CN106833362A - A kind of gloss oil on tin printing ink - Google Patents
A kind of gloss oil on tin printing ink Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106833362A CN106833362A CN201710108150.8A CN201710108150A CN106833362A CN 106833362 A CN106833362 A CN 106833362A CN 201710108150 A CN201710108150 A CN 201710108150A CN 106833362 A CN106833362 A CN 106833362A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- gloss oil
- printing ink
- tin printing
- resin
- ink according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
- C09D175/14—Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
- C09D163/10—Epoxy resins modified by unsaturated compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
- C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of gloss oil on tin printing ink, according to mass percent, by 10 30% epoxy acrylic resin, 10 20% polyurethane acrylic resin, 0 10% polyester acrylate resin, 40 60%;Acrylic ester monomer, 4 10% light trigger, 0.01% 0.5% levelling agent, 0.01% 0.5% defoamer, 0.1% 2% wax, 0.5% 2% antiwear assistant composition.Present invention also offers a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned gloss oil on tin printing ink.Gloss oil of the invention has solvent-free discharge, and low energy consumption, cure cycle is short, and solvent resistance is good, and adhesive force is good, and processability is good, the characteristics of glossiness is high, is particularly well-suited to tin printing ink oil polish.And gloss oil of the invention is without any solvent, with environmental advantages.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to chemical field, it is related to a kind of photocuring gloss oil, it is specifically a kind of on tin printing ink
Gloss oil.
Background technology
Tin printing ink oil polish is the protection of tin printing ink pattern and the attractive in appearance of product to be developed in order to improve.Tradition
Method is that, with solvent-based two-component or multicomponent gloss oil, using high warm baking-curing pattern making, adhesive force and processability are good,
But there is solvent discharge, high energy consumption, the production cycle is long, and product endurance is poor, surface is easily corroded by solvent, and glossiness is low
Problem.Attention with country to environmental protection, traditional gloss oil can not slowly meet requirement.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of gloss oil on tin printing ink, described is this for tin printing ink
Gloss oil to solve gloss oil high energy consumption of the prior art, the production cycle is long, product endurance is poor, surface easily by solvent corrode,
The low technical problem of glossiness.
The invention provides a kind of gloss oil on tin printing ink, by following mass percent into being grouped into:
Further, described epoxy acrylic resin is bisphenol type epoxy acrylic resin, can be acroleic acid esterification
The structurally-modified bisphenol A type epoxy resin of bisphenol A type epoxy resin, esters of acrylic acid (half ester process) or modified epoxy acrylic acid
Any one in ester or two or more combinations.Above-mentioned epoxy acrylic resin has had epoxy resin concurrently and other change
The advantage of property agent, with excellent cohesive force, endurance, glossiness, hardness and pliability etc..
Further, described polyurethane acrylic resin selects the polyurethane resin of acrylate-based end-blocking.Acrylic acid
Ester terminated polyurethane resin has bending high, adhesion, pliability and the excellent plumpness of polyurethane.
Further, described polyester acrylate resin selection adhesive force is good, the resin of good leveling property, such as Sartomer
CN704, CN709 etc..
Further, described acrylic ester monomer is selected from the group of 1.6 hexanediyl esters and acryloyl morpholine
Close, the mass ratio of 1.6 hexanediyl esters and acryloyl morpholine is 30-50:0-10, on ink have rapid curing with
And high adhesion force.
Further, described light trigger selects the performance initiator types such as low smell, low-yellowing, rapid curing.Example
Such as 184 (1- hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketones), TPO (2,4,6- trimethylbenzoy-dipheny phosphine oxide), CBP (4- chlorine two
Benzophenone) etc..
Further, described reactive amines are P-115, with quick surface drying performance.
Further, described levelling agent levelling agent of the selection with quick levelling effect.It can be polyacrylate
Levelling agent (long wave levelling), silicone levelling agent (shortwave levelling).Can be compounded using BYK333 and BYK361N, BYK333
Account for total system quality 0-0.1%, BYK361N and account for total system quality 0.05-0.2%, there is quick levelling after collocation, put down after coating
Smooth property is good, and without obvious Bei Nade vortexs, volcanic crater is nonwetting to wait paint film levelling problem.Additionally, have can recoatability.
Further, described defoamer can be the defoamer BYK051 and low polar system froth breaking of middle polarity system
Agent BYK055 arranges in pairs or groups, and BYK051 accounts for system quality 0-0.05%, BYK055 and accounts for system quality 0-0.05%.
Further, described wax selection polytetrafluoroethylwax wax, polytetrafluoroethylwax wax has excellent smoothness, and addition is few
Amount is remarkably improved the scraping and wiping resistance performance of gloss oil
Further, described antiwear assistant is nanometer grade silica.Silica provides excellent resisting in paint film
Abrasiveness and case hardness, will not be settled from nano level storage, and coating does not influence apparent.
Present invention also offers the preparation method of above-mentioned gloss oil, comprise the following steps:
(6) each reactive material is weighed according to mass percent;
(7) by light trigger, acrylic ester monomer is mixed in 50~70 DEG C of heating, and starts stirring to limpid;
(8) addition epoxy acrylic resin, polyester acrylate resin, polyurethane acrylic resin, 50~70 DEG C of stirrings are extremely
It is transparent;
(9) reactive amines, levelling agent, defoamer, antiwear assistant dispersion are added;
(10) wax is added, finished product is obtained to after being uniformly dispersed under 500~2000 revs/min of stirring.
Viscosity is 180-250mpas to gloss oil of the invention at 25 degrees c.Gloss oil of the invention can be under ultraviolet lamp source
Rapid curing, solidification energy requirement is not less than 180mj/CM.
In the present invention, each component directly can be bought from commercial channels in gloss oil.
Principle of the invention is:In the present invention, arranged in pairs or groups using epoxy acrylate and urethane acrylate, after solidification
Paint film has good hardness and processability.The light trigger for being used in the present invention has low smell, more hypotoxicity, ring
Protect.The endurance of gloss oil improves very big than tradition in the present invention.
The present invention is compared with prior art, and its technological progress is positive and obvious.Gloss oil each component is easy in the present invention
Buy, prepare also easily, with good application prospect.Gloss oil of the invention has solvent-free discharge, low energy consumption, solidification week
Phase is short, and solvent resistance is good, and adhesive force is good, and processability is good, the characteristics of glossiness is high, is particularly well-suited to tin printing ink oil polish.And
And gloss oil of the invention is without any solvent, with environmental advantages.
Specific embodiment
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is described in detail below, so that advantages and features of the invention are easier to by this
Art personnel understand, apparent are clearly defined so as to be made to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The invention provides a kind of gloss oil on tin printing ink, by following mass percent into being grouped into:
Embodiment 2
The invention provides a kind of gloss oil on tin printing ink, by following mass percent into being grouped into:
Embodiment 3
The invention provides a kind of gloss oil on tin printing ink, by following mass percent into being grouped into:
The preparation method of above-mentioned each gloss oil is comprised the following steps:
(11) by light trigger, acrylic ester monomer is mixed in 60 DEG C of heating, and starts stirring to limpid;
(12) epoxy acrylic resin is added, polyester acrylate resin, polyurethane acrylic resin, 60 DEG C of stirrings are to saturating
It is bright;
(13) levelling agent, defoamer, antiwear assistant dispersion are added;
(14) wax high-speed stirred is added to obtain finished product to after being uniformly dispersed.
The test data such as following table of the gloss oil of the above embodiment of the present invention 1,2,3:
Table 1
In sum, gloss oil of the invention has stronger adhesive force, with good processability and chemical-resistant, and
It is more environmentally-friendly, tin printing ink surface is particularly well-suited to, have broad application prospects.
The particular embodiment of the present invention is illustrated above, but protection content of the invention is not only limited to the above
Embodiment, in the technical field belonging to the present invention, the usual knowledge of a GPRS, it is possible to carried out in the range of its technology main idea
Diversified change.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of gloss oil on tin printing ink, it is characterised in that by following mass percent into being grouped into:
2. a kind of gloss oil on tin printing ink according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described epoxy acrylic
Resin is bisphenol type epoxy acrylic resin, and described bisphenol type epoxy acrylic resin is acrylated bisphenol A type rings
It is any in the structurally-modified bisphenol A type epoxy resin of oxygen tree fat, esters of acrylic acid (half ester process) or modified epoxy acrylic ester
One or more kinds of combinations.
3. a kind of gloss oil on tin printing ink according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described polyurethane propylene
Acid resin selects the polyurethane resin of acrylate-based end-blocking.
4. a kind of gloss oil on tin printing ink according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described polyester acrylic
Choice of Resin adhesive force is good, the resin of good leveling property.
5. a kind of gloss oil on tin printing ink according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described esters of acrylic acid
Monomer has rapid curing and high adhesion force on ink.
6. a kind of gloss oil on tin printing ink according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described light trigger choosing
Select low smell, low-yellowing, fast curing properties initiator type.
7. a kind of gloss oil on tin printing ink according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described reactive amines are P-
115, with quick surface drying performance.
8. a kind of gloss oil on tin printing ink according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described levelling agent selection
Levelling agent with quick levelling effect.
9. a kind of gloss oil on tin printing ink according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described defoamer is multiple
With defoamer.
10. a kind of gloss oil on tin printing ink according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described wax selection is poly-
Tetrafluoroethene wax.
A kind of 11. gloss oil on tin printing ink according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described antiwear assistant
It is nanometer grade silica.
The preparation method of a kind of gloss oil on tin printing ink described in 12. claims 1, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly:
(1) each reactive material is weighed according to mass percent;
(2) by light trigger, acrylic ester monomer is mixed in 50~70 DEG C of heating, and starts stirring to limpid;
(3) epoxy acrylic resin is added, polyester acrylate resin, polyurethane acrylic resin, 50~70 DEG C of stirrings are to transparent;
(4) reactive amines, levelling agent, defoamer, antiwear assistant dispersion are added;
(5) wax is added, finished product is obtained to after being uniformly dispersed under 500~2000 revs/min of stirring.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710108150.8A CN106833362A (en) | 2017-02-27 | 2017-02-27 | A kind of gloss oil on tin printing ink |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710108150.8A CN106833362A (en) | 2017-02-27 | 2017-02-27 | A kind of gloss oil on tin printing ink |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN106833362A true CN106833362A (en) | 2017-06-13 |
Family
ID=59134007
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710108150.8A Pending CN106833362A (en) | 2017-02-27 | 2017-02-27 | A kind of gloss oil on tin printing ink |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN106833362A (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107529541A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2018-01-02 | 上海牡丹油墨有限公司 | A kind of environment-friendly type high grade of transparency UV offset printing matte gloss oils and preparation method thereof |
CN107619622A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2018-01-23 | 洋紫荆油墨(中山)有限公司 | A kind of glass water resistance UV gloss oil and preparation method thereof |
CN108047813A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-05-18 | 惠州德斯坤实业有限公司 | LED UV offset printing gloss oils and its application in field of intelligent cards or wrapping paper field |
CN108610940A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-10-02 | 苏州通产丽星包装科技有限公司 | A kind of low smell UV light gloss oil and preparation method thereof |
CN111205733A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-05-29 | 上海超彩油墨有限公司 | Cationic/free radical dual-curing UV gloss oil for tin printing ink and preparation method thereof |
CN112552758A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-26 | 广东昊辉新材料有限公司 | UV-cured high-surface-tension gloss oil, and preparation method and application thereof |
CN113234376A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-10 | 江苏泰特尔新材料科技股份有限公司 | Solvent-free UV tin printing coating and preparation method and application thereof |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004067648A1 (en) * | 2003-01-28 | 2004-08-12 | Chimigraf Ibérica, Sl | Method of producing a flexographic varnish and product thus obtained |
CN102120908A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-07-13 | 浙江工业大学 | Paper package surface cold-transfer type gold blocking UV oil polish and application thereof |
CN102329558A (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2012-01-25 | 江苏海田技术有限公司 | Low-odor high-wear-resistance UV (ultraviolet) metal printing oil polish |
CN102392389A (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2012-03-28 | 东莞隽思印刷有限公司 | Rewritable UV (Ultraviolet) gloss oil |
CN103819963A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-05-28 | 惠州市立美特环保油墨有限公司 | UV benzene-free gloss oil and preparing method thereof |
-
2017
- 2017-02-27 CN CN201710108150.8A patent/CN106833362A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004067648A1 (en) * | 2003-01-28 | 2004-08-12 | Chimigraf Ibérica, Sl | Method of producing a flexographic varnish and product thus obtained |
CN102120908A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-07-13 | 浙江工业大学 | Paper package surface cold-transfer type gold blocking UV oil polish and application thereof |
CN102329558A (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2012-01-25 | 江苏海田技术有限公司 | Low-odor high-wear-resistance UV (ultraviolet) metal printing oil polish |
CN102392389A (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2012-03-28 | 东莞隽思印刷有限公司 | Rewritable UV (Ultraviolet) gloss oil |
CN103819963A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-05-28 | 惠州市立美特环保油墨有限公司 | UV benzene-free gloss oil and preparing method thereof |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107529541A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2018-01-02 | 上海牡丹油墨有限公司 | A kind of environment-friendly type high grade of transparency UV offset printing matte gloss oils and preparation method thereof |
CN107619622A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2018-01-23 | 洋紫荆油墨(中山)有限公司 | A kind of glass water resistance UV gloss oil and preparation method thereof |
CN108047813A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-05-18 | 惠州德斯坤实业有限公司 | LED UV offset printing gloss oils and its application in field of intelligent cards or wrapping paper field |
CN108610940A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-10-02 | 苏州通产丽星包装科技有限公司 | A kind of low smell UV light gloss oil and preparation method thereof |
CN111205733A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-05-29 | 上海超彩油墨有限公司 | Cationic/free radical dual-curing UV gloss oil for tin printing ink and preparation method thereof |
CN112552758A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-26 | 广东昊辉新材料有限公司 | UV-cured high-surface-tension gloss oil, and preparation method and application thereof |
CN113234376A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-10 | 江苏泰特尔新材料科技股份有限公司 | Solvent-free UV tin printing coating and preparation method and application thereof |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN106833362A (en) | A kind of gloss oil on tin printing ink | |
CN110330881B (en) | Photocuring environment-friendly flexible PVC stain-resistant matte finish paint and preparation method thereof | |
CN103031034A (en) | White finish coat photocurable UV (ultraviolet) paint and preparation method thereof | |
CN100503757C (en) | Ultraviolet light solidifying paint containing POSS and its preparation method | |
CN107226883A (en) | A kind of core shell structure aqueous silicone acrylic emulsion and preparation method thereof | |
CN101481451A (en) | High solid content latent curing polyurethane acroleic acid hybrid emulsion | |
CN102226051B (en) | Glaze coloring agent for waterborne woodenware coating and preparation method thereof | |
CN107083138B (en) | Water-based acrylic amino coating based on wine soaking resistance for glass wine bottle base material | |
CN105859954B (en) | A kind of preparation method of water-based matt acrylic emulsion | |
CN103951818A (en) | Sulphonic acid type water-based unsaturated polyester and application of sulphonic acid type water-based unsaturated polyester in coating | |
CN102952445A (en) | Multi-component ground coating, toning method, and coating repairing method | |
CN112048077B (en) | Castor oil-based aqueous photocuring nonionic emulsion and preparation method and application thereof | |
CN111732873B (en) | UV ink-jet gloss oil and preparation method thereof | |
CN112126340A (en) | UV color-repairing essential oil | |
CN110054976A (en) | Aqueous hydroxy acrylic acid dispersoid modified by multi-heterocyclic acrylate monomer and preparation method thereof | |
CN103328587B (en) | Poly-hydroxyaliphatic carboxylic acids's ester is as the application of additive in coating composition | |
CN111848878A (en) | Aqueous acrylic acid dispersion and preparation method and application thereof | |
CN111363078A (en) | Double-crosslinking high-hardness macromolecular emulsifier, high-hardness aqueous single-component acrylic resin and preparation method thereof | |
CN102399344A (en) | Self-thickening pure acrylic latex used in art paints, and preparation method thereof | |
CN102702411A (en) | Core-shell matte emulsion as well as preparation method and application of core-shell matte emulsion in water matte gloss oil | |
CN102492100A (en) | Water-dispersed fluorine-containing hydroxyl acrylic-epoxy ester heterozygous body resin and coating thereof | |
CN105295633B (en) | A kind of aqueous dumb light paint and preparation method | |
CN114231079B (en) | UV offset printing ink fountain matt oil and preparation method and application thereof | |
CN112442317A (en) | Novel water-based matt soft touch ultraviolet curing coating and preparation and use methods thereof | |
CN107043444B (en) | A kind of water-based gloss oil base bond material and preparation method thereof |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information |
Inventor after: Zhang Longbin Inventor after: Chen Wenran Inventor before: Zhang Longbin |
|
CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20170613 |
|
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |