CN106819407A - A kind of additives for ensiling and its application for alfalfa ensilage - Google Patents
A kind of additives for ensiling and its application for alfalfa ensilage Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of additives for ensiling for alfalfa ensilage and its application, it is uniformly to spray exquisite pyrolkigneous liquid carry out the storage of clover cellar for storing things in clover surface or wrap up in bag ensiling, and the consumption of the exquisite pyrolkigneous liquid is 3 12L/t.The method of the present invention improves the ratio that soluble protein in alfalfa ensilage crude protein, the ratio shared by rumen degradable protein and lactic acid account for total VFA, reduce the ratio in content of lignin, crude protein shared by ammoniacal nitrogen, acidic cleaning insoluble protein and neutral detergent insoluble protein in pH value, dry, and acetic acid accounts for the ratio of total VFA, and then reduce alfalfa ensilage nutritive loss and improve Alfalfa Silage Fermentation Quality and palatability.The present invention have green non-pollution, efficiently, low cost the characteristics of, can reduce ensiling loss of material, improve silage fermentation quality, be finally reached effectively preserve ensiling material effect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the ensilage processing technique field in feed stripped.Specifically disclose a kind of for alfalfa ensilage
Additives for ensiling and its application.
Background technology
Clover is pulse family herbaceos perennial, rich in that albumen and can digest fiber, is of high nutritive value, and good palatability is
High-quality protein class feed.In recent years, with animal husbandry development and agricultural sector structure adjustment, especially national " high yield and high quality lucerne
The implementation and development of Mu Demonstration Construction project ", China's alfalfa cultivation area expand rapidly.The many places of China due to season and
The influence of weather, need to reduce the nutrient loss such as leaf protein by alfalfa ensilage, keep its dark green characteristic, but clover have it is low water-soluble
Property carbohydrate, buffer capacity high, can not be produced in ensilage enough ferment acid, be susceptible to the harmful bacterias such as clostridium
Fermentation, reduces the quality of ensilage, it is serious in the case of even occur to go rotten and rotten cannot apply.
Addition additives for ensiling can improve fermentation and the nutritional quality of alfalfa ensilage, existing addictive for alfalfa silage species compared with
It is many, can be divided into fermentation accelerant and fermentation inhibitor by effect.Fermentation accelerant be strengthen lactic acid bacteria activity by way of come
More lactic acid are produced, so that the pH value of ensilage declines rapidly, accelerates course of fermentation, including lactobacillus preparation, enzyme system
Agent etc..Fermentation inhibitor compares and is suitable for clover class water-soluble carbohydrate content including formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, formaldehyde etc.
Low grass silage, can in a short time reduce ensiling pH value, improve lactic acid concn, suppress the breeding and life of undesirable microorganism
It is long, while can also reduce ensiling protein degradation rate, increase aerobic stability of silage, and then improve Alfalfa Silage fermentation quality.
A kind of pure day of plant acids obtained by the pyrolysis gas condensation that pyrolkigneous liquid is produced when being natural plants dry distillation charring
Right material, is a kind of complicated components, function containing the gas chromatography of alcohols, acids, aldehydes, ketone etc. 200 based on acetic acid
Various and metastable system material.Correlative study shows, the characteristics of pyrolkigneous liquid and advantage is that it derives from natural materials, no
Pollution environment, finds that pyrolkigneous liquid has no toxic side effect to people and animals, in health care, food processing and agricultural production through safety evaluatio
There are many reality and potentiality purposes in field.
Used as plant extracts, main component is organic acid substance and its derivative to pyrolkigneous liquid, and pH value is relatively low（1.5-
3.7）, it is regarded as several chemical classes（Acid, aldehyde etc.）The combination of suppressive additives for ensiling, contributes to that pH's is quick in theory
Decline, coordinate clover itself lactobacillus-fermented, the purpose of alfalfa ensilage is preserved to reach, improve alfalfa ensilage and be fabricated to power.
Due to pyrolkigneous liquid, as the related application of additives for ensiling, there is not been reported, the present inventor with pyrolkigneous liquid as research object, research
Its application effect as additives for ensiling in alfalfa ensilage.
The content of the invention
The present inventor has found that pyrolkigneous liquid can be as ensiling by consulting pertinent literature and carrying out a series of correlation tests
Additive has better effects in terms of silage fermentation quality is improved, in can apply to alfalfa ensilage.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of additives for ensiling for alfalfa ensilage, it is characterised in that it is uniformly to spray in clover surface exquisite pyrolkigneous liquid
Carry out the storage of clover cellar for storing things or wrap up in bag ensiling, the consumption of the exquisite pyrolkigneous liquid is 3-12L/t.It is a Plant Extracts, mainly into
It is organic acid substance and its derivative to divide, and pH value is relatively low（1.5-3.7）, each part is respectively provided with suppression varied bacteria growing, drops
Low ph value, coordinates clover itself lactobacillus-fermented, and then improve the effect that alfalfa ensilage is fabricated to power.
It is 3-12L/t, described essence the present invention further discloses additive capacity of the acetum pyrolignosum rectificatum liquid in alfalfa ensilage
Pyrolkigneous liquid processed is acetum pyrolignosum rectificatum liquid or the bamboo vinegar after commercially available purification.
Application method of the acetum pyrolignosum rectificatum liquid as additives for ensiling during alfalfa ensilage：By acetum pyrolignosum rectificatum liquid stoste with
The dose uniformity of 3-12L/t is sprayed on the clover surface of the in good time results for crushing, and carries out cellar for storing things reservoir pressure reality, sealing, or directly enter
Row wraps up in bag ensiling, cellar for storing things can be opened after 45 days or is opened and wrapped up in bag and use, open during the use of cellar for storing things should vertical feeding up and down, it is sudden and violent to avoid
The area being exposed in air is too big, and aerobic loss is reduced as far as possible.
The present invention further discloses acetum pyrolignosum rectificatum liquid and is improving ensiling material palatability, reducing as additives for ensiling
Ensiling material nutritive loss simultaneously improves its fermentation quality to reach the application in terms of effectively preservation ensiling material, particularly in clover
Application in ensilage.Nutritive loss, improvement silage fermentation quality is wherein reduced to refer to：In raising alfalfa ensilage crude protein
Ratio and lactic acid shared by soluble protein, rumen degradable protein account for the ratio of total VFA, wooden in reduction pH value, dry
Ratio in cellulose content, crude protein shared by ammoniacal nitrogen, acidic cleaning insoluble protein and neutral detergent insoluble protein, and acetic acid is accounted for
The ratio of total VFA.
Experimental result shows：
（1）Acetum pyrolignosum rectificatum liquid treatment alfalfa ensilage can improve soluble protein in clover crude protein, shared by rumen degradable protein
Ratio, while the ratio shared by ammoniacal nitrogen, acidic cleaning insoluble protein and neutral detergent insoluble protein is reduced, to a certain extent
The utilizability of alfalfa is improve, loss of proteins is reduced；
（2）Acetum pyrolignosum rectificatum liquid treatment alfalfa ensilage can reduce the content of lignin in clover dry, improve to a certain extent
Its digestibility；
（3）Acetum pyrolignosum rectificatum liquid treatment alfalfa ensilage can reduce alfalfa ensilage pH value, improve lactic acid and account for the ratio of total VFA and reduce second
Acid accounts for the ratio of total VFA, and Alfalfa Silage Fermentation Quality and palatability are improved to a certain extent.
Application experiment method of the acetum pyrolignosum rectificatum liquid of the present invention as additives for ensiling in alfalfa ensilage is as follows：
Material and method：
Clover is cradled by grass harvester, cradles rear outdoor drying to water content 65% or so, cut clover with chopper
2-5cm is broken to, prepares the bag silo of 26cm × 35cm specifications, ensiling is made by every bag of 0.5kg clover, treatment group is refined for 3ml
Pyrolkigneous liquid（Close 6L/t）, control group addition 3mL distilled water replacement additives for ensiling, each 3 repetition for the treatment of, by additive and lucerne
Mu mix after be placed in bag silo, vacuumize sealing, after 45d by near-infrared analyzer alfalfa ensilage sample is carried out nutrition with
The silage fermentation index of quality is determined.Data result is represented with " means standard deviation ", by Subordinate Function to nutrition and fermentation
Index carries out overall merit.Membership function computational methods are as follows：
X is a certain index determining value of clover in formula, and Xmax and Xmin represents minimum and maximum in a certain index determining value respectively
Value.In general, the index such as crude protein, soluble protein and quality positive correlation, its membership function formula（1）Calculate, and
The index such as neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content is negatively correlated with its quality, therefore its membership function formula（2）Meter
Calculate, the membership function sum of above-mentioned all indexs can be used as evaluating the composite index of triticale yield and quality.
As a result：
Nutrition and fermentation index from after alfalfa ensilage（Table 1）As can be seen that thick in pyrolkigneous liquid treatment group clover dry after ensiling
Though albumen, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content increased compared with control group but difference does not reach the level of signifiance（p>
0.05）, the ratio that soluble protein, rumen degradable protein account for crude protein dramatically increases compared with control group（p<0.05）, and it is wooden
The content of ammoniacal nitrogen, acidic cleaning insoluble protein and neutral detergent insoluble protein shows compared with control group in cellulose content and crude protein
Write and decline（p<0.05）；Pyrolkigneous liquid treatment group alfalfa ensilage pH value is declined slightly compared with control group but difference does not reach the level of signifiance（p>
0.05）；Pyrolkigneous liquid treatment group alfalfa ensilage lactic acid content accounts for total VFA ratios and dramatically increases（p<0.05）, and acetic acid accounts for total VFA ratios
Example is remarkably decreased compared with control group（p<0.05）.
The relative forage grass value of alfalfa ensilage is calculated according to nutrition and fermentation index（RFQ）, the relatively control of pyrolkigneous liquid treatment group
Group significantly improves 2.36%（（p<0.05））；Comprehensive analysis, alfalfa ensilage effect wood are carried out to each index according to Subordinate Function
Vinegar liquid treatment group is significantly better than control group（p<0.05）：
The treatment group of table 1. and the nutrition of control group alfalfa ensilage and fermentation index
Conclusion：
Compared with control group, pyrolkigneous liquid treatment group alfalfa ensilage significantly reduces the content and crude protein of lignin in dry
The content of middle ammoniacal nitrogen, acidic cleaning insoluble protein and neutral detergent insoluble protein, significantly improves soluble egg in crude protein
White and rumen degradable protein content and lactic acid account for the ratio of total VFA, while reducing the ratio that acetic acid accounts for total VFA.Comprehensively comment
Valency index is worth with respect to forage grass（RFQ）And membership function result shows that pyrolkigneous liquid treatment group is significantly better than control group.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described below by specific embodiment.Unless stated otherwise, technological means used in the present invention
It is method known in those skilled in the art.In addition, embodiment is interpreted as illustrative, it is not intended to limit the present invention
Scope, the spirit and scope of the invention are limited only by the claims that follow.To those skilled in the art, without departing substantially from this
On the premise of invention spirit and scope, the various changes that are carried out to the material component and consumption in these embodiments or change
Belong to protection scope of the present invention.Acetum pyrolignosum rectificatum liquid used of the invention is that pyrolkigneous liquid, bamboo vinegar after purification etc. are referred to as, Jun You cities
Sell.
Embodiment 1：
Material and method：
Clover is cradled by grass harvester, cradles rear outdoor drying to water content 65% or so, cut clover with chopper
2-5cm is broken to, prepares the bag silo of 26cm × 35cm specifications, ensiling, dosage I, II, III component are made by every bag of 0.5kg clover
Wei not 1.5ml, 3ml and 6ml acetum pyrolignosum rectificatum liquid（Close 3L, 6L and 12L/t）, control group addition equivalent distilled water replacement ensiling addition
Agent, each 3 repetition for the treatment of, is placed in bag silo after additive and clover are mixed, and vacuumizes sealing, by near red after 45d
Outer analysis instrument carries out nutrition to alfalfa ensilage sample and the silage fermentation index of quality is determined.Data result is with " means standard deviation "
Represent, and overall merit is carried out to nutrition and fermentation index by Subordinate Function.
As a result：
From table 2 it can be seen that pyrolkigneous liquid processes alfalfa ensilage crude protein, acidic cleaning fibre in dosage I, II, III group dry
Dimension, neutral detergent fiber and content of lignin and ammoniacal nitrogen, acidic cleaning insoluble protein account for the ratio of crude protein compared with control group
It has been declined that, but difference does not reach the level of signifiance（p>0.05）；In crude protein soluble protein content be increased compared with control group but
Difference does not reach the level of signifiance（p>0.05）；Dosage I groups and III group neutral detergent insoluble proteins account for the ratio of crude protein compared with control group
Significantly reduce（p<0.05）, dosage II groups also decrease but difference does not reach the level of signifiance（p>0.05）；Dosage III groups cud drops
The ratio that solution albumen accounts for crude protein is dramatically increased compared with control group（p<0.05）, dosage I and II group also increased but difference does not reach
The level of signifiance（p>0.05）；Dosage I, II, III group pH value is significantly reduced compared with control group（p<0.05）；Lactic acid accounts for the ratio of total VFA
Compared with control group increased and acetic acid account for total VFA ratio decrease but difference do not reach the level of signifiance（p>0.05）.
The relative forage grass value of alfalfa ensilage is calculated according to nutrition and fermentation index（RFQ）, pyrolkigneous liquid treatment dosage I, II,
III groups significantly improve 2.20%, 6.46% and 2.06% compared with control group respectively（p<0.05）；According to Subordinate Function to each index
Comprehensive analysis is carried out, alfalfa ensilage effect pyrolkigneous liquid treatment dosage I, II, III groups are significantly better than control group（p<0.05）, it is comprehensive
Close figure of merit and show as dosage II groups most preferably, but difference does not reach the level of signifiance between three（p>0.05）.
The nutrition of the various dose acetum pyrolignosum rectificatum liquid of table 2. treatment alfalfa ensilage and fermentation index
Conclusion：
Compared with control group, pyrolkigneous liquid treatment alfalfa ensilage accounts for crude protein in dosage I, II, III group neutral detergent insoluble protein
Ratio and ensiling pH value are significantly reduced, and the ratio that rumen degradable protein accounts for crude protein is dramatically increased.Comprehensive evaluation index is relative to raise
Grass value（RFQ）And membership function result shows that pyrolkigneous liquid treatment I, II and III group is significantly better than control group（p<
0.05）, wherein it is optimal with dosage II groups, but difference does not reach the level of signifiance between I and III groups（p>0.05）.
Embodiment 2：
Material and method：
The different cultivars clover under different plot difference way to manages is selected, clover I groups and clover II groups is designated as, is received by herbage
Cutting mill is cradled to clover, cradles rear outdoor drying to water content 65% or so, is shredded to 2-5cm clover with chopper, is prepared
The bag silo of 26cm × 35cm specifications, ensiling is made by every bag of 0.5kg clover, and treatment group is 3ml acetum pyrolignosum rectificatum liquid（Close 6L/t）,
Control group addition 3mL distilled water replaces additives for ensiling, each 3 repetition for the treatment of, and green grass or young crops is placed in after additive and clover are mixed
In storage bag, sealing is vacuumized, nutrition carried out to alfalfa ensilage sample by near-infrared analyzer after 45d and silage fermentation quality refers to
Mapping is determined.Data result is represented with " means standard deviation ", and carries out synthesis to nutrition and fermentation index by Subordinate Function
Evaluate.
As a result：
Nutrition and fermentation index from after alfalfa ensilage（Table 3）As can be seen that either clover I groups or clover II groups, after ensiling
Though in pyrolkigneous liquid treatment group clover dry crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content compared with control group under
Drop but difference does not reach the level of signifiance（p>0.05）；The ratio that soluble protein, rumen degradable protein account for crude protein is equal compared with control group
Increased, wherein clover II groups increasing degree reaches the level of signifiance（p<0.05）；And it is acid in content of lignin and crude protein
The content of washing insoluble protein and neutral detergent insoluble protein has declined compared with control group, wherein the insoluble egg of clover II groups pickling
White fall reaches the level of signifiance（p<0.05）；In clover I groups the ammoniacal nitrogen for the treatment of group account for crude protein ratio and pH value it is more right
Decline according to group but difference has not reached the level of signifiance（p>0.05）, and clover II group ammoniacal nitrogens account for the ratio and pH value of crude protein compared with
Control group increased but difference does not reach the level of signifiance（p>0.05）；Pyrolkigneous liquid treatment group alfalfa ensilage lactic acid accounts for the ratio of total VFA
Example be increased compared with control group, and acetic acid account for total VFA ratio declined but difference do not reach the level of signifiance（p>0.05）.
The relative forage grass value of alfalfa ensilage is calculated according to nutrition and fermentation index（RFQ）, clover I groups and II group pyrolkigneous liquid
Treatment group significantly improves 1.97% and 1.37% compared with control group respectively（p<0.05）；Each index is carried out according to Subordinate Function comprehensive
Close analysis, no matter clover I groups or II groups, silage effect pyrolkigneous liquid treatment group is significantly better than control group（p<0.05）：
Nutrition and fermentation index that the Different Alfalfa of table 3. is originated in treatment group and control group
Conclusion：
Compared with control group, either clover I groups or clover II groups, pyrolkigneous liquid treatment group can improve soluble protein, cud
Protein degradation accounts for the ratio of crude protein, reduces in content of lignin and crude protein acidic cleaning insoluble protein and neutral detergent not
The content of molten albumen, increased lactic acid and accounts for the ratio of total VFA and reduce the ratio that acetic acid accounts for total VFA to a certain extent.Nothing
By clover I groups or II groups, alfalfa ensilage comprehensive evaluation index is worth with respect to forage grass（RFQ）And membership function result shows
Pyrolkigneous liquid treatment group is significantly better than control group.
Embodiment 3：
Material and method：
Acetum pyrolignosum rectificatum liquid is bamboo vinegar after commercially available purification.
Application method：Alfalfa ensilage special-purpose machinery cradles clover in initial bloom stage, and clover is shredded to 5cm, by the agent of 9L/t
Acetum pyrolignosum rectificatum liquid is uniformly sprayed on clover surface by amount, and dress cellar for storing things, compacting, sealing are opened cellar for storing things and used after 60 days.
Sample collection：Ensiling sample collection is carried out with 9 point samplings after opening cellar for storing things, top bed of material 50cm is removed, it is blue or green in distance
Quadrangle is done at the wall of ensilage two and each 30cm in horizental silo bottom, then each side midpoint is connected, in each line joining centered on each point
Sampling, 20cm*20cm*20cm feed blocks are extracted with sterilizing sharp tackle, are sub-packed in valve bag.
Nutrition is carried out to alfalfa ensilage sample by near-infrared analyzer and the silage fermentation index of quality is determined.Data result
Represented with " means standard deviation ".
As a result：
Nutrition and fermentation quality index of correlation refer to table 4 after alfalfa ensilage in the application, the coefficient of variation of 9 for being gathered sample
In addition to ammoniacal nitrogen accounts for crude protein ratio more than 20%, other index coefficient of variation are below 20%, illustrate that clover is blue or green in horizental silo
Storage uniformity is higher.According to nutritive index-crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, wood after alfalfa ensilage in table 4
Soluble protein, ammoniacal nitrogen, acidic cleaning insoluble protein, neutral detergent insoluble protein and cud in lignin content and crude protein
Total VFA, lactic acid, acetic acid content understand in the ratio and fermentation index-pH, dry of protein degradation, acetum pyrolignosum rectificatum liquid-bamboo vinegar
Alfalfa ensilage is made by the additive capacity of 9L/t, is worked well, Silage Quality is good：
Table 4 above is the index of alfalfa ensilage nutrition and fermentation.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of additives for ensiling for alfalfa ensilage, it is characterised in that it is uniformly to spray in clover table exquisite pyrolkigneous liquid
Face carries out the storage of clover cellar for storing things or wraps up in bag ensiling, and the consumption of the exquisite pyrolkigneous liquid is 3-12L/t.
2. application method of the additives for ensiling described in claim 1 during alfalfa ensilage：It is characterized in that by acetum pyrolignosum rectificatum
Liquid stoste is sprayed on the clover surface of the in good time results for crushing with the dose uniformity of 3-12L/t, carry out cellar for storing things reservoir pressure real, sealing or
Directly carry out wrapping up in bag ensiling, cellar for storing things can be opened after 45 days or opening is wrapped up in bag and used.
3. the additives for ensiling for being used for alfalfa ensilage described in claim 1 is improving ensiling material palatability, is reducing ensiling material
Nutritive loss simultaneously improves the application in terms of its fermentation quality.
4. the application described in claim 3, wherein described improvement Alfalfa Silage Fermentation Quality is referred to：Improve alfalfa ensilage thick
Ratio and lactic acid in albumen shared by soluble protein, rumen degradable protein account for the ratio of total VFA, reduce pH value, dry
Ratio in middle content of lignin, crude protein shared by ammoniacal nitrogen, acidic cleaning insoluble protein and neutral detergent insoluble protein, and
Acetic acid accounts for the ratio of total VFA.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108477390A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-09-04 | 甘肃省畜牧兽医研究所 | A kind of ensilage conditioning agent and its application method |
| CN109619289A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-04-16 | 天津市畜牧兽医研究所 | Bacillus coagulans ACCC10229 is reducing the application in alfalfa ensilage butyric acid content |
| CN109652345A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-19 | 天津市畜牧兽医研究所 | It is a kind of reduce ammoniacal nitrogen alfalfa ensilage leavening and alfalfa ensilage preparation method |
| CN109679883A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-26 | 天津市畜牧兽医研究所 | It is a kind of improve lactic acid content alfalfa ensilage leavening and alfalfa ensilage preparation method |
| CN109810921A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-28 | 天津市畜牧兽医研究所 | A kind of preparation method of the alfalfa ensilage leavening and preparation method thereof for improving dry matter content, alfalfa ensilage |
| CN112136978A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-12-29 | 华南农业大学 | Application of wood vinegar in alfalfa ensiling |
| CN114431337A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-05-06 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | High-density high-protein alfalfa nutrition grass brick and processing method thereof |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108477390A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-09-04 | 甘肃省畜牧兽医研究所 | A kind of ensilage conditioning agent and its application method |
| CN109619289A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-04-16 | 天津市畜牧兽医研究所 | Bacillus coagulans ACCC10229 is reducing the application in alfalfa ensilage butyric acid content |
| CN109652345A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-19 | 天津市畜牧兽医研究所 | It is a kind of reduce ammoniacal nitrogen alfalfa ensilage leavening and alfalfa ensilage preparation method |
| CN109679883A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-26 | 天津市畜牧兽医研究所 | It is a kind of improve lactic acid content alfalfa ensilage leavening and alfalfa ensilage preparation method |
| CN109810921A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-28 | 天津市畜牧兽医研究所 | A kind of preparation method of the alfalfa ensilage leavening and preparation method thereof for improving dry matter content, alfalfa ensilage |
| CN112136978A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-12-29 | 华南农业大学 | Application of wood vinegar in alfalfa ensiling |
| CN114431337A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-05-06 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | High-density high-protein alfalfa nutrition grass brick and processing method thereof |
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