CN106840405B - 2 π spatial polarization observation instruments - Google Patents
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- CN106840405B CN106840405B CN201611244424.8A CN201611244424A CN106840405B CN 106840405 B CN106840405 B CN 106840405B CN 201611244424 A CN201611244424 A CN 201611244424A CN 106840405 B CN106840405 B CN 106840405B
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J4/00—Measuring polarisation of light
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Abstract
The invention discloses a set of 2 π spatial polarization observation instruments comprising：1) benchmark architecture divided based on 2 space π celestial spheres；2) orientation and pitching integration rotating platform control system of episphere spacial multi-angle observation；3) become phase multi-radian edged surface member optical polarization imaging sequence system.Whole system is connected installation base surface, double axle table, is become phase multi-radian edged surface member optical polarization imaging sequence system, data logger and data collection station by computer control electric cabinet work, electric cabinet.The system can obtain the sky polarisation distribution mode of any time, provide data supporting to find the seek peace sky polarization vector line of bionical polarization navigation of neutral atmosphere point region, all-sky polarization field scale.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a set of 2 π space all-skies to polarize observation instrument, realizes the multiangular measurement of upper half spherical space, obtains
The sky polarisation distribution mode of any time is obtained, is sought peace for searching neutral atmosphere point region, all-sky polarization field scale bionical inclined
The sky polarization vector line of vibration navigation provides data supporting.
Background technique
Polarization and light intensity, frequency, phase are the big underlying attributes of electromagnetic wave four, but polarizability do not obtain enough attention and
Adequately utilize.In fact, be covered with the various natural polarizers in nature everywhere, for example, vegetation, building, cloud,
Mist etc..Currently, more and more researchers notice the importance of polarization characteristic, polarizing instrument gradually get up by fast development, and
All kinds of remote sensing instruments are the same, and instrument error and atmospheric effect, complicated earth surface element interweave, and observation true value is difficult to pass through conventional instrument
Indoor calibrating method obtain, thus become science remote sensing instrument quantification application bottleneck and earth observation field urgently cracked
Problem.During studying polarization remote sensing we have found that：Influence of the atmospheric effect to polarization observation is huge, leads to star
The polarization information of earth's surface target can not be received by carrying remote sensor, therefore eliminating atmospheric effect is basis.For atmospheric polarization characteristic
Research focus primarily upon sky polarization mode patterns, atmosphere differential gap and bionical polarization navigation.Sky polarization mode patterns are remote sensing
An important feature for observing sky effect, describes polarization signal in the distribution of all-sky.Due to different zones, different observations
Angle corresponds to different sky polarization modes, therefore, constructs sky polarization mode patterns, measures atmosphere neutrality region, is to eliminate
The precondition of atmospheric effect and the navigation of bionical polarization.
The country, Peking University Yan Lei, Wu Taixia, pass osmanthus rosy clouds etc. are proved by multi-angle polarization remote sensing theoretical and experimental study
The polarization characteristic of atmosphere and skylight.Sky polarised light distribution situation is analyzed by all-sky polarization measurement method, tentatively
Determine that the distribution of sky degree of polarization is annularly distributed around several polarization differential gaps.Polarization differential gap and non-neutral region are deposited
New window can be not only provided for remote sensing of the earth and extending remote sensing application, can also be the calibration work of polarization remote sensing device
More verifying means are provided with the navigation of bionical polarization.
Foreign countries, property area research aspect, 19 beginnings of the century observe the aerial three famous differential gaps in day in succession in an atmosphere：
The differential gap Arago (1809), the differential gap Babinet (1840), the differential gap Brewster (1842).In recent decades, solve to
The various numerical solutions of amount radiation transfer equation reach its maturity, and are gradually applied to the daylight, reflection light polarization in ground vapour system
The research of characteristic comes up, to have the qualitative understanding to sxemiquantitative to radiation polarisation characteristic.Coulson is to the area Hawaii day
Polarization degree has carried out the sunykatuib analysis of day light polarization under molecule atmosphere；And people were summarized to day than more fully in 1988
The research achievement of light characteristic.Chahl and Mizutani was used to imitate in 2012 according to sky polarization mode patterns production polarization compass
Raw polarization navigation；NASA in 2013 obtains atmosphere polarization information in the experiment of ACE satellite task, through polarimeter, to complete
PODEX polarimeter scaling experiment, has pushed the development of existing polarizing instrument.
The particular advantages of Polarization Detection technology, polarization means can be searching neutral atmosphere point region, all-sky polarization field
The seek peace sky polarization vector line of bionical polarization navigation of scale provides data supporting, and can be used for studying atmospheric attenuation effect and
Bionical polarization navigation.But the instrument research also prematurity of this respect, it is domestic that blank is almost belonged to for sky polarization observation instrument.
Therefore, building a set of 2 π space all-sky polarization observation instrument has great research significance.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the purpose of the present invention is building a set of 2 π space all-skies to polarize observation instrument, which can
To realize the multiangular measurement of upper half spherical space, obtain the sky polarisation distribution mode of any time, to find neutral atmosphere point
The seek peace sky polarization vector line of bionical polarization navigation of region, all-sky polarization field scale provides data supporting.
To achieve the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme：A set of 2 π space all-sky polarizes observation instrument, main
Including：1) benchmark architecture divided based on 2 space π celestial spheres；2) orientation of episphere spacial multi-angle observation and pitching one
Change rotating platform control system；3) become phase multi-radian edged surface member optical polarization imaging sequence system.
Further, the benchmark architecture divided based on 2 space π celestial spheres is a hemispherical, by well-regulated multi-radian angle
Face element aperture mirror (such as 45) observes 2 spaces π of sky, and overlapping between each observation area (as more than 30% Duplication).It sees
Examining system can be accurately overlapped with observation area in 2 spaces π.The hole of the alignment lens optical shield of imaging system is by host computer
Software systems control, determines precision (such as better than 0.5 °) by remote sensing observations.
Further, the orientation and pitching integration rotating platform control system of episphere spacial multi-angle observation；Turned by twin shaft
Platform, installation base surface, electronic control box three parts composition.
Further, rotating platform control system is mainly made of power distribution unit, driving unit and control unit, wherein distribution list
First includes mainly AC-DC power supply and power-supply filter etc., can provide reliable and stable direct current for driving unit and control unit
Voltage.The turntable uses U-U type structure, and orientation frame axis realizes azimuth motion perpendicular to base, pitching frame axis level in base,
Realize pitching movement.
Further, installation base surface guarantees the stability that instrument uses according to shafting design.Shafting is to guarantee revolving table position
The key factor of precision and speed precision, each frame form shafting by NSK precision angular contact bearing, and each frame axis selects high duty alloy
Steel is made.Sufficient disposal of stability is carried out before finishing to guarantee the long-time stability of shafting, and carry out match grinding guarantor with bearing
The Optimum clearance of 2~5 μm of card.The maintainability and measurability of turntable are considered in each Structural Design of Shaft as far as possible, shaft end is set
In respect of measurement datum so that all detection limits in the future use.
Further, electronic control box realizes the control work of entire instrument.Control method is using comparative maturity in engineering
Three close-loop control structure, be followed successively by electric current loop, speed ring and position ring from inside to outside.
Further, become phase multi-radian edged surface member optical polarization imaging sequence system to be directly installed in double axle table
Multi-angle polarizing film is placed in portion before imaging system, for obtaining target polarization image, and by image transmitting to data logger
With control host computer.The inner frame and change phase multi-radian edged surface member optical polarization imaging sequence system of double axle table are connected firmly one
It rises, the rotation in orientation, height both direction may be implemented, detector is made to carry out multi-direction observation.When upper computer software can be by becoming
The image of phase multi-radian edged surface member optical polarization imaging sequence system is directly acquired, and is saved.It is responsible for control circuit part
System command, the reception of image information and data, transmission and transmission.Multispectral observation covers 500~1000nm, including but unlimited
In 550nm, 3 channels 670nm, 860nm.Multi-angle polarization observation, degree of polarization direction can cover whole angles as needed
(for example including but be not limited only to 30 °, 60 °, 120 °).
Further, 2 space π all-skies polarize observation system, further include：Power supply provides safeguard for each electrical equipment.
The invention adopts the above technical scheme, which has the following advantages：
(1) apparatus of the present invention are small in size without bulky complex device.
(2) control device is functional, and transmission control is simple to operation.
(3) sensor parameters setting, image acquisition, the adjustment of shaft angle, image storing process pass through terminal reality
Existing integration automatically controls, and reduces the factors such as manual intervention bring shake.
(4) present invention can observe the polarization information in 2 space π of sky, can be detected with 360 ° without dead angle, synchronous to obtain whole day
Empty polarization mode, piecture geometry fault are small.
(5) present invention has database preparation function, saves to initial data, and provides multi-stage data.
In conclusion the present invention provides a set of 2 π space all-skies to polarize observation instrument, which may be implemented whole day
Empty polarization mode multi-angle multispectral observation obtains sky polarization mode and changes with time information, neutral to find atmosphere
The seek peace sky polarization vector line of bionical polarization navigation of point region, all-sky polarization field scale provides data supporting.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the hemispherical benchmark architecture of 2 space π all-skies polarization observation instrument model of the invention；
Fig. 2 is 2 π spatial polarization observation instruments；
Fig. 3 is the system composition block diagram of the invention；
Fig. 4 is double axle table structure chart of the invention；
(a) it is general structure schematic diagram, (b) is turntable structure figure；
Fig. 5 is rotating platform control system model of the invention；
Fig. 6 is the upper computer software system figure of 2 space π all-skies polarization observation instrument of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The present invention is a set of 2 π spatial polarization observation instrument of building.2 π spatial polarization visualizers can according to shooting needs,
Polarizing film either multi light spectrum hands channel is replaced, multiple image datas are obtained and stored while automatic, is the inclined of 2 spaces π
The effective acquisition of vibration image information provides solid hardware platform, while to find neutral atmosphere point region, all-sky polarization
The seek peace sky polarization vector line of bionical polarization navigation of scale provides data supporting.
The present invention is a set of 2 π spatial polarization observation instrument of building, as shown in Fig. 2, mainly including three parts：1) 2 π are based on
The benchmark architecture that space celestial sphere divides；2) orientation and pitching integration rotating platform control system of episphere spacial multi-angle observation；
3) become phase multi-radian edged surface member optical polarization imaging sequence system.
As shown in Figure 1, being a hemispherical based on the benchmark architecture that 2 space π celestial spheres divide, 2 space π of all-sky is simulated,
Abbreviation outer cover.Sky is bisected into N number of region by the present invention, is had degree of overlapping (as more than 30%) per adjacent two groups of cameras, is calculated
Camera quantity is as follows：
It is 2 π that its area, which corresponds to solid angle,：
If the observation field angle of each observation camera isThe opened solid angle of each camera is
Guarantee to be 30% per adjacent two groups of camera Duplication, calculating camera quantity is：
Therefore to guarantee camera covering all-sky polarization and have more than 30% degree of overlapping, need to arrange at least 34 in all-sky
A camera obtains all-sky polarization mode figure.Such as Fig. 5, as day Division distribution map.The space a set of 2 π of the invention
The enclosure design for polarizing observation instrument manufactures N=45 hole location, and Duplication is about 35%.
Becoming phase multi-radian edged surface member optical polarization imaging sequence system mainly includes：Full polarization imaging subsystem, it is fixed
Azimuth line polarization imaging subsystem, adaptive equalization polarization imaging subsystem.Meanwhile will also include collimation lens set, it is incident
Angle adjustment frame, array bracket, controller and image real time transfer subsystem etc..Full polarization imaging subsystem is whole for obtaining
Polarization parameter, including：Polarization phase, azimuth, ellipticity angle, inclination angle, linear polarization degree, circular polarization etc..Subsystem is obtaining
Above-mentioned polarization parameter can be calculated immediately after obtaining remote sensing information, at the same time, the correlation that linear polarization imaging subsystems obtain
Parameter will correct in real time full polarization results of measuring.
System construction drawing of the invention is as shown in Figure 3, wherein the orientation and pitching one of episphere spacial multi-angle observation
Change rotating platform control system, is made of double axle table, installation base surface, electronic control box three parts.
If Fig. 4 (a) is general structure schematic diagram, Fig. 4 (b) is turntable structure figure, and double axle table uses U-U type structure, side
Position frame axis realizes azimuth motion perpendicular to base, and pitching frame axis level realizes pitching movement in base.Two frames select Japan
The accurate angular contact bearing of NSK company forms shafting, provides rotating torque by direct current torque motor, code-disc is as position feedback.
Orientation circle frame, base are all made of casting aluminium material, and axis is made of high duty alloy Steel material, remaining uses hard alloy aluminum
At.Frame is detected through Wetted constructures, chemical analysis and mechanical performance.
Installation base surface is the three-dimensional basal plane structure figure that design is required according to shafting, it is ensured that the stabilization in instrument use process
Property.Shafting is to guarantee the key factor of revolving table position precision and speed precision, and each frame forms axis by NSK precision angular contact bearing
System, each frame axis select superior alloy steel to be made.Sufficient disposal of stability is carried out before finishing to guarantee the long-term steady of shafting
It is qualitative, and the Optimum clearance that match grinding guarantees 2~5 μm is carried out with bearing.Consider turntable in each Structural Design of Shaft as far as possible can
Maintainability and measurability, shaft end design have measurement datum to use in favor of all detection limits in the future.
Electronic control box, also referred to as electric cabinet are the control work for realizing entire instrument.Control method uses to be compared in engineering
Mature three close-loop control structure, is followed successively by electric current loop, speed ring and position ring from inside to outside.As shown in figure 4, electric current ring property is logical
It crosses and drive parameter is rationally set to guarantee, speed ring and position ring are realized in RTX real-time control core by programmed algorithm,
No matter the control of rate, position or simulation model is all made of position mode of traction.Corrective network is realized by digital form, is led to
Adjustment speed ring tri- proportional components of gain V_P, feedback oscillator F_P and position loop gain P_P are crossed, system control can be met and wanted
It asks, and makes system that there is preferable quick response and robustness.It is defeated in position command output and rate control in control algolithm
It is both provided with limited amplitude protection out.The present invention has database preparation function, saves to initial data, and provides multistage number
According to.
The data Collection & Processing System of all-sky polarization observation can be simply illustrated as：Realize that polarization sensor intelligently exposes
Control controls the selection of exposure mode next time according to the result of image data；Sensor obtains all-sky and polarizes image data
Storage and Intelligent treatment.Realize that all-sky polarization observation sensor is continuously shot spectrum assignment, spectrum assignment is mainly by FPGA
Contour precision die is completed, and synchronization accuracy is up to nanosecond.
1. becoming phase multi-radian edged surface member optical polarization imaging sequence system to be directly installed on inside double axle table, it is being imaged
Multi-angle polarizing film is placed before system, for obtaining target polarization image, and will be on image transmitting to data logger and control
Position machine.Upper computer software, as shown in fig. 6, sequence is imaged in the inner frame of double axle table and change phase multi-radian edged surface member optical polarization
Column system connects firmly the rotation that orientation, height both direction may be implemented together, and detector is made to carry out multi-direction observation.It is upper
Machine software can directly be acquired the image for becoming phase multi-radian edged surface member optical polarization imaging sequence system, and be saved.Control
Circuit part processed is responsible for the reception, transmission and transmission of system command, image information and data.In the present invention, multispectral observation is covered
500~1000nm of lid, including but not limited to 550nm, 3 channels 670nm, 860nm.Multi-angle polarization observation, degree of polarization direction
Can cover as needed whole angles (for example including but be not limited only to 30 °, 60 °, 120 °).
A whole set of 2 space π all-skies polarize observation instrument, final real by selecting suitable control measurement and control parameter
Now to the accurate control of turntable, control strategy and selection of control parameter improperly in the case of, it is existing be likely to be obtained it is undesirable very
To the image data not being available, under reasonable control parameter and strategy, available more satisfied image result.Whole
In the state of machine complete job, the imaging performance of complete machine and the precise positioning ability of equipment can satisfy requirement of engineering completely.
Steps are as follows for use of the invention：
(1) serial ports and cable of electronic control box are connected；
(2) installation driving；The serial ports number and baud rate of modification connection control box；
(3) computer IP address and subnet mask are modified；
(4) host computer procedure, the serial ports successful connection if connection status is shown as " opening successfully " are opened, then clicks opening
Image, if without exception and there is graphic interface to show, network interface connection success；
(5) such as Fig. 6, network interface connection state under normal circumstances, click upper computer software digits right button, turntable will be square
Position and pitching go to the specified outer cover hole location of button to it, then click inside casing bore, then camera will go in corresponding in turntable
Under frame wave band camera lens, click remove button, then can remove it is all had clicked on digital buttons label, allow digital button again
It can click；
(6) in the normal situation of network interface connection, clicking opening image will pop up Image Acquisition window, can show real-time figure
Picture clicks upper left corner save button, and image can be saved in specified path by this；
(7) if occurring exception in use, stop button can be clicked, turntable is allowed to stop operating, click zero-bit button,
Turntable is allowed to be restored to zero-bit.
The various embodiments described above are merely to illustrate the present invention, wherein the structure of each component, connection type and manufacture craft etc. are all
It can be varied, all equivalents and improvement carried out based on the technical solution of the present invention should all be in this hair
Within bright protection scope.
Claims (6)
1. a set of 2 π spatial polarization observation instrument, which is characterized in that including the benchmark architecture divided based on 2 space π celestial spheres；Upper half
The orientation and pitching integration rotating platform control system of spherical space multi-angle observation；Become the imaging of phase multi-radian edged surface member optical polarization
Sequential system；Wherein, the benchmark architecture divided based on 2 space π celestial spheres is a hemispherical, by well-regulated multi-radian edged surface member
Aperture mirror observes 2 spaces π of sky, and is overlapped between each observation area, is accurately overlapped with observation area in 2 spaces π；When change
The hole of the alignment lens optical shield of phase multi-radian edged surface member optical polarization imaging sequence system.
2. 2 π spatial polarization observation instrument as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the side of episphere spacial multi-angle observation
Position and pitching integration rotating platform control system, including double axle table, installation base surface, electronic control box.
3. 2 π spatial polarization observation instrument as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that double axle table includes power distribution unit, drives
Moving cell and control unit, wherein power distribution unit includes AC-DC power supply and power-supply filter, for being that driving unit and control are single
Member provides reliable and stable DC voltage；The double axle table uses U-U type structure, and orientation frame axis realizes orientation perpendicular to base
Movement, pitching frame axis level realize pitching movement in base.
4. 2 π spatial polarization observation instrument as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that installation base surface is protected according to shafting design
The stability that card instrument uses；Shafting is to guarantee the key factor of revolving table position precision and speed precision, and each frame is by NSK precision corner
Contact bearing forms shafting.
5. 2 π spatial polarization observation instrument as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that electronic control box realizes the space entire 2 π
Polarize the control work of observation instrument；Control method use three close-loop control structure, be followed successively by from inside to outside electric current loop, speed ring and
Position ring.
6. 2 π spatial polarization observation instrument as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that it is inclined to become phase multi-radian edged surface member optics
Vibration imaging sequence system is mounted on inside double axle table, and multi-angle polarizing film is placed before imaging system, inclined for obtaining target
Shake image, and by image transmitting to data logger and controls host computer；Inner frame and optical polarization the imaging system of double axle table
System connects firmly together, realizes the rotation in orientation, height both direction, and detector is made to carry out multi-direction observation；Upper computer software is used
It is directly acquired, and is saved in the image for becoming phase multi-radian edged surface member optical polarization imaging sequence system；Control circuit
It is responsible for system command, the reception of image information and data, transmission and transmission in part.
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| CN109186770A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-01-11 | 中国科学院光电研究院 | A kind of multi-functional hemisphere sky polarized imaging system |
| CN116519137B (en) * | 2023-07-04 | 2023-09-15 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Cooperative polarized type device and method for measuring ambient light background radiation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1971246A (en) * | 2006-05-09 | 2007-05-30 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Atmospheric polarization mode detection device and detection method thereof |
| CN101281060A (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2008-10-08 | 大连理工大学 | Sky polarized light radiation spectrum measuring systems |
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| CN1971246A (en) * | 2006-05-09 | 2007-05-30 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Atmospheric polarization mode detection device and detection method thereof |
| CN101281060A (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2008-10-08 | 大连理工大学 | Sky polarized light radiation spectrum measuring systems |
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| POLDER多角度、多通道偏振探测器对地遥感观测研究进展;陈洪滨 等;《遥感技术与应用》;20060430;第21卷(第2期);全文 * |
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