CN106857386B - Naked mole rat breeding and pairing method - Google Patents
Naked mole rat breeding and pairing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106857386B CN106857386B CN201710022560.0A CN201710022560A CN106857386B CN 106857386 B CN106857386 B CN 106857386B CN 201710022560 A CN201710022560 A CN 201710022560A CN 106857386 B CN106857386 B CN 106857386B
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- 241000700131 Heterocephalus glaber Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
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- 230000012173 estrus Effects 0.000 claims description 44
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 claims description 34
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011121 vaginal smear Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000000265 leukocyte Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 5
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- 206010024642 Listless Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000031016 anaphase Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000000436 anus Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000002510 keratinocyte Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000017971 listlessness Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003708 urethra Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000252229 Carassius auratus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010013954 Dysphoria Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003542 behavioural effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004392 genitalia Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000019640 taste Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003975 animal breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
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- 208000035985 Body Odor Diseases 0.000 description 4
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of animal breeding, in particular to a naked mole breeding and pairing method. The breeding and pairing method provided by the invention forms a series of methods for improving the success rate of combining the naked mole rat from the selection of the time from the weight pairing to the combining of the naked mole rat species and from the single cage feeding before the combining to the mixture of the body and the flavor, overcomes the combining obstacle of the naked mole rat, and provides a key technical support for the establishment of a closed group of the naked mole rat.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of animal breeding and hybridization, in particular to a naked mole breeding and pairing method, which improves the caging rate of naked mole and provides key technical support for the naked mole breeding and hybridization.
Background
The original naked mole rat population is a true social community, only female giant rats and a plurality of male rats in the population have reproductive capacity, and individuals among the populations have clear responsibility and division of labor, so the naked mole rat belongs to social animals, and the naked mole rat has the phenomena of weight reduction, listlessness, reduced eating and the like if being fed alone for a long time. Thus, naked mole rats are generally not suitable for single cage rearing. Meanwhile, the fighting capacity of the individuals in the population depends on the weight and the reminding of the individuals to a great extent, so the body types and the weights of the individuals can determine the social class to a certain extent, and the female naked mole rat with the highest weight is the female king rat of the population. However, if two female mouse individuals in the population have the highest weight, fighting behaviors for fighting the position of the queen mouse often occur between the two female mouse individuals, and the result is that the defeat party is often bitten or killed.
In addition, the naked mole rat has strong exclusivity to foreign individuals, and the foreign individuals mistakenly entering the population are likely to be attacked by the population and even injured to death.
Therefore, the original breeding matching mode of the naked mole rat is broken through, different species of mole are matched, casualties are avoided to the maximum extent, the breeding speed of the original community of the naked mole rat is improved, and the method is the key problem to be solved firstly for establishing a closed group.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a naked mole breeding and pairing method. The invention establishes the naked mole rat closed group in a one-to-one breeding matching mode, solves the problem of low breeding speed of the original population of the naked mole rat, breaks through the matching obstacle between different populations of the naked mole rat, and lays a key technical support for establishing the naked mole rat closed group.
The main technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a naked mole breeding pairing method, which comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) screening male and female breeding mice:
a. pre-screening the weight of the mouse: selecting female naked mole rat with the weight of 45-70g as female species rat, and male mole rat with the weight of 35-65g as male species rat;
b. breeding mice oestrus rescreening: further selecting the breeding mouse in estrus, comprising the following steps:
b1 naked mole behavioral prescreening: screening female naked mole rats with listlessness, diet reduction and abnormal dysphoria within 1-3 days;
b2 naked mole rat diaphorous state rescreening: detecting the light red horizontal bar-shaped gap between the anus and the outside of the urethra of the female naked mole rat screened in the step b1, and screening the female naked mole rat with the deepened transverse rod, the opened gap, the visible obvious red swelling, the formation of 2 convex lobes and the adhesion of transparent liquid;
b3 vaginal smear test: performing a vaginal smear test on the female naked mole of step b2 to determine whether the female naked mole is in estrus;
b4 coop male and female mice: selecting a male naked mole rat with the same individual and the same cage source to be put into the female naked mole rat feeding cage in the estrus for 1:1 to be combined, and if the naked mole rats sniff each other, using the head to rub the action of the genital organ of the opposite side to indicate that the female naked mole rat is in the estrus; the animals in the non-estrus period are put together and are easy to fight and bite;
2) preparation before pairing:
a. respectively breeding the male and female breeding mice screened in the step 1) in single cages for 2-3 weeks;
b. during 2-3 weeks when male and female breeding rats are respectively bred in single cages for single-family breeding, the padding materials of the individual breeding cages of the two parties to be paired are mixed every day, and in order to ensure that the body tastes of the two parties to be paired are consistent as much as possible, the source and the variety of fruits and vegetables fed by the two parties to be paired are consistent;
c. after the staged single-cage breeding, on the day of cage combination, padding and excrement of the paired species of mice are respectively smeared on the bodies of the two species of mice, and then cage combination pairing can be carried out.
Further, the judgment criteria of the vaginal smear test in step 1)/b3 are as follows:
a) in the early stage of estrus: smear is cloud-like crystal, flat epithelial cells;
b) in the estrus: the smear is typical goat dentiform crystal, the main stem is straight and thick, and the keratinized epithelial cells are gathered;
c) in the anaphase of estrus: the leucocyte of smear is abundant, a small amount of keratinized epithelial cells, the branch shape is fuzzy, and the branch is few and sparse to form a goldfish grass shape;
d) the estrus interval: the smear keratinocyte is continuously reduced, the white blood cells are continuously increased, the white blood cells are mainly converted, the squamous epithelial cells are occasionally seen, the oval or rhomboid is also occasionally seen, and the light transmittance is high.
Further, in the step 2)/b, the padding materials of the individual rearing cages of the two parties to be paired are mixed every day, and the specific operation is as follows: the equal amount of padding is taken out from the individual rearing cages of both parties respectively and mixed, and then divided into two equal amounts which are respectively scattered at each corner of the cages of both parties.
The invention adopts the staged single cage feeding of the naked mole, reduces the exclusivity of the naked mole under the condition of ensuring that the health condition influence of the naked mole is not obvious, so that the naked mole can accept individuals from other groups more easily, and obviously improves the pairing success rate.
Because naked mole rat has stronger exclusivity, if the individual weight of both sides of pairing, size difference are great relatively (the weight difference of both sides of pairing is greater than 5g), the less party of size is in the cage process of combining more easily the ministerial dress in the party that the weight is high, reduces the risk of putting up, more is favorable to pairing successfully.
The exclusion of the naked mole in estrus to the opposite sex is relatively low, and the opposite sex from different populations is more easily accepted due to the regulation of sex hormones, so the breeding rat estrus is selected for cage combination, and the pairing success rate can be improved.
The body-odor mixing method is used for enabling the two kinds of matched rats to be familiar with each other odor in advance, the exclusion of naked mole rats is reduced, and the cage combination success rate is further improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a naked mole breeding and pairing method, which comprises the steps of selecting the time from weight pairing to cage combination of a naked mole species rat, and feeding a single cage before cage combination to mixing the body and the smell to form a series of methods for improving the success rate of cage combination of the naked mole rat.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison of the oestrus and non-oestrus phases of a naked mole rat in a gloomy state; wherein, a) is a female mouse without estrus; b) is an estrus female mouse;
fig. 2 is a naked mole oestrus cycle vaginal smear judgment standard; wherein, a) is the prophase of estrus; b) is in estrus; c) in the anaphase of estrus; d) it is the estrus interval.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The naked mole rat used in the experimental operations in the following examples is a population of naked mole rats raised by the experimental animal center of the second military medical university, liberated by Chinese people in 2008-2016 years, and the following operations are performed:
example 1
1) And (3) screening male and female breeding mice:
a. pre-screening the weight of the mouse: selecting female naked mole rat with the weight of 45-70g as female species rat, and male mole rat with the weight of 35-65g as male species rat; respectively selecting 10 groups of pre-matched breeding rats (number group 1# -group 10#), and totaling 20 naked mole rats;
b. breeding mice oestrus rescreening: the method for selecting the naked mole in the number 1# -10# comprises the following steps:
b1 naked mole behavioral prescreening: screening female naked mole rats with listlessness, diet reduction and abnormal dysphoria within 1-3 days;
b2 naked mole rat diaphorous state rescreening: detecting the light red horizontal bar-shaped gap between the anus and the external part of the urethra of the female naked mole rat screened in the step b1, wherein the light red horizontal bar-shaped gap is arranged between the anus and the external part of the urethra of the female mole without estrus (figure 1a), the color of the horizontal bar of the female mole in estrus is deepened, the gap is opened, obvious red swelling is visible, 2 convex pieces are formed, and transparent liquid is adhered (figure 1 b);
b3 vaginal smear test: b2, carrying out cervical mucus smear on the female naked mole individual, and then carrying out HE dyeing to determine whether the naked mole individual is in estrus; the method comprises the following specific steps: fixing a naked mole rat, turning a tail to expose a vaginal opening, sucking a small amount of physiological saline into the vaginal opening, extruding the waist of the naked mole rat to enable mucus to flow out along with the physiological saline, sucking the mucus into a dropper, dropping the mucus onto a glass slide, naturally drying the smear, dropping Rui-Giemsa liquid for dyeing, dropping an equivalent phosphate buffer after 1min, slightly shaking the glass slide to uniformly mix the two liquids, continuously washing off the dye liquid by running water for 10-15min, and observing the cell morphology under a microscope after the smear is air-dried;
naked mole rat oestrus cycle vaginal smear judgment standards are as follows:
① in the prophase of estrus, the smear is cloudy and crystalline, and the epithelium is flattened (FIG. 2 a);
② estrus, smear is typical of ferula, main stalk is straight and thick, and keratinized epithelial cells are gathered (FIG. 2 b);
③ in the anaphase of estrus, smear white blood cells are abundant, keratinized epithelial cells are few, the branch morphology is fuzzy, and branches are few and are sparse to form a goldfish grass shape (FIG. 2 c);
④ in oestrus, smear keratinocytes decrease and leukocytes increase, and the transformation is mainly leucocytes, occasionally squamous cells, oval or rhomboid, and high in light transmittance (FIG. 2 d).
b4 coop male and female mice: selecting a male naked mole rat with the same individual and the same cage source to be put into the female naked mole rat feeding cage in the estrus for 1:1 to be combined, and if the naked mole rats sniff each other, using the head to rub the action of the genital organ of the opposite side to indicate that the female naked mole rat is in the estrus; the animals in the non-estrus period are put together and are easy to fight and bite;
2) preparation before pairing:
a. respectively breeding the male and female breeding mice screened in the step 1) in single cages for 2-3 weeks;
b. randomly selecting 7 groups of paired breeding rats, mixing padding materials of the individual breeding cages of the two parties to be paired every day during 2-3 weeks when the male and female breeding rats are bred in single cages independently (after an operator wears gloves and takes out the same amount of padding materials from the individual breeding cages of the two parties respectively to mix, the padding materials are divided into two halves and are scattered at each corner of the cage of the two parties), and ensuring that the sources and varieties of fruits and vegetables fed by the individual breeding cages of the two parties to be paired are consistent; the rest 3 groups are not subjected to padding mixing;
c. after periodic single-cage breeding, on the day of cage combination, selecting 4 groups of paired rats mixed with 7 groups of padding materials randomly, smearing the padding materials and excrement of the paired rats on the bodies of the two groups of the paired rats respectively, and performing cage combination pairing; the remaining 3 groups were not padded and feces smeared.
Application examples
The 10 naked mole individual condition records and the result of the caged pairing in example 1 are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
The result of cage pairing shows that:
of 10 randomly selected groups of pre-paired naked mole rats, 9 groups were found to have estrus, and 7 of them were subjected to padding mixing and body-odor mixing before caging, and the other two groups were not subjected to padding mixing and body-odor mixing before caging. The results show that the 7 combination cages were successfully paired and farrowing both after pad mixing and body odor mixing.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited thereto, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the scope of the appended claims is to be accorded the full range of equivalents.
Claims (2)
1. A method of naked mole rat breeding pairing comprising:
1) and (3) screening male and female breeding mice:
a. pre-screening the weight of the mouse: selecting female naked mole rat with the weight of 45-70g as female species rat, and male mole rat with the weight of 35-65g as male species rat;
b. breeding mice oestrus rescreening: further selecting the breeding mouse in estrus, comprising the following steps:
b1 naked mole behavioral prescreening: screening female naked mole rats with listlessness, diet reduction and abnormal dysphoria within 1-3 days;
b2 naked mole rat diaphorous state rescreening: detecting a pale red horizontal bar-shaped gap between the anus and the outside of the urethra of the female naked mole rat screened in the step b1, and screening the female naked mole rat with deepened horizontal bar color, opened gap, visible obvious red swelling, formed convex 2 petals and transparent liquid adhesion;
b3 vaginal smear test: and c, carrying out vaginal smear detection on the female naked mole rat in the step b2 to determine whether the female naked mole rat is in estrus, wherein the judgment criteria are as follows:
a) in the early stage of estrus: smear is cloud-like crystal, flat epithelial cells;
b) in the estrus: the smear is typical goat dentiform crystal, the main stem is straight and thick, and the keratinized epithelial cells are gathered;
c) in the anaphase of estrus: the leucocyte of smear is abundant, a small amount of keratinized epithelial cells, the branch shape is fuzzy, and the branch is few and sparse to form a goldfish grass shape;
d) the estrus interval: the smear keratinocytes are continuously reduced, the white blood cells are continuously increased, the smear keratinocytes are converted into the smear which mainly comprises the white blood cells, occasionally squamous epithelial cells, oval or rhomboid, and the light transmittance is high;
b4 coop male and female mice: selecting a male naked mole rat with the same individual and the same cage source to be put into the female naked mole rat feeding cage in the estrus for 1:1 to be combined, and if the naked mole rats sniff each other, using the head to rub the action of the genital organ of the opposite side to indicate that the female naked mole rat is in the estrus; the animals in the non-estrus period are put together and are easy to fight and bite;
2) preparation before pairing:
a. respectively breeding the male and female breeding mice screened in the step 1) in single cages for 2-3 weeks;
b. during 2-3 weeks when male and female breeding rats are respectively bred in single cages for single-family breeding, the padding materials of the individual breeding cages of the two parties to be paired are mixed every day, and in order to ensure that the body tastes of the two parties to be paired are consistent as much as possible, the source and the variety of fruits and vegetables fed by the two parties to be paired are consistent;
c. after the staged single-cage breeding, on the day of cage combination, padding and excrement of the paired species of mice are respectively smeared on the bodies of the two species of mice, and then cage combination pairing can be carried out.
2. A naked mole breeding match method as claimed in claim 1 wherein: in the step 2)/b, the padding materials of the individual rearing cages of the two parties to be paired are mixed every day, and the concrete operation is as follows: the equal amount of padding is taken out from the individual rearing cages of both parties respectively and mixed, and then divided into two equal amounts which are respectively scattered at each corner of the cages of both parties.
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