CN106842314B - The determination method of formation thickness - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of determination methods of formation thickness, comprising the following steps: raw data points progress plane fitting is obtained stratum fit Plane.Fit Plane progress gridding in stratum is obtained into stratigraphic grid fit Plane by interpolation fitting.The absolute difference that corresponding first interpolation of raw data points is determined by raw data points and stratigraphic grid fit Plane, handles the raw data points that absolute difference is in other than confidence interval and re-starts interpolation calculation.It is fitted difference method by bicubic, determines the normal vector of the section of point that is in the Mesh Fitting plane of stratum and being located at grid lines point of intersection；The time thresholding between the top interface on stratum and bottom interface is obtained according to normal vector.The actual thickness on stratum is determined according to the speed that time thresholding and elastic wave are propagated in stratum.Using this method, the actual thickness on stratum directly can be accurately determined with seismic data, help to be deposited into stratum the more accurately qualitative and quantitative analysis of row.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geological exploration fields, in particular to a kind of determination method of formation thickness.
Background technique
Petroleum industry passes through the development of over half a century, and the target of exploration and development becomes increasingly complex, and lithologic deposit is surveyed
Spy field temperature is higher and higher, and in sedimentation analytical technology, ancient times phase land restoration temperature is correspondinglyd increase, one of to close
Key link is seeking for formation thickness.
Formation thickness seeks the limitation of following several respects under the conditions of the prior art:
(1) formation thickness is sought being all based on seismic interpretation result construction top, the acquisition of bottom depth interface, construction top bottom interface
It is the smoothing processing after interpolation calculation, striked thickness is also apparent thickness.Its result not only has certain error, but also not
It can reflect true formation thickness form.Existing isopleth interpolation method is mostly Kriging regression, different for density degree
Initial data, influence of the mesh spacing to result is very big, and often interpolation result needs to carry out secondary smoothing processing.
(2) true formation thickness correction error is larger.The method for carrying out true thickness correction to apparent thickness at present, is all based on two
Geologic section is tieed up, Computing Principle is simpler: hVery=hDepending on×cosα.Wherein, hVeryAs true formation thickness, hDepending onAs stratum view is thick
Degree, α are the angle of apparent thickness and true thickness line in two dimensional cross-section, can be calculated and be obtained with stratigraphic dip.The defect of the calculation method
It is that the determination of stratigraphic dip does not consider the randomness of three-dimensional space point tendency, causes at certain point based on the true of two-dimentional geologic section
Thickness correction cannot represent true thickness on its three-dimensional space.
Therefore, on the basis of fully taking into account problem above, one kind is needed directly to seek stratum using seismic data true
The method of real thickness realizes that three-dimensional space true thickness is sought.
Summary of the invention
The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of determination methods of formation thickness, to solve thickness in the prior art
The big problem of the determination method error of degree.
To achieve the goals above, according to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of determination method of formation thickness, really
Method is determined the following steps are included: obtaining the raw data points on stratum, and raw data points progress plane fitting is obtained into stratum fitting
Plane；Fit Plane progress gridding in stratum is obtained into the stratigraphic grid fit Plane with grid by interpolation fitting；Pass through
Raw data points and stratigraphic grid fit Plane determine that corresponding first interpolation of raw data points is exhausted on depth of stratum direction
To difference, the raw data points that absolute difference is in other than confidence interval are handled and re-start interpolation calculation；It is logical
Bicubic fitting difference method is crossed, determines the method for the section of point that is in the Mesh Fitting plane of stratum and being located at grid lines point of intersection
Vector；The time thresholding between the top interface on stratum and bottom interface is obtained according to normal vector；Existed according to time thresholding and elastic wave
The speed propagated in stratum determines the actual thickness on stratum.
Further, stratigraphic grid fit Plane is obtained by Voronoi triangulation network interpolation.
Further, the interpolation of the grid lines intersection point in stratigraphic grid fit Plane is obtained by following formula:
Wherein,
A=y2-y1；B=z2(y1-y0)-z1(y2-y0)；C=x1-x2；D=z1(x2-x1)-z2(x2-x0)；E=(x1-x0)
(y2-y0)-(x2-x0)(y1-y0)；Wherein, x0、x1、x2、y0、y1、y2、z0、z1、z2Initial data respectively on grid lines intersection point
Point N (x0, y0, z0)、P1(x1, y1, z1)、P2(x2, y2, z2) coordinate.
Further, it is determined that method includes: to be determined using distance weighted average algorithm not in the original of grid lines point of intersection
Data point carries out the second interpolation calculation.
Further, the second interpolation is obtained by following formula:
Wherein, V is not in the raw data points of grid lines point of intersection in grid lines point of intersection
The distance of raw data points；ViIt is i-th point of the raw data points of grid lines point of intersection；diFor not in grid lines point of intersection
Raw data points are extremely in i-th of distance of i-th of raw data points of grid lines point of intersection.
Further, confidence interval σ, wherein σ=95%.
It further, further include carrying out the raw data points for being located at grid lines point of intersection before determining actual thickness
Coordinate transform does normal to the raw data points after coordinate transform, and normal intersects with the bottom interface on stratum, according to normal and ground
The intersection point of the bottom interface of layer determines the actual thickness between the top interface on stratum and bottom interface, wherein the normal vector of normal is really
It is quasi- by bicubic interpolation after the method for determining includes: the bed boundary three-dimensional space mathematical model for obtaining stratigraphic grid fit Plane
The discrete normal closed seeks the top on three-dimensional space along the direction right from a left side of x-axis, and along the top-down direction of y-axis
The normal vector of raw data points on interface.
Further, coordinate transform is obtained by following formula:
X'=p (X-X0)；Wherein, z'=z；nxFor the component along the x-axis direction of the normal vector；nyFor
The component along the y-axis direction of the normal vector；X' is transformed coordinate；P is coordinate conversion parameter；The X is positioned at grid lines
X coordinate of the raw data points of point of intersection under original coordinate system；The X0It is top interface normal eye point in original seat
X coordinate under mark system；z0For the coordinate for pushing up interface point；Z' is the top transformed coordinate of interface point.
Further, further include before the actual thickness between top interface and the bottom interface for determining stratum according to intersection with
Lower step: intersection and the bottom interface on stratum have the first intersection point, the point using bottom interface with top interface with identical abscissa as
Initial search point, since initial search point, the direction that is gradually reduced at a distance from intersection by preset step-length along bottom interface
Successively search for, when Searching point at a distance from intersection less than the first preset value when, which is denoted as the first intersection point, at this point, stop
Search, and determine the time thresholding of the first intersection point raw data points corresponding with intersection, existed according to time thresholding and elastic wave
The speed propagated in stratum determines actual thickness.
Further, further include before the actual thickness between top interface and the bottom interface for determining stratum according to intersection with
Lower step: intersection and the bottom interface on stratum have the first intersection point, with point Pi, point Pi+1As iteration initial point, point PiWith point Pi+1?
On bottom interface, and point PiWith point Pi+1Between have the second preset step-length, point P1Abscissa and intersection top interface on cross
Coordinate is identical, straight line PiPi+1When falling in the second preset value at a distance from the second intersection point and bottom interface of intersection, at this point, stopping
Search, the second intersection point are denoted as the first intersection point of the bottom interface on intersection and stratum, and determine the second intersection point original corresponding with intersection
The time thresholding of beginning data point determines actual thickness according to the speed that time thresholding and elastic wave are propagated in stratum；When second
When intersection point is greater than the second preset value at a distance from bottom interface, by point Pi+1It is denoted as starting point, by the second preset step-length along bottom interface
It is searched again for the direction being gradually reduced at a distance from intersection, until Pi+1+nIntersection point falls in the second preset value at a distance from bottom interface
It stops search when interior, and determines Pi+1+nThe time thresholding of raw data points corresponding with intersection, according to time thresholding and elasticity
The speed that wave is propagated in stratum determines actual thickness, wherein n is with point Pi+1For the number searched for after starting point.
Further, straight line PiPi+1With the abscissa X of the second intersection point of intersectioninterIt is obtained by following formula:
Wherein,
nxFor the component of normal along the x-axis direction；nyFor the component of normal along the y-axis direction；nzFor normal
Component along the z-axis direction；Wherein, x3、y3、z3、x4、y4、z4Respectively point Pi(x3, y3, z3), point Pi+1(x4, y4, z4) coordinate.
Apply the technical scheme of the present invention, the determination method the following steps are included: obtain stratum raw data points, will be former
Beginning data point carries out plane fitting and obtains stratum fit Plane.Fit Plane progress gridding in stratum is obtained by interpolation fitting
Stratigraphic grid fit Plane with grid.Determine that raw data points are corresponding with stratigraphic grid fit Plane by raw data points
Absolute difference of first interpolation on depth of stratum direction, the raw data points other than confidence interval are in for absolute difference
It is handled and re-starts interpolation calculation.By bicubic be fitted difference method, determine it is in the Mesh Fitting plane of stratum and
Normal vector positioned at the section of the point of grid lines point of intersection；According to normal vector obtain stratum top interface and bottom interface between when
Between thresholding.The actual thickness on stratum is determined according to the speed that time thresholding and elastic wave are propagated in stratum.Using this method, energy
Enough actual thickness that stratum is directly accurately determined with seismic data help to be deposited into stratum capable more accurately qualitative
And quantitative analysis.And then preferable exploration and development target is chosen, be conducive to the development of petroleum industry.
Detailed description of the invention
The accompanying drawings constituting a part of this application is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and of the invention shows
Examples and descriptions thereof are used to explain the present invention for meaning property, does not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 shows the determination method flow schematic diagram of the actual thickness on stratum according to the present invention；
Fig. 2 shows certain huge seismic grid data distribution schematic diagrames of block density degree difference in somewhere；
Fig. 3 shows equivalent using delaunay (Delaunay) trigonometric interpolation algorithm based on the seismic grid data in Fig. 2
Line interpolation result schematic diagram；
Fig. 4, which is shown, utilizes conventional Kriging regression algorithm isopleth interpolation result based on the seismic grid data in Fig. 2
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 shows distance weighted average meshes interpolation algorithm schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 shows top subsurface gridding interpolation calculation outcome quality control analysis chart；
Fig. 7 shows bottom interface gridding interpolation calculated result Quality Control Analysis figure；
Fig. 8 shows in normal fault the biggish region mode figure of error in true thickness calculating process；
Fig. 9 shows in reversed fault the biggish region mode figure of error in true thickness calculating process；
Figure 10 shows any two structural interface normal on three-dimensional space and is distributed geological model schematic diagram；
Figure 11 shows the three dimensional space coordinate of arbitrary point to two dimensional cross-section converting geologic model；
Figure 12 shows the normal and bottom interface intersection point search one by one method schematic illustration at any point on the interface of top；
Figure 13 shows Iterative search algorithm schematic illustration；
Figure 14 shows the three-dimensional space geological model in somewhere；And
Figure 15 shows the apparent thicknesses such as the 30m in somewhere geological model and true thickness calculated result figure in Figure 14.
Specific embodiment
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the features in the embodiments and the embodiments of the present application can phase
Mutually combination.The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe specific embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singular
Also it is intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " packet
Include " when, indicate existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or their combination.
It should be noted that the description and claims of this application and term " first " in above-mentioned attached drawing, "
Two " etc. be to be used to distinguish similar objects, without being used to describe a particular order or precedence order.It should be understood that using in this way
Term be interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, so that presently filed embodiment described herein for example can be in addition to herein
Sequence other than those of diagram or description is implemented.In addition, term " includes " and " having " and their any deformation, it is intended that
Be to cover it is non-exclusive include, for example, containing the process, method, system, product or equipment of a series of steps or units not
Those of be necessarily limited to be clearly listed step or unit, but may include be not clearly listed or for these processes, side
The intrinsic other step or units of method, product or equipment.
For ease of description, spatially relative term can be used herein, as " ... on ", " ... top ",
" ... upper surface ", " above " etc., for describing such as a device shown in the figure or feature and other devices or spy
The spatial relation of sign.It should be understood that spatially relative term is intended to comprising the orientation in addition to device described in figure
Except different direction in use or operation.For example, being described as if the device in attached drawing is squeezed " in other devices
It will be positioned as " under other devices or construction after part or construction top " or the device of " on other devices or construction "
Side " or " under other devices or construction ".Thus, exemplary term " ... top " may include " ... top " and
" in ... lower section " two kinds of orientation.The device can also be positioned with other different modes and (is rotated by 90 ° or in other orientation), and
And respective explanations are made to the opposite description in space used herein above.
Now, the illustrative embodiments according to the application are more fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings.However, these are exemplary
Embodiment can be implemented by many different forms, and should not be construed to be limited solely to embodiment party set forth herein
Formula.It should be understood that it is thoroughly and complete to these embodiments are provided so that disclosure herein, and these are shown
The design of example property embodiment is fully conveyed to those of ordinary skill in the art, in the accompanying drawings, for the sake of clarity, it is possible to expand
The big thickness of layer and region, and make that identical device is presented with like reference characters, thus omission retouches them
It states.
In conjunction with shown in Fig. 1 to Figure 15, according to an embodiment of the invention, providing a kind of determination method of formation thickness.
Specifically, the determination method the following steps are included: obtain stratum raw data points, raw data points are carried out flat
Face is fitted to obtain stratum fit Plane.Fit Plane progress gridding in stratum is obtained into the stratum with grid by interpolation fitting
Mesh Fitting plane.Determine corresponding first interpolation of raw data points on ground by raw data points and stratigraphic grid fit Plane
The raw data points that absolute difference is in other than confidence interval handle and again by the absolute difference on layer depth direction
Carry out interpolation calculation.It is fitted difference method by bicubic, determine in the Mesh Fitting plane of stratum and is located at grid lines intersection point
The normal vector of the section of the point at place.The time thresholding between the top interface on stratum and bottom interface is obtained according to normal vector.According to when
Between the speed propagated in stratum of thresholding and elastic wave determine the actual thickness on stratum.It, can be directly with ground using this method
Shake data accurately determines the actual thickness on stratum, helps to be deposited into stratum and goes more accurately qualitative and quantitatively divide
Analysis.And then preferable exploration and development target is chosen, be conducive to the development of petroleum industry.
Wherein, stratigraphic grid fit Plane is obtained by Voronoi triangulation network interpolation.Net in stratigraphic grid fit Plane
The interpolation of ruling intersection point is obtained by following formula:
Wherein,
A=y2-y1；B=z2(y1-y0)-z1(y2-y0)；C=x1-x2；D=z1(x2-x1)-z2(x2-x0)；E=(x1-x0)
(y2-y0)-(x2-x0)(y1-y0)；Wherein, x0、x1、x2、y0、y1、y2、z0、z1、z2Initial data respectively on grid lines intersection point
Point N (x0, y0, z0)、P1(x1, y1, z1)、P2(x2, y2, z2) coordinate.
It is determined using distance weighted average algorithm and does not carry out the second interpolation calculation in the raw data points of grid lines point of intersection.
Second interpolation is obtained by following formula:
Wherein, V is not in the raw data points of grid lines point of intersection in grid lines point of intersection
The distance of raw data points；ViIt is i-th point of the raw data points of grid lines point of intersection；diFor not in grid lines point of intersection
Raw data points are extremely in i-th of distance of i-th of raw data points of grid lines point of intersection.Wherein, confidence interval σ, wherein
σ=95%.
It further include being coordinately transformed the raw data points for being located at grid lines point of intersection before determining actual thickness,
Normal is done to the raw data points after coordinate transform, normal intersects with the bottom interface on stratum, according to the bottom circle of normal and stratum
The intersection point in face determines the actual thickness between the top interface on stratum and bottom interface.
Coordinate transform is obtained by following formula: X'=p (X-X0)；Wherein, z'=z；nxIt is described
The component along the x-axis direction of normal vector；nyFor the component along the y-axis direction of the normal vector；X' is transformed coordinate；P is coordinate
Transformation parameter；X coordinate of the X for the raw data points positioned at grid lines point of intersection under original coordinate system；X0To push up interface
X coordinate of the normal emergence point under original coordinate system, z0For the coordinate for pushing up interface point；nxFor the component of normal along the x-axis direction；ny
For the component of normal along the y-axis direction；Z' is the top transformed coordinate of interface point.
It is further comprising the steps of before determining the actual thickness between the top interface on stratum and bottom interface according to intersection: to hand over
Line and the bottom interface on stratum have the first intersection point, have the point of identical abscissa as initial ranging with top interface using bottom interface
Point, since initial search point, the direction being gradually reduced at a distance from intersection by preset step-length along bottom interface is successively searched for,
When Searching point at a distance from intersection less than the first preset value when, which is denoted as the first intersection point, at this point, stop search, and really
The time thresholding of fixed first intersection point raw data points corresponding with intersection, is propagated in stratum according to time thresholding and elastic wave
Speed determine actual thickness.Wherein, the normal direction method for determination of amount of normal includes: the stratum for obtaining stratigraphic grid fit Plane
After the three-dimensional space mathematical model of interface, by the discrete normal of bicubic interpolation fitting along the direction from the left side right side of x-axis, and
The normal vector of the raw data points on the top interface on three-dimensional space is sought along the top-down direction of y-axis.Hereinafter, will
Each top interface corresponding points (x0, y0, z0) normal vector be denoted as (nx, ny, nz)。
It is further comprising the steps of before determining the actual thickness between the top interface on stratum and bottom interface according to intersection: to hand over
Line and the bottom interface on stratum have the first intersection point, with point Pi, point Pi+1As iteration initial point, point PiWith point Pi+1In bottom interface
On, and point PiWith point Pi+1Between have the second preset step-length, point P1Abscissa on the interface of top of abscissa and intersection it is identical,
Straight line PiPi+1When falling in the second preset value at a distance from the second intersection point and bottom interface of intersection, at this point, stop search, second
Intersection point is denoted as the first intersection point of the bottom interface on intersection and stratum, and determines the second intersection point raw data points corresponding with intersection
Time thresholding determines actual thickness according to the speed that time thresholding and elastic wave are propagated in stratum；When the second intersection point and bottom circle
When the distance in face is greater than the second preset value, by point Pi+1Be denoted as starting point, by the second preset step-length along bottom interface and intersection away from
It is searched again for from the direction being gradually reduced, until Pi+1+nStop searching when falling in the second preset value at a distance from intersection point and bottom interface
Rope, and determine Pi+1+nThe time thresholding of raw data points corresponding with intersection, according to time thresholding and elastic wave in stratum
The speed of propagation determines actual thickness, wherein n is with point Pi+1For the number searched for after starting point.
Straight line PiPi+1With the abscissa X of the second intersection point of intersectioninterIt is obtained by following formula:
Wherein,
nxFor the component of normal along the x-axis direction；nyFor the component of normal along the y-axis direction；nzFor normal
Component along the z-axis direction；Wherein, x3、y3、z3、x4、y4、z4Respectively point Pi(x3, y3, z3), point Pi+1(x4, y4, z4) coordinate.
Specifically, the main purpose of the determination method is to provide that a kind of directly to seek stratum using seismic data really thick
The calculation method of degree is ground with solve that the formation thickness that the prior art in existing sedimentation analytical technology obtains often reflects
The apparent thickness of layer, many geological informations can be covered, cannot reflect the grand recessed pattern when sedimentation, which can
Stratum actual thickness is more accurately calculated, and then carries out more accurately qualitative to stratum sedimentary system background and quantitatively divides
Analysis.
To achieve the goals above, the calculation method of stratum actual thickness, above-mentioned determining method are sought using seismic data
It include: step S1, the quality that discrete data gridding interpolation calculates controls (QC), (buries at time-domain top bottom to earthquake explanation results
Deep interface) on the basis of original survey grid discrete data carries out gridding interpolation again, raw data points and being corresponding to it are inserted again
The grid node of value carries out absolute error calculating, and interpolation knot of the absolute error other than confidence interval is handled.Step
S2, three-dimensional space arbitrary point normal vector are sought, and difference algorithm are fitted using bicubic, to any net on three-dimensional top interface after grid
Lattice node directly seeks its normal vector.Step S3 is calculated three-dimensional space true thickness corresponding points (time-domain): any by top interface
Grid node is tracked along normal vector direction to bottom interface, and Iterative search algorithm is established, and is looked for normal vector and is corresponded to straight line and bottom interface
The distance between intersection point, and finally seek two nodes, obtain the true thickness of time-domain.Step S4, time and depth transfer, by time-domain
True thickness with formation velocity data, (stratum be averaged interval velocity or different well point be averaged, and the velocity field that interval velocity is formed is put down
Face) be converted to the true thickness of Depth Domain.
Above-mentioned steps S1 includes:
Step A, original T0 data solution are compiled and formatted: there are many kinds of initial data output formats, it is necessary first to
It converts them to the format needed and is handled.
Step B, gridding interpolation calculate: initial data is generally non-uniform three-dimensional grid data point, it is necessary first to pass through
Interpolation fitting obtains the surface points of gridding, uniform plane distribution.Choose the interpolation algorithm of delaunay (Delaunay) triangulation network
It realizes.
The definition of the delaunay triangulation network: it is the set of a series of connected but nonoverlapping triangle, and these three
Angular circumscribed circle does not include other any points in this face domain.There are two distinctive properties for its tool:
(1) circumscribed circle of each delaunay triangle does not include other any points in face, referred to as the delaunay triangulation network
Empty circumscribed circle property, this feature as creation the delaunay triangulation network a discrimination standard；
(2) its another property minimax angle property: every two adjacent triangular at convex quadrangle pair
Linea angulata, after being exchanged with each other, the minimum angle of six interior angles no longer increases.
The advantages of Delaunay triangulation network is well-formed, and data structure is simple, and data redudancy is small, and storage efficiency is high,
It is perfect harmony with irregular terrain surface specifications, it can indicate the zone boundary of linear character and superposition arbitrary shape, it is easily updated,
It is suitable for the data etc. of various distribution densities.
Specific algorithm is as follows:
It is now assumed that there is an interpolation point N (x in any one Voronoi polygon0, y0, z0), z0For the unknown of interpolation
Height value.P1(x1, y1, z1) and P2(x2, y2, z2) be adjacent Voronoi polygon Delaunay triangular apex, in this way
Just a new plane triangle is constituted, will be linked to be with the Delaunay triangular apex of all adjacent Voronoi polygons
Triangle projective planum forms one just then with N (x0, y0, z0) be public vertex polygonal pyramid.By N (x0, y0, z0) and P1(x1,
y1, z1), P2(x2, y2, z2) constitute plane normal vector are as follows:
nx=az0+ b, ny=cz0+ d, nz=e (1)
Wherein, a=y2-y1,
B=z2(y1-y0)-z1(y2-y0),
C=x1-x2,
D=z1(x2-x1)-z2(x2-x0),
E=(x1-x0)(y2-y0)-(x2-x0)(y1-y0),
It is unit vector by vector conversion in (1) formula, and the mean vector of all unit vectors is asked to obtain:
Nx=Az0+ B, Ny=Cz0+ D, Nx=1,
Wherein,
According to " the minimum curvature principle " in finite element, the unit vector and mean vector of any one triangle projective planum it
The quadratic sum of difference should reach minimum.So just:
The value that each network computation is calculated according to formula (2) is formed gridding interpolation as a result, with a two-dimensional array
Zi×jIt indicates, it may be assumed that
The advantages of algorithm is well-formed, and data structure is simple, and data redudancy is small, and storage efficiency is high, and irregular
Terrain surface specifications it is perfect harmony, can indicate the zone boundary of linear character and superposition arbitrary shape, it is easily updated, be suitable for each
The data etc. of kind distribution density.
Step C calculates the corresponding gridding interpolation node of initial data discrete point, for the original number not on grid node
Gridding interpolation node corresponding with raw data points is sought using distance weighted average algorithm in strong point.
Step D seeks absolute difference of the corresponding gridding interpolation node of raw data points in z value, and is counted,
Data other than 95% confidence interval are handled and carry out interpolation calculation again.
It should be pointed out that the data other than 95% confidence interval are often on the ground of fault development by repeatedly examining
Area, these error band node Z values are often jumped.In turn, it seeks testing by the thickness repeatedly to fault development area,
Often the isopleth region (as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9) containing fault information, striked thickness will appear abnormal jump point (maximum
Or negative value), it is controlled by quality, so that the variation for seeking result formation thickness meets deposition rule.
Another preferred embodiment of the determination method can also be that above-mentioned steps S2 includes:
After the bed boundary three-dimensional space mathematical model for obtaining gridding, the discrete normal based on bicubic fitting is sought calculating
Method is right from a left side in the x-direction, and the normal vector (n on three-dimensional space at each top interface node is sought in the direction y from top to bottomx, ny,
nz), (as shown in Figure 10).
It is better than forefathers' method herein, is to be sought based on two dimensional cross-section stratigraphic dip, but in fact, appoint on three-dimensional space
It anticipates the two dimensional cross-section in a direction, stratigraphic dip is different.Meanwhile in order to simplify the speed of calculating, we, which take, is directly asked
The normal vector at any point on three-dimensional space is taken, rather than seeks the thinking of normal vector after first asking any point to take section again,
It is tested according to multiple calculating speed, under the same terms, directly seeks normal vector calculating speed and improve 30%.
Another preferred embodiment of the determination method can also include that above-mentioned steps S3 includes:
Step A solves calculating true thickness (time-domain) firstly the need of by the straight line in three-dimensional space and is converted into two with curved surface
The straight line and curve of dimension are solved with facilitating.For this purpose, for the point (x on each top interface0, y0, z0) coordinate transform need to be made.
Step B, solved a known point straight line (i.e. stratum any point Ding Jie normal, lower abbreviation straight line) with
The intersection point of one discrete arbitrary surface (i.e. stratum Di Jie, lower abbreviation bottom interface).
Step C, after seeking intersection point, pushing up the geometric distance between interface point and corresponding intersection point is required true thickness
Value.
Step A includes: in above-mentioned steps S4
Coordinate transform: X'=p (X-X0), z'=z (5)
Wherein,I.e. by the arbitrary point (x, y, z) in three-dimensional space be converted to point in two dimensional cross-section (x,
z).This two dimensional cross-section has following two feature:
(x in the corresponding former three-dimensional space of coordinate origin0, y0, 0).
For all the points in this section, guarantee will not lose any useful information on normal.
Another preferred embodiment of the determination method can be with are as follows: step B includes: normal and bottom circle in above-mentioned steps S4
Face intersection point method for solving:
1) search one by one method；
Search one by one method is that simply (this point calls bottom circle in the following text to the initial point from bottom interface with top interface with identical x coordinate
Face corresponding points) start, along the direction that bottom interface and linear distance gradually decrease, according to certain step-length forward search (as schemed
Shown in 12).When straight line is less than certain value at a distance from bottom interface curve, that is, think that the two intersection point is found, search stops.
2) iterative method searches for intersection point；Iterative search rule is that (as shown in figure 13) is made of the following steps:
(1) initial value is taken: by two except bottom interface corresponding points identical with search one by one method and a lesser step-length
Point is constituted, and ordering is P1And P2。
(2) P is sought1、P2The x coordinate X of the intersection point (hereinafter referred to as line intersection point) of line and straight lineinter, and ask and have with intersection point
The z coordinate for the point (hereinafter referred to as line intersection point corresponding points) of identical x coordinate being located on bottom interface.
In formula, nx、nzNormal vector x, the z durection component put on interface is respectively pushed up,x3、y3、z3、
x4、y4、z4Respectively point P1(x3, y3, z3), point P2(x4, y4, z4) corresponding new coordinate, z0To push up interface point z-axis coordinate.
(3) if less than one definite value of z coordinate difference (such as 10 of line intersection point corresponding points and line intersection point-4), then it is assumed that line is handed over
Point is the intersection point to be asked, and iteration terminates.Otherwise 4 are gone to step.
(4) if line intersection point corresponding points and the z coordinate difference of line intersection point are greater than a definite value, P is enabled2For P1, line intersection point correspondence
Point is P2, go to step 2.
Almost in all cases, iterative search method it is faster than search one by one method 3~5 times and have identical precision,
Still select main algorithm of the iterative search method as this calculation method, search one by one method is as secondary algorithm.Meanwhile it is logical
The above searching method is crossed, by many experiments, the searching of intersection point fully takes into account the not true of bottom interface stratum fluctuations form
It is qualitative.
Wherein, in Figure 13, the starting point for showing search initial point of the part a is P1Position, b partially illustrate carry out
With P when binary search2For the schematic diagram of search starting point.
Further, above-mentioned steps S4 includes:
Time and depth transfer is carried out to the true thickness Value Data that step C in step S3 is obtained, obtains the true thickness data of Depth Domain,
Speed data is that stratum be averaged interval velocity or different well point is averaged the velocity field plane that interval velocity formed herein.
Specifically, some three-dimensional area being distributed with two-dimension earthquake survey line of somewhere is chosen, two sets of stratum is chosen and rises
Lie prostrate biggish layer position.The regional earthquake data have the following characteristics that (1) seismic grid density degree difference is big, some areas 3D
Seismic grid overlapping, part 2D seismic survey lines are Chong Die with 3D seismic grid, and there are also some areas to only have the biggish 2D earthquake of spacing
Screen work line.(2) layer position fault development is chosen, stratum fluctuating difference is big, has some areas stratigraphic dip smaller, with there are some areas
Inclination layer is larger.Choose typical case and complexity of the region in view of its data.Forefathers are directly asked by Depth Domain structural interface
Take formation thickness, but there is any discrepancy for some areas formation thickness and deposition understanding, it is preferred to influence exploration targets, is unable to meet production skill
Art requirement.The process of body is divided into four steps, is respectively as follows:
The first step, discrete data gridding interpolation calculate: original to earthquake explanation results (time-domain top bottom buried depth interface)
Survey grid discrete data carries out again on the basis of gridding interpolation (select delaunay trigonometric interpolation algorithm) calculates, to grid data into
The control of row quality.
Concretely, step A, original T0 data solution are compiled and formatted: there are many kinds of initial data output formats,
Firstly the need of the format for converting them to need and handled.Calculating can directly be participated in by obtaining this technology after the completion of this step
Data type.
Step B, gridding interpolation calculate: initial data is generally non-uniform three-dimensional grid data point, it is necessary first to pass through
Interpolation fitting obtains the surface points of gridding, uniform plane distribution.Choose the interpolation algorithm of delaunay (Delaunay) triangulation network
It realizes, algorithm is for example aforementioned.
Calculated result shows that the selection of interpolation algorithm has greater advantage.As shown in Figures 2 to 4, identical data is identical
Under the conditions of mesh spacing delaunay (Delaunay) triangle gridding interpolation algorithm with gram in golden mesh interpolation algorithm interpolation result pair
Than (Fig. 2 is the huge seismic grid data distribution of density degree difference；Fig. 3 is delaunay trigonometric interpolation algorithm interpolation result；Figure
4 be Kriging regression algorithm interpolation result).Certain region interface the T0 3-D seismics survey grid and two-dimension earthquake survey grid of this area are former
Beginning data point distribution, data characteristics: density gap is big, partial region two groups of numerical value containing same node.Its result delaunay triangle
Mesh interpolation algorithm survey grid density degree influences interpolation result little.Kriging regression arithmetic result: 3-D seismics survey grid weight
Folded region or two-dimentional survey grid spacing are excessive, and error to a certain degree occurs in interpolation result, as in Fig. 3 I, II with I ' in attached drawing 4,
Ⅱ’。
The quality of step C, interpolation calculation result control (QC): to the grid of raw data points and the interpolation that is corresponding to it again
Node carries out absolute error calculating, and interpolation knot of the absolute error other than confidence interval is handled.
Concretely, ancestor node and grid node have not plyability, therefore, it is desirable to obtain corresponding with ancestor node
Grid node is needed through calculation processing, and Computing Principle is as shown in figure 5, its calculation formula is as follows:
On this basis, by seeking absolute difference of the corresponding gridding interpolation node of raw data points in z value, and
It is counted, obtains top round floor absolute difference normalized frequency distribution histogram (as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7).For being in
Data other than 95% confidence interval are handled and carry out interpolation calculation again, and interpolation result is referring to the first step again, again
Interpolation result is based on the data of surrounding normal node (i.e. nodal value is in the point in confidence interval).
As shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9, it shows through the multiple biggish region of computational practice true thickness error calculated, it is past
Toward the area for being fault development.
Second step, three-dimensional space arbitrary point normal vector are sought: difference algorithm are fitted with bicubic, to three-dimensional top after grid
Any grid node directly seeks its normal vector on interface.As shown in Figure 10, pass through three-dimensional space arbitrary point (x0, y0, z0) at method
Vector is directly sought.
Third step calculates three-dimensional space true thickness corresponding points (time-domain): by the top any grid node in interface along normal direction
Amount direction is tracked to bottom interface, by iterative algorithm, is looked for normal vector and is corresponded to straight line and bottom interface intersection point, and finally seeks two
The distance between node obtains the true thickness of time-domain.4th step needs to complete following three steps；
Step A solves calculating true thickness (time-domain) firstly the need of by the straight line in three-dimensional space and is converted into two with curved surface
The straight line and curve of dimension are solved with facilitating.For this purpose, for the point (x on each top interface0, y0, z0) coordinate transform need to be made.
This step as shown in figure 11, in the case where third step normal vector obtains, needs to be converted into a two-dimentional boundary
On face, therefore, it is necessary to be converted by coordinate transform formula.Its formula is as follows:
Coordinate transform: X'=p (X-X0), z'=z；
Wherein,I.e. by the arbitrary point (x, y, z) in three-dimensional space be converted to point in two dimensional cross-section (x,
z)。
This two dimensional cross-section has following two feature: (1) (the x in the corresponding former three-dimensional space of coordinate origin0, y0, 0) and point, side
Just it calculates；(2) for all the points in this section, guarantee will not lose any useful information on normal.
This step is completed, convenient for the search of the intersection point of normal and bottom interface.Because the search of intersection point is not only counted on three-dimensional space
It is complicated to calculate principle, and calculation amount is larger, by many experiments, is transferred in two dimensional cross-section, on calculated result without influence, meter
It calculates principle simply and calculation amount reduces.
Step B, solved a known point straight line (i.e. stratum any point Ding Jie normal, lower abbreviation straight line) with
The intersection point of one discrete arbitrary surface (i.e. stratum Di Jie, lower abbreviation bottom interface).
As shown in Figure 12 and Fig. 9, in the two dimensional cross-section of step A conversion, chooses search one by one method and iterative search method is searched
Rope intersection point.
1) search one by one method is found intersection；
Search one by one method is that simply (this point calls bottom circle in the following text to the initial point from bottom interface with top interface with identical x coordinate
Face corresponding points) start, along the direction that bottom interface and linear distance gradually decrease, according to certain step-length forward search (as schemed
Shown in 12).When straight line is less than certain value at a distance from bottom interface curve, that is, think that the two intersection point is found, search stops.
2) iterative search method is found intersection；Iterative search rule is that (as shown in figure 13) is made of the following steps:
(1) initial value is taken: by two except bottom interface corresponding points identical with search one by one method and a lesser step-length
Point is constituted, and ordering is P1And P2。
(2) P is sought by following companies1、P2The x coordinate X of the intersection point (hereinafter referred to as line intersection point) of line and straight lineinter, and
Seek the z coordinate for the point (hereinafter referred to as line intersection point corresponding points) being located on bottom interface that there is identical x coordinate with intersection point.
In formula, nx、nzNormal vector x, the z durection component put on interface is respectively pushed up,x3、y3、z3、
x4、y4、z4Respectively P1、P2Corresponding new coordinate, z0To push up interface point z coordinate.
(3) if less than one definite value of z coordinate difference (such as 10 of line intersection point corresponding points and line intersection point-4), then it is assumed that line is handed over
Point is the intersection point to be asked, and iteration terminates.Otherwise 4 are gone to step.
(4) if line intersection point corresponding points and the z coordinate difference of line intersection point are greater than a definite value, P is enabled2For P1, line intersection point correspondence
Point is P2, go to step 2.
Step C, after seeking intersection point, pushing up the geometric distance between interface point and corresponding intersection point is required true thickness
(time-domain) value.
By above four step, that is, obtain the formation thickness data of time-domain.In turn；
5th step, time and depth transfer: by the true thickness of time-domain, with formation velocity data, (stratum is averaged interval velocity or not
It is averaged the velocity field plane of interval velocity formation with well point) be converted to the thickness of Depth Domain.
By seeking and recognizing with former formation thickness to compare to Junggar Basin block true formation thickness, find on ground
The biggish area of inclination layer, thickness change differ greatly, meanwhile, many low convex and groove forms also have slight change.Such as Figure 14
It is shown, the tectonic model of a 30m equal thickness is established, by the calculation method calculated result in the area of higher formation clination, very
Thickness is smaller, and is gradually increased with inclination angle, and thickness also gradually becomes smaller (as shown in figure 15).
In the above-described embodiments, it all emphasizes particularly on different fields to the description of each embodiment, there is no the portion being described in detail in some embodiment
Point, reference can be made to the related descriptions of other embodiments.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of determination method of formation thickness, which is characterized in that the determining method the following steps are included:
Raw data points progress plane fitting is obtained stratum fit Plane by the raw data points for obtaining stratum；
Fit Plane progress gridding in stratum is obtained into the stratigraphic grid fit Plane with grid by interpolation fitting；
Corresponding first interpolation of the raw data points is determined by the raw data points and the stratigraphic grid fit Plane
Absolute difference on depth of stratum direction is at the raw data points other than confidence interval the absolute difference
It manages and re-starts interpolation calculation；
It is fitted difference method by bicubic, determines point that is in the stratigraphic grid fit Plane and being located at grid lines point of intersection
Section normal vector；
The time thresholding between the top interface on stratum and bottom interface is obtained according to the normal vector；
The actual thickness on stratum is determined according to the speed that the time thresholding and elastic wave are propagated in stratum.
2. determining method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the stratigraphic grid fit Plane passes through Voronoi
Triangulation network interpolation obtains.
3. determining method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the grid in the stratigraphic grid fit Plane
The interpolation of line intersection point is obtained by following formula:
Wherein,
A=y2-y1；
B=z2(y1-y0)-z1(y2-y0)；
C=x1-x2；
D=z1(x2-x1)-z2(x2-x0)；
E=(x1-x0)(y2-y0)-(x2-x0)(y1-y0)；
Wherein, x1、y1、z1For raw data points P1Coordinate, x2、y2、z2For raw data points P2Coordinate, x0、y0、z0It is to be inserted
It is worth the coordinate of point N, z0For the unknown height value of interpolation.
4. determining method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the determining method includes:
Using distance weighted average algorithm to not in the raw data points the second interpolation meter of progress of the grid lines point of intersection
It calculates.
5. determining method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that second interpolation is obtained by following formula:
Wherein,
The V is not in the raw data points of the grid lines point of intersection in the described original of the grid lines point of intersection
The distance of data point；
The ViIt is i-th point of the raw data points of the grid lines point of intersection；
diFor not the raw data points of the grid lines point of intersection to the grid lines point of intersection i-th of original
I-th of distance of beginning data point.
6. determining method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the confidence interval is σ, wherein σ=95%.
7. determining method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include before determining the actual thickness, it will
The raw data points positioned at grid lines point of intersection are coordinately transformed, and are done to the raw data points after coordinate transform
Normal, the normal intersect with the bottom interface on stratum, and the top on stratum is determined according to the intersection point of the normal and the bottom interface on stratum
The actual thickness between interface and bottom interface, wherein the normal direction method for determination of amount of the normal includes:
After the bed boundary three-dimensional space mathematical model for obtaining the stratigraphic grid fit Plane, difference side is fitted by bicubic
The discrete normal of method seeks the top on three-dimensional space along the direction right from a left side of x-axis, and along the top-down direction of y-axis
The normal vector of the raw data points on interface.
8. determining method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the coordinate transform is obtained by following formula:
X'=p (X-X0)；
Wherein,
Z '=z0；
nxFor the component along the x-axis direction of the normal vector；
nyFor the component along the y-axis direction of the normal vector；
The X' is transformed coordinate；
The p is coordinate conversion parameter；
X coordinate of the X for the raw data points positioned at grid lines point of intersection under original coordinate system；
The X0For x coordinate of the top interface normal eye point under original coordinate system；
The z0For the coordinate for pushing up interface point；
The z' is the top transformed coordinate of interface point.
9. determining method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that determine the top circle on stratum in the intersection according to grid lines
It is further comprising the steps of before the actual thickness between face and bottom interface:
The intersection and the bottom interface on stratum have the first intersection point, the point using bottom interface with top interface with identical abscissa as
Initial search point is gradually subtracted at a distance from the intersection by preset step-length along bottom interface since the initial search point
Small direction is successively searched for, when Searching point at a distance from the intersection less than the first preset value when, which is denoted as described
One intersection point at this point, stopping search, and determines the described of first intersection point raw data points corresponding with the intersection
Time thresholding determines the actual thickness according to the speed that the time thresholding and the elastic wave are propagated in stratum.
10. determining method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that determine the top on stratum in the intersection according to grid lines
It is further comprising the steps of before the actual thickness between interface and bottom interface:
The intersection and the bottom interface on stratum have the first intersection point, with point Pi, point Pi+1As iteration initial point, the point PiWith institute
State point Pi+1On the bottom interface, and the point PiWith the point Pi+1Between have the second preset step-length, point P1Abscissa
It is identical as abscissa of the intersection on the interface of top, straight line PiPi+1At a distance from the second intersection point and bottom interface of the intersection
When falling in the second preset value, at this point, stopping search, second intersection point is denoted as the described of the bottom interface on the intersection and stratum
First intersection point, and determine the time thresholding of second intersection point raw data points corresponding with the intersection, root
The actual thickness is determined according to the speed that the time thresholding and the elastic wave are propagated in stratum；
When second intersection point is greater than the second preset value at a distance from bottom interface, by the point Pi+1It is denoted as starting point, by described
Second preset step-length is searched again for along the direction that bottom interface is gradually reduced at a distance from the intersection, until Pi+1+nIntersection point with
The distance of bottom interface stops search when falling in second preset value, and determines the Pi+1+nInstitute corresponding with the intersection
The time thresholding for stating raw data points is determined according to the speed that the time thresholding and the elastic wave are propagated in stratum
The actual thickness, wherein n is with point Pi+1For the number searched for after starting point.
11. determining method according to claim 10, which is characterized in that the straight line PiPi+1It is handed over the second of the intersection
The abscissa X of pointinterIt is obtained by following formula:
Wherein,
The nxFor the component of the normal along the x-axis direction；
The nyFor the component of the normal along the y-axis direction；
The nzFor the component of the normal along the z-axis direction；
z0To push up interface point z-axis coordinate；
Wherein, x3、y3、z3、x4、y4、z4Respectively point Pi(x3, y3, z3), the point Pi+1(x4, y4, z4) coordinate.
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