CN106839161A - 抑霜型热泵室外机 - Google Patents
抑霜型热泵室外机 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种抑霜型热泵室外机,蒸发器翅片表面喷涂石墨烯分散液,形成一层具有强疏水性的石墨烯薄膜,用于延缓蒸发器翅片表面结霜时间,减少结霜量,达到抑制结霜的效果。首先使用超声波设备对蒸发器翅片表面进行洁净处理,再将配制好的石墨烯分散液放置于涂料贮存罐中,以氮气为载流体随氮气从喷枪喷出,喷枪喷出的石墨烯分散液的分散小球不断附着在蒸发器翅片表面;将喷涂有石墨烯分散液的蒸发器翅片置于烘干炉中进行烘干处理,经过再叠加、干燥工艺流程,最终在蒸发器翅片表面得到疏水性石墨烯薄膜。由于石墨烯具有较强的疏水性,热泵在制热工况运行时,蒸发器翅片表面会产生的冷凝水珠不易铺展开来,可有效地降低热传导速度并大幅度延长结霜时间。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种热泵工况下,尤其是一种室外机抗结霜装置。
背景技术
空气源热泵具有一机两用、高效节能、使用方便和低污染等一系列特点,因此在我国空气源热泵得到迅速的推广和发展。但从现阶段空气源热泵机组的实际运行效果来看,主要是由于空气源热泵室外换热器表面的结霜导致机组运行的可靠性差。表面霜层的形成一方面增加了空气流过换热器表面时的阻力,导致空气流量减少;另一方面降低了空气与换热器之间的传热效率,使换热器的换热量大大降低。随着霜层的逐渐增厚,工作状况持续恶化,严重影响机组的制热效率和正常运行。目前的一些除霜过程不仅会增加能源消耗和额外的投资费用,而且还会降低***的运行效率和设备的使用寿命。因此在研究结霜机理基础上,在结霜现象发生初期,寻求一种行之有效的抑霜措施尤为重要,以改善***的运行特性、提高效率、降低能耗。
国内外学者根据结霜机理,从影响结霜的各个因素出发开展大量的研究工作,探索了多种抑制结霜的途径。目前的抑霜措施主要是改变换热器周围空气参数和改变换热器表明特性。
当湿空气流经换热器表明时,若翅片表面温度低于空气中水蒸气的露点温度,就会发生相变结霜。因此国内外研究者对此展开了大量的研究工作。
Kondepudi等人采用固体干燥剂来降低室外换热器表面空气的含湿量,以达到抑制结霜的目的,***在运行初期收到较好效果,但随着时间的延续,干燥剂的吸湿能力减弱,抑霜效果逐渐降低。为了克服固体除湿剂不可再生的缺点,Kinsara等人设计出了一套空调***除湿用的液体除湿***,该***由传统空气源热泵循环,除湿剂再生循环与空气除湿循环3个循环组成,能够连续工作,具有良好的抑制结霜效果,但由于***比较复杂,没能广泛使用。Zhang J.利用固体除湿换热器对被处理的空气进行除湿,达到抑制或者延缓结霜的效果,但是随着时间的增长,干燥剂吸收水分的能力减弱,抑霜效果也逐渐减弱。
虽然通过使用固体干燥剂和液体干燥***来降低蒸发器周围空气湿度,起到抑制表明结霜的效果,但是随着抑霜时间的增长,干燥剂和干燥***的吸湿能力也逐渐减弱,抑霜效果逐渐失效。因此该方法在实际应用中不能大量推广。
亲水涂料具有较强的吸水性,在结霜初期,可以将附着在冷板表面上的水珠吸附到亲水涂层内部形成亲水表面(图1),研究发现亲水性涂层内部具有能降低水冰点的物质,最低可以达到-20℃不,能够有效地延缓冷板表面初始霜晶的形成。
王红燕提出一种新型的亲水性抑霜材料,这种涂料成膜仅有0.03mm。通过实验发现:涂上这种涂层以后,可以有效的延长第一个结霜周期,抑霜效果明显,但是在第二个结霜周期仅维持了39min。Cai将甘油作为亲水涂料进行抑霜研究并对实验做了可视化观察,实验结果发现:制备的亲水涂层能够有效抑制除霜霜晶的形成,但对与霜层最后形成的厚度影响不大。翟玉玲用吸水性树脂制备出一种亲水性涂层,在低温高湿的条件下进行实验。通过实验对比发现,亲水性涂层能够明显推迟翅片表面霜晶出现时间,形成的霜量也相对减少,可有效地抑制霜的形成。
亲水性涂层材料在结霜初期会有一定的抑制效果,但是其抑霜能力在使用过程中随着霜层厚度的增加和时间的延长显著下降。
受“莲花效应”的启发,20世纪90年代以来,国内外学者掀起了研究超疏水性表面的热潮,并展开了超疏水表面在抑制结霜方面的研究。
刘清江对自然对流条件下疏水表面与普通金属表面霜的生长情况进行了对比研究,结果表明:疏水表面(图2)上的结霜速度比普通金属表面上的慢,并且霜晶呈针状,霜层疏松,说明疏水表面抑制了霜的生长。张友法对钢片表面先后进行高能微米喷雾处理和氟化处理,使其显示出超疏水性,通过实验发现,超疏水钢片表面上的水滴很难凝结,只有少量的霜晶形成,大大提高了其抗结霜性。丁云飞等通过静电纺丝方法制备出具有5微米结构疏水表面,对其疏水性能和结霜过程进行了实验测试。结果表明:疏水表面能有效延迟初始霜晶出现的时间,表面霜晶覆盖率低,具有较好的抑霜性能。Wang等人首次用铝酸酯偶联剂制取疏水性涂层,实验研究发现,与普通裸露翅片相比,该实验制取的疏水性涂层可有效抑制霜的生长,且推迟初次霜层形成时间约60min。
疏水性表面(图2)对结霜初期的霜晶生长有一定的作用,主要表现在疏水表面上水珠分布稀疏、霜晶形成晚,霜层稀薄等几个方面。
发明内容
本发明提出一种抑霜型热泵室外机,在室外机蒸发器翅片表面喷涂一层具有较强疏水性的石墨烯薄膜,延缓翅片表面结霜时间,减少结霜量,达到抑制结霜的效果。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案是:一种抑霜型热泵室外机,包括蒸发器,所述蒸发器翅片表面喷涂石墨烯分散液,形成一层具有强疏水性的石墨烯薄膜,用于延缓蒸发器翅片表面结霜时间,减少结霜量,达到抑制结霜的效果。
一种用于抑霜型热泵室外机的蒸发器翅片表面喷涂的石墨烯分散液制备方法,先通过Hummers法获得氧化石墨烯粉末,将石墨烯粉末与分散剂混合配制得到石墨烯悬浮液,用超声波粉碎机在设定功率200W时,粉碎10min获得石墨烯均一分散液。
一种用于抑霜型热泵室外机的喷涂机,包括喷枪、涂料贮存罐、空压机、涂料输送管、压缩气体输送器、油水分离器,所述喷枪通过压缩气体输送器和油水分离器连接空压机,并通过涂料输送管连接涂料贮存罐,涂料贮存罐连接压缩气体输送器,涂料贮存罐内放有石墨烯分散液。
一种用于抑霜型热泵室外机的蒸发器翅片表面制备石墨烯薄膜的方法,首先使用超声波设备对蒸发器翅片表面进行洁净处理,再将配制好的的石墨烯分散液放置于涂料贮存罐中,以氮气为载流体随氮气从喷枪喷出,设定空压机表压力为0.6~0.8MPa,并使喷枪口与蒸发器翅片表面垂直,距离为10~15cm,喷枪水平速度为2cm/s,喷枪喷出的石墨烯分散液的分散小球不断附着在蒸发器翅片表面;然后,将喷涂有石墨烯分散液的蒸发器翅片置于烘干炉中进行烘干处理,保持烘干炉温度在180±10℃,恒温时间≥40min,最终经过再叠加、干燥工艺流程,最终在蒸发器翅片表面得到疏水性石墨烯薄膜。
所述喷枪移动路线采用纵横法,保证蒸发器翅片表面全部覆盖。
本发明的有益效果是:
石墨烯是从石墨材料中剥离出来,由碳原子组成的只有一层原子厚度的二维晶体。由傅里叶变换光谱可知,氧化石墨烯粉末表面有石墨烯粉末表面有C=O、C-O和O-H等亲水性基团,但由丙酮等酮类和脂类充当分散剂配制的悬浮液所获得的薄膜具有疏水性,这是因为丙酮等分散剂的C-O-C键吸附在石墨烯表面的缺陷和C=O等基团上,使得石墨烯表面表现为-CH3疏水基团,由此获得的石墨烯薄膜具有疏水性。
石墨烯薄膜可由石墨烯分散液通过喷涂法制备而成,喷涂法制备的石墨烯膜的静态接触角随基底的不同而改变。当基底表面为金属时,静态接触角(如图3所示),使得疏水材料更加疏水。采用喷涂法制备的石墨烯薄膜操作简单、效率高、成本低,可以在任意基底上进行。通过喷涂法可连续制备较大面积的膜,且对膜的损伤较小。
通过电子显微镜观察易发现石墨烯薄膜具有微纳等级结构,表面有褶皱现象。根据Wenzel理论,这种结构极大地提高了石墨烯薄膜表面粗糙度,有利于增加薄膜的表面疏水性。
由于石墨烯具有较强的疏水性,热泵在制热工况运行时,蒸发器翅片表面会产生的冷凝水珠不易铺展开来,可有效地降低热传导速度并大幅度延长结霜时间。
附图说明
图1为亲水表面图;
图2为疏水表面图;
图3为超疏水表面图;
图4为喷涂机结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
如图4所示,一种抑霜型热泵室外机,包括压缩机1、冷凝器2、毛细管3、蒸发器4。
室外机蒸发器4翅片表面喷涂石墨烯分散液,形成一层具有强疏水性的石墨烯薄膜,用于延缓翅片表面结霜时间,减少结霜量,达到抑制结霜的效果。
一种石墨烯分散液制备方法,先通过Hummers法获得氧化石墨烯粉末,将石墨烯粉末与分散剂混合配制得到石墨烯悬浮液,用超声波粉碎机在设定功率200W时,粉碎10min获得石墨烯均一分散液。
如图4所示,一种用于室外机蒸发器翅片表面喷涂的喷涂机,包括喷枪5、涂料贮存罐8、空压机11、涂料输送管6、压缩气体输送器7、压力表9、油水分离器10。
喷枪5通过压缩气体输送器7和油水分离器10连接空压机11,并通过涂料输送管6连接涂料贮存罐8,涂料贮存罐8连接压缩气体输送器7,涂料贮存罐8内放有石墨烯分散液。
一种室外机蒸发器翅片表面制备石墨烯薄膜的方法,首先使用超声波设备对蒸发器翅片表面进行洁净处理,然后将配制好的的石墨烯分散液放置涂料贮存罐8中(图4所示),以氮气为载流体,设定空压机11表压力为0.6~0.8MPa,尽量使喷枪5口与蒸发器4翅片表面垂直,距离为10~15cm,喷枪5水平速度约2cm/s。由于喷枪5前后压差的骤然变化,喷涂液在空中因流体表面收缩张力形成微/纳米级的分散小球,这些分散小球不断附着在蒸发器4翅片表面。喷枪5移动路线采用纵横法,保证蒸发器4翅片表面全部覆盖。将喷涂石墨烯分散液后的蒸发器4翅片置于烘干炉中进行烘干处理,保持烘干炉温度在180±10℃,恒温时间不低于40min。最终经过再叠加、干燥等工艺流程,最终可在蒸发器4翅片表面得到疏水性石墨烯薄膜。
本发明特别适用于热泵***、制冷***等的蒸发器表面,以抑制和延缓蒸发器表面霜的的形成。
Claims (5)
1.一种抑霜型热泵室外机,包括蒸发器,其特征在于:所述蒸发器翅片表面喷涂石墨烯分散液,形成一层具有强疏水性的石墨烯薄膜,用于延缓蒸发器翅片表面结霜时间,减少结霜量,达到抑制结霜的效果。
2.一种用于权利要求1所述的抑霜型热泵室外机的蒸发器翅片表面喷涂的石墨烯分散液制备方法,其特征在于:先通过Hummers法获得氧化石墨烯粉末,将石墨烯粉末与分散剂混合配制得到石墨烯悬浮液,用超声波粉碎机在设定功率200W时,粉碎10min获得石墨烯均一分散液。
3.一种用于权利要求1所述的抑霜型热泵室外机的喷涂机,包括喷枪(5)、涂料贮存罐(8)、空压机(11)、涂料输送管(6)、压缩气体输送器(7)、油水分离器(10),其特征在于:所述喷枪(5)通过压缩气体输送器(7)和油水分离器(10)连接空压机(11),并通过涂料输送管(6)连接涂料贮存罐(8),涂料贮存罐(8)连接压缩气体输送器(7),涂料贮存罐(8)内放有石墨烯分散液。
4.一种用于权利要求1所述的抑霜型热泵室外机的蒸发器翅片表面制备石墨烯薄膜的方法,其特征在于:首先使用超声波设备对蒸发器(4)翅片表面进行洁净处理,再将配制好的的石墨烯分散液放置于涂料贮存罐(8)中,以氮气为载流体,设定空压机(11)表压力为0.6~0.8MPa,并使喷枪(5)口与蒸发器(4)翅片表面垂直,距离为10~15cm,喷枪(5)水平速度为2cm/s,喷枪(5)喷出的石墨烯分散液的分散小球不断附着在蒸发器(4)翅片表面;然后,将喷涂有石墨烯分散液的蒸发器(4)翅片置于烘干炉中进行烘干处理,保持烘干炉温度在180±10℃,恒温时间≥40min,经过再叠加、干燥工艺流程,最终在蒸发器(4)翅片表面得到疏水性石墨烯薄膜。
5.根据权利要求4所述的蒸发器翅片表面制备石墨烯薄膜的方法,其特征在于所述喷枪(5)移动路线采用纵横法,保证蒸发器翅片表面全部覆盖。
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