CN1068412C - Piston ring - Google Patents
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- CN1068412C CN1068412C CN94108624A CN94108624A CN1068412C CN 1068412 C CN1068412 C CN 1068412C CN 94108624 A CN94108624 A CN 94108624A CN 94108624 A CN94108624 A CN 94108624A CN 1068412 C CN1068412 C CN 1068412C
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Abstract
Because prior piston rings can not be well applicable to high output engines which are developed recently, the present invention relates to improvements on the binding property, the abrasiveness, the stripping property in fragments, etc. of the protecting films of the peripheral surfaces of the piston rings. The protecting film 2A of the peripheral sliding surface 2 of the piston ring 1 of the present invention is composed of chromium nitride which is in the state of a column form and can extend from the surface side of a parent metal to the surface of the protecting film, or the vacancy rate of the chromium nitride protecting film is 1.5 to 20%.
Description
The present invention relates to the piston ring that a kind of internal-combustion engine that the protective film of superior abrasion resistance arranged is at least used on the periphery slip surface.
Piston ring is to form the relation ground that is slidingly connected with its outer circumferential face and cylinder sleeve inner peripheral surface to be assembled into like that and can free reciprocatingly to be configured in the circular groove of the piston in the engine jacket, mainly plays sealed combustion chamber, is controlled at the thickness of the lubricant film that forms on the casing surface and comes cooling piston by ignition heat is passed to cylinder sleeve from piston.Therefore abrasion resistance, sintering resistance, heat resistance, guarantor's oiliness of piston ring and the characteristics such as abrasion that suppress the cylinder side all there is higher requirement.
In order to satisfy these requirements, present piston ring is all improved the surface treatment of sliding properties to the ferrous materials such as steel of good toughness, abrasion resistance and superior for heat resistance.So far the surface treatment method of used piston ring has nitriding treatment, chromium plating processing, the processing of spraying plating molybdenum etc.
Some object lessons of this surface-treated just like Japan Patent special fair 1-52471 number and spy open clear 62-120471 number disclosed; with PVD (Physical VaporDeposition) method; on slip surface, cover the piston ring of protective films such as last layer metal nitride or metal carbide; the protective film of this metal nitride and metal carbide demonstrates superior abrasion resistance and sintering resistance; especially titanium nitride and chromium nitride etc. are because of the adaptability that better motor is arranged is gazed at.
But, in recent years, along with the raising of engine output and improving constantly of performance, also just more and more harsher to the desired condition of piston ring, begun to occur to adapt to the situation of the piston ring that the motor of nearest high-output power uses, wished to develop some sacrificial vessels and have the process for treating surface that the piston ring of more superior abrasion resistance is used with former surface treatment method.
For example, make on the better nearest motor of abrasion resistance with titanium nitride or chromium nitride protective film, promptly use these ceramic coating protective films, the situation that sliding properties still can not fully be satisfied also takes place at those.That is, have on the surface of the periphery protective film of piston ring, to produce and be considered to because the problem that the tired fragment shape that forms of pit corrosion is peeled off.Therefore, wish to develop a kind of piston ring that is covered with the ceramic coating protective film more superior than existing surface-treated abrasion resistance.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of being covered with the piston ring that the more superior protective film of abrasion resistance and sealing was peeled off, can be made simultaneously to the fragment shape be difficult for to take place.
After the inventor has carried out meticulous research to above-mentioned problem; found that and on the periphery slip surface, form the piston ring that the crystallization of protective film broken-out section is the chromium nitride protective film of columnar shape at least; being difficult to produce the fragment shape on the surface of periphery slip surface peels off; simultaneously can improve abrasion resistance and sealing, finish the present invention thus.
Promptly; the feature of piston ring of the present invention is that the thickness that the chromium nitride of columnar shape constitutes in forming by the crystallization of protective film bursting surface on the periphery slip surface of piston ring at least is the protective film of 1～80 μ m, and perhaps forming by the lattice vacancy rate is that the thickness that 1.5～20% chromium nitride constitutes is the protective film of 1～80 μ m.
Among the present invention; substrate with the protective film covering; be that piston ring body can be with former known form in any case, its material can be with ferrous material such as 13Cr and 17Cr stainless steel, spring steel, tool steel, steel and the material of implementing nitriding treatment or chromium plating on these materials.
The protective film thickness of piston ring, consideration should be made more than the 1 μ m, even also must make protective film residual to some extent after running-in is in the early stage because of the possibility that initial stage running-in abrasion disappears surface layer.On the other hand, if thickness is made more than the necessary size, doing blocked uply, then is non-remunerative economically.Owing to when thickness surpasses 60 μ m, be easy to generate be full of cracks on the protective film, Adhesion force reduced, thereby wish thickness is made below the 60 μ m.But, also can accomplish 80 μ m to the thickness of protective film needing antifriction to decrease under the situation of durability especially always.
The solid density of CrN is 6.14g/cm when forming the CrN protective film
3The CrN protective film of piston ring, when its compactness uprised, protective film became fragile, and the fragment shape takes place easily peel off.In order to prevent to peel off, should increase the job vacancy rate of CrN, job vacancy rate must when the protective film job vacancy rate is too high, can make hardness descend more than 1.5%, and abrasion resistance degenerates.Therefore, the job vacancy rate of protective film is being necessary below 20%.The job vacancy rate of protective film is increased at 20% o'clock from 1.5%, and the hardness of protective film can deliquescing, is reduced to 600 by the small hardness HmV of surface measurements from about 1000.The job vacancy rate of protective film can easily be calculated by the density of measuring protective film.
Equally, in limiting the CrN protective film of job vacancy rate, in order further to improve anti-stripping property, the broken-out section form of protective film is become column and then its crystallization by the CrN parallel with the periphery slip surface (111) face azimuthal orientation, better effect is arranged.The protective film thickness of piston ring is considered the possibility that can make the surface layer disappearance because of initial stage running-in abrasion, should make more than the 1 μ m, even running-in in the early stage also must make protective film keep to some extent later on.In addition, if protective film thickness is made more than the necessary size, doing blocked uply, then is non-remunerative economically.Owing to when thickness surpasses 60 μ m, be easy to generate be full of cracks on the protective film, Adhesion force is reduced, therefore wish thickness is made below the 60 μ m.But, also can accomplish 80 μ m to thickness needing antifriction to decrease under the situation of durability especially always.
In the present invention, be preferably on the piston ring and form protective film with ion plating method.Ion plating method is a kind of method that forms protective film with the PVD method.The PVD method is the technology that forms protective film, can be divided into three kinds of methods such as evaporation, cathode vacuum spraying plating, ion plating basically.Wherein, reacting, can pile up the protective film that the reactive ion plating of chromium nitride protective film forms with the steam and the nitrogen that can make chromium on piston ring again is the best.
The steam of chromium can be by shining chromium, its evaporation obtained with high energy beams such as HCD electron gun or electronic beam current stream.Also can as the ion electroplating method and cathode vacuum metallikon of cathode arc plasma formula, make the particle of chromium obtain the chromium steam from negative electrode with flying out.
Chromium is the element that forms nitride easily.Therefore, when making it that plasma takes place in the gas phase that is mixed into nitrogen in the steam at chromium, just make chromium ionization, respectively with the nitrogen ion combination, form chromium nitride.Its result forms the protective film of chromium nitride on as the surface of the piston ring mother metal of base material.At this moment, more just form the composition of CrN in the nitrogen delivery volume, more just form Cr when the nitrogen delivery volume
2The composition of N is if the further minimizing of nitrogen amount then can generate unreacted Cr.
Below, explain a method that on the periphery slip surface of piston ring body, forms said protection film.
The mother metal of piston ring is cleaned, removed, be inserted in the vacuum chamber of apparatus for ionically plating after treating fully to clean attached to lip-deep dirt.Vacuumize, up to vacuum indoor pressure is extracted into 1.3 * 10
-3-5 * 10
-3After the Pa, the heater heats with being contained in the apparatus for ionically plating is emitted the gas that has in the piston ring mother metal.Heating-up temperature is preferably got 300～500 ℃.After this, it is cooled to 100～400 ℃.
When the vacuum room pressure becomes 4.0 * 10
-3When Pa is following, chromium constitute to electrode as negative electrode, Arc Discharge takes place in its surface, chromium ion is flown out.At this moment on the piston ring mother metal, add bias voltage, use the metal ion that flies out by negative electrode, promptly substrate surface is removed oxide and active the processing with impacting ablution with the method for high energy impact to the substrate surface.At this moment bias voltage is preferably got-700～-900 volts.
After this, bias voltage is reduced, chromium ion is deposited on the periphery slip surface of piston ring, simultaneously nitrogen is imported in the vacuum chamber, it is passed through in the plasma.Make nitrogen ionization thus, nitrogen partial pressure is transferred to 1.3 * 10
-1The degree of～13.3Pa is added to 0～-100 volt with bias voltage, makes the protective film that forms ion plating on the outer circumferential face of piston ring.After protective film forms, in vacuum chamber, be cooled to below 200 ℃ after, in vacuum chamber, take out piston ring.The job vacancy rate of protective film can carry out suitable selection according to control operation pressure.
Above said be the method that on piston ring, forms the chromium nitride protective film.The piston ring that makes is difficult to take place the fragment shape to be peeled off, and superior abrasion resistance and adhesiveness are arranged.
In the present invention, the method that further improves Adhesion force between the mother metal of protective film and piston ring is to form the base layer that is made of crome metal between the mother metal of piston ring and protective film.In this method, when forming protective film, when before reaction gas is imported, carrying out the ion film plating of chromium, just can on the piston ring mother metal, form the base layer of chromium.The base layer of this crome metal because thermal expansion approaches the piston ring mother metal, is difficult to the stress influence of being heated, thereby can further improves adhesiveness, and be imbued with ductility.The thickness of the base layer of crome metal is 0.1～2 μ m preferably.The DeGrain that the adhesiveness of discontented 0.1 μ m improves, and the abundant display effect of energy of 0.1～2 μ m thickness.What surpass 2 μ m both can not get better effect, also is non-remunerative economically.
Like this, between protective film and piston ring mother metal, form the base layer that is imbued with adhesiveness and ductility the effect that prevents that further protective film from peeling off is arranged.
Fig. 1 is the part sectional view of piston ring,
Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of representing piston ring is installed to the installment state on the piston,
Fig. 3 is the microscope photograph of metal structure that shows the protective film of piston outer circumferential face,
Fig. 4 is presented at that the crystallization of employed piston ring protective film is not the microscope photograph of the metal structure of column in the comparative example.
Below, with reference to accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are described.
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of the protective film 2A of expression piston ring 1 of the present invention and formation.The face that forms protective film must be the periphery slip surface 2 of piston ring, but also can form on any one as the inner peripheral surface 3 of other parts or above and below 4 etc.
Fig. 2 is the schematic partial sectional view that expression is assembled into the piston 5 of adorning piston ring 1 of the present invention the state on the cylinder liner 6.
Fig. 3 shows that the broken-out section crystallization of protective film presents the metal structure microscope photograph of the columnar shape that extends to the protective film surface from the mother metal surface.
Using diameter * wide * thick nominal size in the present embodiment is that φ 95mm * 2.5mm * 3.4mm, material are the piston rings of SUS440.
It is with cathode arc plasma type apparatus for ionically plating that PVD handles.
The piston ring mother metal is cleaned with fluon liquid, be inserted in the vacuum chamber of apparatus for ionically plating.Vacuumize, up to the pressure in the vacuum chamber is dropped to 1.3 * 10
-3After the Pa, heater heats to 300～500 ℃ with being contained in the apparatus for ionically plating emit the inherent gas of piston ring mother metal, are cooled to 200 ℃ then.
When the vacuum room pressure reaches 4.0 * 10
-3When Pa is following, add-700～-900 volts bias voltage, Arc Discharge is taken place, thereby chromium ion is flown out.After this, the nitrogen partial pressure that imports in the vacuum chamber is adjusted to 1.3 * 10
-1～13.3Pa applies 0～-100 volt bias voltage, makes and forms the ion film plating protective film on the periphery slip surface of piston ring.After protective film forms, after being cooled to below 200 ℃ in the vacuum chamber, take out piston ring from vacuum chamber.
Being covered with thickness with above-mentioned method on the piston ring outer surface is 40 μ m's; the protective film broken-out section is made up of the CrN of the columnar shape that extends to protective film surface from the mother metal surface, and by the protective film (embodiment 1) of the crystallization formation of (111) face orientation parallel with the periphery slip surface.The protective film broken-out section of the piston ring that makes carries out the secondary electron shooting with scanning electron to be observed.Fig. 3 represents the photo that microscope is photographed.From the columnar crystal that can confirm here to extend to the protective film surface from the mother metal surface.Its composition and directionality be to piston ring periphery coverage rate exposure, be confirmed to be CrN by X-ray diffraction and form, and by (111) face orientation.
With the method identical with embodiment 1, to cover thickness be 40 μ m, protective film broken-out section is made up of and the protective film (embodiment 2) that is made of the crystallization of parallel with the periphery slip surface (111) face orientation and to cover thickness at the outer circumferential face of piston ring be that the broken-out section of 40 μ m, protective film has from the mother metal surface Cr to the columnar shape of protective film surface extension the CrN of the columnar shape that extends to the protective film surface from the mother metal surface at the outer surface of piston ring
2N forms the protective film (embodiment 3) that constitutes.Measured the protective film adhesiveness of the piston ring that makes.Fusible mensuration is to carry out with a kind of method that is called as twisting test, and it is that side of piston ring joint close part is fixed, and twists and turns round opposite side, measures the torsion angle that is torqued into when producing protective film and peeling off.
Comparative example 1 be with the piston ring body of embodiment's 1 identical materials and same size on cover the protective film that the upper protective film broken-out section does not have the compound ion plated film of the chromium nitride of columnar shape and chromium; this protective film is single-phase and 42 μ m thickness arranged, and the samely the adhesiveness of the piston ring that has said protection film measured with embodiment 2,3.
Table 1 has been listed the measurement result of embodiment 2,3 and comparative example 1.Measured load is that the torsion angle of comparative example 1 is recently represented as 1 angle.
As shown in Table 1, protective film of the present invention is compared with comparative example, and is bigger to the torsion angle that produces when peeling off, and superior adhesiveness is arranged.
Table 1 adhesion test results
| The ratio of the torsion angle that generation is peeled off | |
| Embodiment 1 (CrN) | 1.32 |
| Embodiment 2 (Cr 2N) | 1.17 |
| Comparative example 1 | 1 |
With the method identical with embodiment 1; be that the broken-out section of 40 μ m, protective film is made up of the CrN of the columnar shape that extends to the protective film surface from the mother metal surface and the protective film (embodiment 4) that is made of the crystallization of parallel with the periphery slip surface (111) face orientation and to cover thickness at the outer surface of piston ring be that the broken-out section of 40 μ m, protective film is by the Cr that has from the mother metal surface to the columnar shape of protective film surface extension at cladding thickness on the outer surface of piston ring
2The protective film (embodiment 5) that N forms.The piston ring that makes is assembled in the top compression ring of the four-stroke diesel engine of four cylinders, implements real machine test on the platform.
Test conditions is as follows:
Rotating speed 4,000rpm
Test period 100 hours
120 ℃ of oil temperature
100 ℃ of water temperatures
Motor is provided with the pressurized machine of band interstage cooler
Periphery slip surface abrasion amount in the real machine test has been carried out three times to be measured.Table 2 has been listed the result who measures.
Comparative example is chromium plating on the periphery slip surface of piston ring, coating film thickness is 100 μ m (comparative examples 2), and to cover thickness on the periphery slip surface of piston ring be the protective film (comparative example 3) that the protective film broken-out section of 42 μ m does not have the single-phase chromium nitride ion film plating of columnar shape; Similarly carry out real machine test with embodiment 4 and 5.Table 2 has been listed test result.Table 2 abrasion flow measurement result
| Abrasion amount (μ m) | |||
| For the first time | For the second time | For the third time | |
| Embodiment 4 (CrN) | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.6 |
| Embodiment 5 (Cr 2N) | 3.7 | 4.0 | 3.9 |
| Comparative example 2 | 21.2 | 18.9 | 19.3 |
| Comparative example 3 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 4.1 |
By table 2 as seen, the piston ring that has covered protective film of the present invention is compared with the piston ring of chromium plating, and it is the latter's 1/5 that the abrasion amount reduces to significantly; Compare with the piston ring that does not have the chromium nitride of columnar shape with the last broken-out section of ion film-plating method covering, it is the latter's 4/5 degree that the abrasion amount also is reduced to.
In diesel engine, because the burning of fuel, the Sulfur in the fuel becomes branch to enter into engine oil, and the oxidation of oil is increased, thereby piston not only is subjected to frictional loss, and is exposed in the atmosphere of impelling its corrosive wear.The piston ring of protective film of the present invention has superior rub resistance abrasion and corrosion-resistant loss in the covering.
With method similarly to Example 1; at the protective film (embodiment 6) that to cover thickness on the outer surface of piston ring be 40 μ m, is made up of the CrN of the columnar shape that extends to the protective film surface from the mother metal surface and is made of the crystallization of parallel with the periphery slip surface (111) face orientation by the broken-out section of protective film, and be 40 μ m, Cr to the columnar shape of protective film surface extension arranged from the mother metal surface covering thickness on the outer surface of piston ring by the broken-out section of protective film
2N forms the protective film (embodiment 7) that constitutes.The piston ring that makes is assembled in the top compression ring of the four-stroke diesel engine of four cylinders, carries out real machine test on the platform.
Test conditions is as follows:
Rotating speed 4,000rpm
Test period 100 hours
120 ℃ of oil temperature
100 ℃ of water temperatures
Motor is provided with the pressurized machine of band interstage cooler.
The state that the fragment shape of the piston ring periphery slip surface in the real machine test is peeled off is observed.The results are shown in the table 3.
Comparative example is the single phasing protection film (comparative example 4) of the compound ion plated film of covering chromium nitride that 42 μ m are thick, the protective film broken-out section does not have columnar shape and chromium.Carry out real machine test with embodiment 6 and 7 the samely.It the results are shown in the table 3.
Table 3 fragment shape is peeled off situation occurred
| First cylinder | Second cylinder | The 3rd cylinder | Four-cylinder | |
| Embodiment 6 (CrN) | No | No | No | No |
| Embodiment 7 (Cr 2N) | No | No | No | No |
| Comparative example 4 | Take place | Take place | Take place | Take place |
By table 3 as seen, the piston ring of protective film of the present invention in the covering, any one is not peeled off, and compares with the piston ring that the last broken-out section that forms with ion plating method of covering does not have the chromium nitride of columnar shape, has obtained significantly improving.
So the piston ring of protective film of the present invention has good breakage-proof sheet stripping property in the covering.
Embodiment 8
In the present embodiment, using diameter * wide * thick nominal size is that φ 95mm * 2.5mm * 3.4mm, material are the piston rings of SUS440.
It is with cathode arc plasma type apparatus for ionically plating that PVD handles.
The piston ring mother metal is cleaned with fluon liquid, be inserted in the vacuum chamber of apparatus for ionically plating.Vacuumize, up to vacuum indoor pressure is dropped to 1.3 * 10
-3After the Pa, heater heats to 300～500 ℃ with being contained in the apparatus for ionically plating emit the inherent gas of piston ring mother metal, after this are cooled to 200 ℃.
When the vacuum room pressure reaches 4.0 * 10
-3When Pa is following, add-700～-900 volts bias voltage, Arc Discharge is taken place, thereby chromium ion is flown out.Then the nitrogen partial pressure that imports in the vacuum chamber is adjusted to 1.3 * 10
-1The degree of～13.3Pa applies 0～-100 volt bias voltage, makes the protective film that forms ion film plating on the periphery slip surface of piston ring.After protective film forms, after being cooled to below 200 ℃ in the vacuum chamber, take out piston ring from vacuum chamber.
Is 40 μ m with above-mentioned method covering thickness on the outer surface of piston ring, the chromium nitride protective film (embodiment 8) that the protective film job vacancy rate is 3.9%, broken-out section has the columnar shape that extends to the protective film surface from the mother metal surface.The job vacancy rate of protective film is the weight of critically measuring before and after the covered with protective film, with the volume of protective film except that calculating.The protective film broken-out section of the piston ring that makes carries out the secondary electron shooting with scanning electron to be observed.Fig. 3 represents the photo that microscope is photographed.Therefrom can confirm from the mother metal surface to the crystallization of the surperficial columnar shape that extends of protective film.
Embodiment 9,10, comparative example 5
With method similarly to Example 8; covering thickness on the piston ring outer surface is the CrN protective films (embodiment 9) that 40 μ m, protective film job vacancy rate are 3.9%, the broken-out section of protective film has the columnar shape that extends to the protective film surface from the mother metal surface, and is that 40 μ m, protective film job vacancy rate are 2.3% CrN protective films (embodiment 10) covering thickness on the outer surface of piston ring.Adhesiveness to the piston ring protective film that makes is measured.Adhesiveness is measured and to be called as twisting test, and it is that side of piston ring joint close part is fixed, and twists and turns round opposite side, measures the windup-degree the when quilt of protective film is stubborn to be turned round generation and peel off.
Comparative example 5 is that to cover thickness on the piston ring outer surface of similarly to Example 8 material and size be that the job vacancy rate of 38 μ m, protective film is 0.2% chromium nitride protective film, and measures the adhesiveness of protective film with embodiment 9,10 the samely.
Table 4 has been listed the measurement result to embodiment 9,10 and comparative example 5.Measured load is as 1, with recently representing of angle the windup-degree of comparative example 5.In table 4, go back remarks and the small hardness on protective film surface.
Table 4 adhesion test results
| The ratio of the torsion angle that generation is peeled off | Small hardness HmV | |
| Embodiment 9 | 1.33 | 770 |
| Embodiment 10 | 1.15 | 885 |
| Comparative example 5 | 1 | 1680 |
By table 4 as seen, protective film of the present invention is compared with comparative example, and the windup-degree when generation is peeled off is bigger, has superior adhesiveness.
Embodiment 11,12, comparative example 6,7,8
With method similarly to Example 8; covering thickness on the piston ring outer surface is that 42 μ m, protective film job vacancy rate are 3.9%, the broken-out section of protective film has the columnar shape that extends to the protective film surface from the mother metal surface; and the CrN protective film (embodiment 11) that constitutes by the crystallization of (111) the face orientation that is parallel to the periphery slip surface, and be that 40 μ m, protective film job vacancy rate are 2.3% CrN protective films (embodiment 12) covering thickness on the piston ring outer surface.The piston ring that makes is assembled on the top compression ring of the four-stroke diesel engine of four cylinders, carries out real machine test on the platform.
Test conditions is as follows:
Rotating speed 4,000rpm
Test period 100 hours
120 ℃ of oil temperature
100 ℃ of water temperatures
Motor is provided with the pressurized machine of band interstage cooler.
Periphery slip surface abrasion amount in the real machine test has been carried out three times to be measured.Table 5 has been listed the result who measures.
Comparative example is chromium plating on the periphery slip surface of piston ring, and thickness is 100 μ m (comparative examples 6); And cover to go up thickness be that 42 μ m, protective film job vacancy rate are the protective films (comparative example 7) of 0.2% chromium nitride ion film plating; The upper protective film job vacancy rate is 23.5%, thickness is the chromium nitride protective film (comparative example 8) of 40 μ m with covering.Carry out real machine test with embodiment 11,12 the samely.The results are shown in table 5 li.Table 5 abrasion flow measurement result
| Abrasion amount (μ m) | |||
| For the first time | For the second time | For the third time | |
| Embodiment 11 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 3.9 |
| Embodiment 12 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.7 |
| Comparative example 6 | 21.2 | 18.9 | 19.3 |
| Comparative example 7 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.0 |
| Comparative example 8 | 5.2 | 4.9 | 5.1 |
By table 5 as seen, the piston ring of protective film of the present invention is compared with the piston ring of chromium plating in the covering, and it is the latter's 1/5 that the abrasion amount is reduced to significantly; Compare with piston ring that cover to go up chromium nitride with ion plating method, with less job vacancy rate, densely, antifriction damage amount is better slightly than the latter.The chromium nitride protective film that job vacancy rate is big is compared with the present invention, and wear resistance is just relatively poor.
Embodiment 13,14, comparative example 9
With method similarly to Example 8; cover on the piston ring outer surface that thickness is that the job vacancy rate of 42 μ m, protective film is 3.9%, the broken-out section of protective film has the columnar shape that extends to the protective film surface from the mother metal surface and the CrN protective film (embodiment 13) that constitutes with the crystallization of periphery slip surface (111) orientation, and is that 40 μ m, protective film job vacancy rate are 2.3% CrN protective films (embodiment 14) covering thickness on the piston ring outer surface.The piston ring that makes is assembled on the top compression ring of the four-stroke diesel engine of four cylinders, and carries out real machine test on the platform.
Test conditions is as follows:
Rotating speed 4,000rpm
Test period 100 hours
120 ℃ of oil temperature
100 ℃ of water temperatures
Motor is provided with the pressurized machine of band interstage cooler.
The fragment shape of the piston ring periphery slip surface in the real machine test is peeled off state to be observed.The results are shown in the table 6.
Comparative example is that the job vacancy rate of covered with protective film is that 0.2% chromium nitride protective film, thickness are 42 μ m (comparative examples 9).Carry out real machine test with embodiment 13 and 14 the samely.The results are shown in the table 6.
The situation occurred that table 6 fragment shape is peeled off
| First cylinder | Second cylinder | The 3rd cylinder | Four-cylinder | |
| Embodiment 13 | No | No | No | No |
| Embodiment 14 | No | No | No | No |
| Comparative example 9 | Take place | Take place | Take place | Take place |
By table 6 as seen, the piston ring of protective film of the present invention in the covering, any one can not peeled off; Covering the piston ring of going up the less chromium nitride of job vacancy rate with ion plating method all can peel off.
The piston ring that covers protective film of the present invention has the superior shape of anti-fragment stripping property.
By top detailed explanation as seen; piston ring of the present invention is that at least periphery sliding surface at piston ring covers the diaphragm that chromium nitride that broken-out section by diaphragm has the columnar shape that extend on the surface from from the mother metal surface to diaphragm consists of; perhaps at least periphery sliding surface at piston ring covers the CrN diaphragm with 1.5～20% job vacancy rates; compare with previously used piston ring; therefore cohesive, rub resistance loss, corrosion-resistant loss and anti-fissility with superior diaphragm can prolong service life of piston ring.
Claims (13)
1. piston ring; the protective film that described piston ring has one deck chromium nitride to constitute at least on the periphery slip surface; the broken-out section of this protective film has the columnar shape that extends to the protective film surface from the mother metal surface, it is characterized in that the thickness of described protective film is 1～80 μ m.
2. piston ring as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the thickness of described protective film is 1～60 μ m.
3. piston ring as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, the chemical composition of the chromium nitride of described protective film is CrN or Cr
2N and their mixture.
4. piston ring as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described protective film is made of the crystallization of (111) face orientation parallel with the periphery slip surface.
5. piston ring as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that described protective film is formed by ion plating method.
6. piston ring as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, the small hardness of described protective film is from surface measurements, and described hardness number is HmV600～1000.
7. piston ring as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, has the base layer that is made of crome metal between the mother metal of described piston ring and protective film.
8. piston ring, described piston ring has one deck at least by the protective film that CrN constitutes on the periphery slip surface, it is characterized in that the job vacancy rate of described protective film is 1.5～20%, and thickness is 1～80 μ m.
9. piston ring as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, the section of described protective film has the columnar shape that extends from the surface of mother metal surface lateral protective film.
10. piston ring as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, described protective film is made of the crystallization of (111) face orientation parallel with the periphery slip surface.
11. piston ring as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described protective film is formed by ion plating method.
12. piston ring as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, the small hardness of described protective film is from surface measurements, and its value is HmV600～1000.
13., it is characterized in that between the mother metal of described piston ring and protective film, having the base layer that constitutes by crome metal as any one described piston ring in the claim 8～11.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94108624A CN1068412C (en) | 1994-07-30 | 1994-07-30 | Piston ring |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94108624A CN1068412C (en) | 1994-07-30 | 1994-07-30 | Piston ring |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1116275A CN1116275A (en) | 1996-02-07 |
| CN1068412C true CN1068412C (en) | 2001-07-11 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94108624A Expired - Lifetime CN1068412C (en) | 1994-07-30 | 1994-07-30 | Piston ring |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1068412C (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8986465B2 (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2015-03-24 | Mahle Industries Inc. | Piston ring with localized nitrided coating |
| CN103836186A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-06-04 | 安庆帝伯格茨活塞环有限公司 | Ceramic thin film cast iron piston ring and manufacturing method thereof |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2243162A (en) * | 1990-04-17 | 1991-10-23 | Riken Kk | A chromium nitride coating having a steadily increasing nitrogen concentration |
-
1994
- 1994-07-30 CN CN94108624A patent/CN1068412C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2243162A (en) * | 1990-04-17 | 1991-10-23 | Riken Kk | A chromium nitride coating having a steadily increasing nitrogen concentration |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1116275A (en) | 1996-02-07 |
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