CN106841317B - Device for measuring conductivity of polluted soil and monitoring change of electrical parameters in electroosmosis process in real time - Google Patents
Device for measuring conductivity of polluted soil and monitoring change of electrical parameters in electroosmosis process in real time Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for measuring the conductivity of polluted soil and monitoring the change of electrical parameters in an electroosmosis process in real time, which comprises a computer, a data acquisition system, an organic glass cylinder, a program control power box, a TDR100 tester, a temperature detection module, a voltage detection module, a current detection module, a LAQUA conductivity tester, an electronic scale and a filtering and collecting bottle, wherein the computer is used for acquiring the data of the polluted soil; a metal tube is arranged on the central axis of the organic glass cylinder to be used as a cathode, and EKG geotextile is wound on the inner wall of the organic glass cylinder to be used as an anode; the side wall of the metal pipe is provided with small holes, and the outer layer of the metal pipe is wrapped with geotextile; electroosmotic drainage enters the metal pipe through the geotextile and then enters the filtering and collecting bottle through a drainage hole at the bottom of the organic glass cylinder and a drainage guide pipe; the three temperature sensors are respectively inserted into the cathode soil body, the anode soil body and the soil body between the cathode and the anode; the device of the invention uniformly manages the working state of the node device under the data acquisition system by the computer, is convenient and efficient to research the change rule of the electrical parameters, and has more accurate and effective conductivity measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of indoor polluted soil electrical parameter testing and collecting test instruments, and relates to a polluted soil conductivity measuring and electroosmosis process electrical parameter change real-time monitoring device.
Background
Along with the accelerated development of the urbanization process, human life gradually generates greater and greater influence on the environment, domestic garbage, chemical industry, sewage irrigation and the like all generate certain influence on soil bodies, the polluted soil foundations are developed and used, and the electroosmosis reinforcement characteristics of the polluted soil foundations are obviously different from those of common soil. The polluted soil is complex in ion composition and often contains partial heavy metal ions, and the migration of the heavy metal ions can cause great influence on surrounding underground water and soil.
The electrical characteristics of the heavy metal ion polluted soil are greatly different from those of common soil, and the heavy metal ion polluted soil often has higher conductivity and complex electrical characteristics, so that the conductivity characteristics of the heavy metal ion polluted soil need to be specially researched. The existing device for measuring the conductivity of the soil body usually applies voltage to a sample with the size of a cutting ring by using an electrode plate, and then the influence of temperature change on the electrical characteristics of the conductivity of the soil body and the like is measured at different temperatures. In addition, in the process of carrying out electroosmosis drainage reinforcement test on the polluted soil, the change rule of electrical parameters such as conductivity is complex, although parameters such as voltage and current can be monitored in real time, the measurement of the conductivity parameter depends on formula derivation or a conductivity sensor, the formula derivation result is often inaccurate, the conductivity sensor is difficult to reasonably arrange in the electroosmosis process, and no suitable device can be used for monitoring the conductivity of the soil body, the conductivity of pore water, the temperature and other basic electrical parameters in the electroosmosis test process in real time at present, so that the invention provides the test device and the method for measuring the conductivity and monitoring the change of the parameters such as the conductivity in the electroosmosis process, and lays a foundation for the research on the electrical characteristics of the polluted soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for measuring the conductivity of polluted soil and monitoring the change of electrical parameters in an electroosmosis process in real time aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a device for measuring the conductivity of polluted soil and monitoring the change of electrical parameters in an electroosmosis process in real time comprises: the device comprises a computer, a data acquisition system, an organic glass cylinder, a program control power box, a TDR100 tester, a temperature detection module, a voltage detection module, a current detection module, a LAQUA conductivity tester, an electronic scale and a filtering collection bottle.
A metal tube is arranged on the central axis of the organic glass cylinder and used as a cathode, EKG (expanded glass cloth) geotechnical cloth is wound on the inner wall of the organic glass cylinder and used as an anode, and the anode and the cathode are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the program control power box; the side wall of the metal pipe is provided with small holes, and the outer layer of the metal pipe is wrapped with geotextile; a drain hole is formed in the middle of the bottom of the organic glass cylinder; electroosmosis drainage enters the metal pipe through the geotextile and then enters the filtering and collecting bottle through the drainage hole and the drainage guide pipe; the filtration and collection bottle and the LAQUA conductivity tester are both arranged on an electronic scale; inserting a glass tube electrode of the LAQUA conductivity tester into a filtering and collecting bottle; the top of the organic glass cylinder is covered with an organic glass cover plate; the temperature detection module consists of three temperature sensors, and the three temperature sensors penetrate through the small holes of the organic glass cover plate and are respectively inserted into the cathode soil body, the anode soil body and the soil body between the cathode and the anode; three bolt holes are drilled in the side wall of the organic glass cylinder from top to bottom, and three TDR probes of the TDR100 tester penetrate through the bolt holes to be fixedly connected with the organic glass cylinder; the TDR100 tester is connected with a computer through a coaxial cable; the voltage detection module is connected with the program control power box in parallel and is used for detecting the voltage of the electroosmosis loop and transmitting the voltage to the data acquisition system; the current detection module is connected with the program control power box in series and is used for detecting the current of the electroosmosis loop and transmitting the current to the data acquisition system; the LAQUA conductivity tester is used for detecting the conductivity of electroosmosis discharged water, namely pore water, and transmitting detection data to a data acquisition system; the temperature detection module is used for measuring the temperatures of different positions in the soil body and transmitting the temperatures to the data acquisition system; the data acquisition system is connected with the computer.
Furthermore, the data acquisition system and the program control power box are in wired communication, so that reliable transmission and control of signals can be realized; the data acquisition system is connected with the computer through a wireless communication module, and the wireless communication module is a GSM/GPRS communication module.
Furthermore, the current detection module adopts a digital display ammeter which can be used for visually displaying data and transmitting the data to a data acquisition system; the voltage detection module adopts a digital display voltmeter, and the digital display voltmeter can be used for visually displaying data and transmitting the data to the data acquisition system.
Furthermore, a circle of metal strip is fixed on the top of the anode, so that the uniform conductive effect can be ensured in the electroosmosis process.
Further, the metal pipe is an iron pipe.
Further, the temperature sensor 7 adopts an ELECALL open probe type thermocouple temperature sensor, the thermal response time is less than 5 seconds, and the tolerance range is +/-1.5 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The device for measuring the conductivity of the polluted soil and monitoring the change of the electrical parameters in the electroosmosis process in real time uniformly manages the working state of the node device under the data acquisition system by the computer, and all important electrical parameters in the electroosmosis process, such as voltage, current, soil conductivity, pore water conductivity, temperature and the like, can be measured in real time by the computer, so that the change rule of the electrical parameters can be conveniently and efficiently researched.
(2) The problem of errors caused by idealized assumptions in formula derivation calculation can be avoided, and the TDR system can ensure that the conductivity measurement is more accurate and effective.
(3) The device can also realize the function of testing the conductivity of the soil body at different temperatures, the existing device for measuring the conductivity of the soil body usually applies voltage to a sample with the size of a cutting ring by using an electrode plate, the electrode plate can cause great disturbance to the soil body in the operation process, the insulativity of the device around the soil sample can also cause great influence on the test result, and the device can more efficiently obtain the conductivity and the temperature change rule of the polluted soil by using a TDR100 tester and temperature correction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a TDR probe of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a fitting relation curve of soil body conductivity and pore water conductivity;
in the figure: 1-computer, 2-data acquisition system, 3-plexiglass cylinder, 4-cathode, 5-anode, 6-TDR100 tester, 7-temperature sensor, 8-TDR probe, 9-program control power box, 10-voltage detection module, 11-current detection module, 13-filtration collection bottle, 14-electronic scale, 15-drainage conduit, 16-LAQUA conductivity tester, 17-wireless communication module, 18-glass tube electrode, 19-coaxial cable, 71-connecting wire, 72-epoxy resin, 73-probe head.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the device for measuring the conductivity of contaminated soil and monitoring the change of electrical parameters in an electroosmosis process in real time provided by the invention comprises: the device comprises a computer 1, a data acquisition system 2, an organic glass cylinder 3, a program control power box 9, a TDR100 tester (electromagnetic wave time domain reflection method) 6, a temperature detection module, a voltage detection module 10, a current detection module 11, a LAQUA conductivity tester 16, an electronic scale 14 and a filtering collection bottle 13.
A metal tube is arranged on the central axis of the organic glass cylinder 3 to serve as a cathode 4, EKG geotextile is wound on the inner wall of the organic glass cylinder to serve as an anode 5, and the anode 5 and the cathode 4 are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of a program control power box 9; the metal pipe can be an iron pipe. The side wall of the metal pipe is provided with small holes, and the outer layer of the metal pipe is wrapped with geotextile; a drain hole is formed in the middle of the bottom of the organic glass cylinder 3; electroosmotic drainage enters the metal pipe through the geotextile and then enters the filtering and collecting bottle 13 through the drainage hole and the drainage conduit 15; the filtration collection bottle 13 and the LAQUA conductivity tester 16 are both placed on an electronic scale 14; a glass tube electrode 18 of the LAQUA conductivity tester 16 is inserted into the filtering and collecting bottle 13, and the conductivity value of electroosmotic drainage, namely pore water, is collected at regular intervals; the filtering and collecting bottle 13 has two functions of filtering and collecting water, and electroosmosis discharged water can filter fine soil particles in the electroosmosis discharged water after passing through the filter paper on the top of the filtering and collecting bottle 13, so that the glass tube electrode 18 of the LAQUA conductivity tester 16 is not influenced by soil mixed in the electroosmosis discharged water, and the conductivity of the electroosmosis discharged water can be accurately tested. The top of the organic glass cylinder 3 is covered with an organic glass cover plate; the temperature detection module consists of three temperature sensors 7, and the three temperature sensors 7 penetrate through the small holes of the organic glass cover plate and are respectively inserted into the soil body between the cathode soil body and the anode soil body and the soil body between the cathode and the anode; 3 bolt holes are punched on the side wall of the organic glass cylinder 3 from top to bottom, three TDR probes 8 of the TDR100 tester 6 penetrate through the bolt holes to be fixedly connected with the organic glass cylinder 3, the electroosmosis process is guaranteed not to move along with the settlement of a soil body, and the soil body or moisture inside the organic glass cylinder 3 can be guaranteed not to leak. The arrangement of the upper, middle and lower 3 groups of probes on the organic glass cylinder 3 can accurately measure the change condition of the conductivity of different positions in the soil body in the electroosmosis process; the TDR100 tester 6 is connected with the computer 1 through a coaxial cable 19; the voltage detection module 10 is connected with the program control power box 9 in parallel and is used for detecting the voltage of the electroosmosis loop and transmitting the voltage to the data acquisition system 2; the current detection module 11 is connected with the program control power box 9 in series and used for detecting the current of the electroosmosis loop and transmitting the current to the data acquisition system 2; the voltage detection module 10 and the current detection module 11 can analyze the reinforcing effect of electroosmosis drainage in real time and find abnormal conditions; the LAQUA conductivity tester 16 is used for detecting the conductivity of electroosmotic drainage water, namely pore water, and transmitting detection data to the data acquisition system 2; the temperature detection module is used for measuring the temperatures of different positions in the soil body and transmitting the temperatures to the data acquisition system 2; the data acquisition system 2 is connected with the computer 1.
Furthermore, the data acquisition system 2 and the program control power box 9 are in wired communication, so that reliable transmission and control of signals can be realized; the data acquisition system 2 is connected with the computer 1 through a wireless communication module 17, and the wireless communication module is a GSM/GPRS communication module. The TDR100 tester 6 is connected into the computer 1 through a data transmission line, so that effective transmission of data can be ensured, and conductivity data in soil can be obtained in real time.
Furthermore, the current detection module 11 adopts a digital display ammeter which can be used for visually displaying data and transmitting the data to the data acquisition system 2; the voltage detection module 10 adopts a digital display voltmeter, and the digital display voltmeter can be used for visually displaying data and transmitting the data to the data acquisition system 2.
Furthermore, a circle of metal strip is fixed on the top of the anode 5, so that the uniform conductive effect can be ensured in the electroosmosis process.
Further, the temperature sensor 7 adopts an ELECALL open probe type thermocouple temperature sensor, the thermal response time is less than 5 seconds, and the tolerance range is +/-1.5 ℃.
Examples
In this embodiment, the temperature detection module is composed of 3 temperature sensors 8 with a length of 12cm and a diameter of 5 mm; the inner edge of the plexiglass cylinder 3 is 28.5cm in size and 30cm in height, and a small hole with the diameter of 15mm is drilled at the bottom and connected with a drainage conduit 15 to extend into the filtering and collecting bottle 13. 3 right side wall from the top down of organic glass cylinder 3 evenly beat 3 diameter 20 mm's aperture, pass bolt hole and organic glass cylinder 3 fixed connection with three TDR probe 8 of TDR100 tester 6. When the TDR100 tester 6 is used, the longer the probe length is, the more accurate dielectric constant value can be obtained, the TDR probe 8 in the TDR100 tester 6 is 12cm in length and 5mm in diameter, and sufficient measurement precision can be guaranteed.
As shown in fig. 2, the TDR probe 8 includes a connection wire 71, an epoxy resin 72, and three probe tips 73; the tip of the probe head 73 is embedded in epoxy resin 72, and the probe head 73 is connected to the coaxial cable 19 through a connecting wire 71. The three-needle probe is selected, so that the structure of the coaxial cable can be ensured to be as close as possible, and the disturbance to the soil body when the conductivity characteristic is measured can be reduced.
The device for measuring the conductivity of the polluted soil and monitoring the change of the electrical parameters in the electroosmosis process in real time can realize two functions:
function one: testing the conductivity of the polluted soil at different temperatures, and researching the influence of the soil body temperature on the conductivity change;
(1) Firstly, an EKG geotextile electrode surrounds the inner wall of an organic glass cylinder 3 to be used as an anode 5, a metal tube is fixed in the middle of the organic glass cylinder 3 to be used as a cathode 4, a TDR probe 8 of a TDR100 tester 6 is fixed at a corresponding position through a bolt hole on the side wall of the organic glass cylinder 3 according to design, soil is filled into the organic glass cylinder 3 in a layered mode, and an organic glass cover plate is covered;
(2) Respectively connecting the anode 5 and the cathode 4 with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a programmable power supply box 9, connecting a current detection module 11 with the programmable power supply box 9 in series for detecting the current of an electroosmosis loop, and connecting a voltage detection module 10 with the programmable power supply box 9 in parallel for detecting the voltage of the electroosmosis loop;
(3) Inserting the temperature sensor 8 into the cathode soil body, the anode soil body and the soil body between the cathode and the anode respectively through the small hole of the organic glass cover plate, and monitoring the real-time temperature of different positions in the soil body in the process of testing the conductivity;
(4) The organic glass cylinder 3 is put into an environment box to control the temperature in the soil body to be constant, the temperature controlled by the experiment design environment box is 10 ℃,13 ℃ and 16 ℃, and the temperature is increased to 60 ℃ according to the rule. Taking the constant temperature of 20 ℃ as an example, after the monitoring data of the analysis temperature sensor 8 is stabilized at 20 ℃, the TDR100 tester 6 is used for testing the conductivity value in the soil body at the moment.
(5) Since the conductivity of contaminated soil is much higher than that of ordinary soil, the conductivity EC is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula: k is the geometric parameter of the probe (m) -1 )；Z u Is the characteristic impedance (Ω) of the cable; rho ∞ Is the final stabilized reflection coefficient, and can use rho ∞ ＝(V ∞ -V 0 )/V 0 Is determined in which V ∞ Is the final regulated voltage, V 0 Is the transmission step pulse voltage of the TDR100 tester 6.
And a second function: and (3) monitoring the changes of the soil body conductivity, the pore water conductivity, the temperature and other basic electrical parameters in the electroosmosis process in real time, and researching the electroosmosis mechanism of the polluted soil.
(1) Firstly, an EKG geotextile electrode surrounds the inner wall of an organic glass cylinder 3 to be used as an anode 5, a metal tube is fixed in the middle of the organic glass cylinder 3 to be used as a cathode 4, a TDR probe 7 is fixed at a corresponding position through a bolt hole on the side wall of the organic glass cylinder 3 according to design, a soil body is filled into the organic glass cylinder 3 in a layered mode, and an organic glass cover plate is covered;
(2) Connecting the anode 5 and the cathode 4 with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the programmable power supply box 9 respectively, connecting the current detection module 11 with the programmable power supply box 9 in series for detecting the current of an electroosmosis loop, and connecting the voltage detection module 10 with the programmable power supply box 9 in parallel for detecting the voltage of the electroosmosis loop;
(3) Respectively inserting the temperature sensor 8 into a cathode soil body, an anode soil body and a soil body between the cathode and the anode through a small hole of an organic glass cover plate, and monitoring the change of the soil body temperature in the electroosmosis process;
(4) The electric conductivity of the electroosmotic drainage water was measured by placing the filtration collection flask 13 and the electronic scale 14 at corresponding positions on the lower right of the cathode 4, placing the LAQUA conductivity tester 16 on the electronic scale side, and then inserting the glass tube electrode 18 into the middle of the filtration collection flask 13.
(5) The temperature sensor 8, the current detection module 11, the voltage detection module 10 and the LAQUA conductivity tester 16 are respectively connected with the data acquisition system 2 in a wired manner;
(6) Switching on the program control power supply box 9 for electroosmosis, and gradually increasing the voltage of the program control power supply box 9 by the data acquisition system 2 according to a set time interval;
(7) The temperature sensor 8, the current detection module 11, the voltage detection module 10 and the LAQUA conductivity tester 16 transmit detection data back to the data acquisition system 2; the data acquisition system 2 is in wireless communication with the computer 1 through a wireless communication module 17;
(8) During the test, the TDR100 tester 6 is used for collecting conductivity data every half hour, the conductivity data are transmitted and stored in the computer 1 through the coaxial cable 19, the TDR100 tester 6 is used for collecting reflection waveforms during the electroosmosis process, and corresponding data are stored.
(9) Since the conductivity of contaminated soil is much higher than that of ordinary soil, the conductivity EC is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula: k is the geometric parameter of the probe (m) -1 )；Z u Is the characteristic impedance (Ω) of the cable; ρ is a unit of a gradient ∞ Is the final stabilized reflection coefficient, and can use rho ∞ ＝(V ∞ -V 0 )/V 0 Is determined in which V ∞ Is the final regulated voltage, V 0 Is the transmitted step pulse voltage of the TDR100 tester.
In order to verify the reliability of the device, an electroosmosis strengthening test of a heavy metal copper pollution graph is carried out indoors by using the device, the test conditions are shown in table 1, and the fitting relation between the conductivity of the soil body and the conductivity of the pore water is obtained, as shown in fig. 3, in the electroosmosis process, along with the gradual discharge of heavy metal copper ions, the conductivity of the pore water gradually rises, and because of the discharge of water in the soil body, the contact resistance also gradually increases, and the conductivity of the soil body gradually decreases. The fitting result shows that the EKG electrode electroosmosis test and the EKG electrode electroosmosis test have certain linear relation, and the R of the EKG in the fitting process 2 The method is 0.98545, and the fitting result can provide reference value for research on the relation between the pore water conductivity and the soil body conductivity of the clay. And measuring the content of copper in the electroosmosis discharge water at different time periods by using an atomic spectrophotometer, wherein the change rule is in accordance with the change rule of the conductivity, and the final content is 0.3mg/L.
Table 1: basic conditions of the test
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and is not intended to be limiting and any variations and modifications which may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention are intended to be covered by the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A device for measuring the conductivity of polluted soil and monitoring the change of electrical parameters in an electroosmosis process in real time is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a computer (1), a data acquisition system (2), an organic glass cylinder (3), a program control power box (9), a TDR100 tester (6), a temperature detection module, a voltage detection module (10), a current detection module (11), a LAQUA conductivity tester (16), an electronic scale (14) and a filtering collection bottle (13); a metal tube is arranged on the central axis of the organic glass cylinder (3) to serve as a cathode (4), EKG geotextile is wound on the inner wall of the organic glass cylinder to serve as an anode (5), and the anode (5) and the cathode (4) are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the program control power box (9); the side wall of the metal pipe is provided with small holes, and the outer layer of the metal pipe is wrapped with geotextile; a drainage hole is formed in the middle of the bottom of the organic glass cylinder (3); electroosmosis drainage enters the metal pipe through the geotextile and then enters the filtering and collecting bottle (13) through the drainage hole and the drainage conduit (15); the filtration and collection bottle (13) and the LAQUA conductivity tester (16) are both arranged on an electronic scale (14); the glass tube electrode (18) of the LAQUA conductivity tester (16) is inserted into the filtration and collection bottle (13); the top of the organic glass cylinder (3) is covered with an organic glass cover plate; the temperature detection module consists of three temperature sensors (7), and the three temperature sensors (7) penetrate through the small holes of the organic glass cover plate and are respectively inserted into a cathode soil body, an anode soil body and a soil body between the cathode and the anode; three bolt holes are drilled in the side wall of the organic glass cylinder (3) from top to bottom, and three TDR probes (8) of a TDR100 tester (6) penetrate through the bolt holes to be fixedly connected with the organic glass cylinder (3); the TDR100 tester (6) is connected with the computer (1) through a coaxial cable (19); the voltage detection module (10) is connected with the program control power box (9) in parallel and is used for detecting the voltage of the electroosmosis loop and transmitting the voltage to the data acquisition system (2); the current detection module (11) is connected with the program control power box (9) in series and is used for detecting the current of the electroosmosis loop and transmitting the current to the data acquisition system (2); the LAQUA conductivity tester (16) is used for detecting the conductivity of electroosmotic drainage water, namely pore water, and transmitting detection data to the data acquisition system (2); the temperature detection module is used for measuring the temperatures of different positions in the soil body and transmitting the temperatures to the data acquisition system (2); the data acquisition system (2) is connected with the computer (1).
2. The device for measuring the conductivity of the polluted soil and monitoring the change of the electrical parameters in the electroosmosis process in real time as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data acquisition system (2) is in wired communication with the program control power supply box (9) so as to realize reliable transmission and control of signals; the data acquisition system (2) is connected with the computer (1) through a wireless communication module (17), and the wireless communication module is a GSM/GPRS communication module.
3. The device for measuring the conductivity of the polluted soil and monitoring the change of the electrical parameters in the electroosmosis process in real time according to the claim 1, wherein the current detection module (11) adopts a digital display ammeter which can be used for visually displaying data and transmitting the data to the data acquisition system (2); the voltage detection module (10) adopts a digital display voltmeter, and the digital display voltmeter can be used for visually displaying data and transmitting the data to the data acquisition system (2).
4. The device for measuring the conductivity of polluted soil and monitoring the change of electrical parameters of electroosmosis process in real time as claimed in claim 1, wherein a metal strip is fixed on the top of the anode (5) to ensure that the uniform electrical conduction effect is maintained during electroosmosis process.
5. The device for real-time monitoring of electrical parameter change in conductivity measurement and electroosmosis process of polluted soil according to claim 1, wherein said metal tube is an iron tube.
6. The device for real-time monitoring of electrical parameter changes during the conductivity measurement and electroosmosis process of polluted soil according to claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor (7) is an ELECALL open probe thermocouple temperature sensor with a thermal response time of less than 5 seconds and a tolerance range of ± 1.5 ℃.
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