats rubber sheet gasket
On mixture shaping after obtain solder, the solder that will be obtained using mono-roller type roll mill is rolled into thickness for 50~400 μm
Paillon foil, the paillon foil that thickness is 50~400 μm is cut into regular bulk, be finally putting into drying baker, be heated to 500~700
DEG C and be incubated 1~10h, the composite soldering paillon foil of reinforcement content high and the composite soldering paper tinsel of low reinforcement content are obtained after cooling
Piece；The liquid adhesive is the mixture of nitrocellulose and octyl acetate, and the content of nitrocellulose is 0.1mol/ in mixture
L；It is described to be finally putting into drying baker, with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min~20 DEG C/min to 500~700 DEG C and be incubated 1~
10h, obtains the composite soldering paillon foil of reinforcement content high or the composite soldering paillon foil of low reinforcement content after cooling；
4th, the composite soldering paper tinsel of the reinforcement content high for obtaining stainless steel, hard alloy, metallic intermediate layer, step 3
The composite soldering paillon foil of the low reinforcement content that piece and step 3 are obtained is respectively successively with 200 mesh, 400 mesh, 600 mesh and 800 mesh
Sand papering is two-sided, then respectively with acetone ultrasound pretreatment 10min~20min, obtains removing the stainless steel of surface impurity, hard
The composite soldering paillon foil of matter alloy, metallic intermediate layer, the composite soldering paillon foil of reinforcement content high and low reinforcement content；Then
To from top to bottom hard alloy, the composite soldering paillon foil of reinforcement content high, metallic intermediate layer, the low enhancing of surface impurity be removed
The composite soldering paillon foil and stainless steel of body content are stacked, and obtain part to be welded；
The stainless steel be 1Cr18Ni9 stainless steels, 0Cr19Ni9 stainless steels, 1Cr13 stainless steels, 3Cr13 stainless steels or
Crl7 stainless steels；The hard alloy is YG6 alloys, YG6C alloys, YG8 alloys, YG15 alloys or YG20C alloys；In described
Interbed metal is pure Fe paillon foils or pure Ni paillon foils；
5th, the part to be welded that step 4 is obtained is placed between graphite fixture, part to be welded is pressed from both sides with graphite and be in close contact, then
Graphite fixture and part to be welded are placed in vacuum brazing furnace, it is 1 × 10 in pressure-4~5 × 10-3Pa and temperature be 900~
5~40min is incubated under conditions of 1300 DEG C, room temperature is then cooled to the cooling rate of 2~10 DEG C/min, that is, completed；It is described
The thickness of metallic intermediate layer is 50 μm~200 μm.
The method of functionally gradient material (FGM) method soldering stainless steel of the present invention and hard alloy receives principle and is：During the inventive method is utilized
The low linear expansion coefficient of interbed metal and the low linear expansion coefficient of reinforcement particle, adjust the coefficient of expansion of solder system, are formed
Linear expansion coefficient into graded solder system, to solve because of the difference of linear expansion coefficient and caused by residual stress it is excessive
Problem, further eliminates weld defect, it is ensured that welding quality；The controllable joint microstructure of the addition of reinforcement, reinforcing joint mechanics
Performance；And the heat-resisting quantity using nickel-based solder ensure that the reliability of joint hot operation.
The present invention possesses following beneficial effect：
1st, the present invention carries out assistant brazing using the method for functionally gradient material (FGM) to hard alloy and stainless steel, by functionally gradient material (FGM)
Method, greatly alleviates the influence that difference of linear expansion carrys out band, weakens residual stress, eliminates weld defect, and fully sends out
Wave the effect in intermediate layer and reinforcement, it is ensured that welding quality；First using Fe, Ni simple metal paillon foil as intermediate layer, hard is closed
Golden side uses the Ni sills of reinforcement content high, and stainless steel side is formed whole using the Ni sills of the same race of low reinforcement content
The solder system of body linear expansion coefficient graded, can obtain mechanical property more preferably, and resistant to elevated temperatures soldered fitting；
2nd, the selection in Fe, Ni intermediate layer of the present invention meets that low linear expansion coefficient, plasticity are good etc. to be required, can alleviate well
Residual stress；And its element is identical with mother metal or solder, not only ensure joint quality, more ensure joint corrosion resistance and strong
Degree, will not produce unnecessary harmful phase；The presence in intermediate layer simultaneously can be prevented because expanding with stabilizing material reinforcement content everywhere
Dissipate, the gradient effect that reinforcement motion is caused disappears；
3rd, the physical property such as linear expansion coefficient of the adjustable solder of the addition of reinforcement of the present invention, and further control chemical combination
The generation of thing, invigoration effect can improve joint mechanical property；Particularly in hard alloy side, the solder of reinforcement content high is similar to
In hard alloy, make hard alloy with solder interface performance will not be produced to be mutated, form weakness zone, will not also produce because of routine
Threshing that the diffusion of solder and hard alloy, reaction are produced, it is loose situations such as；
4th, the present invention chooses nickel-based solder, and the dissolving of mother metal, Interlayer Alloy can be satisfied with first, can be formed with solid solution
Interfacial structure based on body, supplemented by compound, it is ensured that good joint performance, the similitude of contained element and mother metal can prevent because
The mother metal performance transition for producing is spread, and because solder and mother metal, the good wettability in intermediate layer can eliminate the defects such as incomplete fusion；
The outstanding high-temperature working performance of nickel-based solder can ensure the heat resistant requirements of joint；And nickel-based solder is arranged in pairs or groups with selected intermediate layer,
Stainless composition of steel can be formed or with solder composition, ensure that reliable corrosion resistance both this, prevented because of the addition in intermediate layer
The joint corrosion fracture of generation；Furthermore, it is Ni-based to have good wetability with selected reinforcement, reliable faying face be formed, fill
The effect of reinforcement is waved in distribution；
5th, present invention process process is simple, though principle is similar to functionally gradient material (FGM), and it is simpler than manufacture functionally gradient material (FGM) material
It is many, it is as good as with conventional brazing process, and have addition intermediate layer, the effect of reinforcement concurrently, and working well, high-temperature behavior is excellent, nothing
Weld defect, soldering processes are workable, can be widely applied to high-volume industrial production；
6th, the stainless steel and the average room temperature shear strength of Carbide Joint that the present invention is obtained are 557~600MPa, are put down
Equal elevated temperature strength is 340~404MPa.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is the sample assembling schematic diagram of functionally gradient material (FGM) method soldering stainless steel of the present invention and hard alloy；
Wherein, 1 is upper graphite fixture, and 2 is hard alloy, and 3 is the composite soldering paillon foil of reinforcement content high, and 4 is centre
Layer metal, 5 is the composite soldering paillon foil of low reinforcement content, and 6 is stainless steel, and 7 is lower graphite fixture.
Specific embodiment：
Technical solution of the present invention is not limited to act specific embodiment set forth below, also including between each specific embodiment
Any reasonable combination.
Specific embodiment one：Present embodiment is illustrated with reference to Fig. 1, a kind of functionally gradient material (FGM) method soldering of present embodiment is stainless
Method the method for steel and hard alloy is specifically carried out according to the following steps：
First, to the composite soldering powder of the reinforcement particle acquisition reinforcement content high that 10~30wt% is added in solder powder
End, to the composite soldering powder of the reinforcement particle low reinforcement content of acquisition that 1~10wt% is added in solder powder；
2nd, the composite soldering powder of the composite soldering powder of reinforcement content high and low reinforcement content is respectively put into not
In rust steel agitator tank, 1~3h is stirred under the conditions of rotating speed is 250~300rpm；
3rd, the compound pricker of the composite soldering powder of the reinforcement content high for respectively obtaining step 2 and low reinforcement content
Feed powder end is fitted into mortar, and respectively to the liquid adhesive that 1~10wt% is added in mortar, then stirs 1~20min and obtain
, then be poured on the mixture in mortar on smooth rubber sheet gasket respectively by mixture, strikes off rear natural drying, treats rubber sheet gasket
On mixture shaping after obtain solder, the solder that will be obtained using mono-roller type roll mill is rolled into thickness for 50~400 μm
Paillon foil, the paillon foil that thickness is 50~400 μm is cut into regular bulk, be finally putting into drying baker, be heated to 500~700
DEG C and be incubated 1~10h, the composite soldering paillon foil of reinforcement content high and the composite soldering paper tinsel of low reinforcement content are obtained after cooling
Piece；
4th, the composite soldering paper tinsel of the reinforcement content high for obtaining stainless steel, hard alloy, metallic intermediate layer, step 3
The composite soldering paillon foil of the low reinforcement content that piece and step 3 are obtained is respectively successively with 200 mesh, 400 mesh, 600 mesh and 800 mesh
Sand papering is two-sided, then respectively with acetone ultrasound pretreatment 10min~20min, obtains removing the stainless steel of surface impurity, hard
The composite soldering paillon foil of matter alloy, metallic intermediate layer, the composite soldering paillon foil of reinforcement content high and low reinforcement content；Then
To from top to bottom hard alloy, the composite soldering paillon foil of reinforcement content high, metallic intermediate layer, the low enhancing of surface impurity be removed
The composite soldering paillon foil and stainless steel of body content are stacked, and obtain part to be welded；
5th, the part to be welded that step 4 is obtained is placed between graphite fixture, part to be welded is pressed from both sides with graphite and be in close contact, then
Graphite fixture and part to be welded are placed in vacuum brazing furnace, it is 1 × 10 in pressure-4~5 × 10-3Pa and temperature be 900~
5~40min is incubated under conditions of 1300 DEG C, room temperature is then cooled to the cooling rate of 2~10 DEG C/min, that is, completed.
Present embodiment possesses following beneficial effect：
1st, present embodiment carries out assistant brazing using the method for functionally gradient material (FGM) to hard alloy and stainless steel, by gradient
Material method, greatly alleviates the influence that difference of linear expansion carrys out band, weakens residual stress, eliminates weld defect, and fills
The effect in intermediate layer and reinforcement is waved in distribution, it is ensured that welding quality；First using Fe, Ni simple metal paillon foil as intermediate layer, firmly
Matter alloy side uses the Ni sills of reinforcement content high, and stainless steel side uses the Ni sills of the same race of low reinforcement content, shape
The solder system of integral linear expansion coefficient graded, can obtain mechanical property more preferably, and resistant to elevated temperatures soldered fitting；
2nd, the selection in present embodiment Fe, Ni intermediate layer meets that low linear expansion coefficient, plasticity are good etc. to be required, can be well
Alleviate residual stress；And its element is identical with mother metal or solder, not only ensure joint quality, more ensure joint corrosion resistance and
Intensity, will not produce unnecessary harmful phase；Simultaneously intermediate layer presence can with stabilizing material reinforcement content everywhere, prevent because
The gradient effect that diffusion, reinforcement motion are caused disappears.
3rd, the physical property such as linear expansion coefficient of the adjustable solder of the addition of present embodiment reinforcement, and further control
The generation of compound, invigoration effect can improve joint mechanical property；Particularly in hard alloy side, the solder of reinforcement content high
Similar to hard alloy, make hard alloy with solder interface performance will not be produced to be mutated, formed weakness zone, will not also produce because
Threshing that the diffusion of conventional solder and hard alloy, reaction are produced, it is loose situations such as.
4th, present embodiment choose nickel-based solder, the dissolving of mother metal, Interlayer Alloy can be satisfied with first, can be formed with
Interfacial structure based on solid solution, supplemented by compound, it is ensured that good joint performance, contained element can be prevented with the similitude of mother metal
Only because of the mother metal performance transition that diffusion is produced, and because solder and mother metal, the good wettability in intermediate layer can eliminate incomplete fusion etc.
Defect；The outstanding high-temperature working performance of nickel-based solder can ensure the heat resistant requirements of joint；And nickel-based solder and selected intermediate layer
Collocation, can form stainless composition of steel or with solder composition, ensure that reliable corrosion resistance both this, prevent because intermediate layer plus
The joint corrosion fracture for entering and producing；Furthermore, it is Ni-based to have good wetability with selected reinforcement, reliable combination be formed
Face, gives full play to the effect of reinforcement；
5th, present embodiment technical process is simple, though principle is similar to functionally gradient material (FGM), than the material letter of manufacture functionally gradient material (FGM)
Single is more, is as good as with conventional brazing process, and has addition intermediate layer, the effect of reinforcement concurrently, works well, and high-temperature behavior is excellent
Different, welding defect, soldering processes are workable, can be widely applied to high-volume industrial production.
6th, present embodiment is obtained stainless steel and the average room temperature shear strength of the hard alloy end be 557~
600MPa, average elevated temperature strength is 340~404MPa.
Specific embodiment two：Present embodiment from unlike specific embodiment one：Solder powder described in step one
It is Ni-Cr-B-Si alloy powders, Ni-Cr-B-Si-Mo alloy powders or Ni-Cr-B-Si-Mo-Cu alloy powders.Other steps
It is identical with specific embodiment one with parameter.
Specific embodiment three：Present embodiment from unlike specific embodiment one or two：Strengthen described in step one
Body particle is SiC particulate, WC particle or Cr3C2Particle.Other steps and parameter are identical with specific embodiment one or two.
Specific embodiment four：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to three：Described in step 3
Liquid adhesive is the mixture of nitrocellulose and octyl acetate.One of other steps and parameter and specific embodiment one to three
It is identical.
Specific embodiment five：Present embodiment from unlike specific embodiment four：Liquid described in step 3 is bonded
The content of nitrocellulose is 0.1mol/L in agent.Other steps and parameter are identical with specific embodiment four.
Specific embodiment six：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to five：Described in step 3
Be finally putting into drying baker, with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min~20 DEG C/min to 500~700 DEG C and be incubated 1~10h, it is cold
But the composite soldering paillon foil of reinforcement content high or the composite soldering paillon foil of low reinforcement content are obtained afterwards.Other steps and parameter
It is identical with one of specific embodiment one to five.
Specific embodiment seven：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to six：Described in step 4
Stainless steel is 1Cr18Ni9 stainless steels, 0Cr19Ni9 stainless steels, 1Cr13 stainless steels, 3Cr13 stainless steels or Crl7 stainless steels.Its
His step and parameter are identical with one of specific embodiment one to six.
Specific embodiment eight：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to seven：Described in step 4
Hard alloy is YG6 alloys, YG6C alloys, YG8 alloys, YG15 alloys or YG20C alloys.Other steps and parameter and specific reality
Apply one of mode one to seven identical.
Specific embodiment nine：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to eight：Described in step 4
Metallic intermediate layer is pure Fe paillon foils or pure Ni paillon foils.Other steps and parameter are identical with one of specific embodiment one to eight.
Specific embodiment ten：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to nine：Described in step 5
The thickness of metallic intermediate layer is 50 μm~200 μm.Other steps and parameter are identical with one of specific embodiment one to nine.
Embodiment 1：
The method of the present embodiment functionally gradient material (FGM) method soldering stainless steel and hard alloy, is specifically carried out according to the following steps：
First, to the composite soldering powder of the reinforcement particle acquisition reinforcement content high that 14wt% is added in solder powder,
To the composite soldering powder of the reinforcement particle low reinforcement content of acquisition that 4wt% is added in solder powder；The solder powder
It is Ni-Cr-B-Si alloy powders；The reinforcement particle is SiC particulate；
2nd, the composite soldering powder of the composite soldering powder of reinforcement content high and low reinforcement content is respectively put into not
In rust steel agitator tank, 2h is stirred under the conditions of rotating speed is 300rpm；
3rd, the compound pricker of the composite soldering powder of the reinforcement content high for respectively obtaining step 2 and low reinforcement content
Feed powder end is fitted into mortar, and respectively to the liquid adhesive that 5wt% is added in mortar, then stirs 10min and obtain mixture,
Then the mixture in mortar is poured on smooth rubber sheet gasket respectively, strikes off rear natural drying, treat mixed on rubber sheet gasket
Solder is obtained after compound shaping, the solder that will be obtained using mono-roller type roll mill is rolled into the paillon foil that thickness is 100 μm, by thickness
The paillon foil spent for 100 μm cuts into regular bulk, is finally putting into drying baker, is heated to 640 DEG C and is incubated 4h, is obtained after cooling
The composite soldering paillon foil of the composite soldering paillon foil of reinforcement content high or low reinforcement content；The liquid adhesive is fine for nitrification
The mixture of dimension and octyl acetate, the wherein content of nitrocellulose are 0.1mol/L,；It is described to be finally putting into drying baker, with 15
DEG C/rate of heat addition of min is heated to 640 DEG C and is incubated 4h, obtained after cooling reinforcement content high composite soldering paillon foil and
The composite soldering paillon foil of low reinforcement content；
4th, the composite soldering paper tinsel of the reinforcement content high for obtaining stainless steel, hard alloy, metallic intermediate layer, step 3
The composite soldering paillon foil of the low reinforcement content that piece and step 3 are obtained is respectively successively with 200 mesh, 400 mesh, 600 mesh and 800 mesh
Sand papering is two-sided, then respectively with acetone ultrasound pretreatment 10min~20min, obtains removing the stainless steel of surface impurity, hard
The composite soldering paillon foil of matter alloy, metallic intermediate layer, the composite soldering paillon foil of reinforcement content high and low reinforcement content；Then
To from top to bottom hard alloy, the composite soldering paillon foil of reinforcement content high, metallic intermediate layer, the low enhancing of surface impurity be removed
The composite soldering paillon foil and stainless steel of body content are stacked, and obtain part to be welded；
The stainless steel is 1Cr18Ni9 stainless steels；The hard alloy is YG6 alloys；The metallic intermediate layer is pure Ni
Paillon foil；
5th, the part to be welded that step 4 is obtained is placed between graphite fixture, part to be welded is pressed from both sides with graphite and be in close contact, then
Graphite fixture and part to be welded are placed in vacuum brazing furnace, it is 1 × 10 in pressure-4~5 × 10-3Pa and temperature are 1040 DEG C
Under the conditions of be incubated 20min, room temperature is then cooled to the cooling rate of 5 DEG C/min, that is, complete；The thickness of the metallic intermediate layer
It is 80 μm.
The hard alloy that the present embodiment is obtained is good with stainless joint intensity, and high-temperature behavior is good, does not there is clearly visible
The defect such as crackle, average room temperature shear strength is 600MPa, and average elevated temperature strength is 404MPa.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of functionally gradient material (FGM) method soldering stainless steel and hard alloy, it is characterised in that：The method specifically presses following step
Suddenly carry out：
First, to the composite soldering powder of the reinforcement particle acquisition reinforcement content high that 10~30wt% is added in solder powder,
To the composite soldering powder of the reinforcement particle low reinforcement content of acquisition that 1~10wt% is added in solder powder；
2nd, the composite soldering powder of the composite soldering powder of reinforcement content high and low reinforcement content is respectively put into stainless steel
In agitator tank, 1~3h is stirred under the conditions of rotating speed is 250~300rpm；
3rd, the composite soldering powder of the composite soldering powder of the reinforcement content high for respectively obtaining step 2 and low reinforcement content
End is fitted into mortar, and respectively to the liquid adhesive that 1~10wt% is added in mortar, then stirs 1~20min and mixed
, then be poured on the mixture in mortar on smooth rubber sheet gasket respectively by thing, strikes off rear natural drying, treats on rubber sheet gasket
Solder is obtained after mixture shaping, the solder that will be obtained using mono-roller type roll mill is rolled into the paper tinsel that thickness is 50~400 μm
Piece, regular bulk is cut into by the paillon foil that thickness is 50~400 μm, is finally putting into drying baker, is heated to 500~700 DEG C simultaneously
1~10h of insulation, obtains the composite soldering paillon foil of reinforcement content high and the composite soldering paillon foil of low reinforcement content after cooling；
4th, the composite soldering paillon foil of the reinforcement content high for obtaining stainless steel, hard alloy, metallic intermediate layer, step 3 and
The composite soldering paillon foil of the low reinforcement content that step 3 is obtained is respectively successively with 200 mesh, 400 mesh, 600 mesh and 800 mesh sand paper
Polishing is two-sided, is then obtained the stainless steel of removal surface impurity, hard and is closed with acetone ultrasound pretreatment 10min~20min respectively
The composite soldering paillon foil of gold, metallic intermediate layer, the composite soldering paillon foil of reinforcement content high and low reinforcement content；Then by upper
Contain to the lower hard alloy that will remove surface impurity, the composite soldering paillon foil of reinforcement content high, metallic intermediate layer, low reinforcement
The composite soldering paillon foil and stainless steel of amount are stacked, and obtain part to be welded；
5th, the part to be welded that step 4 is obtained is placed between graphite fixture, part to be welded is pressed from both sides with graphite and be in close contact, then by stone
Black fixture and part to be welded are placed in vacuum brazing furnace, are 1 × 10 in pressure-4~5 × 10-3Pa and temperature are 900~1300 DEG C
Under the conditions of be incubated 5~40min, room temperature is then cooled to the cooling rate of 2~10 DEG C/min, that is, complete.
2. the method for functionally gradient material (FGM) method soldering stainless steel according to claim 1 and hard alloy, it is characterised in that：Step
Solder powder described in one is that Ni-Cr-B-Si alloy powders, Ni-Cr-B-Si-Mo alloy powders or Ni-Cr-B-Si-Mo-Cu are closed
Bronze end.
3. the method for functionally gradient material (FGM) method soldering stainless steel according to claim 1 and hard alloy, it is characterised in that：Step
Reinforcement particle described in one is SiC particulate, WC particle or Cr3C2Particle.
4. the method for functionally gradient material (FGM) method soldering stainless steel according to claim 1 and hard alloy, it is characterised in that：Step
Liquid adhesive described in three is the mixture of nitrocellulose and octyl acetate.
5. the method for functionally gradient material (FGM) method soldering stainless steel according to claim 4 and hard alloy, it is characterised in that：Step
The content of nitrocellulose is 0.1mol/L in liquid adhesive described in three.
6. the method for functionally gradient material (FGM) method soldering stainless steel according to claim 1 and hard alloy, it is characterised in that：Step
Be finally putting into drying baker described in three, with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min~20 DEG C/min to 500~700 DEG C and be incubated 1~
10h, obtains the composite soldering paillon foil of reinforcement content high or the composite soldering paillon foil of low reinforcement content after cooling.
7. the method for functionally gradient material (FGM) method soldering stainless steel according to claim 1 and hard alloy, it is characterised in that：Step
Stainless steel described in four is that 1Cr18Ni9 stainless steels, 0Cr19Ni9 stainless steels, 1Cr13 stainless steels, 3Cr13 stainless steels or Crl7 are stainless
Steel.
8. the method for functionally gradient material (FGM) method soldering stainless steel according to claim 1 and hard alloy, it is characterised in that：Step
Hard alloy described in four is YG6 alloys, YG6C alloys, YG8 alloys, YG15 alloys or YG20C alloys.
9. the method for functionally gradient material (FGM) method soldering stainless steel according to claim 1 and hard alloy, it is characterised in that：Step
Metallic intermediate layer described in four is pure Fe paillon foils or pure Ni paillon foils.
10. the method for functionally gradient material (FGM) method soldering stainless steel according to claim 1 and hard alloy, it is characterised in that：Step
The thickness of metallic intermediate layer described in rapid five is 50 μm~200 μm.
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