CN106824081A - A kind of Graphene titanium dioxide attapulgite composite material and its preparation method and application - Google Patents

A kind of Graphene titanium dioxide attapulgite composite material and its preparation method and application Download PDF

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CN106824081A
CN106824081A CN201710128711.0A CN201710128711A CN106824081A CN 106824081 A CN106824081 A CN 106824081A CN 201710128711 A CN201710128711 A CN 201710128711A CN 106824081 A CN106824081 A CN 106824081A
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titanium dioxide
graphene
composite material
attapulgite composite
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姜丽丽
李友建
杨邦建
张勤勇
闵中华
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Xihua University
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Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of Graphene titanium dioxide attapulgite composite material and its preparation method and application.The method includes:Prepare graphene oxide aaerosol solution;Prepare titanium dioxide suspension;Using hydro-thermal reaction method is by graphene oxide aaerosol solution, titanium dioxide suspension and concavo-convex is mixed to get Graphene titanium dioxide attapulgite composite material.The present invention is combined by the Graphene and titanium dioxide with elite clone performance and with the big recessed soil of specific surface area, comprehensive three kinds of advantages of material, prepare the Graphene titanium dioxide attapulgite composite material with electron conductivity high, high recyclability, high-specific surface area, high absorption capacity, high intensity, photocatalytic effect high and removing other fungus and purifying ability high;The method preparation cost is low, and operation is simple, is conducive to the carrying out of large-scale production.

Description

A kind of Graphene-titanium dioxide-attapulgite composite material and its preparation method and application
Technical field
Present invention relates particularly to a kind of Graphene-titanium dioxide-attapulgite composite material and its preparation method and application.
Background technology
Photocatalyst is a kind of photosemiconductor material with photo-catalysis function, is most safe and most clean in the world at present Surrounding purifying material.It has a low energy consumption, catalytic rate high, long service life, reusable, the features such as sterilized, purification, extensively Apply to the fields such as sterilization engineering, greasy dirt degraded engineering, cleaning project.Stability that photocatalyst is shown in application process and Reliability is gradually accepted by everybody, is a kind of new surrounding purifying material.Produced as new type purification industry is related to new purification Product are continued to bring out, and photocatalyst excellent degradation characteristic and photocatalysis characteristic be increasingly becoming the main material of the large-scale depollution of environment. The relational expression K=1240/Eg of light absorbs threshold value and band gap according to photocatalyst(Wherein K is light absorbs threshold value, and Eg is band gap)And sky Cave electrons spread equation:t=d2/k2D(D is particle diameter, and k is constant, and D is diffusion coefficient), show the width of photocatalytic semiconductor material The big degree of band gap determines light absorption wavelength threshold value, and particle diameter determines the probability of electronics and hole-recombination.Therefore, the more band is more carried out The photocatalytic semiconductor material that gap is small, particle diameter is big is applied to the research and production of the depollution of environment.But photocatalytic semiconductor material Bigger its specific surface area of particle diameter is just smaller, is unfavorable for that object is contacted with catalyst.Simultaneously pure photocatalytic semiconductor material light Ripple absorption region is small, specific surface area is small, and solar energy absorptivity is low under natural light, reduces photocatalysis efficiency.Due also to receiving Rice catalysis material is small-sized, and the electron hole pair that photocatalysis is produced easily is combined again, reduces discomposing effect.Meanwhile, mesh The synthetic method that preceding people prepare optic catalytic composite material is more complicated and cumbersome, and accessory substance is more, and the property of can be recycled is poor, only Change harmful substance species few.Secondly, the price for reacting used titanium source is high, reduce optic catalytic composite material performance and Practical value.Under study for action, preferably, its oxidability is strong, and stable chemical nature is nontoxic for the photocatalysis effect of titanium dioxide, so The composite titania material for preparing the big reusable edible of its specific surface area has significant role in terms of the depollution of environment.When TiO2 receives Rice grain there is also the small shortcoming of specific surface area, hinders it and is widely applied in purification industry.
Recessed soil is the generally acknowledged material in sewage treating material research with great potential.Its main cause includes:(a) Due to internal porous road, specific surface is big, up to 500m2. g-1More than.B () stable electrochemical property, is difficult to be wadded a quilt with cotton by electrolyte It is solidifying, had good stability in high temperature and salt solution.Recessed soil has Active sites, in addition to absorption, also catalytic action.(C) exist In sewage disposal, Concave-convex clay rod can regenerate, and it consumes energy few, can decolourize, can also deodorant taste removal, except carcinogen, it is right Environmental protection is highly beneficial.(d)The ability of recessed soil absorption is strong, the heavy metal ion such as its lead, chromium and aldehydes, lipid, hydro carbons etc. The organic molecule of sizing, directly can be adsorbed into duct.Meanwhile, recessed soil also has sterilizing, detoxification, pesticidal work( Energy.
Graphene is the generally acknowledged material in conductive material research with great potential.Its main cause includes(a)Stone Black alkene theoretical specific surface area is up to 2630 m2 g-1, be conducive to absorption largely can molecule be degraded(b)Carrier intrinsic mobility Up to 200 000 cm2 V-1 s-1, be conducive to the quick transmission of electronics;(c)Graphene has very excellent mechanical performance, Paper-like graphene film has up to 217 kgf mm-2 Hardness, be the twice of carbon steel hardness.
Therefore, Graphene and titanium dioxide and attapulgite material are combined the shortcoming that can overcome pure titinium dioxide, and have three concurrently Person's advantage, while effectively improving photocatalytic effect and detergent power, and realizes the reusable edible of composite.Wherein, graphite Alkene has excellent electric conductivity, is a good electron acceptor, can rapidly turn when titanium dioxide produces photocatalytic effect Electronics is moved, the probability of electronics and hole-recombination is reduced, photocatalytic effect is promoted.Recessed soil and Graphene all have super large simultaneously Specific surface area, its absorption type and quantity increase, improve adsorption capacity, overcome pure titinium dioxide adsorption capacity small Contradiction.And recessed soil itself can be decomposed, adsorbent, effectively removes the species of pollutant.And the material for being adsorbed is such as There is effectively degraded in photocatalyst surface in organophosphor, phenols, halogenated hydrocarbons, fragrant hydrocarbons and their derivates and heterocyclic compound etc., and It is finally decomposed to inorganic molecules material;Mercury, chromium, lead and oxide for being adsorbed etc. are in the strong of titanium dioxide optical catalyst Innocuous substance is degraded under redox ability, solves the problems, such as that recessed native capacity of decomposition is small, can so adsorbed again, reached and follow The purpose that ring is utilized.The material that the method is prepared has electron conductivity high, high recyclability, high-specific surface area, suction high Attached ability, high intensity, photocatalytic effect high and removing other fungus and purifying ability high, are a kind of very excellent photocatalytic degradation composite woods Material.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of Graphene-titanium dioxide-attapulgite composite material and its preparation method and application; The method is answered nano titanium oxide with the Graphene with elite clone performance and with the big recessed soil of specific surface area Close, obtain three-dimensional porous Graphene-titanium dioxide-attapulgite composite material, the material not only can using recessed soil and Graphene compared with Big specific surface area and stronger absorption property harmful substance in the short period of time in quick adsorption air or sewage, having Evil material is fixed in the material, moreover it is possible to by the preferable electric conductivity of photocatalysis performance and Graphene of titanium dioxide, by these Adsorbed and fixed harmful substance is slowly decomposed and discharges nontoxic material;The composite realizes venomous injurant Matter quickly absorbs fast decoupled and material reusable edible performance.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem is as follows:There is provided a kind of Graphene-titanium dioxide-recessed soil compound The preparation method of material, comprises the following steps:
(1)Prepare graphene oxide aaerosol solution;
(2)Prepare titanium dioxide suspension:Concentrated hydrochloric acid, water and ammonium sulfate are mixed, stirring, then be slowly added dropwise metatitanic acid thereto Four butyl esters, stir 2-3 hours, are obtained;
(3)Graphene oxide aaerosol solution, titanium dioxide suspension and recessed soil are placed in by hydro-thermal reaction using hydro-thermal reaction method In kettle, in isothermal reaction 20-24 hours at 160-200 DEG C, the graphene oxide-titanium dioxide with three-D space structure is obtained Titanium-attapulgite composite material;Hydro-thermal method is simple and easy to apply, while redox graphene and titanium dioxide is prepared, by controlling to react Temperature and reaction time can effectively adjust titanium dioxide crystal form.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, the present invention can also do following improvement:
Step(1)Detailed process be:
(11)Graphite powder is mixed with the concentrated sulfuric acid carries out ice bath, then is gradually added potassium permanganate to it and is added in 1-3 hours, obtains To mixed solution;
(12)By step(11)The mixed solution for obtaining be placed in 30-50 DEG C at isothermal reaction 0.5-2 hours, be stirred for 20-24 small When, then in being reacted 0.5-2 hours at 70-90 DEG C, filtering obtains mud cake mass, then added in above-mentioned mud cake mass Distilled water, in 3000-4000r ﹒ min-1Centrifugation 10-20 minutes, is centrifuged 2-3 times, obtains graphene oxide aaerosol solution.
Further, step(11)In, graphite powder is 8-12 with the mass volume ratio of the concentrated sulfuric acid:210-230;Potassium permanganate It is 48-52 with the mass volume ratio of the concentrated sulfuric acid:210-230.
Further, step(12)In, by step(11)The mixed solution for obtaining be placed in 35 DEG C at isothermal reaction 0.5 hour, It is stirred for 24 hours, then in being reacted 0.5 hour at 85 DEG C, filtering obtains mud cake mass, then in above-mentioned mud cake mass Distilled water is added, in 4000r ﹒ min-1Centrifugation 10 minutes, is centrifuged 2 times, obtains graphene oxide aaerosol solution.
Further, step(2)Detailed process be:
(21)Concentrated hydrochloric acid, deionized water and ammonium sulfate are mixed into 4min-6min, then after being slowly added dropwise butyl titanate, is stirred Mix 2-3 hours, obtain titanium dioxide suspension;The concentrated hydrochloric acid, water, ammonium sulfate and butyl titanate(v:v:w:v)It is 18- 20:10-20:0.36-0.38:4-4.5.
Further, step(3)Detailed process be:
(31)Graphene oxide aaerosol solution, titanium dioxide suspension and recessed soil are mixed, supersonic oscillations 10-30 minutes, Obtain mixed solution;
(32)By step(31)Obtained mixed solution is placed in water heating kettle, small in isothermal reaction 20-24 at 160-200 DEG C When, then washed with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water to neutrality, most after 70-80 DEG C of drying, obtain three-dimensional porous Graphene-two Titanium oxide-attapulgite composite material.
Further, step(32)In, by step(31)Gained mixing suspension is transferred in water heating kettle, in 180 DEG C of constant temperature Reaction 24 hours, then washed with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water to neutrality, most after 70 DEG C of drying, obtain three-dimensional porous graphite Alkene-titanium dioxide-attapulgite composite material.
Graphene-the titanium dioxide prepared using the preparation method of above-mentioned Graphene-titanium dioxide-attapulgite composite material Titanium-attapulgite composite material.
Above-mentioned Graphene-application of the titanium dioxide-attapulgite composite material in terms of sewage disposal and cleaning harmful gas.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1)The method carries out titanium dioxide with the Graphene with elite clone performance and with the big recessed soil of specific surface area Compound, comprehensive three kinds of advantages of material prepare electron conductivity high, high recyclability, high-specific surface area, high absorption capacity, height Graphene-titanium dioxide-the attapulgite composite material of intensity, photocatalytic effect high and removing other fungus and purifying ability high, by Graphene and The addition of recessed soil, further improves composite specific surface area, electron conductivity.
2)Be combined for Graphene and titanium dioxide and recessed soil by the present invention, improves the conduction efficiency of electronics so that titanium dioxide The photo-generated carrier on titanium surface is transferred to graphenic surface, so as to reduce TiO2The combined efficiency of middle electron hole pair, improves Photocatalysis efficiency.
3)The specific surface area of composite is big, improves adsorption capacity, effectively eliminates the pollutant in sewage, and The material for being adsorbed such as organophosphor, phenols, halogenated hydrocarbons, fragrant hydrocarbons and their derivates and heterocyclic compound etc. are sent out in photocatalyst surface Raw effectively degraded, and it is finally decomposed to inorganic molecules material;Mercury, chromium, lead and oxide for being adsorbed etc. are in titanium dioxide Innocuous substance is degraded under the Strong oxdiative reducing power of photochemical catalyst, can so be adsorbed again again, reach the mesh for recycling 's.
4)In hydrothermal reaction process of the invention, the functional group on graphene oxide surface(- OH ,-COOH etc.)Occur Fracture, the л electrons and TiO of the non-bonding in part2Surface free electron bonding, forms Ti-O-C keys, so as to improve TiO2Valency Band height, reduces its energy gap so that the absorption line red shift of UV-Vis diffusing reflectance spectras, increased visible absorption efficiency; Meanwhile, in hydrothermal reaction process, different conditions water in recessed native crystal structure is removed, internal structure is become loose porous, from And increase specific surface area, strengthen its adsorption capacity.
5)Operation is simple for the inventive method, and low cost is more environmentally friendly, is conducive to the carrying out of large-scale production.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail below, and example is served only for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention Scope.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of preparation method of Graphene-titanium dioxide-attapulgite composite material, comprises the following steps:
(1)Prepare graphene oxide aaerosol solution;
(11)8g graphite powders are mixed with the 210ml concentrated sulfuric acids carries out ice bath, then to be gradually added 230ml potassium permanganate to it small in 1 When it is interior add, obtain mixed solution;
(12)By step(11)The mixed solution for obtaining be placed in 30 DEG C at isothermal reaction 0.5 hour, then be positioned over magnetic stirrer Upper stirring 20 hours, reacts 0.5 hour at 90 DEG C, filtering, obtains mud cake mass, then add in above-mentioned mud cake mass Enter distilled water, in 3000-4000r ﹒ min-1Centrifugation 10 minutes, is centrifuged 2-3 times, obtains graphene oxide aaerosol solution.
(2)Prepare titanium dioxide suspension:18ml concentrated hydrochloric acids, 10ml water and 0.36g ammonium sulfate are mixed, stirring, then 4ml butyl titanates are slowly added dropwise thereto, are stirred 2-3 hours, be obtained.
(3)Prepare Graphene-titanium dioxide-attapulgite composite material
(31)By 3ml graphene oxides aaerosol solution, 20ml titanium dioxide suspensions and the recessed soil of 6mg
It is added to supersonic oscillations 10-20 minutes in beaker, obtains mixing suspension;
(32)By step(31)Gained mixing suspension is transferred in water heating kettle, is placed in vacuum drying chamber, and constant temperature is anti-at 160 DEG C Answer 20 hours, after reaction terminates, reaction final product is washed to neutrality, most after at 70 DEG C with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water Drying, obtains with the porous Graphene-titanium dioxide-attapulgite composite material of three-D space structure.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of preparation method of Graphene-titanium dioxide-attapulgite composite material, comprises the following steps:
(1)Prepare graphene oxide aaerosol solution;
(11)12g graphite powders are mixed with the 220ml concentrated sulfuric acids carries out ice bath, then to be gradually added 210ml potassium permanganate to it small in 3 When it is interior add, obtain mixed solution;
(12)By step(11)The mixed solution for obtaining be placed in 50 DEG C at isothermal reaction 2 hours, then be positioned on magnetic stirrer Stirring 24 hours, is reacted 2 hours at 70 DEG C, filtering, obtains mud cake mass, then steaming is added in above-mentioned mud cake mass Distilled water, in 4000r ﹒ min-1Centrifugation 20 minutes, is centrifuged 2-3 times, obtains graphene oxide aaerosol solution.
(2)Prepare titanium dioxide suspension:20ml concentrated hydrochloric acids, 20ml water and 0.38g ammonium sulfate are mixed, stirring, then 4.5ml butyl titanates are slowly added dropwise thereto, are stirred 2-3 hours, be obtained.
(3)Prepare Graphene-titanium dioxide-attapulgite composite material
(31)5ml graphene oxides aaerosol solution, 25ml titanium dioxide suspensions and the recessed soil of 10mg are added in beaker and are surpassed Sonication 10-20 minutes, obtain mixing suspension;
(32)By step(31)Gained mixing suspension is transferred in water heating kettle, is placed in vacuum drying chamber, and constant temperature is anti-at 200 DEG C Answer 24 hours, after reaction terminates, reaction final product is washed to neutrality, most after at 80 DEG C with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water Drying, obtains with the porous Graphene-titanium dioxide-attapulgite composite material of three-D space structure.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of preparation method of Graphene-titanium dioxide-attapulgite composite material, comprises the following steps:
(1)Prepare graphene oxide aaerosol solution;
(11)10g graphite powders are mixed with the 230ml concentrated sulfuric acids carries out ice bath, then to be gradually added 220ml potassium permanganate to it small in 2 When it is interior add, obtain mixed solution;
(12)By step(11)The mixed solution for obtaining be placed in 40 DEG C at isothermal reaction 1 hour, then be positioned on magnetic stirrer Stirring 22 hours, is reacted 1 hour at 80 DEG C, filtering, obtains mud cake mass, then steaming is added in above-mentioned mud cake mass Distilled water, in 3000r ﹒ min-1Centrifugation 10 minutes, is centrifuged 2-3 times, obtains graphene oxide aaerosol solution.
(2)Prepare titanium dioxide suspension:20ml concentrated hydrochloric acids, 20ml water and 0.38g ammonium sulfate are mixed, stirring, then 4.5ml butyl titanates are slowly added dropwise thereto, are stirred 2-3 hours, be obtained.
(3)Prepare Graphene-titanium dioxide-attapulgite composite material:
(31)4ml graphene oxides aaerosol solution, 22ml titanium dioxide suspensions and the recessed soil of 8mg are added to ultrasound in beaker Ripple vibrates 10-20 minutes, obtains mixing suspension;
(32)By step(31)Gained mixing suspension is transferred in water heating kettle, is placed in vacuum drying chamber, and constant temperature is anti-at 180 DEG C Answer 22 hours, after reaction terminates, reaction final product is washed to neutrality, most after at 75 DEG C with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water Drying, obtains with the porous Graphene-titanium dioxide-attapulgite composite material of three-D space structure.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all it is of the invention spirit and Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of preparation method of Graphene-titanium dioxide-attapulgite composite material, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1)Prepare graphene oxide aaerosol solution;
(2)Prepare titanium dioxide suspension:Concentrated hydrochloric acid, water and ammonium sulfate are mixed, stirring, then be slowly added dropwise metatitanic acid thereto Four butyl esters, stir 2-3 hours, are obtained;
(3)Graphene oxide aaerosol solution, titanium dioxide suspension and recessed soil are placed in by hydro-thermal reaction using hydro-thermal reaction method In kettle, in isothermal reaction 20-24 hours at 160-200 DEG C, the graphene oxide-titanium dioxide with three-D space structure is obtained Titanium-attapulgite composite material;The graphene oxide solution and titania solution and recessed soil(v:v:w)Envelope-bulk to weight ratio be 3- 5:20-25:0.006-0.01.
2. the preparation method of Graphene-titanium dioxide-attapulgite composite material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (1)Detailed process be:
(11)Graphite powder is mixed with the concentrated sulfuric acid carries out ice bath, then is gradually added potassium permanganate to it and is added in 1-3 hours, obtains To mixed solution;
(12)By step(11)The mixed solution for obtaining be placed in 30-50 DEG C at isothermal reaction 0.5-2 hours, be stirred for 20-24 small When, then in being reacted 0.5-2 hours at 70-90 DEG C, filtering obtains mud cake mass, then added in above-mentioned mud cake mass Distilled water, in 3000-4000r ﹒ min-1Centrifugation 10-20 minutes, is centrifuged 2-3 times, obtains graphene oxide aaerosol solution.
3. the preparation method of Graphene-titanium dioxide-attapulgite composite material according to claim 2, it is characterized in that:
Step(11)In, graphite powder is 8-12 with the mass volume ratio of the concentrated sulfuric acid:210-230;The matter of potassium permanganate and the concentrated sulfuric acid Amount volume ratio is 48-52:210-230.
4. the preparation method of Graphene-titanium dioxide-attapulgite composite material according to claim 2, it is characterized in that:
Step(12)In, by step(11)The mixed solution for obtaining be placed in 35 DEG C at isothermal reaction 0.5 hour, be stirred for 24 small When, then in being reacted 0.5 hour at 85 DEG C, filtering obtains mud cake mass, then distillation is added in above-mentioned mud cake mass Water, in 4000r ﹒ min-1Centrifugation 10 minutes, is centrifuged 2 times, obtains graphene oxide aaerosol solution.
5. the preparation method of Graphene-titanium dioxide-attapulgite composite material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (2)Detailed process be:
(21)Concentrated hydrochloric acid, water and ammonium sulfate are mixed into 4-6min, then after being slowly added dropwise butyl titanate, are stirred 2-3 hours, Obtain titanium dioxide suspension;The concentrated hydrochloric acid, water, ammonium sulfate and butyl titanate(v:v:w:v)It is 18-20:10-20: 0.36-0.38:4-4.5。
6. the preparation method of Graphene-titanium dioxide-attapulgite composite material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (3)Detailed process be:
(31)Graphene oxide aaerosol solution, titanium dioxide suspension and recessed soil are mixed, supersonic oscillations 10-30 minutes, Obtain mixed solution;
(32)By step(31)Obtained mixed solution is placed in water heating kettle, small in isothermal reaction 20-24 at 160-200 DEG C When, then washed with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water to neutrality, most after 70-80 DEG C of drying, obtain three-dimensional porous Graphene-two Titanium oxide-attapulgite composite material.
7. the preparation method of Graphene-titanium dioxide-attapulgite composite material according to claim 6, it is characterized in that:
Step(32)In, by step(31)Gained mixing suspension is transferred in water heating kettle, in 180 DEG C of isothermal reactions 24 hours, Washed with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water again to neutrality, most after 70 DEG C of drying, obtain three-dimensional porous Graphene-titanium dioxide- Attapulgite composite material.
8. prepared using the preparation method of the Graphene-titanium dioxide-attapulgite composite material described in any one of claim 7 Graphene-titanium dioxide-attapulgite composite material.
9. Graphene-titanium dioxide-the attapulgite composite material described in claim 8 is in terms of sewage disposal and cleaning harmful gas Application.
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