CN106858595A - 一种烧伤专用型临床营养配方及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种烧伤专用型临床营养配方及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种烧伤专用型临床营养配方，包括蛋白质和氨基酸、核苷酸、脂肪、碳水化合物、膳食纤维、常量元素、微量元素、维生素、膳***华、药食同源成分、天然植物化合物和新资源食品；其中氨基酸包括L‑谷氨酰胺、L‑精氨酸、牛磺酸；药食同源成分包括薄荷、茯苓、木瓜、蒲公英、酸枣仁、金银花；其制备方法为：各组分均预先制成粉末，然后制成相应的剂型，其中药食同源成分进行水提浓缩、喷雾干燥制成粉末，维生素和脂肪通过微胶囊化处理制成粉末；或通过湿法工艺对各组分进行乳化均质、喷雾干燥制成粉末。与现有技术相比，本发明所述的营养配方能纠正烧伤患者的异常病理、生理改变，增强患者的免疫力和抗感染能力，全面维持机体的正常功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及肠内营养制剂领域，具体涉及一种烧伤专用型临床营养配方及其制备方法。
背景技术
烧伤是热力引起皮肤或其它组织的损害，主要指皮肤或黏膜，严重者也可伤及皮下或黏膜下组织，如肌肉、骨、关节甚至内脏。面积大、深度多的严重烧伤，可引起全身一系列的生理紊乱，如神经、内分泌、呼吸、******；各主要脏器的功能与代谢以及免疫反应都发生变化，烧伤是一种全身性损害的创伤，在临床过程中，可能发生感染、毒血症败血症及其它严重并发症。
烧伤后患者由于组织严重毁损，以及受剧烈应激反应及各种神经内分泌因素的影响，机体在糖、蛋白质、脂肪、维生素、微量元素代谢方面都发生一系列变化。一方面组织分解加剧，蛋白质大量丢失，能量消耗增加，代谢率升高；另一方面机体恢复及创面修复时也需大量营养物质。正确的代谢营养支持及调理，有利于降低机体代谢消耗，维护脏器功能，增强免疫机制，预防和控制感染，促进创面愈合。
但目前针对烧伤患者的治疗手段一般为伤口外敷涂药剂、口服中药制剂、肠外营养剂(如静脉注射)。伤口外敷涂药剂和口服中药制剂仅用于伤口的消炎止痛、消除感染，促进创面愈合，其并不能为烧伤患者提供蛋白质、脂肪等全面的营养需求；肠外营养剂(如静脉注射)虽然可为烧伤患者提供一定的营养支持，但输液容量及营养物质输入量难以控制，且输液时间较长。
随着特殊营养食品的发展，根据烧伤患者的生理特点和营养需求，针对烧伤患者开发的特殊配方食品也日益增多，例如中国专利CN105901703A公开了一种用于烧伤患者的海洋生物型肠内营养制剂，其含有以下有效成分：蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、复合维生素、复合矿物质、牛黄酸、胆碱等，其可为患者提供均衡营养，但并未提及烧伤患者的抗感染能力，且其有效成分并未添加药食同源成分和天然植物化合物，其对烧伤患者的营养需求及恢复时间均存在一定不足。
为此，研制既能提供烧伤患者所需的各种营养素，又能提高烧伤的免疫力、抗感染能力，进而提高治疗效果的肠内营养配方产品，具有重要价值和广阔的市场。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的缺陷，提供一种烧伤专用型临床营养配方及其制备方法，本发明制备的烧伤专用型临床营养配方为烧伤患者提供全面的营养支持，其含有烧伤患者所需的适宜能量和各种关键营养素，提供了完全的必需微量营养成分；通过添加含有多种功能活性成分的药食同源成分，调节机体功能提高抵抗力，提高抗感染能力，同时调理肠胃，促进各类营养物质的吸收，本发明所述的营养配方中各成分相辅相成，能有效改善烧伤患者的营养摄入不足，并调理机体功能，有利于烧伤患者的早日康复。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一方面，本发明提供一种烧伤专用型临床营养配方，包括如下组分：蛋白质和氨基酸、核苷酸、脂肪、碳水化合物、膳食纤维、常量元素、微量元素、维生素、膳***华、药食同源成分、天然植物化合物以及新资源食品；其中，所述氨基酸包括L-谷氨酰胺、L-精氨酸、牛磺酸；其中，所述药食同源成分包括薄荷、茯苓、木瓜、蒲公英、酸枣仁、金银花。
为了进一步优化上述技术方案，本发明所采取的技术措施还包括：
优选地，所述脂肪中n-6脂肪酸与n-3脂肪酸的比例为4:1～2。
优选地，所述烧伤专用型临床营养配方，还包括食品增稠剂和食品添加剂，所述食品增稠剂为瓜尔胶、黄原胶、槐豆胶、魔芋胶、果胶、卡拉胶、琼脂、明胶、***胶中的至少一种，所述食品添加剂为阿斯巴甜、食用香精香料、红糖中的至少一种。
优选地，所述维生素为水溶性维生素和脂溶性维生素，所述脂溶性维生素的重量占维生素总重量的10％～40％。
优选地，所述膳食纤维为水溶性膳食纤维。
优选地，所述组分的重量份数为：蛋白质和氨基酸20～40份、核苷酸0～1份、脂肪10～20份、碳水化合物30～60份、膳食纤维2～8份、常量元素0.6～1.2份、微量元素0.05-0.2份、维生素0.1～0.3份、膳***华0.2～0.5份、药食同源成分0.2～3份、天然植物化合物0.1-1份以及新资源食品0.01-0.2份。
优选地，所述药食同源成分中各组分的重量份数如下：薄荷0～1份、茯苓0～1份、木瓜0～1份、蒲公英0～1份、酸枣仁0～1份、金银花0～1份。
优选地，所述蛋白质选自乳清蛋白粉、大豆分离蛋白、全脂奶粉、全蛋粉、乳铁蛋白、牛初乳粉、蛋白肽中的至少一种；其中，所述蛋白肽选自大豆低聚肽、小麦蛋白肽、蚕蛹蛋白肽、海洋鱼低聚肽粉、可乐肽、氨基肽、卵白蛋白肽中的至少一种
优选地，所述氨基酸选自L-赖氨酸-L-谷氨酸、L-谷氨酸、L-精氨酸、L-色氨酸、L-谷氨酰胺、牛磺酸、L-缬氨酸、L-异亮氨酸、L-亮氨酸中的至少一种。
优选地，所述核苷酸为5'-单磷酸胞苷。
优选地，所述脂肪包括饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、OPO结构脂、DHA、EPA、ARA、磷脂中的至少一种，更具体地说所述脂肪包括红花籽油、核桃油、花生油、大豆油、阿甘油、橄榄油、茶油、美藤果油、椰子油、紫苏油、深海鱼油、可可油、棕榈油、牛油、奶油、猪油、中链甘油三酯、卵磷脂、单双甘油脂肪酸酯。
优选地，所述碳水化合物包括果糖、冰糖、乳糖、麦芽糊精、木薯淀粉、抗性淀粉中的至少两种。
优选地，所述膳食纤维包含菊粉、魔芋粉、低聚半乳糖、低聚果糖、低聚异麦芽糖、大豆多糖、环糊精、抗性糊精、大豆纤维中的至少一种。
优选地，所述常量元素选自柠檬酸钙、L-乳酸钙、磷酸氢钙、葡萄糖酸钾、柠檬酸钠、葡萄糖酸镁、硫酸镁中的至少一种。
优选地，所述微量元素选自葡萄糖酸亚铁、碘化钾、葡萄糖酸锌、***钠、葡萄糖酸铜、硫酸铬、葡萄糖酸锰和钼酸钠中的至少一种。
优选地，所述脂溶性维生素选自维生素A、β-胡萝卜素、维生素D3、维生素E、维生素K1中的至少一种。
优选地，所述水溶性维生素选自维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素C、泛酸、叶酸、烟酸、胆碱、肌醇、生物素中的至少一种。
优选地，所述膳***华选自谷类、豆类、薯类、蔬菜类、菌藻类、坚果种子类、鱼虾类、禽畜肉类、水果类中的至少一种；其中所述谷类主要由大米粉、小米粉、黑米粉、薏米粉、玉米粉、小麦胚芽粉、燕麦粉、荞麦粉中的一种或至少两种组成，所述豆类主要由豌豆粉、绿豆粉、黑豆粉、红豆粉、大豆粉中的一种或至少两种组成，所述薯类主要由淮山粉组成，所述蔬菜粉主要由胡萝卜粉、白萝卜粉、南瓜粉、菠菜粉、番茄粉、西兰花粉、苦瓜粉、黄瓜粉中的一种或几种组成，所述菌藻类主要由香菇粉和银耳粉中的一种或几种，所述坚果种子类主要是莲子粉，所述鱼虾类主要是由三文鱼粉和鳕鱼粉中的一种或几种组成，所述禽畜肉类主要是由鸡肉粉、牛肉粉中的一种或几种组成，所述水果类主要由红枣粉、桂圆粉、苹果粉、樱桃粉、柑橘粉、雪梨粉中的一种或几种组成；所述膳***华优选红豆粉。
优选地，所述天然植物化合物选自左旋肉碱、氨基葡萄糖、低聚果糖、叶黄素、番茄红素、白藜芦醇、大蒜素中的至少一种；所述天然植物化合物优选为左旋肉碱。
优选地，所述新资源食品选自初乳碱性蛋白、γ-氨基丁酸、壳寡糖、杜仲雄花、蚌肉多糖、植物甾醇、竹叶黄酮、酪蛋白磷酸肽、燕麦β-葡聚糖、酵母β-葡聚糖、辣木叶、低聚木糖中的至少一种；所述新资源食品优选为植物甾醇。
另一方面，本发明涉及一种上述烧伤专用型临床营养配方的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一、将预定重量份数的蛋白质和氨基酸、核苷酸、脂肪、碳水化合物、膳食纤维、常量元素、微量元素、维生素、药食同源成分、天然植物化合物以及新资源食品分别制备成粒径为150～250μm的粉末；
步骤二、将所述步骤一制备的粉末依次倒入锥形混合机中混合均匀；
步骤三、采用所述步骤一混合均匀的粉末制备成营养粉、营养乳剂、胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂或口服液中的至少一种；
其中，所述药食同源成分的原料进行粉碎、水提浓缩，并将浓缩液进行喷雾干燥制成药食同源成分粉末；
其中，所述维生素和脂肪分别通过微胶囊化处理制备成维生素粉末和脂肪粉末。
优选地，所述药食同源成分粉末的制备过程如下：采用粉碎机对预定重量份数的原料进行粉碎，将粉碎的原料置于容器中，加入重量为原料重量的3～8倍的水，进行浸泡3～4小时，然后对浸泡液进行煎煮30～60min，过滤去除原料，留取煎煮液，对煎煮液进行喷雾干燥制备药食同源成分粉末。
优选地，所述维生素的微胶囊化处理的具体步骤如下：1)将脂溶性维生素作为芯材，选用羧甲基纤维素钠、明胶、卡拉胶、黄原胶、***胶、麦芽糊精、脂蛋白、玉米糖浆、大豆分离蛋白、全脂乳粉、膳食纤维、菊粉、乳清蛋白粉、低聚异麦芽糖、大豆纤维、乳糖、冰糖粉、乳化剂、稳定剂中的一种或多种作为壁材，高压均质乳化，喷雾瞬时干燥，筛分制备脂溶性维生素粉末；2)将水溶性维生素作为芯材，选用羧甲基纤维素钠、明胶、卡拉胶、黄原胶、***胶、麦芽糊精、脂蛋白、玉米糖浆、大豆分离蛋白、全脂乳粉、膳食纤维、菊粉、乳清蛋白粉、低聚异麦芽糖、大豆纤维、乳糖、冰糖粉、乳化剂、稳定剂中的一种或多种作为壁材，混合均匀，喷雾瞬时干燥，筛分制备水溶性维生素粉末。
优选地，所述脂肪的微囊包埋技术的具体实施步骤如下：将脂肪、乳化剂、壁材与水混合溶解制备乳化液；将上述乳化液搅拌混合后，进行乳化均质处理，然后进行喷雾干燥，筛分制备粉末油脂，粉末油脂与传统油脂比较，其分散性、水溶性、乳化性、抗氧化性都有很大提高；其中，所述乳化剂选自甘油脂肪酸酯(甘油酯)、丙二醇脂肪酸酯(丙二醇酯)、山梨聚糖脂肪酸酯(山梨聚糖酸)、蔗糖脂肪酸酯(蔗糖酯)、卵磷脂中的一种或多种；所述壁材选自羧甲基纤维素钠、明胶、卡拉胶、黄原胶、***胶、麦芽糊精、脂蛋白、玉米糖浆、大豆分离蛋白、全脂乳粉、膳食纤维、菊粉、乳清蛋白粉、低聚异麦芽糖、大豆纤维、乳糖、冰糖粉、乳化剂、稳定剂中的一种或多种。
本发明还提供一种上述烧伤专用型临床营养配方的制备方法，其为湿法工艺，包括如下步骤：
步骤1)准备含有预定重量份数的蛋白质和氨基酸、核苷酸、脂肪、碳水化合物、膳食纤维、常量元素、微量元素、维生素、药食同源成分、天然植物化合物以及新资源食品的原材料，按照原材料的物理性状，按照先后顺序依次添加，在添加的同时进行搅拌，制得原料的混合乳液；
步骤2)将步骤1)获得的混合乳液的温度保持在40-50℃，调整均质压力使其始终保持在10-18Mpa之间，对混合乳液进行乳化均质，然后将乳化液放置蒸发器中，以预设的技术参数进行浓缩，并在85-88℃下进行杀菌，获得浓缩液；
步骤3)将步骤2)获得的浓缩液进行喷雾干燥，过60～80目筛，制备成粉末；采用上述粉末制备成营养粉、营养乳剂、胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂或口服液中的至少一种。
本发明采用具有增强免疫力、提高抗感染、调理脾胃的药食同源成分，其包括薄荷、茯苓、木瓜、蒲公英、酸枣仁、金银花。
薄荷中的有效成分薄荷油、薄荷醇可抑制核盘菌、匍茎根霉菌、毛霉菌等真菌的生长和繁殖；薄荷油对单纯疱疹病毒的两种亚型(HSV21和HSV22)均显示较强的抑制作用；同时薄荷油有明显的利胆作用，并能轻度增加胆汁中胆汁酸的排出量；且薄荷油对角叉菜胶致大鼠足肿胀有一定的抑制作用，具有消炎镇痛的功效。
茯苓能增强机体免疫功能，其具有抗胸腺萎缩、抗脾脏增大和抑瘤生长的作用；茯苓多糖有明显的抗肿瘤作用；有利尿作用，能增加尿中钾、钠、氯等电解质的排出；有镇静及保护肝脏、抑制溃疡的发生、降血糖、抗放射等作用；茯苓还具有抗菌、抗炎、抗病毒作用，其对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌、甲型/乙型链球菌等均有抑制作用。
木瓜中含有多种有益成分，包括木瓜多糖、木瓜蛋白酶、齐墩果酸、甾醇类化合物等；木瓜多糖具有抗凝血、抑感染、御放射、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗病毒、抗衰老等作用，是理想的免疫增强剂；木瓜蛋白酶能够分解蛋白质，有辅助治疗肠胃炎、消化不良，木瓜含有多种水溶性维生素，如富含维生素C，有助于修复机体组织，消除损害机体细胞的有毒物质，增强人体抗病能力；齐墩果酸以单体或皂甙形式存在，具有消炎、增强免疫力、降转氨酶、纠正体内异常蛋白代谢、防止肝硬化；甾醇类化合物，对人体具有较强的抗炎作用，可促进伤口愈合,使肌肉增生、增强毛细血管循环。
蒲公英具有抗病原微生物作用，其对金黄色葡萄球菌耐药菌株、溶血性链球菌有较强的杀菌作用，对肺炎双球菌、脑膜炎球菌、白喉杆菌、绿脓杆菌、变形杆菌、痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌等及卡他球菌亦有一定的杀菌作用；具有保肝、利胆作用，其对四氯化碳引起的谷丙转氨酶升高有明显抑制作用，能显著缓解四氯化碳性肝损伤引起的组织学改变；具有抗胃溃疡作用，其对胃黏膜损伤有显著保护作用；具有提高免疫功能的作用，可提高人外周血淋巴细胞母细胞转化率，蒲公英多糖能显著增强艾氏癌及MM46肿瘤细胞抗原所致小鼠脚垫迟发型超敏反应强度。
酸枣仁中的有效成分皂甙类和黄酮类化合物具有显著的镇静和催眠作用，酸枣仁还具有明显的抗惊厥作用，可明显抑制青霉素钠对神经元细胞的兴奋作用，降低谷氨酸水平的升高，且有抗癫痫作用；酸枣仁苷类还表现出对心血管***有明显的保护作用，具有抗心机缺血作用；酸枣仁水提取液具有明显的抗炎作用，能抑制小鼠腹腔、背部皮肤及耳廓毛细血管通透性，对大鼠后足蛋清性肿胀及大鼠腋下植入纸片产生的肉芽肿均有抑制作用。
金银花对多种致病菌如金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌、肺炎球菌、脑膜炎双球菌、绿脓杆菌等有抑菌和杀菌作用，对流感病毒、孤儿病毒、疱疹病毒、钩端螺旋体均有抑制作用；金银花具有清热解毒、疏散风热的作用，可治疗暑热症、泻痢、流感、疮疖肿毒、急慢性扁桃体炎、牙周炎等病。
本发明还采用包括L-谷氨酰胺、L-精氨酸、牛磺酸的氨基酸以及核苷酸。谷氨酰胺能修复小肠上皮、维持肠屏障功能，防止肠道细菌和毒素移位以及减少肠源性感染。精氨酸能强化精氨酸的营养支持可有效促进细胞免疫功能，有效提高免疫力，对抗癌细胞及预防病毒感染。核苷酸可纠正烧伤病人的细胞免疫功能紊乱，降低创面脓毒症发生率，减轻烧伤感染，提高烧伤患者免疫功能，从细胞水平纠正烧伤患者免疫功能抑制，使其重建免疫功能。
本发明中采用脂肪中n-6脂肪酸与n-3脂肪酸的比例为4:1～2，n-3脂肪酸可调节免疫性的炎症性反应，尽可能地改善脓毒病或多器官衰竭。
本发明中采用新资源食品植物甾醇，其对人体具有较强的抗炎作用，具有能够抑制人体对胆固醇的吸收、促进胆固醇的降解代谢、抑制胆固醇的生化合成等作用；其可促进伤口愈合，使肌肉增生、增强毛细血管循环等功能。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下的优异效果：
(1)本发明将现代营养学研究成果与传统中医理论相结合，通过各种组分的有机组合，将各种功能进行融合，并通过有效成分之间的协同作用，增强作用效果。按本发明配方制作的食品不仅可以补充烧伤患者所需营养，还能利用中草药成分促进机体状况改善。
(2)本发明添加具有抗感染、增强免疫、调理消化功效的药食同源成分，添加提高免疫力、降低创面脓毒症发生率、减轻烧伤感染的氨基酸和核苷酸，添加能够调节免疫性的炎症性反应的n-3脂肪酸，添加具有抗炎、促进伤口愈合的植物甾醇，其各组分相辅相成，疗效确切，能纠正烧伤患者的异常病理、生理改变，维持机体细胞和组织、器官的正常结构和功能，增强患者免疫、提高治疗效果，以早日康复。
(3)本发明添加了膳食纤维，其能改善危重症患者的营养状态，纠正机体的负氮平衡；改善危重症患者的免疫功能，减少并发症的发生；有效降低危重症患者的血糖，减少高血糖的危害，减轻患者的应激反应；促进胃肠道蠕动，改善胃肠功能，减轻过度的炎症反应，防止肠源性感染的发生。
(4)本发明采用微囊包埋技术制备维生素，将维生素被包埋于壁材中，可防止维生素遭受常量元素、微量元素的破坏，延长维生素的保存时间；本发明采用微囊包埋技术制备油脂粉末，使得油脂粉末具有较好的流动性，易于与其他粉状组分混合均匀；且采用微囊包埋技术后，油脂被包埋于壁材中，从而避免了与空气的接触以增强抗氧化性，从而可发挥保健型油脂的最大功效。
(5)本发明所述的烧伤专用型临床营养配方的原料在制备过程中均预先制备成150～250μm的粉末，这使得在制备成品时，各营养组分能够混合均匀，保证单位体积中的各营养组分的含量相同，同时在制备液体类制剂时，各营养组分能充分分散并完全溶解至溶剂中，防止液体中出现固体沉淀，有效保证了成品产品的功效。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种针对烧伤专用型临床营养配方专用型临床营养配方，包括如下重量份数的组分：蛋白质和氨基酸20～40份、核苷酸0～1份、脂肪10～20份、碳水化合物30～60份、膳食纤维2～8份、常量元素0.6～1.2份、微量元素0.05-0.2份、维生素0.1～0.3份、膳***华0.2～0.5份、药食同源成分0.2～3份、天然植物化合物0.1-1份以及新资源食品0.01-0.2份；其中，所述维生素为水溶性维生素和脂溶性维生素，所述脂溶性维生素的重量占维生素总重量的10％～40％；其中，所述膳食纤维为水溶性膳食纤维，所述脂肪中n-6脂肪酸与n-3脂肪酸的比例为4:1～2。
下面结合实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本实用新型的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
本发明所述的烧伤专用型临床营养配方包括乳清蛋白粉10.4g、大豆分离蛋白5.2g、全脂奶粉12g、全蛋粉0.33g、牛初乳0.16g、牛磺酸0.12g、海洋鱼低聚肽0.1g；5'-单磷酸胞苷0.1g；橄榄油2.77g、大豆油4.48g、椰子油2.77g、紫苏油0.64g、中链甘油三酯0.21g；麦芽糊精35g、冰糖6.2g、木薯淀粉7.49g；膳食纤维3.5g；常量元素中钙0.44g、磷0.23g、钾0.08g、钠0.14g、镁0.19g；微量元素中铁0.015g、碘0.00014g、锌0.13g；维生素A 0.0005g、β-胡萝卜素0.000057g、维生素D3 0.000002g、维生素E 0.01g；维生素B1 0.001g、维生素B20.001g、维生素B6 0.001g、维生素B12 0.000003g、维生素C 0.188g、泛酸0.005g、叶酸0.000165g、烟酸0.0161g；红豆粉0.33g；薄荷0.05g、茯苓0.05g、木瓜0.05g、蒲公英0.05g、酸枣仁0.05g、金银花0.05g；天然植物化合物中左旋肉碱0.63g，；新资源食品中植物甾醇0.05g；其中，所述膳食纤维都为水溶性膳食纤维；所述脂溶性维生素的重量占维生素总重量的10％～40％；所述脂肪中n-6脂肪酸与n-3脂肪酸的比例为4:1。
实施例2
本发明所述的烧伤专用型临床营养配方包括乳清蛋白粉10.4g、大豆分离蛋白5.2g、全脂奶粉12g、全蛋粉0.33g、牛初乳0.16g、牛磺酸0.12g、海洋鱼低聚肽0.1g；橄榄油2.77g、大豆油4.48g、椰子油2.77g、紫苏油0.64g、中链甘油三酯0.21g；麦芽糊精35g、冰糖6.2g、木薯淀粉7.49g；膳食纤维3.5g；常量元素中钙0.44g、磷0.23g、钾0.08g、钠0.14g、镁0.19g；微量元素中铁0.015g、碘0.00014g、锌0.13g；维生素A 0.0005g、β-胡萝卜素0.000057g、维生素D3 0.000002g、维生素E 0.01g；维生素B1 0.001g、维生素B2 0.001g、维生素B6 0.001g、维生素B12 0.000003g、维生素C 0.188g、泛酸0.005g、叶酸0.000165g、烟酸0.0161g；红豆粉0.33g；薄荷0.17g、茯苓0.17g、木瓜0.17g、蒲公英0.17g、酸枣仁0.17g、金银花0.17g；天然植物化合物中左旋肉碱0.63g，；新资源食品中植物甾醇0.1g；其中，所述膳食纤维都为水溶性膳食纤维；所述脂溶性维生素的重量占维生素总重量的10％～40％；所述脂肪中n-6脂肪酸与n-3脂肪酸的比例为4:1。
实施例3
本发明所述的烧伤专用型临床营养配方包括乳清蛋白粉10.4g、大豆分离蛋白5.2g、全脂奶粉12g、全蛋粉0.33g、牛初乳0.16g、牛磺酸0.12g、海洋鱼低聚肽0.1g；橄榄油2.77g、大豆油4.48g、椰子油2.77g、紫苏油0.64g、中链甘油三酯0.21g；麦芽糊精35g、冰糖6.2g、木薯淀粉7.49g；膳食纤维3.5g；常量元素中钙0.44g、磷0.23g、钾0.08g、钠0.14g、镁0.19g；微量元素中铁0.015g、碘0.00014g、锌0.13g；维生素A 0.0005g、β-胡萝卜素0.000057g、维生素D3 0.000002g、维生素E 0.01g；维生素B1 0.001g、维生素B2 0.001g、维生素B6 0.001g、维生素B12 0.000003g、维生素C 0.188g、泛酸0.005g、叶酸0.000165g、烟酸0.0161g；红豆粉0.33g；薄荷0.17g、茯苓0.17g、木瓜0.17g、蒲公英0.17g、酸枣仁0.17g、金银花0.17g；天然植物化合物中左旋肉碱0.63g，；新资源食品中植物甾醇0.05g；其中，所述膳食纤维都为水溶性膳食纤维；所述脂溶性维生素的重量占维生素总重量的10％～40％；所述脂肪中n-6脂肪酸与n-3脂肪酸的比例为4:1。
实施例4
含有实施例1-实施例3的烧伤专用型临床营养配方的制备方法如下：
1)制备粉末油脂(粉末脂肪)：
a)制备壁材水溶液：取麦芽糊精8克、大豆分离蛋白4克、全脂乳粉11克、膳食纤维2克(抗性糊精)、菊粉0.5克、乳清蛋白粉5克、低聚异麦芽糖0.5克、大豆纤维1克、***胶0.2克、乳糖0.5克、冰糖粉2克、水50毫升搅拌均匀(有条件边加热边搅拌至60℃，保持30分钟后冷却至室温)。
b)将单甘酯取0.1克(总固形物浓度为0.2％)均匀溶于10.2毫升油脂中(橄榄油2.6毫升、大豆油4.2毫升、椰子油2.6毫升、紫苏油0.6毫升、中链甘油三酯0.2毫升)。
c)将吐温80取0.1克(总固形物浓度为0.2％)均匀溶于壁材水溶液中。
d)将添加过乳化剂单甘酯的混合植物油脂与添加过乳化剂吐温80的壁材水溶液充分混合。
e)添加稳定剂琼脂取0.1克(总固形物浓度为0.2％)进混合溶液后，用水定容至200毫升(总固形物浓度为25％)，20000r/min下高速分散2分钟。
f)均质压力为25MPa，均质3次(每次5分钟)，制得均质乳状液。
g)将制得的乳状液进行喷雾干燥，进风温度为195℃，出风温度为80℃。收集粉末油脂(粉末脂肪)。
2)制备药食同源成分粉末：采用粉碎机对预定重量份数的原料进行粉碎，将粉碎的原料置于容器中，加入重量为原料重量的3～8倍的水，进行浸泡3～4小时，然后对浸泡液进行煎煮30～60min，过滤去除原料，留取煎煮液，对煎煮液进行喷雾干燥，以60～80目筛分制备药食同源成分粉末；
3)制备维生素粉末：将预定重量份数的脂溶性维生素作为芯材，选用卡拉胶、***胶作为壁材，在高压下进行2次乳化均质处理，乳化均质时间为10～15min，然后进行喷雾瞬时干燥，以60～80目筛分制备脂溶性维生素粉末；将预定重量份数的水溶性维生素作为芯材，选用麦芽糊精、脂蛋白作为壁材，混合均匀，喷雾瞬时干燥，以60～80目筛分制备水溶性维生素粉末；
4)将预定重量的蛋白质和氨基酸、核苷酸、碳水化合物、膳食纤维、常量元素、微量元素、膳***华、天然植物化合物以及新资源食品分别制备成粒径为150～250μm的粉末；
5)将步骤1)～步骤4)所制得的粉末依次加入锥形混合机或其他形式的混合机混合均匀制得配方混合物，经过杀菌处理后，备用；
6)根据常规技术手段将步骤5)中的配方混合物制备成营养粉、营养乳剂、胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂或口服液中的至少一种。
在步骤6)中，可选择性地增加适量的食品增稠剂和食品添加剂。所述食品增稠剂为瓜尔胶、黄原胶、槐豆胶、魔芋胶、果胶、卡拉胶、琼脂、明胶、***胶中的至少一种，所述食品添加剂为阿斯巴甜、食用香精香料、红糖中的至少一种；更优选卡拉胶、***胶、瓜尔胶、阿斯巴甜、食用香精香料。
上述操作步骤均需在惰性气体的保护下进行，比如氮气、氩气、氦气等，以防止产生粉末***的危险。
实施例5
1)本发明提供的专用型临床营养配方对小鼠急性毒性和慢性毒性试验；
小鼠急性毒性试验：釆用本发明实施例1～3制备的营养粉喂饲小鼠，连续观察14天，试验期间未见死亡和异常毒性反应，试验结束后，处死小鼠，解剖试验小鼠，观察肝、肾、脾、胃、心、肺和肠，均未见异常改变。按急性毒性标准，该样品属于无毒级。
小鼠慢性毒性试验：釆用本发明实施例1～3制备的营养粉喂饲小鼠，连续饲喂90天，试验结果饲喂本发明实施例1～3制备的营养粉的小鼠行为活动正常，摄食饮水正常，体重正常增加，血液生化指标和血液学均在正常范围内波动，尿常规和骨髓指标均在正常范围内波动，组织脏器未见异常，整体而言未见毒理反应，由上述实验可知，本发明制备的配方产品是安全、无毒的。
2)本发明提供的专用型临床营养配方对小鼠烧伤后抗感染的影响；
取本发明实施例1～3制备的营养粉进行试验，同时设对比例1、对比例2、空白组和对照组，对比例1采用实施例2的营养配方中删除氨基酸和核苷酸制备的营养粉，对比例2采用实施例2的营养配方中删除药食同源成分制备的营养粉。
取昆明小鼠32只，雌雄各半，随机分成2组，每组16只。将金黄色葡萄球菌(CMCC26112)、乙型溶血性链球菌(CMCC32210)接种在牛肉膏汤液体培养基内，置37℃培养箱18h。用生理盐水稀释为10-1～10-8浓度的菌液。将各浓度的金黄色葡萄球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、肺炎双球菌、流感嗜血杆菌按照0.5ml/只剂量，分别腹腔注射感染小鼠。观察小鼠在5d内的死亡状况，测试出试验菌株引起动物100％死亡的最小致死量(MLD)。
表1实验用菌株对小鼠的最小致死量(MLD)
分别取昆明小鼠140只，雌雄各半，随机分成14组，每组10只，进行每个菌种的感染所致小鼠死亡的保护实验。实施例1～实施例3、对比例1～对比例2组按照剂量1000mg/kg/day灌胃，空白组用等体积生理盐水灌胃，对照组用0.4g/kg阿莫西林灌胃。连续3d后，各组于第4天开始，按照最小致死量(MLD)腹腔注射不同菌株。按照先前剂量，再继续给各组小鼠灌胃3d。观察记录感染后7d内各组小鼠的死亡数，计算死亡率。
表2各配方对金黄色葡萄球菌感染所致小鼠死亡的保护作用
表3各配方对乙型溶血性链球菌感染所致小鼠死亡的保护作用
实验表明实施例1～实施例3、对比例1～对比例2组对金黄色葡萄球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌感染所致小鼠死亡有不同程度的保护作用。
3)本发明提供的专用型临床营养配方对小鼠烧伤后愈合情况的影响；
取本发明实施例1～3制备的营养粉进行试验，同时设对比例1、对比例2、空白对照组，对比例1采用实施例2的营养配方中删除氨基酸和核苷酸制备的营养粉，对比例2采用实施例2的营养配方中删除药食同源成分制备的营养粉，空白对照组灌胃正常饲料。
分别取昆明小鼠140只，雌雄各半，随机分成7组，每组20只，对每一小鼠的同一部位进行轻微烧伤，烧伤面积为3×3cm，然后对每一小鼠进行正常治疗。在正常治疗外，实施例1～3、对比例1～2的营养粉均按照剂量1000mg/kg/day灌胃，持续服用至伤口愈合，空白对照组喂食正常饲料至伤口愈合。对烧伤小鼠来说，评判药效的标准有愈合时间、伤口的感染情况，其实验结果如表3所示。
表3伤口愈合的实验结果
由上表可知，本发明添加的药食同源组分和膳食纤维，与蛋白质、碳水化合物等营养元素之间发生了很好的协同作用，其对烧伤患者具有辅助治疗效果；另外，通过与对比例1和对比例2进行比较发现，氨基酸、核苷酸和药食同源成分对于改善烧伤患者抗感染和伤口愈合是必不可少的，其与本发明其他组分相辅相成，充分发挥各自的功效，才能取得优异的效果。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了详细描述，但其只作为范例，本发明并不限制于以上描述的具体实施例。对于本领域技术人员而言，任何对该实用进行的等同修改和替代也都在本发明的范畴之中。因此，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下所作的均等变换和修改，都应涵盖在本发明的范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种烧伤专用型临床营养配方，其特征在于，包括如下组分：蛋白质和氨基酸、核苷酸、脂肪、碳水化合物、膳食纤维、常量元素、微量元素、维生素、膳***华、药食同源成分、天然植物化合物以及新资源食品；
其中，所述氨基酸包括L-谷氨酰胺、L-精氨酸、牛磺酸；
其中，所述药食同源成分包括薄荷、茯苓、木瓜、蒲公英、酸枣仁、金银花。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种烧伤专用型临床营养配方，其特征在于，还包括食品增稠剂和食品添加剂，所述食品增稠剂为瓜尔胶、黄原胶、槐豆胶、魔芋胶、果胶、卡拉胶、琼脂、明胶、***胶中的至少一种，所述食品添加剂为阿斯巴甜、食用香精香料、红糖中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种烧伤专用型临床营养配方，其特征在于，所述脂肪中n-6脂肪酸与n-3脂肪酸的比例为4:1～2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种烧伤专用型临床营养配方，其特征在于，所述维生素为水溶性维生素和脂溶性维生素，所述脂溶性维生素的重量占维生素总重量的10％～40％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种烧伤专用型临床营养配方，其特征在于，所述膳食纤维为水溶性膳食纤维。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种烧伤专用型临床营养配方，其特征在于，所述组分的重量份数为：蛋白质和氨基酸20～40份、核苷酸0～1份、脂肪10～20份、碳水化合物30～60份、膳食纤维2～8份、常量元素0.6～1.2份、微量元素0.05-0.2份、维生素0.1～0.3份、膳***华0.2～0.5份、药食同源成分0.2～3份、天然植物化合物0.1-1份以及新资源食品0.01-0.2份。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种烧伤专用型临床营养配方，其特征在于，所述药食同源成分中各组分的重量份数如下：薄荷0～1份、茯苓0～1份、木瓜0～1份、蒲公英0～1份、酸枣仁0～1份、金银花0～1份。
8.一种如权利要求1～7中任一项所述的烧伤专用型临床营养配方的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
步骤一、将预定重量份数的蛋白质和氨基酸、核苷酸、脂肪、碳水化合物、膳食纤维、常量元素、微量元素、维生素、药食同源成分、天然植物化合物以及新资源食品分别制备成粒径为150～250μm的粉末；
步骤二、将所述步骤一制备的粉末依次倒入锥形混合机中混合均匀；
步骤三、采用所述步骤二中混合均匀的粉末制备成营养粉、营养乳剂、胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂或口服液中的至少一种；
其中，所述药食同源成分的原料进行粉碎、水提浓缩，并将浓缩液进行喷雾干燥制成药食同源成分粉末；
其中，所述维生素和脂肪分别通过微胶囊化处理制备成维生素粉末和脂肪粉末。
9.一种如权利要求1～7中任一项所述的烧伤专用型临床营养配方的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
步骤1)准备含有预定重量份数的蛋白质和氨基酸、核苷酸、脂肪、碳水化合物、膳食纤维、常量元素、微量元素、维生素、药食同源成分、天然植物化合物以及新资源食品的原材料，按照原材料的物理性状，按照先后顺序依次添加，在添加的同时进行搅拌，制得原料的混合乳液；
步骤2)将步骤1)获得的混合乳液进行乳化均质、浓缩杀菌，获得浓缩液；
步骤3)将步骤2)获得的浓缩液进行喷雾干燥，过筛，制备成粉末，并将上述粉末制备成营养粉、营养乳剂、胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂或口服液中的至少一种。
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